Software Installations
Command-line Method
Tuesday, August 09, 2011 Command-line Installation of Applications
• It is possible to install a .app, .dmg or .pkg file from the command line in a terminal window. • To download an installation or image file from the web within the terminal you can use the curl command • Ex: curl -O http://git-osx- installer.googlecode.com/files/git-1.7.3.4-x86_64- leopard.dmg • This will drop the .dmg file into your current working directory. • To copy an installation or image file from one machine to another use the scp command • Ex: scp –r Thunderbird.app user@machine:/path/to/file
Command-line mounting of .dmg
1. Mount the .dmg file with the hdiutil command 1. Ex: hdiutil attach Mac_OS_X_10.4_10.6_Kerberos_Extras.dmg • Mounted .dmg files get added under the /Volumes directory. 2. Once mounted, the contents of the .dmg image can installed. 3. Detach the mounted volume when installation is complete. • Ex: hdiutil detach /Volumes/MIT\ Kerberos\ Extras/
Command-line Installation of .(m)pkg • Use the installer command to install .(m)pkg files • Ex: sudo installer -pkg ~/Desktop/memtest\ 4.22.pkg/ -target / • -pkg tells the installer command the location of the .(m)pkg file • -target tells the installer the target *volume* to be installed to. • The command line installation will not reboot the system post install. If reboot is needed this will need to be done manually.
Command-line Installation of .app • Copy the .app directory to the /Applications directory • Ex: sudo cp -a ./Thunderbird.app /Applications/ • -a tells the copy command to preserve all file attributes and structures • Be careful not to place a „/‟ at the end of the source directory. A trailing / will tell the cp command to copy everything inside the directory but not the directory itself.
Software Installations
Macports Method http://guide.macports.org/
MacPorts
• MacPorts is an easy to use system for compiling, installing, and managing open source software, similar to Free BSD ports. • A MacPorts port is a set of specifications contained in a Portfile that defines an application, its characteristics, and any files or special instructions required to install it. • MacPorts is typically used to install different open source packages such as developer tools and libraries. • Fink is a system similar to MacPorts which behaves more like a Linux package management tool but is very similar to MacPorts. • http://www.finkproject.org/
MacPorts Advantages:
• Use a single command to tell MacPorts to automatically download, compile and install applications and libraries. • Installs automatically any required support software, known as dependencies, for a given port. • Provides for uninstalls and upgrades for installed ports. • Confines ported software to a private “sandbox” that keeps it from intermingling with your operating system and its vendor-supplied software. • Allows you to create pre-compiled binary installers of ported applications to quickly install software on remote computers without compiling from source code.
Installing MacPorts
• By default, MacPorts will not be installed unless running on versions previous to Snow Leopard (10.6).
1. Install X11 (if not already installed). 1. Insert the “Mac OS X Install Disk” and run the package named “Optional Installs”. 2. At the software selection window, expand the Applications category and click the “check box” beside X11 (and nothing else). 3. Click “Install” to install X11. 4. Select all the default options. 5. Note: If you do not have the OS disk handy you can download the package from http://xquartz.macosforge.org/trac/wiki/X112.5.0
Installing MacPorts
2. Install Xcode Tools: 1. Download the Xcode tools: 1. From the App store. 2. From http://developer.apple.com/xcode/. You must register as a developer with Apple before downloading. 3. Use your system CD 2. Install the package with the standard default options. 3. Run system update to patch product. Installing MacPorts
3. Install MacPorts: 1. Download the latest .dmg file from http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/ and launch the installer. Select the “easy” install. • Note: If you want to install from source see: http://guide.macports.org/#installing.macports.source • This process is a bit more complicated and beyond the scope of this presentation. 2. The MacPorts installer will need to set some variables for your terminal window. If you have a pre-existing .profile or .bashrc file be sure to copy the contents into the newly created file. Using MacPorts
• To list the currently available version of the specified port: • port list
Using MacPorts
• To remove intermediate files that MacPorts creates while building a port: • sudo port clean --all
Using MacPorts
• To update MacPorts itself: • sudo port selfupdate • View outdated ports: • port outdated • To upgrade a specified port: • sudo port upgrade