Report Template

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Report Template Ground Species Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Mean Cover Type April 16 tenuiculme Native forbs Pimelea liniifolia 2.5 2.5 1 and other spp. Cassytha glabella 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Selaginella 1 uliginosa Patersonia 0.5 sericea Pseudanthus 0.5 orientalis Native 22.05 shrubs ,<1m Boronia falcifolia 1 1 0.5 5 Baeckea imbricata 0.5 2.5 2.5 Baeckea 20 5 5 frutescens Leucopogon 0.5 20 0.5 5 leptospermoides Banksia 1 10 10 35 50 20 oblongifolia Strangea linearis 2.5 Leptospermum 5 liversidgei Leptospermum 5 1 1 semibaccatum Dilwynnia 0.5 5 floribunda Epacris pulchella 1 2.5 Sprengelia 1 sprengellioides Olax retusa 1 Grass Tree Xanthorrhoea 40 20 50 10 10 20 15 16.5 fulva Bare Ground 0 Leaf litter 22.5 36.5 48 19 27.5 43 17 23.5 20.5 49 30.65 Timber (>/= 10cm) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100% October 2017 Ground Species Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Mean Mean Cover April Sept. Type 16 16 Native Caustis 29.8 30.0 perennial recurvata 2.5 5 5 5 10 2.5 5 5 10 20 grass / sedges Sprodanthus 20 25 30 35 5 30 10 25 20 interuptus 75 Ground Species Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Mean Mean Cover April Sept. Type 16 16 Baloskion 2.5 tenuiculme Lomandra 5 10 elongata Lomandra sp. 0.5 2.5 2.5 1 1 5 (divided) Native forbs Pimelea liniifolia 2.5 1 1 0.85 1.2 and other Stackhousia spp. 1 1 1 nuda Burchardia 0.5 umbellata Cassytha 2.5 glabella Sellaginella 0.5 1 uliginosa Native 22.05 19.8 shrubs ,<1m Boronia falcifolia 5 Baeckea 1 1 2.5 imbricata Baeckea 20 10 5 2.5 1.5 frutescens Leucopogon 2.5 5 2.5 1 1 leptospermoides Banksia 2.5 5 5 10 40 40 oblongifolia Strangea 5 5 2.5 linearis Homoranthus 1 virgatus Epacris 0.5 pulchella Leptospermum 5 liversidgei Leptospermum 2.5 2.5 semibaccatum Ochrosperma 2.5 lineare Dilwynnia 2.5 1 2.5 2.5 floribunda Grass Tree Xanthorrhoea 16.5 14.5 20 15 60 10 10 10 20 fulva Cryptogams Bare 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0.75 Ground Exotic Pinus elliotii Shrubs 30.65 33.75 47 47.5 32 32.5 13 35.5 30.5 30.5 36.5 32.5 Leaf litter 76 Ground Species Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Mean Mean Cover April Sept. Type 16 16 Timber (>/= 10cm) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100% 100% Additional Species: Olax retusa, Hypolaena fastigiata, Xyris complanata, Pinus elliotii**, Drosera binata, , Schoenus calostachys, Stylidium tenerum. Structural / Floristic Summary BioCondition Attribute April 2017 October 2017 Native Plant Species Tree: . Richness Shrub: 13 Grass Tree 1 Grass / Sedge 7 Forbs and other: 9 Total Species No** 30 Native Shrubs Projected Canopy Cover – 22 26 Shrubs > 1m (%) Projected Canopy Cover – 1 5.2 Shrubs >0.5 to <1m (%) Native Ground cover (%): Native perennial grass / 29.8 30 sedge cover (%): Native shrubs (%) 22.05 19.8 Grass tree 16.5 14.5 Organic litter cover (%): 30.65 33.75 Native forb cover (%) 1 1.2 Coarse woody debris: Total length (m) of debris ≥ 0 0 10cm diameter and ≥0.5m in length per hectare Non-native plant cover Non-native Grasses% 0 0 Non-native shrubs % 0 0 **Excludes Exotic Species 77 Plot 6c – Centre to Start: April 2017 (Above) and October 2017 (Below). 78 April 2017 (Above) and October 2017 (Below). 79 Plot 6c – Centre to Left: April 2017 (Above) and October 2017 (Below). 80 Plot 6c – Centre to Right: April 2017 (Above) and October 2017 (Below). 81 Appendix B – Site / Species Table 82 Habit Family Species 5a_April 5b_April 5c_April 6a_April 6b_April 6c_April 5a_October 5b_October 5c_October 6a_October 6b_October 6c_October 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 Forb Blechnaceae Blechnum cartiligineum * Forb Colchicacea Burchardia umbellata * * * * * e Forb Dilleniaceae Hibbertia acicularis Forb Dilleniaceae Hibbertia salicifolia * * * * * * Forb Droseraceae Drosera binata * * * Forb Fabaceae Mirbellia rubiifolia Forb Iridaceae Patersonia sericea * * * * * * (fragilis) Forb Lauraceae Cassytha glabella * * * * * * * * * * * Forb Laxmanniac Laxmannia compacta eae Forb Laxmanniac Sowerbaea juncea eae Forb Orchidaceae Cryptostylis erecta * * * Forb Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea (sic) Forb Picrodendrac Pseudanthus orientalis * eae Forb Polygalacea Commosperma e sphaericum Forb Selaginellac Selaginella uliginosa * * * * eae Forb Stackhousia Stackhousia nuda * * * * * * * ceae Forb Thymeleace Pimelea linifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * ae Grass Poaceae Eriachne pallescens * * * * * * * * var. gracillis Grass Poaceae Themeda triandra Grass Xanthorrhoe Xanthorrhoea fulva * * * * * * * * * * * * tree aceae Grass Xanthorrhoe Xanthorrhoea johnsonii * * * * tree aceae Sedge / Cyperaceae Cyperus sp. (gracilis?) Rush Sedge / Cyperaceae Gahnia seiberiana * * Rush Sedge / Cyperaceae Hypolaena fastigiata * * * * * * * * Rush 83 Habit Family Species 5a_April 5b_April 5c_April 6a_April 6b_April 6c_April 5a_October 5b_October 5c_October 6a_October 6b_October 6c_October 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 Sedge / Cyperaceae Schoenus calostachys * Rush Sedge / Laxmanniac Lomandra elongata * * * * * * * * * * * Rush eae Sedge / Laxmanniac Lomandra longifolia * * * * * * * * * * Rush eae Sedge / Restionacea Baloskion heterophylla Rush e Sedge / Restionacea Baloskion tenuiculme * * * * * * * * * Rush e Sedge / Restionacea Caustis recurvata * * * * * * * * * * * * Rush e Sedge / Restionacea Leptocarpus tenax Rush e Sedge / Restionacea Sporodanthus * * * * * * * * * * * * Rush e interuptus Sedge / Xyridaceae Xyris complanata * * Rush Shrub Ericaceae Agiortia pedicellata * * * * * * * Shrub Ericaceae Epacris obtusifolia * * * Shrub Ericaceae Epacris pulchella * * * * * * * * * * * Shrub Ericaceae Leucopogon * * * * * * * * * * * leptospermoides Shrub Ericaceae Monotoca scoparia## Shrub Ericaceae Sprengelia * * * * * * sprengelioides Shrub Fabaceae Aotus lanigera * * * * * * * Shrub Fabaceae Dillwynia floribunda * * * * * * * * * * * Shrub Fabaceae Phyllota phylicoides * Shrub Fabaceae Pultenaea palaceae * * * Shrub Fabaceae Pultenaea robusta Shrub Mimosaceae Acacia baueri Shrub Mimosaceae Acacia flavesecens * * Shrub Mimosaceae Acacia sp, Shrub Myrtaceae Austromyrtus dulcis Shrub Myrtaceae Baeckea frutescens * * * * * * * * * * * * 84 Habit Family Species 5a_April 5b_April 5c_April 6a_April 6b_April 6c_April 5a_October 5b_October 5c_October 6a_October 6b_October 6c_October 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 Shrub Myrtaceae Baeckea imbricata * * * * * * * * * Shrub Myrtaceae Homoranthus virgatus * * * * Shrub Myrtaceae Leptospermum * * * * * * liversidgei Shrub Myrtaceae Leptospermum * * * * * * polygalifolium Shrub Myrtaceae Leptospermum * * * * * * * * * * * * semibaccatum Shrub Myrtaceae Melaleuca * * pachyphyllus Shrub Myrtaceae Melaleuca * * * quinquenervia Shrub Myrtaceae Ochrosperma lineare * * Shrub Olacaceae Olax retusa * * * * * Shrub Proteaceae Banksia aemula * * * * * Shrub Proteaceae Banksia oblongifolia * * * * * * Shrub Proteaceae Conospermum * * * * * taxifolium Shrub Proteaceae Persoonia virgata * * * * * * * * * * * * Shrub Proteaceae Strangea linearis * * * * * * * * * * * * Shrub Rutaceae Boronia falcifolia * * * * * * * * * * Tree Elaeocarpac Elaeocarpus reticulatus * * eae Tree Pinaceae Pinus elliottii** 85 Appendix C – Statistical Analysis Summary and Raw Data Shrub Cover Levene’s Test_Shrubs > 1m Apr Sept Apr Sept Apr Sept Apr 2017 Sept 2017 2016 2016 2017 2017 2016 2016 18.2 24.6 29.6 20.4 Media 20.5 17.8 21.1 20.7 n 19.4 18.6 20.2 24.4 Mean 21.23 17.533 20.5 19.96667 333 33 11.4 9.8 14 13.2 Varia 57.79 24.938 35.388 25.95867 nce 867 67 21.6 15 23.2 14.8 n 6 6 6 6 22.2 20.2 14 21 df 5 5 5 5 34.6 17 22 26 Leven e's Test 0.138 p 0.936 Cannot Reject Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Variances are the same) a 0.05 Levene’s Test_Shrubs >0.5 to <1m Apr Sept Apr Sept Apr Sept Apr 2017 Sept 2017 2016 2016 2017 2017 2016 2016 3.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 Media 3.9 4.2 1.5 4.4 n 1.4 3.4 1 3.6 Mean 5.633 5.2666 3.933333 6 333 67 2.6 1 1.4 0 Varia 18.15 18.074 17.81867 39.568 nce 067 67 11 11.8 10.4 17.6 n 6 6 6 6 11 8.8 8.2 7.8 df 5 5 5 5 4 5 1 5.2 Leven e's Test 0.166 p 0.918 Cannot Reject Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Variances are the same) a 0.05 Repeat Measures ANOVA_Shrubs > 1m Dat Dat Dat Dat ANOVA: Two Factor Without a1 a2 a3 a4 Replication Control 18.2 24.6 29.6 20.4 Source of SS df MS F P- F crit _Plot 5a Variation Value Control 19.4 18.6 20.2 24.4 Rows 396.428 5 79.285 3.6707 0.023 2.9012 _Plot 5b 3 67 27 95 Control 11.4 9.8 14 13.2 Columns 46.2583 3 15.419 0.7138 0.559 3.2873 _Plot 5c 3 44 82 82 Impact_Plot 21.6 15 23.2 14.8 Error 323.991 15 21.599 6a 7 44 Impact_Plot 22.2 20.2 14 21 6b 86 Impact_Plot 34.6 17 22 26 Total 766.678 23 6c 3 Rows Reject Null Hypothesis because p < 0.05 (Means are Different) Cannot Reject Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Means are the Columns same) Repeat Measures ANOVA_Shrubs >0.5 to <1m Data Data Data Data ANOVA: Two Factor Without 1 2 3 4 Replication Control Source of P- _Plot 5a 3.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 Variation SS df MS F Value F crit Control 419.988 83.997 26.210 2.9012 _Plot 5b 1.4 3.4 1 3.6 Rows 3 5 67 14 0.000 95 Control 14.6183 4.8727 1.5204 3.2873 _Plot 5c 2.6 1 1.4 0 Columns 3 3 78 73 0.250 82 Impact_Plot 48.0716 3.2047 6a 11 11.8 10.4 17.6 Error 7 15 78 Impact_Plot 6b 11 8.8 8.2 7.8 Impact_Plot 482.678 6c 4 5 1 5.2 Total 3 23 Rows Reject Null Hypothesis because p < 0.05 (Means are Different) Cannot Reject Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Means are the Columns same) Stem Density Levene’s Test_Stem Density Shrubs >0.5 to <1m Apr- Sep Apr- Oct- Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 16 -16 17 17 Control 79 85 75 67 Media 123.5 106.5 84.5 82.5 _Plot 5a n Control 80 62 68 72 Mean 129.5 102.16 81.5 84.66667 _Plot 5b 67 Control 51 32 33 35 Varian 4751.
Recommended publications
  • Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales
    Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales. Stephen A.J. Bell Eastcoast Flora Survey PO Box 216 Kotara Fair, NSW 2289, AUSTRALIA Abstract: Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation signiicance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of signiicant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classiication, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuytsia the Journal of the Western Australian Herbarium 28: 39–93 Published Online 20 January 2017
    B.L. Rye, An expanded circumscription and new classification ofRinzia (Chamelaucieae) 39 Nuytsia The journal of the Western Australian Herbarium 28: 39–93 Published online 20 January 2017 An expanded circumscription and new infrageneric classification of Rinzia (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae) Barbara L. Rye Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983 Abstract Rye, B.L. An expanded circumscription and new infrageneric classification of Rinzia (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae). Nuytsia 28: 39–93 (2017). The circumscription of Rinzia Schauer (Myrtaceae tribe Chamelaucieae DC.) is enlarged to encompass species with varied stamen arrangement, filament width and seed morphology. This revision of Rinzia s. lat. is based on both morphological and molecular evidence, and establishes five sections within the genus,Discolora Rye, Mesostemon Rye, Polyandra Rye, Semasperma Rye and the typical section. All sections occur in Western Australia, with three of them endemic to the south-west, while sect. Polyandra also occurs in central Australia and sect. Semasperma also occurs in south-eastern Australia. Three new combinations are made for species previously included within Baeckea L., and the new name R. orientalis Rye is published for B. crassifolia Lindl. Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra F.Muell. ex Benth. is raised to species rank as R. icosandra (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Rye. The other new combinations are R. ericaea (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Rye and R. polystemonea (F.Muell.) Rye. Four new Western Australian species are described as R. fimbriolata Rye & Trudgen, R. medifila Rye, R. torquata Rye & Trudgen and R. triplex Rye & Trudgen, and a new subspecies from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, as R.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Vegetation Of
    __________________________________________________________________________________________ FLORA AND VEGETATION OF AVIVA LEASE AREA Prepared for: URS Australia Pty Ltd on behalf of Aviva Corporation Ltd Prepared by: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd February 2009 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD URS0808/195/08 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD __________________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Location .............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Landforms and Soils ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Vegetation ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Declared Rare, Priority and Threatened Species ................................................................................. 4 2.6 Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC’s) ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • For Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Manuscript Draft
    Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: PPEES-D-15-00109R1 Title: Bird pollinators, seed storage and cockatoo granivores explain large woody fruits as best seed defense in Hakea Article Type: Research paper Section/Category: Keywords: Black cockatoo; Crypsis; Fruit and seed size; Granivory; Resprouter; Spinescence Corresponding Author: Prof. Byron Lamont, Corresponding Author's Institution: Curtin University First Author: Byron Lamont Order of Authors: Byron Lamont; Byron Lamont; Mick Hanley; Philip Groom Abstract: Nutrient-impoverished soils with severe summer drought and frequent fire typify many Mediterranean-type regions of the world. Such conditions limit seed production and restrict opportunities for seedling recruitment making protection from granivores paramount. Our focus was on Hakea, a genus of shrubs widespread in southwestern Australia, whose nutritious seeds are targeted by strong-billed cockatoos. We assessed 56 Hakea species for cockatoo damage in 150 populations spread over 900 km in relation to traits expected to deter avian granivory: dense spiny foliage; large, woody fruits; fruit crypsis via leaf mimicry and shielding; low seed stores; and fruit clustering. We tested hypothesises centred on optimal seed defenses in relation to to a) pollination syndrome (bird vs insect), b) fire regeneration strategy (killed vs resprouting) and c) on-plant seed storage (transient vs prolonged). Twenty species in 50 populations showed substantial seed loss from cockatoo granivory. No subregional trends in granivore damage or protective traits were detected, though species in drier, hotter areas were spinier. Species lacking spiny foliage around the fruits (usually bird-pollinated) had much larger (4−5 times) fruits than those with spiny leaves and cryptic fruits (insect-pollinated).
    [Show full text]
  • Floristics of the Banksia Woodlands on the Wallingup Plain in Relation to Environmental Parameters
    Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses : Honours Theses 2003 Floristics of the banksia woodlands on the Wallingup Plain in relation to environmental parameters Claire McCamish Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons Recommended Citation McCamish, C. (2003). Floristics of the banksia woodlands on the Wallingup Plain in relation to environmental parameters. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/359 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/359 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Plants and Animals in Kakadu National Park: a Review and Recommendations for Management
    Threatened plants and animals in Kakadu National Park: a review and recommendations for management John Woinarski Project NHTKNP01 Report to Parks Australia North. September 2004. J.C.Z. Woinarski Northern Territory Department of Infrastructure Planning and Environment PO Box 496 Palmerston Northern Territory, 0831 Cover photograph: Arnhem rock-rat Zyzomys maini (photo: Greg Miles) SUMMARY This report comprises three main sections. The first section is an introduction that lists the currently recognised threatened plant and animal species that occur within Kakadu National Park; describes the process and criteria for listing; notes the substantial discrepancies in lists between the last comprehensive review of Kakadu’s threatened species (1995) and this report; and notes also the substantial discrepancy between national and Northern Territory listings for threatened species occurring in Kakadu. The second, and largest, section provides more specific information on each threatened species, noting in particular the status of each species within Kakadu National Park, as well as providing a broader conservation and management context. The third section collates information on management and threats across the set of threatened species, and draws research and management priorities for Kakadu National Park. The species occurring in Kakadu National Park that are listed as threatened under national and/or Northern Territory legislation are tabulated below. The current listing comprises a total of 16 plant species (of which 6 are listed at national level) and 31 animal species (of which 16 are listed at national level). An additional plant species has been nominated to be added at the next revision of the NT list. Information is also presented on four threatened plant species with records from near Kakadu, and considered reasonably likely to occur within Kakadu.
    [Show full text]
  • Coolum Community Native Nursery ABN: 62 553 782 194
    Coolum Community Native Nursery ABN: 62 553 782 194 Authorised Propagator Queensland: APQ 056316 Protected Plant Growing Licence: WIGL18127217 March 2019 Stock List Prices, incl GST, at the end of this list. Please note these numbers vary with sales Ph: (07) 5473 9322 www.coolumnatives.com [email protected] 157 Warran Rd Yaroomba Qld 4573 Tuesday to Friday 7.30 - 3.30 & Saturday 8.30 - 12.30. (Open Monday by appointment). March 2019 Botanical Name Common Name Pot size Avail now in 1 month in 3months Abrophyllum ornans Native Hydrangea Tube 20 30 Acacia hubbardiana Prickly Moses Tube 230 Acacia longissima Narrow Leaved Wattle Tube 30 Acacia melanoxlon Blackwood Tubes 80 Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle Tube 170 Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses Tube 220 Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses 140ml pot 3 Acmena hemilampra Broad Leaved Lilly Pilly Tube 20 50 Adiatum hispidulum Rough Maiden Hair 140ml pot 10 Alectryon coriaceus Beach Birds Eye Tube 40 Allocauarina emuina Mt Emu Oak Tube 420 Allocasuarina littoralis River She Oak Tube 500 Allocasuarina thalassoscopica Mt Coolum She Oak Tube 100 50 Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak Tube 500 Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak 140ml pot 7 Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi lily Tube 4 Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi lily 140ml pot 25 10 Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi lily 200ml 7 Aotus lanigera Wooly Aotus Tube 120 Austromyrtus dulcis Midjim Berry Tube 400 200 250 Backhousia citriodora Lemon Myrtle 140ml pot 10 Baloskion pallens Pale Cordrush Tubes 30 Baloskion tetraphyllum Swamp foxtails 140ml pot 10 Banksia
    [Show full text]
  • Landcorp Denmark East Development Precinct Flora and Fauna Survey
    LandCorp Denmark East Development Precinct Flora and Fauna Survey October 2016 Executive summary Introduction Through the Royalties for Regions “Growing our South” initiative, the Shire of Denmark has received funding to provide a second crossing of the Denmark River, to upgrade approximately 6.5 km of local roads and to support the delivery of an industrial estate adjacent to McIntosh Road. GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) was commissioned by LandCorp to undertake a biological assessment of the project survey area. The purpose of the assessment was to identify and describe flora, vegetation and fauna within the survey area. The outcomes of the assessment will be used in the environmental assessment and approvals process and will identify the possible need for, and scope of, further field investigations will inform environmental impact assessment of the road upgrades. The survey area is approximately 68.5 ha in area and includes a broad area of land between Scotsdale Road and the Denmark River and the road reserve and adjacent land along East River Road and McIntosh Road between the Denmark Mt Barker Road and South Western Highway. A 200 m section north and south along the Denmark Mt Barker Road from East River Road was also surveyed. The biological assessment involved a desktop review and three separate field surveys, including a winter flora and fauna survey, spring flora and fauna survey and spring nocturnal fauna survey. Fauna surveys also included the use of movement sensitive cameras in key locations. Key biological aspects The key biological aspects and constraints identified for the survey area are summarised in the following table.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Space Landscape Infrastructure Manual DISCLAIMER
    Sunshine Coast Open Space Landscape Infrastructure Manual Planting www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au Index (INDEX) 1.0 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Explanatory notes for planting palette index ............................................................. 3 3.0 Index 6 Large / Tall Trees ....................................................................................................................... 7 Medium Trees .......................................................................................................................... 16 Small Trees ............................................................................................................................. 22 Large Shrubs ........................................................................................................................... 29 Small to Medium Shrubs ......................................................................................................... 34 Groundcovers, Borders and Tufted or Clumping Plants .......................................................... 40 Palms, Pandans, Cordylines, Cycads and Grass Trees .......................................................... 46 Ferns........................................................................................................................................48 Climbers...................................................................................................................................50
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Proteaceae with Special Reference to the Sydney Region
    951 Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region P.J. Myerscough, R.J. Whelan and R.A. Bradstock Myerscough, P.J.1, Whelan, R.J.2, and Bradstock, R.A.3 (1Institute of Wildlife Research, School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, NSW 2006; 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522; 3Biodiversity Research and Management Division, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW 1481) Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region. Cunninghamia 6(4): 951–1015. In Australia, the Proteaceae are a diverse group of plants. They inhabit a wide range of environments, many of which are low in plant resources. They support a wide range of animals and other organisms, and show distinctive patterns of distribution in relation to soils, climate and geological history. These patterns of distribution, relationships with nutrients and other resources, interactions with animals and other organisms and dynamics of populations in Proteaceae are addressed in this review, particularly for the Sydney region. The Sydney region, with its wide range of environments, offers great opportunities for testing general questions in the ecology of the Proteaceae. For instance, its climate is not mediterranean, unlike the Cape region of South Africa, south- western and southern Australia, where much of the research on plants of Proteaceae growing in infertile habitats has been done. The diversity and abundance of Proteaceae vary in the Sydney region inversely with fertility of habitats. In the region’s rainforest there are few Proteaceae and their populations are sparse, whereas in heaths in the region, Proteaceae are often diverse and may dominate the canopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Backhousia Citriodora F. Muell. (Lemon Myrtle), an Unrivalled Source of Citral
    foods Review Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. (Lemon Myrtle), an Unrivalled Source of Citral Ian Southwell Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: Lemon oils are amongst the highest volume and most frequently traded of the flavor and fragrance essential oils. Citronellal and citral are considered the key components responsible for the lemon note with citral (neral + geranial) preferred. Of the myriad of sources of citral, the Australian myrtaceous tree, Lemon Myrtle, Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. (Myrtaceae), is considered superior. This review examines the history, the natural occurrence, the cultivation, the taxonomy, the chemistry, the biological activity, the toxicology, the standardisation and the commercialisation of Backhousia citriodora especially in relation to its essential oil. Keywords: Backhousia citriodora; lemon myrtle; lemon oils; citral; geranial; neral; iso-citrals; citronellal; flavor; fragrance; biological activity 1. Introduction There are many natural sources of lemon oil or lemon scent. According to a recent ISO Strategic Business Plan [1], the top production of lemon oils comes from lemon (7500 Citation: Southwell, I. Backhousia tonne), Litsea cubeba (1700 tonne), citronella (1100 tonne) and Eucalyptus (now Corymbia) citriodora F. Muell. (Lemon Myrtle), citriodora (1000 tonne). Lemon oil itself, cold pressed from the peel of Citrus limon L., an Unrivalled Source of Citral. Foods Rutaceae, contains 2–3% of citral (geranial + neral) [2–4], the lemon flavor ingredient. 2021, 10, 1596. https://doi.org/ Consequently, the oil, along with numerous other citrus species, is used more for its high 10.3390/foods10071596 limonene (60–80%) and minor component content as a fragrance, health care additive [5] or solvent rather than a citral lemon flavor.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Biogeography in 3D: the Case of the Australian Proteaceae
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13348 PERSPECTIVE Ecology and biogeography in 3D: The case of the Australian Proteaceae Abstract (Figure 1a). The relative importance of each type of pressure has The key biophysical pressures shaping the ecology and evolution of varied over time and across space (Keeley, Pausas, Rundel, Bond, & species can be broadly aggregated into three dimensions: environ- Bradstock, 2011). For instance, in regions where the climate (e.g. arid mental conditions, disturbance regimes and biotic interactions. The or cold ecosystems) or substrate (e.g. wetlands) is relatively extreme, relative importance of each dimension varies over time and space, environmental factors (temperature, water availability, salinity) are and in most cases multiple dimensions need to be addressed to ade- likely to play a major role in shaping species traits and distributions. quately understand the habitat and functional traits of species at Under intermediate and seasonal climatic conditions (e.g. tropical broad spatial and phylogenetic scales. However, it is currently com- savannas, mediterranean ecosystems), disturbance is likely to play a mon to consider only one or two selective pressures even when major role (Bond, Woodward, & Midgley, 2005; Keeley, Bond, Brad- studying large clades. We illustrate the importance of the all-inclu- stock, Pausas, & Rundel, 2012). In contrast, under benign and largely sive multidimensional approach with reference to the large and ico- aseasonal conditions (e.g. rain forests), species interactions are pre- nic plant family,
    [Show full text]