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Bay of Fundy, 2011: Taking the Annual Pulse of Right Whales

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Bay of Fundy, 2011: Taking the Annual Pulse of Right Whales Volume 20, Number 2 December 2011 In this issue: Bay of Fundy, 2011: Taking the Bay of Fundy, 2011: Taking the Annual Pulse of Right Whales Annual Pulse of Right Whales Other Research Projects Moira Brown and Amy Knowlton Surveys for Wind Energy Development Plannng Fog, wind, rain and a hurricane or Canada, and updating data on scarring Muddy Right Whales and Risk two—despite the challenges of weather, and health for each animal. Essentially from Fishing Gear we can never wait to get back to the Bay our research in Fundy allows us to take of Fundy for our annual right whale the pulse of the population. In 2011, our Update on Injury, Entanglement survey. Based out of Lubec, Maine, the efforts yielded 411 sightings of at least and Mortality New England Aquarium’s right whale 140 different right whales, slightly less Population Update researchers have seized every good than the annual average of 164 animals Update on 2011 Calves weather opportunity in August and between 2005 and 2009, but over twice September for the last 32 years to steam the number seen in 2010 (only 62 right Sponsored Whale Update 25 to 35 nautical miles out into the Bay of whales). We were relieved that last year’s 2011 Consortium Meeting Fundy and photographically “capture” as low count was not the beginning of a many right whales as possible. On the bad new trend. weather days we pour over photographs: Our emotions ranged from excitement Editor matching our new sightings to the right (seeing more than 60 right whales a day Marilyn Marx whale Catalog to augment life histories in mid-September and a new mother/ of each whale seen, documenting which calf pair —Legato (Catalog # 1802) Contributors mother/calf pairs seen on the Southeast and her calf—who appeared in the Bay Moira Brown Heather Pettis U.S. calving ground have survived the of Fundy on our second to last survey Marianna Hagbloom Jessica Taylor migration to the waters of Atlantic Continued on page 2 Philip Hamilton Amanda Thompson Amy Knowlton Brooke Wikgren Scott Kraus Monica Zani In this newsletter all photographs of right whales in U.S. waters were taken under NMFS/NOAA permit under the authority of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Right Whale Research News is produced and published by the New England Aquarium. We welcome your comments and suggestions! Read more about a particular aspect of our project at www.neaq.org. Portia (Catalog #3293) lifts her graceful flukes high in the air at sunset before diving in the Bay of Fundy in September. Photo: Marianna Hagbloom/NEAq 2 Bay of Fundy, 2011 Continued from page 1 Other Research Projects Surveys for In addition to our standard photo-ID day) to concern, as there was a notable work done from the R/V Nereid, often Wind Energy evidence of graying skin, skin lesions, there are other projects going on at the and thinness for some animals. This is same time. This year there were two Development reminiscent of how the animals looked in such studies. the late 1990s and coincided with lower The first was a pilot study to collect Planning than average calving rates for about four samples of right whale blows. The years (1997-2000). We don’t know if project was designed and carried out by Jessica Taylor the population is again heading in this Aquarium scientists Dr. Kathleen Hunt, There is an increasing need to produce direction of low calving—time will tell. Dr. Roz Rolland, and Dr. Scott Kraus on alternative energy. With offshore The last two survey days brought the R/V Callisto. The blow samples were wind in the federal waters south of more concern with entangled whale being collected and analyzed to see if stress hormones can be detected. If Massachusetts estimated to be capable of Catalog #3302 sighted on September they can be detected, this would provide producing approximately 4 gigawatts of 26 and Catalog #3111 sighted on an additional tool to monitor stress in electricity, enough to power 70 percent September 27 (See Update on Right Whale this population. Previous studies on of Massachusetts households, wind Injury...). These sightings prompted stress have been successfully carried is a valuable potential energy source. considerable efforts from our research out using fecal samples, but fecal A prerequisite for offshore renewable team along with the Campobello samples are much harder to come by. energy development is determining Whale Rescue Team, Canadian Whale The second project is a multiyear study appropriate sites where the impact to Institute and Coastwise Consulting to of mother/calf behaviors (both visual natural habitats would be minimal. try to relocate and disentangle these and acoustic) under the direction of Prospective development sites may be animals. Catalog #3111 was partially Dr. Susan Parks, a senior research in outer continental shelf waters, where disentangled, but Catalog #3302 was associate from Penn State University. there has been limited or no research not relocated for disentanglement. The This year the studies were undertaken performed in the past due to difficulties prognosis for both animals is unclear by Lisa Conger, Jenny Tennessen and in reaching these distant areas, as well and will have to await future sightings. Kelly Slivka, who were able to conduct several mother/calf follows during their as associated high costs. As always, with Boats are hauled, and with another few days at sea, so their study is off to any proposed change to a habitat, it is Bay of Fundy field season in the record a good start! essential to retrieve baseline data to which books, the team is shackled to their an altered state can be compared to assess computers at the Aquarium the impact. analyzing data. Our thoughts This fall, the New England Aquarium turn toward putting the data was awarded an 18-month contract to work through meetings, from the Massachusetts Clean Energy deliberations and scientific Technology Center (MassCEC) to publications as we keep survey an area of federal water extending chipping away at the mystery approximately 40 nautical miles south of of the right whale and how Nantucket Island for large whales and best to help it survive. sea turtles over the course of one year. For details of our day-to-day This effort is a collaboration among the activities and photographs Aquarium, University of Rhode Island, and videos of the researchers Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies and whales in action during the field season, please visit our blog. and Cornell University, which are now rightwhales.neaq.org known collectively as the Northeast Large Pelagic Survey Collaborative (NLPSC). The goal is to perform two aerial surveys per month (with additional surveys in response to biological hotspots or areas of particular interest) using a twin engine Cessna Skymaster airplane with two pilots from ASSIST U.S. and to deploy acoustic detection buoys called “pop-ups” to continuously detect and Continued on page 3 3 Wind Energy Surveys Continued from page 2 record any vocalizations of blue, fin, right, humpback and minke whales. Both the aerial and acoustic methods will provide a year-long assessment of how large whales and sea turtles are utilizing these offshore waters. MassCEC requires a year’s worth Survey crew left to right: Bob Lynch, of seasonal migratory data to inform PCCS; Jessica Taylor, NEAq; Richard the federal offshore leasing process. Jackson and Scott Patten, ASSIST-U.S. Photo: Dick Pierce/ The first aerial survey was performed BroadOakStudios.com on October 9. Two observers in the rear seats scanned for large whales, while This represents a huge the automated digital SLR camera advancement toward assessing mounted in the belly port of the plane seasonal migration and collected vertical photographic data at habitat use in this region, 5-second intervals for turtles. Aerial as well as contributing Imaging Solutions (AIS) developed and to informed decisions for customized the camera mount system offshore renewable energy and data logging program. Each geo- development. And we will referenced image will be reviewed after be keeping a close eye out the survey to determine the density of for right whales to see if sea turtles along the plane’s track. they are migrating through Cartography: Brooke Wikgren/ NEAq We are proud to be an integral part this area at certain times of of this collaborative effort and are very year. Stay tuned for updates curious to see what we find out there. in our next newsletters! Muddy Right Whales and Risk from Fishing Gear Scott D. Kraus and Philip K. Hamilton Entanglements in fishing gear are a Gulf of Maine (1.1 percent). Not all sea of groundline entanglement is a function known source of injury and mortality floor substrate is mud, so these records of the behavior and morphology of right for right whales in the western North may underestimate the rate at which right whales, and the height of groundlines Atlantic, but information needed to whales encounter the ocean floor. from the ocean floor. The muddy right determine risk factors (location, season, Concerns about entanglement risk whale data suggest that in the U.S., depth, gear type and diving behavior) led to regulations in 2009 that required the sinking rope rule may significantly is limited. However, one valuable piece the rope connecting traps or pots along reduce the likelihood of groundline of data to help us understand how right the bottom (called groundlines) to sink entanglements. It’s amazing what you whales use the water column is that they or lie on the bottom in U.S. waters. Risk can learn from mud on a whale’s head! sometimes make contact with the ocean floor (for reasons we aren’t entirely sure of—feeding, scratching their heads, or simply a mistake?) and their heads get covered with mud! We evaluated all bottom encounters by right whales from photographs of whales with mud on their heads and bodies.
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