Scholars in Action - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access History of Science Scholars in Action and Medicine Library The Practice of Knowledge and the Figure of the Savant in the 18th Century VOLUME 34/1 Volume 1 Scientific and Learned Cultures and Edited by André Holenstein, Hubert Steinke, and Martin Stuber Their Institutions Editor In collaboration with M. Feingold Philippe Rogger California Institute of Technology VOLUME 9 LEIDEN • BOSTON The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/slci 2013 - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access History of Science Scholars in Action and Medicine Library The Practice of Knowledge and the Figure of the Savant in the 18th Century VOLUME 34/1 Volume 1 Scientific and Learned Cultures and Edited by André Holenstein, Hubert Steinke, and Martin Stuber Their Institutions Editor In collaboration with M. Feingold Philippe Rogger California Institute of Technology VOLUME 9 LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: Marco Trüeb (on the basis of a bronze bust of Albrecht von Haller by Johann Friedrich Funk, 1777). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Scholars in action : the practice of knowledge and the figure of the savant in the 18th century / edited by Andre Holenstein, Hubert Steinke, and Martin Stuber ; in collaboration with Philippe Rogger. volumes cm. — (History of science and medicine library ; volume 34) (Scientific and learned cultures and their institutions ; volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24390-3 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-24391-0 (e-book) 1. Learning and scholarship—Europe—History—18th century. 2. Scholars—Europe—History— 18th century. 3. Knowledge, Theory of—History—18th century. 4. Europe—Intellectual life— 18th century. I. Holenstein, Andr?. II. Steinke, Hubert. III. Stuber, Martin. IV. Rogger, Philippe. AZ604.S36 2013 001.209409’033—dc23 2013001248 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN 1872-0684 ISBN 9789004243903 (hardback, set) ISBN 9789004249479 (hardback, vol. 1) ISBN 9789004249486 (hardback, vol. 2) ISBN 978-90-04-24391-0 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by André Holenstein, Hubert Steinke, and Martin Stuber. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access CONTENTS Volume 1 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ xi List of Figures ................................................................................................... xiii Notes on Contributors ................................................................................... xxi Introduction: Practices of Knowledge and the Figure of the Scholar in the Eighteenth Century ....................................................... 1 André Holenstein, Hubert Steinke and Martin Stuber PART I CLIMBING AND GAINING RECOGNITION: THE CAREER OF THE SAVANT Transnational Careers in the Service of Empire: German Natural Historians in Eighteenth-Century London ......................................... 45 Thomas Biskup Starting-Out, Getting-On and Becoming Famous in the Eighteenth-Century Republic of Letters ............................................. 71 Laurence Brockliss From Aristocratic Support to Academic Office: Patronage and University in the Scottish Enlightenment ................................. 101 Iris Fleßenkämper “On the Means of Becoming Famous in the Learned World”: Practices in Scholarly Constitution of Status and the Emergence of a Moral Economy of Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century ... 123 Marian Füssel Compiler into Genius. The Transformation of Dictionary Writers in Eighteenth-Century France and England ...................... 145 Caspar Hirschi - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access vi contents Between Status Attainment and Professional Dialogue: The Significance of Membership in the Leopoldina in 1750 ........ 173 Marion Mücke Jöcher’s Anthropology of Scholars ............................................................. 195 Ulrich Johannes Schneider On Some Social Characteristics of the Eighteenth-Century Botanists ....................................................................................................... 205 René Sigrist PART II READING AND JUDGING: THE ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE Usurped Intentions: The Reception of Albrecht von Haller’s Writings in France ..................................................................................... 237 Florence Catherine Albrecht von Haller as Librarian: Searching and Finding in the Universe of Books ......................................................................... 253 Claudia Engler Change of Paradigm as a Squabble between Institutions: The Institute of Historical Sciences, the Society of Sciences, and the Separation of Cultural and Natural Sciences in Göttingen in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century ............. 267 Martin Gierl Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel as a Precursor of Learned Journalism in Germany: Monatliche Unterredungen and Curieuse Bibliothec ....................................................................................................... 289 Thomas Habel Albrecht von Haller’s Contribution to the Göttingische Anzeigen von Gelehrten Sachen: The Accounting Records .............................. 319 Anne Saada - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access contents vii Samuel Engels’s Bibliotheca selectissima (1743). “Rarity” as a Criterion of Knowledge and Its Classification ......................... 339 Torsten Sander PART III PERCEIVING AND REACTING: THE MAN OF HIS TIMES The philosophe as a Virtuoso of Communication: Media, Spaces and Strategies in Voltaire’s Practice of Communication during the “Calas Affair” .......................................................................... 363 Kirill Abrosimov Communication and Reputation. Correspondences between the Scientific Cultures in the Eighteenth and Twenty-first Centuries .............................................................................. 391 Daniel Fulda Controversy as the Impetus of Enlightened Practice of Knowledge .................................................................................................... 413 Rainer Godel Secret Savants, Savant Secrets: The Concept of Science in the Imagination of European Freemasonry ................................. 433 Andreas Önnerfors Character Masks of Scholarship: Self-Representation and Self-Experiment as Practices of Knowledge around 1770 .............. 459 Hole Rößler Reacting to Rousseau: Difficult Relations between Erudition and Politics in the Swiss Republics ...................................................... 481 Simone Zurbuchen - 9789004243910 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 12:06:24AM via free access viii contents Volume 2 PART IV PRINTING AND COMMUNICATING: THE PRESENTATION AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE Men of Exchange: Creation and Circulation of Knowledge in the Swiss Republics of the Eighteenth Century ....................................... 507 Simona Boscani Leoni Illustrious Connections: The Premises and Practices of Knowledge Transfer between Switzerland and the Italian Peninsula ............. 535 Clorinda Donato At Home in the World: The Savant in the Service of Global Education ....................................................................................... 569 Karl S. Guthke Research Practices in the Early Eighteenth Century: The Example of Johann Jakob Scheuchzer ................................................................... 591 Urs B. Leu Faced with the Flood: Scholarly Working Practices and Editorial Transformations at the Highpoint of Scientific Publications ....... 609 Miriam Nicoli PART V OBSERVING AND EXPERIMENTING: THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE Presentations and Representations of Experimental Performances. The Spread of the Dispositif of Experiment across Practices, Apparatuses, and Architectures at the University of Göttingen in the Eighteenth Century ...................................................................... 633 Gunhild Berg Observation and Enlightenment ...............................................................