CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL

BISHOP BURTON

EAST RIDING OF COUNCIL OCTOBER 2008

1

BISHOP BURTON

CONSERVATION AREA This Appraisal has been undertaken in APPRAISAL accordance with "Guidance on Conservation Areas" issued by English Heritage in August 2005 in order to INTRODUCTION meet the current requirements of

national government, which includes the The Conservation Area at Bishop a requirement that Conservation Areas Burton was designated by should be re-surveyed every five years. Borough Council in 1974. This document identifies the special The Town and Country Planning Act architectural and historic interest of the 1990 defines a Conservation Area as character and appearance of Bishop "an area of special architectural or Burton. It indicates how this should be historic interest the character or preserved and enhanced and will be appearance of which it is desirable to useful to potential developers, residents preserve or enhance". and businesses and to the Council in the making of Development Control For the designation of Conservation decisions and environmental Areas to be effective, it is important that improvements. rational and consistent judgements are made in determining their special qualities and local distinctiveness, as well as their value to the local community. Such judgements should be based on a thorough understanding of the area in its wider context, reached through a detailed Appraisal of its character.

The purpose behind Conservation Area designation is not to prevent any further change; rather it is to ensure that whatever change does occur is carefully managed.

2

The Bishop Burton Conservation Area lies in the "Bishop Burton Estate DEFINITION OF BISHOP Farmland" Landscape Character Area, as BURTON'S SPECIAL INTEREST identified in the Landscape Character The special character and appearance of the Assessment (ERYC 2005). The Bishop Burton Conservation Area is to be found Landscape Character Assessment in the survival of this former estate village, whose identifies this area as being located on predominantly white painted cottages are grouped the edge of the Wolds and being around its two greens and Mere. distinguished by its relatively substantial blocks of broad-leaved woodland and Bisected by the busy A1079 Hull to York road, scattered mature trees, which are similar it nestles in a hollow in the terrain which, with to those of nearby estate villages. The the impressive tree cover on its edges, adds to a enclosures of the open field system in feeling of enclosure. 1772 led to the creation of a series of farmsteads outside the village. It has some strong characteristics, including the importance of its open spaces and its disciplined The village pond, or The Mere as it is architecture, where features such as the use of known, is a good example of an white painted brickwork, short chimneys, rustic important characteristic, which occurs in porches and gabled dormers all feature strongly. many Wolds villages. Meanwhile, Bishop Burton College is located on the In the summer, the importance of the trees on its site of the medieval palace of the greens and the visually cooling effect of its water Archbishop of York and evidence in the create a balance to which other villages can only landscape still exists of the former deer aspire. park that was present during this period.

To the west of the Bishop Burton Conservation Area is the "South Wolds THE CHARACTER AND Rolling Landscape" Landscape Character Area. Covering the southern APPEARANCE OF THE dip of the Wolds, this area is generally CONSERVATION AREA AT below 150 metres AOD and is BISHOP BURTON dominated by open rolling farmland with little woodland and tree cover, other than features such as small shelter belts around farmsteads. Some a) TOPOGRAPHY AND ITS fragments of important native RELEVANCE woodlands of Ash and Field Maple are present in this southern part of the The village lies within a classic Wolds Wolds. landscape, occupying a site in the valley bottom on the lower slopes of the Large areas of calcareous grassland are Wolds, some 4km west of Beverley. found within the Character Area, often The settlement is set within a broadly with Hawthorn and gorse scrub present. rectangular Parish dissected by three The former chalk pits in the area can prominent dry valleys. To the south and support a range of indicative plant west of the village the Wolds rise species such as pyramidal orchid, hairy gradually to a height of almost 120 rock-cress, clustered bellflower, fern metres above sea level.

3 grass, autumn gentian, small scabious and wild thyme. There are plenty of mature trees throughout, and of particular note is a weeping ash in the grounds of All Saints Church.

Some parts of the village have quite dense development but all properties have some sort of garden space, with several on the outskirts being quite large, and these are, on the whole, well-tended.

c) TREE PRESERVATION ORDERS Bishop Burton College Lodge, seen across Cottage Field There are two Tree Preservation Orders within the proposed Conservation Area. These are: -

The disused railway line between TPO 1039 at Moon Cottage, 10 Bryan Beverley and is an Mere. important feature in this landscape, providing valuable wildlife habitat that acts as 'corridor' linking areas of semi- There are no Tree Preservation Orders natural environments, which would immediately adjacent to the otherwise be isolated. Typical plant Conservation Area. species of this landscape feature include annuals such as biting stonecrop, silver hairgrass, marjoram and thyme-leaved sandwort. d) OPEN SPACES b) THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Open space represents an important element in the character of Bishop Bishop Burton is a picturesque village Burton's Conservation Area. The most with well-established flora in and around important contributors to this are the the Area. There are numerous two village greens, the Mere and the two communal green spaces which include paddocks - the one between York Road two significant ponds in the centre and and Pudding Gate and its smaller are home to water-birds, fish and a neighbour which abuts Finkle Street. variety of marginal aquatic plants including sedges, rushes and iris. Once away from these areas because of the nature of the terrain, the grain of the The extensive grounds surrounding village is very close-knit, making these Bishop Burton College are well open spaces even more valuable. maintained and contain a small woodland to the east. Adding to the green space within the village’s boundary, opposite the entrance to the

College is a field, and as part of its management it is periodically used for grazing.

4

No.’s 13 and 14 The Green (Grade II Listed)

From most of the approaches into the The Main Road through the village (looking east) heart of the village, and certainly with regard to the main road (A1079), which runs from east to west through the Particular reference should be made to Conservation Area, arrival in the village the random stone wall which flanks is quite sudden and therefore dramatic. much of the boundary of Bishop Burton Initially, quite constricted, these access College. This emphasises and reminds points create a sense of drama, which is us that we have here a Wolds village and heightened by the way the street-scape that this stone would have been the suddenly opens out to these open spaces usual local building material from referred to above. centuries past.

e) BOUNDARY TREATMENT Noticeable because of its white paint,

the safety guards around the village Throughout the Conservation Area, ponds sit comfortably with the black & there are a number of different ways in white of the village properties. which boundaries are handled. There are examples of walls, post and rail fences, railings, wicket (palisaded) fences f) ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION and several examples where the smallness of front curtilages has There has been intensive human activity persuaded the owners to do away with a here for much of the last 10,000 years. formal boundary and to allow the garden to gently merge with the street The earliest activity in this part of the scene. Wolds is typically represented by casual

finds of flint used by hunter-gatherer Once again, though, one variation communities during the Mesolithic predominates - in this case, hedges - period. The development of more mainly though not exclusively of established settlements and the hawthorn, this has the benefit of introduction of farming began during softening the streetscape and making it the Neolithic period. Late Neolithic or green. This greenness is then reflected early Bronze Age flints were recovered in the grass verges and greens of the from a site south of Bryan Mere in 1993, village which strengthens and but it is in the Bronze Age that extensive emphasises its rural antecedents. evidence for occupation and settlement

5 begins to leave its mark on the Bishop Burton Manor in 1216. His landscape of the Parish. The Parish house included a Chapel and is contains four Bronze Age linear mentioned in 1340, but by 1388 was earthworks and more than 40 round described as being ruinous. The site was barrows. The crop marks of the ring- later occupied by High Hall re-built in ditch of a barrow lie at the north- the early 17th century but gutted by fire western limit of the Conservation Area circa. 1790. It was finally demolished in and the larger number of such 1952 - 2. monuments attests the former presence of a sizeable population. In 1542 the Archbishop exchanged the Manor with the Crown. Various Iron Age funerary activity is found in a families owned the Manor after that, square barrow cemetery to the west of including the Gee family (1603 - 1783) the village and at least five further and the Watt family (1783 - 1930). square barrows elsewhere in the Parish. There are a number of crop marks of Traditions maintains that a Church was enclosures associated with trackways built here before the conquest though and early field systems. the dedication of All Saints is more in keeping with a Norman foundation and From the Romano-British period a the earliest surviving fabric dates from Roman villa was discovered in circa. the late 12th century. 1720 and the minor Roman road passes through the Parish with Romano-British In the 18th century attempts to establish ditches, associated with third and fourth non-conformist congregations were century pottery were found within the made and buildings were licensed for village as well as Roman coins. worship between 1708 and 1739. In 1743 there were 34 Presbyterian families The place name Burton is of Anglian and one Anabaptist family in the village. origin and is thought to mean a fortified A Baptist Church was founded in 1764 farmstead. It was originally known as and a Chapel built in Callas in 1770. It South Burton to distinguish it from was demolished in 1989. A Wesleyan North Burton (now ). Methodist Chapel was built on the north Another pre-conquest place name is side of Pudding Gate in 1840, and is still Killingwoldsgraves, which was first in use. recorded in 1169 and means "Cynewald's copse or trench", and may A schoolmaster was licensed in 1743 refer to a nearby linear earthwork. with between 20 and 50 children attending a school in the parish. In g) POST-CONQUEST 1819 there was also a Baptist school ARCHAEOLOGY with 20 to 30 children. By 1855 the schools had been merged and were In 1066 the 17 carucate estate belonged housed in converted cottages to the to the Archbishop of York. In 1086 it south of the Mere. A new school (All was held under him as a berewick of Saints Church of School) was Beverley by the Canons of St. John's, built on the same site in 1860. Beverley. He was designated sole lord in 1316. In the later 18th century there were two public houses in the village, but from The Archbishop paid regular visits to the early 19th century onwards only the the estate in the late 12th and early 13th one: this was called the Horse and centuries. It was first described as Jockey from 1825 - 1872, but was then

6 re-named the Altisadora. An road and this has always formed the Oddfellows Lodge was opened in 1840. main village street. The fragmented The village hall was opened in 1952. village green spans both sides of the road with the two major focal points of The economy of the village was always the village - the Church and the rural, but a weaver was recorded in the Archbishop's Palace/Manor House set mid 18th century and a plough-maker in respectively at the eastern and western 1846. There were two millers in 1754. edges of the original medieval core.

The Enclosure Map of 1772 and Jeffrey's Map of 1775 clearly show the extent and form of the later 18th century village with its new post- enclosure roads. Overall, the impression given is that of an open cross-shaped pattern of houses scattered around The Green and the York Road.

The developments of the last two centuries have helped to fill in some of The Lodge at Bishop Burton College (Grade the gaps to give a denser pattern of II listed) houses and the limits of the village have been expanded slightly to the east, west and south, but otherwise the basic plan h) LAYOUT AND DISPOSITION of the village is much the same as its 18th century predecessor. The major There are approaches to the village from change has been the development of the north, east, south and west, but within College of Agriculture within the the Conservation Area, these are Archbishop's former deer park, to the restricted to a main east-west axis north-west of the village. (A1079) and two minor roads going south towards . These two minor roads are directly linked just beyond the Conservation Area and there is a surprisingly detailed network of j) BUILDINGS, STYLES AND minor lanes to the south of the Mere MATERIALS and Pudding Gate, which articulate this area. The bulk of the houses in the Conservation area are of 18th century Pudding Gate itself is the more and later date and are predominantly important link between the main road brick built. However, there is some use and the south-east part of the of limestone in a few buildings and in Conservation Area having outstripped the park wall. Finkle Street in this role.

To the north, North End has become i) Scale something of a cul-de-sac with its entrance to Bishop Burton College Most of the Conservation Area's usually closed. properties are of two storeys, though the use of dormers enables single storeyed The main axial route through the village buildings to have accommodation in the has always been the Beverley to York

7 roof-space and likewise with some two- iv) Walls storey buildings. Most other East Riding villages' properties, where Whilst there are buildings of random dormers are to be found, favour gabled stone, nearly all the properties in the dormers or sledge dormers, but here Conservation Area are of brick. there are examples of flat roofed Red/brown in colour as in so many examples which tend to be favoured in villages in the Beverley and Holderness more urban environments and have area, the impact that this would have is probably been introduced here because compromised by the predominance of of the village's proximity to Beverley white painted brick walls. where this style can readily be found.

View looking down Church Side

Forge Cottage (grade II listed) For visitors to the village and its Conservation Area this must be perhaps the most abiding memory of its built ii) Orientation environment, and in the whole of the East Riding there is probably no village - Nearly all the residential properties in and certainly no Conservation Area - Bishop Burton face the roads or greens which comes close to challenging these which they abut and most are relatively white painting buildings' supremacy. A close to their front boundaries; but more handful of buildings also exhibit a 19th recently built dwellings tend to be set century mock Tudor half timbered further back. effect, which adds to the street scene's variety yet strengthening the black and iii) Materials white theme.

The use of building materials normally iv) Colour reflects what would have been available locally at the time, as materials were only It would seem appropriate at this point transported over long distances for to continue this description with the expensive high status buildings, such as issue of colour. Many of the white historic Churches. painted buildings offset this whiteness with back frames to the windows and As its remaining buildings, except for black paintwork to eaves, door the Church, date from the 18th century surrounds and rainwater goods. Other or alter, all traces of medieval wattle and dark colours have also been used on daub and thatched roofs have long since some properties. Nevertheless, the disappeared. overall impression is of white with black and this is an element which reinforces the cohesion of the village street scene.

8 breaking up what would otherwise be v) Roofs flat facades.

Although there are examples of slate, viii) Chimneys plain tiles and concrete tiles, the roof- scape of the houses in Bishop Burton Once again, there is a surprising are predominantly of clay pantiles. Add uniformity in chimneys and their pots. to this the (former) agricultural buildings The latter are mostly plain Terracotta, within the Conservation Area and this round and quite short in height. There dominance is even more overwhelming. are examples of more decorative pots Several of the newer buildings have used such as square cream ones, but these dark brown pantile variant, which gives tend to be on the periphery of the Area the impression that these properties are rather than in its centre and are older than they really are. therefore less noticeable.

vi) Windows and Doors

These building components are probably the elements which have seen the greatest change over the last 30 years since the Conservation Area was originally designated. There is perhaps a higher ratio of white uPVC windows and (lesserly) doors than in many villages and sadly their quality has not always adequately replicated the styles of the timber windows (and doors) which School Green and the Old School they have replaced. Chimneystacks tend to be modern with On the positive side it is pleasing to note the glorious exception of those on the that a few properties have managed to Listed former High Hall entrance lodge, retain their shutters. These (which dates from 1888,) and are all but "accessories" - once a not uncommon unique to the greater area. feature - have all but disappeared from the Riding's streetscape, representing a k) MISCELLANEA significant loss of a feature of historic interest. The village has a curious medley of street lighting, ranging from 19th Mention has already been made (see century gas lamps (converted to Scale) of the use of dormers. It needs electricity) through early 20th century only to be added here that it is the electric lighting to more modern gabled dormers which predominate. variants.

vii) Porches Also of note is the village pump which

dates from the mid 19th century, which A particular feature of the Conservation is next to the village pond (Mere). Area is the many rustic porches and canopies which can be found. This There is also a K6 1930's red telephone feature has been taken up in the late 20 th box by the side of the A1079, which century properties, and apart from their adds a dash of contrasting colour to the practical value, are visually valuable in built environment.

9 viewer. This is due to the serpentine The village greens also possess two nature of many of the roads and lanes. stone mounting blocks and a Millennium Stone, which is placed to Three buildings, however, need special commemorate the former Sheep-Wash, mention in this context – The Altisidora, which stood between the Mere and the which commands the view as one Altisidora. descends the hill into the village, from Beverley, No 10 York Road, which is in l) HISTORIC BUILDINGS front of you when entering the village from the Market Weighton end, and The following buildings in the Carrera, which because of its elevated Conservation Area are listed: - status, dominates the horizon when rounding the curve past the Mere and All Saints Church II* travelling east. Callais Farmhouse II 13 & 14 The Green II Apart from these, all the properties Forge Cottage II around the greens have an increased Westfield Farmhouse II importance, not least because so many Red House II of these have little or no front gardens, Eastfield Farmhouse II which brings them directly into the North End Farmhouse II street scene. Old Farmhouse II North View II n) UNLISTED BUILDINGS OF The Old Village Pump II INTEREST Former High Hall Entrance Lodge II There are many unlisted buildings of interest in the village’s Conservation The following buildings within the Area and so this section will confine Parish are listed, but do not come within itself to mentioning those with an other the Conservation Area: - than usual residential background.

Stump Cross (A1035) II These include: Killingwoldgraves House (A1079) II The Altisidora Inn – in many respects Lings Farmhouse II pivotal to the Conservation Area, Bishop Burton Grange II The Former Parish School (1860), m) FOCAL-POINT BUILDINGS The Wesleyan Chapel (1840), These buildings are highlighted because of the additional visual importance they K6 Telephone (designed 1935 by Sir have due to their location. Planning Giles Gilbert Scott) applications, which relate to them will therefore be considered against the criterion that their design and detailing POLICY STATEMENT FOR THE should reflect the importance of their BISHOP BURTON location. CONSERVATION AREA

The layout of Bishop Burton is such The East Riding of Yorkshire Council that there are few buildings, which will use its powers to protect the special present themselves square on to the

10 character of the Bishop Burton To preserve the character and Conservation Area. appearance of the Conservation Area, traditional patterned timber doors and Where the removal of trees within the windows are recommended, keeping the Conservation Area is approved, the style simple as befits this rural location. Council will endeavour to ensure that the Area's long term character and Guttering and fall-pipes should be of appearance is not thereby damaged, and cast-iron, though some guttering may be that, unless there are accepted reasons to of timber – especially on buildings with the contrary, replacement planting is an agricultural heritage. agreed and undertaken. Thresholds should be traditional and of stone where Building Regulations permit.

Chimneystacks, and chimney pots, make an important contribution to the village’s skyline, and should reflect the characters of others around them.

The Mere

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

The Council will have special regard to the development proposals which may affect the Area and its setting, to ensure Cottages opposite Low Balk Farm that it is thereby preserved or enhanced.

TRAFFIC

RECOMMENDED MATERIALS No Appraisal of the Bishop Burton Conservation Area would be complete This appraisal has already made without mention of the impact of traffic reference to Bishop Burton’s materials’ on those parts close to the A1079 Hull character. to York Road.

Predominantly to the memory are the Proof of its detrimental effects is most village’s white painted cottages below readily seen by the need to introduce clay pantiled roofs. (quite unsympathetically) protection for the cottage on the corner of Finkle Where brickwork remains in an Street. A closer look at the area on each unpainted state these are usually side of the road shows that in wet red/brown clamp type bricks. weather it suffers from a constant spray of water, mud and other pollutants which leave a layer of dull grime wherever they dry, to the detriment of

11 both the natural and the built Knight’s Garth, and the land environment. north of Garth End’s Road. It was acknowledged that whilst Although the existence of the main road the properties along this lane did has not altered in the past 33 years, the not reflect the historic character volume of transport almost certainly of the rest of the village, the land has, and it must be something of a relief is important for the views it when snow between Bishop Burton and gives into the Conservation Area Market Weighton occasionally closes the and it was therefore included. road to through traffic. 3. A significant alteration was It can also be argued that traffic is part agreed at the west end of Bryan of this particular Conservation Area's Mere. Previously, the three character, but if this is acknowledged as semi-detached properties nearest having an element of truth, it must also Finkle Street on its north side be accepted that the Conservation Area were excluded, but their and the village would be greatly traditional early 20th century enhanced if an alternative route could be character (though they are achieved. probably of later date) with good quality brickwork and Rosemary tiles warranted their inclusion. BOUNDARY CHANGES On the south side of Bryan Mere the cluster of (recent) properties When reviewed the 1974 map of the were judged to be successful in Conservation Area showed that there reflecting the character of the were some elements requiring review, village and included. Low Balk and these were discussed with the Parish Farm was excluded in 1974, Council. presumably because it was felt to be remote from the rest of the The following alterations have therefore designated Area. The inclusion been included in the present review: - of these three elements also consolidated the Conservation 1. Various adjustments to the Area in a significant part of the boundaries on the north and village, which is also an east sides of the Area. These important access point from the were needed because current south. guidance recommends that whenever possible Conservation 4. On the west side the area of land Area boundaries should follow to the west of Park End Farm, discernible features on the which had previously been ground, and although these may included, but which did not have been there in 1974 some appear to be under threat, was had been lost. deleted. By retaining in the Conservation Area the area of 2. On the south side, the boundary land to the north side of the was extended to include the site track leading into the farm from of the former Bishops Palace the west, this entry into the and a nearby pond. Further village from Market Weighton west it was also extended for along the A1079 has still been archaeological reasons to include protected. the well-preserved earthworks at

12 5. The Conservation Area was are also provisions within the Town and extended along York Road Country Planning Act 1990. (A1079) in order to include the ring-ditch of a prehistoric Government Policy and Guidance is set barrow, which the road presently out in Planning Policy Guidance Note straddles. 15 (PPG15) "Planning and the Historic Environment", dated September 1994 6. Also in the north-west corner of and available at the Conservation Area, the www.communities.gov.uk/planning original site of High Hall, and the medieval Archbishop’s The planning policy affecting Palace was included. This is one Conservation Areas in the East Riding is of the most important elements set at the Regional, Sub-regional, and of the medieval village plan and Local level. The Regional Spatial therefore warranted inclusion. Strategy (RSS) for Yorkshire and the (published May 2008) deals with the historic environment in Policy ENV9. This is developed at a Sub- regional level by the Joint Structure Plan (JSP) for and the East Riding of Yorkshire (adopted June 2005) in Policy Env6. At a Local level policies relevant to the Bishop Burton Conservation Area are currently contained in the Beverley Borough Local Plan (BBLP) (adopted June 1996), Policies E21, E22 and E25 through to E34. Other policies in this Plan can also View looking west from Finkle Street affect the Conservation Area, including those dealing with new residential and commercial development, Listed COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Buildings and archaeology.

This Appraisal was the subject of The JSP will be incorporated into the consultation with Bishop Burton Parish Local Development Framework (LDF), Council, affected residents and members which will also supersede the current of the public. Local Plan in due course.

The comments received were taken into This Appraisal will be used as a account before the review was presented background document in support of the to this council. relevant LDF Development Plan document and as a material planning consideration in the determination of PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT relevant planning applications.

The principal legislation covering Conservation Areas is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation LOCAL GENERIC GUIDANCE Areas) Act 1990, which provides the framework for designation, review and Beverley Borough-wide Local Plan, appraisal of Conservation Areas. There Policy E21 - E34.

13

Leaflet, "What Are Conservation Areas?" by East Riding of Yorkshire Council, Customer Services, County Hall, Beverley, HU17 9BA

USEFUL INFORMATION AND CONTACTS

Conservation Team, East Riding of Yorkshire Council, Customer Services, County Hall, Beverley, HU17 9BA

E-mail Address:

[email protected] .uk

Date: This review was adopted by East Riding of Yorkshire Council on th the 8 October 2008.

14

15