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The Conifer Trail

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What is a Conifer? Comparison of Common Conifers Conifer Trivia Conifers vary considerably among the Tallest in the world: A Guide to the world’s 600-plus species, but they do have Pine traits in common. Conifers are trees or Coast redwood Needles in clusters of over 375 feet tall Conifer Trail shrubs with separate male (pollen) and 2-5, cones rigid female (seed) cones. The seeds develop on cone scales or related structures, not with- Tallest in eastern U.S.: in protective fruits as in flowering plants. White pine Conifers increase in diameter through over 180 feet tall secondary growth, and they conduct water in tapered cells called tracheids. Most have Oldest in the world: needle- or awl-shaped leaves, though this Spruce varies. Needles sharp- Bristlecone pine pointed, attach over 4800 years old singly to stem on short stalks; Oldest in eastern U.S.: Arboretum Conifer Collection cones dangle from branches Arborvitae Blandy over 1000 years old Experimental Farm Hemlock is home to the Short, blunt Most massive: State Arboretum needles attach Giant sequoia of Virginia. The singly to stem; over 30 feet in diameter Arboretum’s cones small, conifer collection egg-shaped Cedar of Lebanon Cones includes about Most beautiful: 1,400 specimens You decide! from across North America and Fir Leaves flat, blunt- around the globe. tipped, attaching The collection The Arboretum’s State directly to stem on features one-third Champion Umbrella Pine State Arboretum of Virginia rounded bases; cones of the world’s pine At the University of Virginia’s Historic upright, disintegrating in species, as well as less common species place Blandy Experimental Farm such as China fir, Japanese umbrella pine, State Arboretum of Virginia and sawara cypress. Blandy is also home Top 3 Images Courtesy Va. Dept. of Forestry At the University of Virginia’s Historic to a grove of over 300 ginkgo trees, close Bottom Image Courtesy USDA BLANDY EXPERIMENTAL FARM relatives of conifers. Several of our conifers 400 Blandy Farm Lane • Boyce VA 22620 are state champions. 540-837-1758 • blandy.virginia.edu 2.5k/10-2019 1. Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticilla- 16. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) ta) A rare species, once widespread but now native Conifer Trail In the U.S., only redwoods and sequoias grow taller. only to southern Japan. Needles formed from two 9 15 The hard, strong wood has been used for ship masts, 10 11 fused leaves. Beautiful specimen tree. C* dock pilings, and railroad ties. Cones with distinctive Display three-pronged appendages. Case 8 18 2. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) A tree of 16 6 7 17 southern swamps known for “knees” that grow up 12 17. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from its roots in wet soil. Leaves turn from soft green 14 A dominant tree in the west that can reach 250’ tall. to bronze in autumn before falling. D** Native Americans used needles to treat cough and 19 20 fever and made a blue dye from the roots. C 3. Incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) Crushed 1 13 & Ginkgo Grove leaves have a fragrant, familiar aroma. 2 18. Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) A massive, A western U.S. native used to make pencils. D 3 To Cedar of Lebanon Allee long-lived native of the Pacific Northwest. Its aro- 5 Staff matic, water-resistant wood is used for roof shingles, Parking 4. China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) 4 chests, greenhouses, and saunas, and historically for A native of Asia used in construction. It is used totem poles and canoes. 23 in the U.S. as a landscape tree, though in cool cli- 22 21 mates the branches tend to brown and drop. 19. Himalayan white pine (Pinus wallichiana) Attractive tree having soft, flexible needles in bundles Quarters 5. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Dogwood Lane of five and cones up to 10 inches long. C A beautiful, long-lived tree that can reach 150 feet. Dwarf Conifer 20. White spruce (Picea glauca) Native of North Traditionally planted at shrines and tombs. Parkfield Collection Amphitheater Learning America’s northern forests. Foliage eaten by rabbits, Approximate Center North route grouse; seeds favored by red squirrels. 6. Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Native to the southern Visitor Parking Appalachians. Prefers cool, foggy habitats at mid to 21. Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis arizonica) high elevation. Fraser and balsam firs are in decline A drought-tolerant native of the U.S. Southwest. This due to introduced balsam woolly adelgid. D 10. European larch (Larix decidua) A deciduous 13. Sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera) An specimen is the Virginia state champion. C, D conifer that sheds its golden yellow needles each fall. 7. White fir (Abies concolor) Native to the western important timber tree in Japan known for its strong, The needles arise from short spurs or short shoots. 22. Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboi- U.S. mountains. Needles are flat and blunt-tipped, fragrant wood. A relative of our eastern white cedar. des) A “living fossil,” thought to be extinct by western typical of firs. A useful landscape tree. 11. Norway spruce (Picea abies) The most 14. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Once an science until found growing in China in the 1940s. commonly planted ornamental spruce in the U.S. Now widely planted as an ornamental. D 8. Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) Native from Virginia important member of eastern forests, now succumb- Can be recognized from a distance by its pendu- to maritime Canada. Seeds are eaten by squirrels, ing to the sap-feeding hemlock woolly adelgid. Unusu- lous branches. Used in making high-quality musical 23. American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) songbirds, and other wildlife. al for a conifer, it grows well in shade. D instruments. Having awl-shaped leaves and small, flower-like cones. The leaves provide food, and the dense cano- 9. Blue Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’) 12. Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) Once used in py provides shelter for wildlife. Popular landscape tree prized for its blue needles 15. Red spruce (Picea rubens) The beautiful, shipbuilding and embalming. Has been cut extensive- resonant wood is used to make high-quality violins, and attractive form. Note the spiral arrangement of its * C = Virginia State Champion; ** D = Dial-a-Tree ly in its native Turkey and Lebanon, but restoration is guitars, mandolins, and other instruments. The sap needles, common in true cedars. Best viewed from Recordings available at blandy.virginia.edu underway. Pictured on the Lebanese flag. D the open lawn. was once used to make spruce chewing gum..
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