)/I

Vol. 6, No.1 "De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius" February 1990

September 22, 1990: The New Scheduled for March or April is Upcoming Meetings & Netherland Project is planning the second volume of Andros its 13th Rensselaerswijck Semi­ Papers dealing with the time Events nar. This year's theme is "New period 1677-78. NNP publica­ Netherland and the Frontier" to tions are available to "Friends" At Ten Broeck Mansion tie into the 300th anniversary of members at a 20-40% discount. March 22, 1990: Wine Tasting; the Schenectady massacre. Registration ($15) for the all­ Cookbook April 1, 1990: 2:00 p.m. lecture day seminar begins at 8:30 am by Peter Rose on "Three Cen­ just outside the door to the A translation of a 17th century turies of Dutch Cooking;" Orientation Theater of the State Dutch cookbook by Peter G. April 15, 1990: Easter Egg Museum on the first floor of the Rose entitled The Sensible Hunt; Cultural Education Center at the Cook: Dutch Foodways in the Old and the New World is now May 19, 1990: Abraham Ten Empire State Plaza in Albany. Coffee and rolls will be avail­ available from Syracuse Univer­ Broeck Day; grounds open; sity Press for $24.95. Charles militia encampment; crafts. able. The following speakers have been invited: Gehring of the New Netherland For more information on any of • OliverRink,"FrontierTheory" Project has written the foreword the above events at Ten Broeck • GeorgeHamell,"Van Curler & to Ms. Rose's translation. Mansion contact Ellen Hol­ Schenectady on theFrontiet" lander at (518) 436-9826. • WilliamStama,"IroquoisFron­ HMA Winners tier" • W.J.Eccles,"French-Dutch The winners of the 1988 and Other Events Frontier" 1989 Hendricks Manuscript • . CharlesGehring. "Delaware Awards will soon be in print. May 9, 1990: The Friends of Frontier Tom Burke's book on Schenec­ the New Netherland Project will tady has been accepted by Cor­ host a wine and cheese recep­ Publications nell University Press. Rutgers tion from 2:30 to 4:30 p.m. at University Press will publish Firth Fabend's manuscript on the Student Center in the Cul­ From the New Netherland tural Education Center honoring Project Dutch farmers. In addition, first authors of recent publications HMA winner Oliver Rink's Hol­ on New Netherland. Invitations This month Syracuse University land on the Hudson has proved will go out in April. Contact Press will publish the Fort such a steady seller that Cornell Nancy Zeller at (518) 474--6067 Orange Court Minutes, trans­ has now issued a paperback edi­ in April for more details. lated and edited by Charles tion for use in the classroom. Gehring, $75. De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius • 2 .. , The Friends of NNP will honor Dutch'clothing for the purposes newsletter has now been issued. these and other publications at a of historic interpretation at The newsletter will be a means May reception. Crailo State Historic Site. Con­ of sharing thoughts on the sub­ tact her at 3672 Richmond ject of the Netherlands and the Research Interests Road, Staten Island, NY 10306; United States in the last 400 (718) 979-7377. years. Reactions from readers will be shared as well to create a David Voorhees of the Leisler News group of people enthusiastic Papers project advises that a about this history. The HAHS name index of approximately will be added to the Marcurius 1500 Leisler documents is now Long-time supporter of the New mailing list so they can receive completed. Write to him at the Netherland Project, Frederick our news regularly. Our readers Department of History, 19 Uni­ W. Bogert, died suddenly this can write to HAHS at 155 Third versity Place, 5th Floor, New past fall. Mrs. Jane Bogert has Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030 or York University, NY 10003. continued her husband's gener­ call (201) 792-2211. *** osity toward the Project by donating two items to the New *** Pedro Beade, associate profes­ York State Library. Of immedi­ The New Netherland Project, as sor of humanities at Bryant Col­ ate use to the Project is a 2­ many of you already know, is lege, is currently working on a volume English-Dutch now producing volumes in biography of Roger Williams Dictionary by Willem Sewel camera-ready copy for Syracuse and is very interested in which will help greatly in trans­ University Press. We also are Williams' visit to New Amster­ lating the Dutch manuscripts of capable of doing newsletters, as dam in 1643 on his way to the New Netherland govern­ you can see, and brochures. For England. According to John ment. In addition, Mrs. Bogert the first time we did the com­ Winthrop, Williams helped donated a map of New Nether­ plete page layout for the last negotiate the peace treaty with land from Johannes Van Rensselaerswijck Seminar the Long Island Indians while Keulen's De Groote Nieuwe brochure. he was there, but Williams Lightend Zee-Fakkel. Both refer­ All of this has been made pos­ never mentioned it and all the ence tools will be available for documentary evidence appears sible by the gradual acquisition researchers using the State of appropriate computer hard­ to indicate that he didn't. Beade Library. also plans to do research on ware and software for conver­ Rhode Island-New Netherland *** sion to electronic publishing. trade, legal and otherwise, An archaeological dig at the site Word processing and page which, as Charlotte Wilcoxen of a 1680s Dutch farm has been layouts are done on a variety of has pointed out, appears to have completed over the winter by computors, each allocated to been very important for the Nar­ Fordham University'S Depart­ specific tasks because of speed ragansett Bay colony. He would ments of Sociology/Anthropol­ and memory limitations. We welcome information on either ogy and History with support now have two Northgate com­ of these subjects. His address is: provided by both the University putors, one 386/20, and one Dept. of English and and the Bronx County Histori­ 286/16; both have 65 MB Humanities, Bryant College, cal Society. For further informa­ hardcards. We also have one Smithfield,RI 02917. tion on their findings, contact IBM 286 XT and three IBM *** Dr. Allan Gilbert at (212) 579­ XTs. For word processing and 2202 or Dr. Roger Wines at page payout we use MicroSoft Siobhan Quinn, executive direc­ (212) 579-2278. Word 5.0, WordPerfect 5.0, and tor of Mount Gulian Historic Ventura Publisher 2.0. Draft Site in Beacon, NY is research­ *** copies are printed with a QMS ing the Verplanck family for the De Halve Maen, a replica of Kiss laser printer, and final interpretation of the family Hudson's ship, is now open to camera-ready copy is produced homestead. She would welcome the public at Haven's Wharf in on an Apple Laser Writer Plus. any information in this regard. Washington, North Carolina. We can also scan images and Call her at (914) 831-8172. *** text on a Hewlett Packard Scan­ *** The Holland America Historical Jet Plus; optical character read­ Janet Rigby, museum consult­ Society was founded on Septem­ ing is done through Calera's ant, is researching 17th century ber 9, 1989, and their first TrueScan. De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius • 3

Totidem Verbis

This issue's translation comes from the AmsterdamMunicipalArchive's massive collection ofrecord books kept by notary publics. The notaries were and still are an important element of the Dutch legal system. It was their responsibility to record, authenticate and maintain the integrity of testimony that could be used in legal proceedings. This particularentry is ofinterest becauseit was used by Petrus Stuyvesant as evidence to defend his actions before the directors of the West India Company concerning his surrender of New Netherland in 1664. The following should not require any further explanation except to remind the readers that a constapel was in charge of the fort's cannon. Leuven is the notary and the document ill is NA2736.

[TRANSCRIPTION] [TRANSLATION]

Compareerede voor mij Jan Hendrixe Leuven bij Appeared before me, Jan Hendrixe Leuven, ap­ den Eed: hove van Hollandt geadm: Notaris binnen pointed by the honorable court of Holland Amsterd: & voorde Naergesz get: Agidius Luyck notary within Amsterdam, and before the wit­ geweesen Rector der Latijnsche schoole in Nieu ness recorded below, Agidius Luyck, former rec­ Amsterd: in Nieu Nederlandt oudt ontrent vier en tor of the Latin school in New Amsterdam in twintich jaer & Clara Kriekenbeeq huysvrou van New Netherland, about twenty-four years old, Hans Stein winkelier aldaer oudt ontrent vier en der­ and Clara Kriekenbeeq, wife of Hans Stein, tich jaer ende hebben te saemen & Elk int bij sonder storekeeper there, about thirty-four years old, ten versoeke van Petrus Stuyvesant gewesen Direc­ who, both together and individually, have, at the teur Gener: in Nieu Nederlandt getuyght & verc1aert request of Petrus Stuyvesant, former director hoe waer is. Dat int begin vande maent September general in New Netherland, attested and des voorleden jaers xvic vier en sest: sonder den declared how it was true that in the beginning of precyse dagh onthouden te hebben dat de Constapel the month of September of the previous year of in Nieu Amsterdam wanneer de Engelse daer voor 1664, without remembering the precise day, waeren zij deposanten nevens andere burgers & in­ that, when the English were before New Amster­ woonders hem Constapel vraeghden hoe sal het hier dam, and they, deponents, along with other doch gaen suIt ghij u tot defentie stellen en schieten burgers and inhabitants asked the constapel, waer op hij antwoorde jae den heer directeur wil "What will happen here if you defend yourself vechten ende heeft belast te schieten doch t kan niet by firing?" To which he replied, "Yes, the lord helpen want het kruyt is & niet goet soo wanneer director wants to fight and has given the order to ick voormiddagh begin salt naermidd: al gedaen fire; however, it is no use, because the gunpow­ sijn, Tgeene voorschreven verc1aerden zij getuygen der is no good. So, if I begin in the morning, it waerachtigh te sijn daer bij ende tegenwordigh will be allover by afternoon." Which the wit­ geweest sulx gehoort & noch goede geheugenisse te nesses declared the foregoing to be truthful, hebben. Presenteerende des Noots deese naerder te having been present to hear it, and still having a bevestigen ende met Eede te verstercken, Con­ good memory of it. They offer to amplify this senterend: a: Aldus gepasseert ten overstaen van further by confmning it with an oath if required. Lambert ReedtgeIt & Jacob Croesz als get: den xxii Thus recorded in the presence ofLambert Octob: 1665 in Amsterd: Reedtgelt and Jacob Croesz as witnesses, the Accord: bij mij 22d of October 1665 in Amsterdam. J HLeuven Agrees with me, Not: Publ: J. H. Leuven Not. Pub!. )JJ

Vol. 6, No.2 "De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius" June 1990

Upcoming Meetings & Registration ($15) for the all- century. It focuses on paintings, Events day seminar begins at 8:30 am drawings, prints, sea charts, and just outside the door to the related cartographical material, Orientation Theater of the State while stressing the relationship June 20,1990: Dr. Charles Museum on the first floor of the between marine art and Dutch Gehring of the New Netherland Cultural Education Center at the history and commerce. For a Project will speak on "The Empire State Plaza in Albany. brochure and ordering informa­ Cultural Environment of New Coffee and rolls will be avail­ tion contact Cambridge Univer­ York Dutch: New Nether­ able. The following speakers sity Press, 40 West 20th Street, landers become New Yorkers" have been invited: New York, NY 10011 at the American Association of • Oliver Rink, "Frontier Theory" Netherlandic Studies 5th Inter­ • George Hamell, "Van Curler & disciplinary Conference at Schenectady on the Frontier" P bl' t' UCLA. For details on this con­ • William Starna, "Iroquois Fron­ U Ica Ions ference contact Netherlandic tier" Studies Conference, 11250 • W,J. Eccles, "French-Dutch C.A. Weslager's newest contri­ Bunche Hall, 405 Hilgard Ave., Frontier" bution to New Sweden (and un­ Los Angeles, CA 90024-1487; • Charles Gehring, "Delaware avoidably New Netherland) FAX (213) 206-3555 Frontier" history became available on March 29, the date Minuit September 23, 1990: "Mirror Summer 1990: Early American bought land along the Minquas of Empire: Dutch Marine Art of Craft Series, Sundays 12--4 p.m. Kill from the Indians. The 225­ the 17th Century," a traveling page book, A Man and His at Lefferts Homestead. For a exhibition, opens at the Minnea­ brochure contact Lefferts Home­ Ship: Peter Minuit and the KaZ­ polis Institute of Arts. The ex­ mer can be purchased stead, Prospect Park Adminis­ Nyckel, hibit will run there until the end for $9.95 in paperback or $20 in trator, 95 Prospect Park West, of 1990 and then will open Brooklyn, NY 11215; (718) cloth from Middle Atlantic 965~505. January 27, 1991 atthe Toledo Press, P.O. Box 945, Wil­ Museum of Art and May 23, mington, DE 19899 1991 at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. An exhibit *** September 22, 1990: The New Write for a list of publications Netherland Project is planning catalogue by the same title will be published in November 1990 and gifts from Bronx County its 13th Rensselaerswijck Semi­ Historical Society, 3309 nar. This year's theme is "New by Cambridge University Press. "Mirror of Empire" is the first Bainbridge Ave., Bronx, NY Netherland and the Frontier" to 10467; (212) 881-8900. tie into the 300th anniversary of survey in the English language the Schenectady massacre. of Dutch marine art of the 17th

NewNetherlandProject NYSL, CEC8th Floor,Albany,NY 12230 (518)474-6067; FAX (518)474-5786 De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius • 2

Research Interests if you have information. Leisler, he was involved in the June 1690 riot in New York A full genealogy/history of the News City and arrested for treason. Wendell Family (Evert Janse, c. He managed to outlive Leisler 1640 to New Amsterdam from 17th-Century Account Book and be elected to the provincial Emden, East Friesland; Albany council in 1695. His birth date after 1645) is the goal of In May 1990 the Manuscripts is unknown; however, it is cer­ Charles W. Wendell. All infor­ and Special Collections of the tain that he died in 1708. mation (esp. l800-present) will New York State Library The entries recorded in the ac­ be welcomed. Please write him acquired a 1oo-page account count book involve individuals at 205 W. Ninth Street, Plain­ book belonging to Theunis De from New York City and field, NJ 07060. Key who inscribed his name on Kingston, New York. Notables the flyleaf with the" date Feb. 27, appearing on the pages are: *** 1682/3. De Key's name is Ephraim Hermans, son of Frederick B. Tubbs would followed by a stylized drawing Augustine Hermans; Jacob Kip; appreciate hearing from anyone of a swan, possibly indicating Petrus Bayard; and one of the who has studied the history of his religious affiliation as a most frequent entires belong to New Utrecht on Long Island Lutheran. Technically the book non other than Jacob Leisler. from its inception until 1700. is what was called a "waste" or Debit items include bread, Contact him at 6 McCombe Dr., "day book," containing day-to­ sugar, syrup, cloth; credit items Delmar, NY 12054; tel. (518) day debit and credit transactions include grain, hauling fees, 439-7259. that eventually were transferred wages, construction materials, *** to ledgers for balancing. such as bricks etc. The account Dr. Barbara Swann, Town Theunis De Key, the son of book was kept entirely in Dutch Clerk, Monterey, MA 01245, Jacob De Key, was a baker and and covers the period from (413) 528-5612, is tracing merchant. In 1688 he was an August 1680 to 1684, with addi­ Dutch settlers in southern assistant alderman in New York tional memoranda on the final Berkshire County. Contact her City. An opponent of Jacob pages from 1687. Totidem Verbis

Piet Heyn Killed in Action against Dunkirkers Entire Nation in Mourning Such a headline might have announced the death ofone ofthe greatest Dutch naval heroes on June 18th, 1629. As a fleet commander for the West India Company, Piet Heyn was best known for his capture of the Spanish silver fleet in the preceeding year. Through a combination of skill, courage, and luck he was able to trap the ships carrying the annual shipmentofsilver from Mexico to Spain in the bay ofMatanzas on the northern shore of Cuba. The booty yielded 177, 000 pounds of silver worth eight-million guilders! Piet Heyn's action had a double effect for the Netherlands and the war with Spain. This considerable influx ofcapital caused both the Company's stock and morale to soar, Piet Heyn, zijn naam is klein, inspiring a renewed effort against Brazil. Closer to home Philip IV, zijn daden benne groot. king of Spain, was unable to payoff his short-term loans. This meant Hij heeft gewonnen that he was also unable to spend any money on his forces in the de zilvervloot. Netherlands, delaying any planned offensive campaigns. Piet Heyn returned a hero; however, he soon became dissatisfied with the Company's inaction on his proposals to reorganize the navy. He Piet Heyn, his name is small, resigned his commission with the Company and almost immediately his deeds are great. accepted an appointment as lieutenant-admiral of the States fleet of He has captured Holland. His first action was against four Dunkirkers in the Straits of the silver fleet. Dover. Piet Heyn was mortally wounded by the first salvo of bullets.

Refrainof a popular His fleet returned home with the fallen hero and three captured conl9rJlXlrarysong_ Dunkirker ships. So, June 18th remember Piet Heyn.

New NetherlandProject NYSL, CEC 8th Floor. Albany.NY 12230 (518)474-6067; FAX (518)474-5786 IVol. 6, No.3 "De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius" September 1990 I Upcoming Meetings & • OliverRink, "New Netherland ings; for example, the roast Events andOverview" the Frontier: A Theoretical turkey will be served in its own • WilliamStarna,"Indian-Dutch feathers. The dinner is limited Frontiers" to 60 persons and reservations September 18-24, 1990: A • GeorgeBarnell,"Arent vanCur­ be musical, Hearts ofFire, based ler and theUnderwater must received by September on the Schenectady Massacre of Grandfathers: Schenectady as a 15, 1990. The cost is $37.50 for 1690, written and directed by CulturalFrontier" FNNP members and $40.00 for • WJ. Eccles,"Contactbetween others. Contact Mary Jane Crot­ Maria Riccio Bryce. There will ~=:therlandandNew ty at [518] 473-8826 be 8 performances at Proctor's Theater/Schenectady. Tickets • Charles Gehring, ''New Nether­ September 23, 1990: "Mirror are $11.00-22.50. For informa­ land's Delaware Frontier" ofEmpire: Dutch Marine Art of tion call: [518]382-1083; to the 17th Century," a traveling Later the same evening the order tickets: [518]346-6204 exhibition, opens at the Minnea­ Friends of the New Netherland polis Institute of Arts. The ex­ Project will host the fourth hibit will run there until the end September 22, 1990: The New Hendricks Manuscript Award of 1990 and then will open Netherland Project's 13th dinner, honoring this year's January 27, 1991 at the Toledo RensselaerswijckSeminar. $1000 prize winner, David W. Museum of Art and May 23, This year's theme is "New Voorhees for his manuscript 1991 at the Los Angeles County Netherland and the Frontier" entitled" 'In Behalf of the true Museum of Art. An exhibit in commemoration of the 300th Protestants religion': The catalogue by the same title will anniversary of the Schenectady Glorious Revolution in New be published in November 1990 massacre. Registration ($15) for York.". Author/Food historian by Cambridge University Press. the all-day seminar begins at Peter G. Rose and Dutch-born It focuses on paintings, draw­ 8:30 am just outside the door to Master Pastry Chef Peter De ings, prints, sea charts, and re­ the Orientation Theater of the long of the Village Bake Shop, lated cartographical material, State Museum on the first floor Mount Kisco, NY, are col­ while stressing the relationship of the Cultural Education Cen­ laborating on the authentic 17th­ between marine art and Dutch ter at the Empire State Plaza in century menu. The dishes will history and commerce. For a Albany. Coffee and duivekaters be prepared from period recipes brochure contact Cambridge (Dutch holiday bread) will be in The Sensible Cook. The University Press, 40 West 20th available. The following presentation is based on 17th­ Street, New York, NY 10011 speakers will participate: century Dutch still life paint-

NewNetherlandProject NYSL, CEC8th Floor, Albany. NY 12230 (518)474-6067; FAX (518)474-5786 De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius • 2

Research Interests tion of New Netherland. Gover­ co-sponsors include: Lawrence nor Mario M. Cuomo recently E. Bennett (Newburgh-Orange), Bette Ordway Wilson is very signed into law the bill designat­ Elizabeth A. Connelly (Staten interested in the Dutch in New ing October 11th of each year as Island-NYC), Richard J. Con­ York State especially the Van New Netherland Day. This legis­ ners (Albany), Thomas P. Di Sciver and Van Tassel families. lation commemorates the estab­ Napoli (Great Neck-Nassau), She would be glad to exchange lishment of New Netherland on G. Oliver Koppell (Bronx­ information. Write: 169 Melody October 11, 1614. That is the NYC), Howard L. Lasher Lane, Tonawanda, NY 14150. date the States General of the (Brooklyn-NYC), Roger J. United Netherlands chartered Robach (Rochester), Robin *** the New Netherland Company Schimminger (Kenmore-Erie), An 80-year-old Dutchman, with "the right to resort to, or Larry Seabrook (Bronx-NYC) Pieter Bakker, is looking for cause to be frequented" the ter­ and Paul Tonko (Amsterdam). living descendants of his great ritory in America extending on State Senator Howard C. uncle, Abraham Dekker, born the north from the present day Noland, Jr. (Albany) introduced Aug. 3, 1856 at Capelle aan de boundary separating New York the New Netherland Day legisla­ Yssel, who emigrated in 1884 to State and the Province of tion in the upper chamber. the Albany, New York area. He Quebec (45 degrees north These representatives should worked at a papermill. Later 3 latitude) southward to what is hear from everyone interested in Van Altern brothers emigrated now northern New Jersey (40 New Netherland thanking, them and catpe into contact with Dek­ degrees north latitude). Thus, for their support for this bill. New Netherland came into exist­ ker. Mr. Bakker would like in­ *** formation on either Dekker or ence six years before the sign­ the Van Altems. Write him at ing of the Mayflower Compact New York University through Lorentzstraat 15, 7316 GJ Apel­ and the establishment of the its School of Continuing Educa­ doom, Netherlands. Plymouth colony and seven tion, 2 University Place, Room years after Jamestown. 55, New York 10003, is now News offering a course in modem William B. Hoyt (Buffalo) and Dutch. For information call FNNP member George Paul E. Harenberg (Hauppauge­ [212]998-7030. Damiano has been successful in Suffolk) introduced the legisla­ getting an annual commemora- tion in the Assembly. Assembly Totidem Verbis This issue's translation comes from legal papers at the archives in Amhem. It concerns thesuit between Brantvan Slichtenhorst, former director of RensseIaerswijck, and the guardians of the patroon. Slichtenhort's stonny tenure as director of the "colonie" (1648-1652) culminated 'in the establishment of Beverwijck and his expulsion from New Netherland. After retiring to his estate near Nijkerk, Slichtenhorst attempted to settle a claim for 115,000 against thepatroonship. A major factor in his claim was the expenses incurred from his relations with theMOIluaes [Mohawks]. The following deposition paints a picture of a Dutch village essentially under occupation by the native Americans and a director struggling with the clash of two cultures:

hereas the cruel, barbaric Indians, called the Furthermore, it was often the case that the field WMaquaes, not only receive tribute annually commanders of the Maquaes came into the colony, from other nations situated70 (Dutch) miles around which lies between them, and summoned the other them and the colony but also summon them to war nations to appear there. The patroon's house was to go fight with them against their enemies the their meeting place because those ofthe fort and the French Christians and Indians who live in Canada. 3 small houses, which were then in the settlement There they carried on a very cruel and inhuman war [bijeenwoninghe, i.e., north of Fort Orange] could against one another in 1648, 1649, 1650 and 1651. or would not offer lodgings, therefore they sent all The sad experiences produced by it is evident, as ofthem to the patroon's; also the sick and wounded. also can be seen from the Indians' proposal. As a result the entire house was full ofIndians from

Newr--.Netherland Project NYSL,esc8th Floor,Albany,NY 12230 (518)474-6067; FAX (518)474-5786 De Nieu Nederlandse Marcurius • 3 front to back; and as one party left another took its These campaigns lasted from spring to autumn, place throughout the year. until we received news that the French Christians Thus the field commanders often were so bold and Indians had killed and taken prisoner 5 to 600 as to go sit at the table of their own accord and take Maquaes at the great lake [Lake Erie?]; so many that food and drink, dividing it among themselves as there were few left in the first and second castles of long as it lasted. I even had to guard against their the Maquaes. taking meat and bacon from the garret, although this After this defeat the Maquaes continued from was done mostly surreptitiously. time to time to be a great annoyance to the French And when the commanders had been well enter­ and their Indians. As a result we had to witness daily tained for some days, we then had to provide them great sorrow. And when they terrorized French with com, beans, peas, an axe, an awl, a breechcloth Christians by cutting off limbs, burning, and bring­ or a pair of stockings. And ifwe were slow about it, ing them to the verge ofdeath, our Christians had to then they claimed that they had to fight for us "give the Maquaes large amounts of money in order Christians, and that it was necessary to provide them to keep them alive. Also, whenever the Maquaes with every weapon: guns, powder, lead and every commanders went out to collect their annual tribute other necessity, as the French do for their Indians-­ from their nations at various times each year, they this can be seen in their proposal. usually came to the patroon's house, as they went Also, that the Christians occupied their land that out and returned, to take up lodgings for several they had conquered from the Mahikanders by the days. sword; and that they let us Christians live there, so In addition, many young toughs and ruffians of that you had to accommodate them in every way or every nation ran around daily, doing the most the Christians might just as well go back over the damage by killing cattle and hogs, and often daring great water. to say openly to me, "Give us bacon and meat or we And if you did not accede to their foul wishes will kill the cattle and hogs." Once they killed two and demands, then they openly dared to threaten to big fat hogs for Slichtenhorstand ate them up among kill the horses, cattle and hogs; even the Christians, themselves, so that Slichtenhorst only got the head as the director also experienced in his house and of one of the hogs. outside at various times.

New Netherland Project New York State Library CEC 8th Floor Albany, NY 12230