The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon

Photo by Bobby Brunoe Who We Are  There are three tribes that make up the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs - Warm Springs, Wasco and Paiute  The Warm Springs and the Wasco people are from the Columbia River. The Paiute people come from the plateaus to the southeast of the Columbia River. 3 The Culture  Resources important to the tribes:  Water, fish, wildlife, roots and berries. These are in an order that was given to the tribes by the Creator.

 Why is this important?  These are what guide our way of life, spiritually, gives our connection to the lands and is what helps us with how we manage our lands.

8/5/2021 Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Treaty

 A treaty was signed with the US Government in 1855.

 The treaty reserved the right to fish, hunt, gather foods and pasture livestock in the ceded lands, and at usual and accustomed sites.  The US Government has a tribal trust responsibility to protect and enhance these resources for the tribes.

BRANCH OF NATURAL RESOURCES

MISSION: Natural Resources management services exist to plan and execute a balanced direction for the protection, use and enhancement of all the tribal natural resources as sustainable assets available for cultural, subsistence, economic and social purposes or opportunities in perpetuity consistent with the Confederated Tribes’ sovereign and treaty status. Integrated Resources 8 Management Plan (IRMP)

 IRMP is a plan that was adopted by Tribal Council in 1992 as Ordinance No. 74.

 This plan was developed for the protection and enhancement of our natural resources and to be in balance with the extraction of natural resources that are being utilized for the benefit of the tribes.

8/5/2021 Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Integrated Resource Management Plan (IRMP) Goals  Preserve, protect and enhance environmental and cultural values  Sustain traditional subsistence and other cultural needs of current and future tribal members  Provide for sustainable economic and employment opportunities  Provide for public health and safety  Manage for diversity, long-term productivity and sustainability of all natural resources Fire Lionshead 2020

To have our Natural Resources in balance

 Social  Ecological  Cultural  Economic For current and future generations Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

Keeping the Covenant Forest Restoration and Management in Ktunaxa Territory

William Barquin Attorney General, Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

Kootenai elders have passed down the history of creation and the beginning of time, much of it uniquely Kootenai and so sacred that it cannot be shared with outsiders. It can be told, however, that the Kootenai people were created by Quilxka Nupika, the supreme being, and placed on earth to keep the Creator- Spirit’s Covenant. The Covenant says:

“I have created you Kootenai people to look after this beautiful land, to honor and guard and celebrate my creation here in this place. As long as you do that, this land will meet all your needs. Everything necessary for you and your children to live and be happy forever is here, as long as you keep this Covenant with me.”

Turney-High reported: “The Kutenai considered their land a fortunate one… Scarcity, need, and famine were so unusual that they were considered of supernatural origin. Scarcity of food predicted death in the immediate family and also, perhaps with some practicality, the presence of an enemy.”

Modern Era (Post-1974) Decline of Native Fish & Wildlife

Kootenai River White Sturgeon ENDANGERED Grizzly Bear THREATENED Bull Trout THREATENED

Burbot PETITIONED Canada Lynx THREATENED

West Slope Cutthroat PETITIONED

Woodland South Arm Kokanee Caribou FUNCTIONALLY ENDANGERED EXTINCT The Kootenai Tribe’s Approach

Holistic Inclusive of Science- social and based economic values Consistent With Tribal cultural values Collaborative

Adaptively managed “The Kootenai Tribe envisions a healthy ecosystem comprised of clean, connected terrestrial and aquatic habitats, which fully support Traditional tribal uses and other important societal uses. A healthy ecosystem reflects and promotes the cultural value and long-term sustainability of present and future generations. This will be accomplished through effective management of Tribal natural resources – water, fish, wildlife and cultural resources – for the benefit of Tribal people and society as a whole.” 1

Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative (KVRI)

Formed – October 2001

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho --- City of Bonners Ferry --- Boundary County, Idaho 4 Joint Powers Agreement KVRI Co-Chairs

Mayor Dick Staples City of Bonners Ferry

Gary Aitken, Jr., Tribal Chair Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

Commissioner Dan Dinning Boundary County 5 KVRI Purpose

• Creating Partnerships & Collaborative Approach • Establishing a Proactive Forum for the Community • Bringing Key Players to the Table • Building Connectivity Between Community and Agencies • Sharing & Exchanging Information • Providing a Board for Community Involvement

KVRI Members 6 It’s a BIG Picture

Grizzly Bear Conservation

Wildlife Auto-Collision Burbot Committee Recovery

Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative

Forestry Committee TMDL

Wetland/ Riparian 7 Forestry Committee 30 Members • Addressing forestry resources with our community using a landscape approach (800,000/413,000 acres ) • The long term goal is to make Boundary County National Forest lands ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable ▪ Science-based-expertise of professional Forest Service staff ▪ Partnerships – developing common ground and areas of agreement for management ▪ Partners in working to develop restoration projects- provide support/social license for implementation ▪ Education

KVRI Field Trip - Reviewing restoration of the Solomon Lake Campground. 8 KVRI – CFLRA Proposal

• Total Landscape Acres: 800,000 (413,000 – National Forest System)

• Acreage to receive treatment: 39,430

• Total NEPA ready acres: 8,150

• Most Significant Restoration needs and actions on the landscape: ▪ Improve wildlife habitat ▪ Improve water quality ▪ Improve forest composition to improve resiliency and restore landscape function 9 KVRI – CFLRA Goals

• Create landscapes that are diverse and resilient to climatic changes and other natural and unique stresses.

• Identify, maintain and enhance ecosystem benefits

• Identify, protect and enhance forest lands with the highest benefits. These include, but are not limited to, lands that provide wildlife habitat, watershed benefits, ecological resiliency and recreational opportunities.

• Create forest ecosystems that are resilient to human activities (development, recreation, forest practices, invasive weeds, etc.).

• Provide forest-based wood products to maintain markets that are economically vibrant and sustainable

Post - thinning operation 1 Treatment Objectives

• Reduce the risk of unwanted wildland fire on the landscape

• Increase the resilience of the landscape to the effects of unwanted wildland fire in the event that such a fire occurs

• Increase the resilience of the forested landscape to insectand disease epidemics

• Protect and enhance fish & wildlife habitat

• Increase the number of watersheds that are in fully functional hydrologic condition

• Provide high-quality outdoor recreational opportunities

• Reduce the impacts from invasive species

• Provide the opportunity for the utilization of a variety of wood products; including but not limited to lumber, biomass and alternative energy sources 11 12 20 KVRI MEMBERS & PARTNERS

Members:

Chuck Roady, Private Consultant Landowner/Industrial Jim Cadnum, Private Consultant Landowner/Industrial(alt) Bob Blanford, Retired Business/Industry Tim Dougherty, Idaho Forest Group Business/Industry(alt) Robyn Miller, The Nature Conservancy Conservationist Kennon McClintock, The Nature Conservancy Conservationist Dave Wattenbarger, Boundary S.C.D. Soil Conserv./Ag Landowner Tim Dillin, Boundary S.C.D. Soil Conserv./Ag Ed Atkins Jr., Anheuser-Busch Landowner(alt) Don Allenberg, Anheuser-Busch Corp.Agric./Landowner Dan Dinning, Boundary County Comm. Corp.Agric./Landowner(alt) Wally Cossairt, Boundary County Comm. Local County Gov’t Dick Staples, Mayor of Bonners Ferry Local County Adam Arthur, City Council Gov’t(alt) Local Gary Aitken Jr., Tribal Chair Municipality Local Angela Cooper, Tribal Vice Chair Municipality(alt) Kim Pierson, Forest Supervisor Kootenai Tribe of Kevin Knauth, District Ranger Idaho Brad Corkill, Fish&Game Supervisor Kootenai Tribe of Idaho(alt) Chip Corsi, Idaho Fish&Game U.S. Forest Serv. – B.F. Sandy Ashworth, Retired U.S. Forest Serv. – B.F.(alt) Dave Gray, Retired Idaho Fish&Game Idaho Fish&Game(alt) Partners: Social/Cultural/Historical Idaho Dept. ofEnvironmental Quality SenatorSocial/Cultural/Historical(alt) Mike Crapo, CDAStaff U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Senator Jim Risch, CDA Staff Natural Resources Conservation Vital Ground Foundation Unv. Of Idaho-Boundary County Kootenai Valley Sportsmen’s Assoc The Nature Conservancy U.S. Bureau of Land Management Idaho Dept. of Fish & Game U.S. Army Corp of Engineers U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Idaho Dept. ofLands Idaho Dept. ofTransportation Congressman Russ Fulcher, CDAStaff Idaho Governor’s Office/Species Conservation

Rev.3.1.2021 SUCCESS OR FAILURE

What Works: What Does not Work:

 Intergovernmental Cooperation  Litigation (except as last resort)

 Collaboration  Focusing on one resource or issue

 Science-Based  Positions based on policy, rather than science  Holistic  Not listening or not addressing  Focusing on the resources concerns  Adaptive Management  Supporting, but then disappearing  Supporting through implementation INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

Within Ktunaxa Territory, the Ktunaxa Nation and its three constituent governments (Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and Ktunaxa Nation Council), the States of Idaho, Montana and Washington, the Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta and the United States and Canada, as well as numerous local governments, all have responsibilities. If we focus solely on who has the bigger jurisdiction or who should be in charge, the Territory and Ktunaxa and non-Ktunaxa citizens are not served. But, if we operate in a coordinated fashion to provide the Territory what it needs to be healthy, it will provide for our citizens. As governments operating in the same space, it is our responsibility to work together to do what is necessary with our limited budgets and staff. IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING THROUGH

 “Further, as the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho points out, the Project area has been substantially degraded by ‘misguided’ historical forest management practices, and intervention is necessary ‘to reestablish forest conditions that are more resistant and resilient to disturbances’ and ‘to create a varied landscape that will sustain species of importance to both Tribal and non-Tribal peoples.’ (Doc. 108 at 4–5.) The Tribe, which was heavily involved in the consultation process, represents that the Project will make for a healthier forest and better conditions for species, including the grizzly bear. In its view, ‘ecological restoration within the Project area should start sooner rather than later.’ (Doc. 108 at 5.) The Court agrees.”

 Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Savage, 375 F. Supp. 3d 1152, 1158 (D. Mont. 2019) (quoting the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho). The Covenant says:

William Barquin Kootenai Tribe Legal Department Portland Office 1000 SW Broadway, Ste. 1060 Portland, OR 97205 (503) 719-4496 [email protected] https://www.kootenai.org https://www.restoringthekootenai.org https://www.kvricollaborative.com