2021 / ISSUE 235
TRACK COACH Spring 2021 — 235
The official technical TRAINING THE DUAL HURDLER . . . . . 7488 publication of ADDRESSING THE CONFUSION WITHIN USA Track & Field PERIODIZATION RESEARCH . . . . . 7495 THOUGHTS AND APPLICATIONS OF GRIT IN A TRACK & FIELD WORLD . . . . . 7501 FROM THE MAILBOX . . . . . 7507 USATF COACHING EDUCATION . . . . . 7510 TRACK FROM THE EDITOR COACH RUSS EBBETS FORMERLY TRACK TECHNIQUE
235 — SPRING 2021 TRUE GRIT
The official technical publication of USA Track & Field
ED FOX...... PUBLISHER RUSS EBBETS...... EDITOR Gather any group of coaches and let the topic turn to “the one that TERESA TAM...... PRODUCTION & DESIGN got away” and the stories will flow. It’s not that one coach is trying FRED WILT...... FOUNDING EDITOR to one-up the previous coach it’s just that the recurrent loss of talent is universal, it seems to happen to everyone to everyone’s eternal disappointment. PUBLICATION I had a HS coach call me once whose recent grad decided to “get back Track Coach is published quarterly by into it” and had been jumping on his own. The coach told me the kid Track & Field News, 2570 W. El Camino Real, #220, jumped 26’4” out at the HS pit. I asked the coach if he realized what he Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. was saying. He paused a few seconds and then told me the guy actually jumped 27’4” but he was afraid if he told me that, I’d think he was crazy. The Summer 2021 issue (No. 236) He brought the guy over to have me watch him jump. He looked like a of Track Coach will be e-mailed to clone of Willie Banks. The guy said he wasn’t feeling well and wasn’t sure subscribers in August 2021. how he would do. I thought, “Here we go…” The guy warmed up, used a 10-step approach and popped a 25’10”. I measured it. He said his leg hurt. SUBSCRIPTIONS I’d seen enough. We talked. To my knowledge he never competed again. He $19.95 per year, U.S. or foreign. never went anywhere with this talent. Track Coach became a digital-only publication in 2015. Track & Field News The management or development of talent has been a topic of discussion subscribers get free access to since the gladiators. A new concept pops up every so often that changes all Track Coach articles. the way people think about doing things. It creates a paradigm shift that can See www.trackandfieldnews.com. significantly alter the way things get done or how the methodology of achievement Click on “subscribe” is accomplished. Angela Duckworth’s “grit” is such a concept.
BACK ISSUES OF If you are not versed in the back story of how the hoopla surrounding grit has TRACK COACH emerged, it is worth a mention. Duckworth is a clinical psychologist who was contacted by West Point to see if she could pinpoint why some West Point cadets Many back issues of Track Technique/ graduate and why others drop out. It bears notice that acceptance to the service Track Coach, #111-208, are available singly at $5.50 (U.S. delivery)/ academies is highly selective. All, read that as “all,” candidates have an exemplary $9.50 (foreign delivery) each high school record that includes significant academic achievement, athletic prowess postpaid. No issues previous and budding leadership qualities through participation in the boy/girl scouts, student to #111 are available. government or some other service opportunity in their home communities. Bottom line, we are talking about the “best and brightest,” not slackers who spent their formative To order, send your check to years in the detention hall staring at a white wall.
Track Coach But the allure of early morning marches, push-ups and “sir, yes sir, may I have another?” 2570 W El Camino Real, may quickly wear thin and the thin gray line starts to get thinner. And this is a problem Suite 220, Mountain View, CA 94040 CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE
TRACK COACH — 7486 EDITORIAL COLUMN job just a little too seriously. In no time (Microsoft Word—GRIT Questionnaire. Continued from page 7486 you are cursed with the uncertainty docx (wordpress.com)). The quiz is whether you should ping (double time), public domain and the analysis is pop-off (answer in military lingo) or included. The scale is 0 to 5 with 5.0 as the people who don’t make the grade pray to Odin (Norse deity, protector being the most gritty. This might be a carry the “failure” stigma forever, even of heroes who controls the elements). worthwhile pursuit, especially with older though just months before they were The slightest resistance can change athletes endeavoring to squeeze those viewed as talented, gifted and brilliant. hell week to hell-life. last ounces of talent from a career, but What happened? Or more accurately, it can also be formative for a newbie why did this happen? And what can But some do make it, in fact most do, to illustrate that with a little more stick- be done to stop the Academy from and what Duckworth and her research to-it-iveness hurdles can be hurdled. bleeding talent? team found is that the secret quality of Grit is seen by Duckworth as a skill those who do make it is grit also defined that with diligence, some directed One of the changes the new cadets face as perseverance or stick-to-it-iveness. thought and conscientious application is how to deal with setbacks, challenges Interestingly, there is nothing new here can change over time. Is it easy to do? and outright failure. One of the common as anyone who has read Think and Grow Personal changes are rarely easy, if they denominators the incoming cadets Rich by Napoleon Hill will recognize the were everyone would do them. Role share is a continual history of success. magic to Hill’s classic from almost 80 models, directed practice and a never These people were class presidents, years ago was persistence. give up/find a way attitude all can help. team MVP’s and academic whizzes Our sport is a goal-directed one and who have not earned these laurels by The challenge then becomes how can any coach with even the least amount hanging out with the burnouts smoking one teach or learn to be more persistent, of experience knows that behavioral cigarettes on a street corner. We’re more gritty? Can this be trained in? And changes, however slight can often make talking cadets who at 14-years-old if it can what are the necessary steps a profound difference on the physical had the next 50 years planned out or methods to use when dealing with manifestation of desired goals. in quadrennial segments, along with individuals vs. groups, men vs. women retirement plans A, B and C. or the highly successful vs. the highly The loss of talent we have all seen unsuccessful? is tragic in a sense. You hope for the Upon arrival at West Point, one is ripped best for your athletes and the thoughts from one’s past as you have 90 seconds The advantage Duckworth has had over of what could have been ultimately to say goodbye to your family. The Hill is some 80 years of trial and error proves to be unproductive and wasteful. cadets are dropped into an alternate that are now confirmed with mountains Someone else always comes along. reality where directives are screamed of anecdotal stories backed up by Accepting this, the task then becomes to a population who may have never boatloads of statistical data. to practice the right things, do the right been reprimanded in their previous lives. things for the “next time” when the uncut Welcome to the brave new world. You’re Grit can be measured with a simple diamond, the world beater shows up, transported to an environment where 12-question multiple choice quiz Odin gives you the nod and the rest of the only thing certain is the impossibly downloadable from the Internet the story is history. demanding Firstie who takes his or her THE POLE VAULT A VIOLENT BALLET By David Butler Foreword by Scott Huffman & Tim Mack / Introduction by Jim Bemiller Facebook: The Vault: How Bamboo Steel & Fiberglass changed our lives
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TRACK COACH — 7487 TRAINING THE DUAL HURDLER
A look into the world of a coach who is confronted with the challenges and issues of designing a training program for the hurdler who wishes to compete in both the sprint hurdles and the intermediate hurdles.
BY MIKE THORSON, FORMER DIRECTOR OF TRACK & FIELD/CROSS COUNTRY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARY
We live in a world of specialization in the training for the two events. ##Speed Endurance Runs of 95- and track & field is no different. We One of the first tasks for the coach 100% of maximum over 60-150m or are seeing fewer and fewer hurdlers is to blend the correct amount 7-20 seconds of running. Recovery who train and compete in both the of speed, speed endurance, and can vary between 2’-5’ for reps and sprint hurdles and the intermediate special endurance 1 and 2 into a 8’-12’ for sets. hurdles. Most are collegiate hurdlers total training package. First, let us and typically designate one of the review speed and speed endurance. *Example: 3 x 80m @ 95-100% races as their specialty by the time An explanation of each and sample intensity from a four-point stance they reach the post-season. training sessions are included. with 4-5 minutes rest, 10 minutes recovery followed by 1 x 150m with Although a hurdler may select a SPEED/SPEED spikes @ 95% intensity. primary event, that doesn’t change ENDURANCE/SPECIAL the task that a hurdle coach will ENDURANCE 1 & 2 ##Special Endurance 1 Runs of face if he is asked to design a train- 95-100% of maximum over 150- ing program for the dual hurdler. ##Speed Runs of 95-100% intensity 300m or 20-40 seconds of run- The challenges are numerous and over 30-60m or up to six seconds ning. Recovery is complete or near they can be difficult. The coach is of running. Recovery is typically complete-up to 20’-30’. essentially being asked to teach complete. toward two quite different models. *Example: 2 x 200m with spikes But while there are many differences * Example: 4 x 40m blasts with @ 95% intensity with 6 minutes and some can be very problematic, spikes from blocks @100% intensity recovery, 10 minutes recovery be- there are also many commonalities with 5-6 minutes recovery per rep. tween set, 1 x 300m with spikes @
TRACK COACH — 7488 95-100% intensity.
##Special Endurance 2 Runs of 95-100% of maximum over 300- 600m or 40 seconds of running or more. Recovery is typically com- plete—20’-30’.
*Example: 2 x 200m with spikes @ 95% intensity with 8 minutes recovery, 12 minutes recovery be- tween set, 1 x 350m with spikes @ 95-100% intensity
Although some coaches are hesitant to “mix and match” energy training systems, we have long employed this method very successfully. It is an essential component in training the Air Force Academy some The dual hurdle coach, too, is the dual hurdler. A couple of workout years ago) always in a battle of time constric- examples used by the Marauders: tions, attempting to limit training DUAL HURDLER TRAINING sessions to two hours or less (our A. 2 x Flying 40m on the turn with CONSIDERATIONS goal is actually 90 minutes) and spikes at maximum speed (5 always keeping foremost in mind minutes recovery) 2 x 150m One of the most difficult tasks for the that athletes can only be stressed with spikes @ 98%(6 minutes coach is assuring that the hurdler at the highest levels for approxi- Recovery) 1 x 300m with spikes is obtaining the correct amount of mately three minutes per training with hurdles 1-4 on marks from speed endurance, and at the same session, again per Ralph Mann. The blocks at race pace time, is recovered enough to carry great coaches always have the big out the required speed and hurdle- picture in mind, and are constantly B. 2 x 150m @ 98% with spikes specific training requirements for monitoring the percentage of time (6 minutes recovery) 1 x 300m the shorter hurdle event. This is a their athletes are spending on the @ 98% with spikes (10 minutes difficult balancing act, especially with track, strength training and with recovery) 1 x 200m @ race pace the athlete needing to be basically regeneration /recovery. with spikes with hurdles 1-4 on fatigue-free for the sessions where marks hurdle rhythm is trained. A major issue that will confront the mentor of a combined hurdler is Note: 98% equals maximum This is compounded by the fact that regeneration. Some coaches fail speed in a training setting much of the 400m hurdle training to remember that one of the basic results in velocity fatigue that laws of training is that adaption Note: It is extremely important disrupts and diminishes the training takes place during recovery. They for the hurdler to run the correct of the correct motor patterns for the neglect to build it in to their train- “race pace” in the intervals with short hurdles. This can often lead ing cycles, thus missing a critically hurdles on the correct marks to a coach instilling the incorrect important training component for the in order to obtain the proper or wrong motor patterns for the dual hurdler’s success. Additionally, hurdle rhythm and race distribu- 100/110m hurdler. As biomechanist many of today’s athletes will need tion (Our goal is a 5% variance Ralph Mann says in “The Mechanics more recovery than in the past. between the first and second of Sprinting and Hurdling,” hurdlers The typical athlete that coaches 200 in regards to distribution, are oftentimes not meeting the work with today is most certainly remembering that earmark from demands of their race in training. a product of his/her environment a clinic by Ralph Lindeman of and quite often cannot handle the
TRACK COACH — 7489 hurdles. It is further compounded if you train in a cold weather cli- mate that forces the athlete to train indoors for up to five months out of the year (which sometimes can be the case for programs in the Midwest). That is one of the major reasons coaches from the Midwest include 400 Hurdle training in the Fall months prior to the indoor.
Speaking of indoors, the undercover season is a critical preparation pe- riod for the combined hurdler that many coaches bypass. Coaches should always be mindful of the old adage: “You are what you train to be.” In addition to competing in the workloads and intensity of athletes ful for the athlete who needs both 60m hurdles, there are a number from yester years without the proper, speed endurance and fatigue-free of indoor events that can prepare and oftentimes, more recovery. training. The dual hurdle coach the athlete for the 10-barrier sprint should always be mindful that the hurdles and the intermediate hurdles Another major concern that needs 400 Hurdles, as one coach so aptly when the athlete moves to the to be addressed is the recovery/ put it, “is the only event that requires outdoor season. The 200m, 400m, fatigue factor as it relates to strength an athlete to perform a technical ma- 600m and the 4 x 400m relay are training. It is very clear that the dual neuver while in anaerobic distress.” all events available to the hurdler hurdler will need to have a modi- indoors that can greatly contribute fied strength training program. Our That in itself presents a number of to the sequence and progression of program typically will see our dual concerns for the dual hurdle director. training and, ultimately, success for hurdlers lift only once per week Combining the need (twice a week with the second for endurance and session very light in some cases) quality speed and hur- during the competitive phase of the dle rhythm sessions season with what we term basically that simulate actual a maintenance program. We rely competition may be very heavily on Fall hill work and the biggest challenge. functional training emphasizing The “ideal” training plyometrics, circuit training, and for the hurdler is actual core training to meet our strength meets…competition. requirement needs. Thus, an everyday goal of the coach is We believe, too, that the best form to mimic competition of strength training for a sprinter/ as closely as pos- hurdler is actual sprinting. sible. And that can be extremely challenging. A training program like ours that is characterized by low volume, Another obstacle that high intensity and large amounts faces the coach is of recovery will lend itself to suc- obtaining quality rep- cess for the dual hurdler. The low etitions to build a race volume training is especially help- model for the 400
TRACK COACH — 7490 We have provided a number of actual training weeks to offer a peek into the training of the combined hurdler, with two weeks from the Fall training period, two from the indoor season and two from the outdoor campaign:
Week 6 (Fall Training Phase) October 10 Monday, October 10—2 x 2 x300m @ 800m pace in flats (2 minutes recovery/4 minutes set) 3 x 150m @ 95% with spikes (4) Strength Training Tuesday, October 11—Hurdle Technique Med Ball Circuit--Orange Wednesday, October 12—Recovery Circuit/ Barefoot Drills Abs, Strength Training Thursday, October 13—Hurdle Technique followed by 1 x 350m @ 95% with spikes (10 minutes Recovery) 2 x 150m @ 90% with spikes (4 minutes recovery) Strength Training Friday, October 14—Hills-2 x 50m, 3 x 100m, 4 x 150m Med Ball Circuit—Blue Saturday, October 15—Rest Sunday, October 16—Recovery—15 minutes Stationary Bike or Elliptical
Week 11 (Fall Training Phase) November 26 Monday, November 26—2 x 350m @ 95% with spikes (10 minutes recovery) 2 x 150m @ 95% with spikes (5 minutes recovery) Abs, Strength Training Tuesday, November 27—Hurdle Technique Med Ball—Go Big Orange Wednesday, November 28—Recovery— Stationary Bike-15 minutes, Barefoot Drills, Abs, Strength Training Thursday, November 29—Hurdle Technique Med Ball Circuit—Little Marauder Friday, November 30—4 x 300m @ 85% with flats (5 minutes recovery) Abs Saturday, December 1—Rest Sunday, December 2—Recovery—15 minutes Stationary Bike
Week 19 ( Indoor Competition Phase) January 15 Monday, January 15—Hurdle Technique, Flying 30’s Strength Training Tuesday, January 16—1 x 300m-200m with spikes @ 98% (12 minutes recovery) Med Ball Circuit—Blue Wednesday, January 17—Recovery—No warmup—Stationary Bike 15 minutes Easy Abs Strength Training (Light) Thursday, January 18—Hurdle Technique Med Ball Circuit—Go Big Orange Friday, January 19—Pre Meet Warmup Saturday, January 20—South Dakota State, Brookings, SD (Competition) Sunday, January 21—Recovery—20 minutes Elliptical
Week 21 ( Indoor Competition Phase) January 29 Monday, January 29—Hurdle Technique, 1 x 350m with spikes @ 98% (12 minutes recovery) 2 x 150m with spikes @ 98% (6 minutes recovery) Strength Training Tuesday, January 30—Recovery Circuit Abs Med Ball Circuit—Orange Wednesday, January 31—Hurdle Technique, 1 x 200m with spikes @ 98% (10 minutes recovery) 2 x 150m with spikes @ 95% with 2 hurdles (random spacing) (5 minutes recovery) Strength Training (Light) Thursday, February 1—Recovery—Warmup followed by 10 minutes Stationary Bike Med Ball Cir- cuit—Little Marauder Friday, February 2—Pre Meet Warmup Saturday, February 3—NDSU, Fargo, ND (Competition) Sunday, February 4—Recovery—Warmup, Light Accels with flats
TRACK COACH — 7491 Week 28 (Outdoor Competition Phase) March 19 Monday, March 19—1 x 350m with spikes @95% (12 minutes recovery) 1 x 300m with spikes at 95% with hurdles 1 & 2 on mark Strength Training Tuesday, March 20—Hurdle Technique, Flying 40’s on turn Med Ball Circuit-- Blue Wednesday, March 21—1st Hurdle 400 H x 3, 1 x 300m with spikes @ 95% Strength Training (Light) Thursday, March 22—Hurdle Technique Med Ball Circuit-- Orange Friday, March 23—Pre Meet Warmup Saturday, March 24—Black Hills State, Spearfish, SD (Competition) Sunday, March 25—Recovery—15 minutes Elliptical
Week 30 (Outdoor Competition Phase) April 2 Monday, April 2—1 x 250m with spikes @ 95% (12) 2 x 200m with spikes with hurdles 1-4 on marks @ race pace (10) Strength Training Tuesday, April 3—Hurdle Technique, 400H Shuttle Med Ball Circuit—Go Big Orange Wednesday, April 4—1 x 300m with spikes with hurdles 1-6 (12 minutes recovery) 2 x 200m with spikes @ 95% (10 minutes recovery) No Strength Training Thursday, April 5—Light Hurdle Technique Abs Med Ball Circuit—Go Big Orange Friday, April 6—Pre Meet Warmup Saturday, April 7—Al Bortke Invitational, Bismarck, ND (Competition) Sunday, April 8—Recovery—20 minutes Stationary Bike
Note: As noted earlier, 98% is basically maximum speed in a training setting
the dual hurdler. The speed compo- as well) our hurdle technique speed It is critical that the coach of dual nent and the speed endurance and sessions are what we term “com- hurdlers not over-drill. There is no special endurance 1 and 2 training bined” hurdle workouts where we question that drills are extremely required for those events will greatly prepare hurdlers for both events. important. But only meaningful enhance the success of hurdlers From a mechanical and technical drills that serve an actual purpose who compete in both events during perspective, there is a great deal and have the highest degree of the outdoor campaign. of “carry-over” and the sprint hur- transfer should be included on the dler is a better 400m hurdler as a training menu. Anything else is It is very apparent that oftentimes result. And vice-versa. There is no quite senseless and actually takes very good indoor 60m hurdlers do question the 400 hurdle training will away energy that the hurdler will not reach the same levels of excel- strengthen the sprint hurdler. need for far more important training. lence outdoors where they lack the Ludwig Svoboda, a hurdle coach necessary speed endurance over 10 Our program certainly doesn’t ne- from Czechoslovakia, said it best hurdles. With the required training glect the speed endurance energy when he concluded that “many of that competing in both hurdle events systems for the 400 hurdles while the common hurdle drills develop a demands, that won’t be the case with competing indoors. Despite training technique that is useless in maximal the dual hurdler. Most coaches will on a 200m indoor oval, the dual speed performance.” As Vern Gam- agree that the energy requirements event athletes will often do intervals betta, a noted training authority and for the sprint hurdles are basically that include hurdles. This not only one-time track and field coach, often the same as they would be for the aids the athlete in making adjust- says, “Do the things in training that 200m. The problems result, how- ments, alternating and steering, you need to do. Not what is nice ever, because coaches don’t always but forces the athlete to hurdle in to do.” Keeping athletes “fresh” is train hurdlers as such. a “fatigued state” and learn how to of utmost importance. Maximizing manage fatigue that they will face energy and organizing the training Quite often indoors (and outdoors in the outdoor one-lap hurdle race. to obtain the utmost benefits from
TRACK COACH — 7492 The following are two actual U-Mary hurdle technique training sessions that were what we term com- bined sessions, meaning sprint hurdles and the 400 hurdles were trained and developed:
Monday, January 22 Indoor Competition Phase Men and Women 1. Marauder Sprint-Hurdle Warmup 2. Hurdle Hops 5 Hurdles x 2 30” hurdles 3. Walking Lunge with eyes closed 2 x 10m 4. Accels 4 with spikes 1. 1 Step Hurdles 8 Hurdles x 2 30” 2. 2 x 30m from 4-point 3. Tempo Hurdles Women—3 Hurdles @ 30” x 3 @ 7.7m Men—3 Hurdles @ 36” x 3 @ 28 feet (8.53m) 1. 2 x Sled Pull with hand weights 20m (from 4-point) 2. 2 Hurdles from Start x 2 with hand weights W—30” @ 8.0m M—36” @ 29 feet (8.84m) 3. 2 Hurdles from Start x 2 W—30” @ 7.5m M—39”-36” @ 28 feet (8.53m) 4. 6 Hurdles from Start x 2 W—30” @ 8.0m M—39” @ 29 feet (8.84m) (TimeTouchdowns)
***Shuttle—2 Hurdles down and 2 hurdles back spaced 20m x 2 W—30” M—33” (3 minutes recovery) ***2 x 200m with spikes with 4 hurdles spaced randomly @ race pace (6 minutes recovery) W—30” M—33” ***Note: The discounted spacing measurements will differ per athlete and per program. They will change as the season progresses as the hurdler becomes faster and stronger ***Note: Men often use 33” hurdles in 400 hurdle training sessions opposed to the regulation 36, with less force and energy required for the 33 inch hurdle and less risk of injury
Monday, April 23 Outdoor Competition Men and Women 1. Marauder Sprint-Hurdle Warmup 2. Hurdle Hops (Lateral) 6 Hurdles @ 24” x 3 3. Standing Long Jumps 3 out/3 back 4. Walking Tuck Jumps 2 x 10m 5. Duck Walk with 2k med ball 2 x 10m 6. Accels 4 spikes 1. 1 Step Hurdles 6 Hurdles x 3 30” 2. 2 x Flying 30m on Straight (Time) 3. Tempo Hurdles W—2 Hurdles x 3 with hand weights @ 30” @ 7.7m M—2 Hurdles x 3 @ 36” @ 28 feet (8.53m) 1. 2 x Flying 20m (Straightaway) Time 2. 3 Hurdles from Start x 1 W—33”-30” @ 8.0m M—39” @ 29 feet (8.84m) 3. 8 Hurdles From Start x 2 W—30” @ 8.0m M-42” followed by 39” @ 29 feet (8.84m) (TimeTouch- downs) 4. Hurdle 1 from Start on the mark (400H) x 3 W—30” M—36” (Time) 5. 3 Hurdles from Start x 2 on the marks @ race pace W—30” M—36” for first hurdle, followed by 33” (Time Touchdowns)
####The weekly training sessions and hurdle technique plans are neither exhaustive nor definitive. They are a small glimpse into the training of a dual hurdler and are offered merely as a guide. The success of any coaches’ training plan will always hinge on the timing and appropriate application of stimulus.
TRACK COACH — 7493 to be a successful dual hurdler, or present the hurdler with the option to choose one or the other by the championship season. As this article has shown, it is very, very doable, and it is being done very success- fully by a number of athletes and coaches throughout the country.
REFERENCES
1. Arnold, Malcom, Hurdling, British Amateur Athletic Board, 1985 2. Gladwell, Malcom, Outliers (The Story of Success) Little, Brown and Company, 2010 3. Jarver, Jess, The Hurdles (Contemporary Theory, Technique and Training) Track and Field News Press, 2nd Edition, 1991 4. Lindeman, Ralph, Air Force Academy, Articles, Clinics 5. Maher, Amelia, Director of External Operations the amount of energy expended who trains a 400m hurdler. and Administration, South Atlantic Conference (Former University of Mary coach), Research, should be the goal of every coach Editing of combined hurdlers. Utilizing all Again, this method of interval train- 6. Mann, Ralph, The Mechanics of Sprinting and Hurdling, 2018 Edition available time and managing the ing works very nicely with our phi- 7. Murphy, Amber, The Mechanics of Sprinting and Hurdling, 2018 Edition 98. time restrictions are always a con- losophy of low volume, high intensity 8. McFarlane, Brent, The Science of Hurdling and cern with any athlete, and certainly and large amounts of recovery. An Speed, 4th Edition, Canadian Track & Field Association, 2000 with the dual hurdler. example of a workout session that 9. Pfau, Dan, Conversations, Clinics, Articles, we are referring to: Conversations 10. Poole, Craig, BYU, articles With this concept in mind, most 11. Seagrave, Loren, Speed Dynamics, Clinics, outdoor interval sessions should be @@1 x 350m @ 98% with spikes Articles, Conversations 12. Silvey, Steve, World Class Elite Hurdling Training a combination of “open” intervals with hurdles 1-5 on marks (12-15 Program, 1999, Clinics and intervals that include hurdles minutes recovery) 1 x 300m @ 13. Vega, Reese, Assistant Coach University of Mary, Conversations, Training Plans on the competition marks at the 98% with spikes (10) 1 x 300m @ 14. Winckler, Gary, University of Illinois, Clinics, correct spacing. This not only en- race pace with hurdles 1-4 on the Conversations, Articles ables athletes to train the energy marks (spikes) systems that they will utilize in a race and obtain the needed endurance SUMMARY component, but work on the “race plan” in all types of weather. It is There are many challenges that critically important to rehearse the await the coach who is confronted race plan over and over and build with the assignment of implement- a sense of confidence for the race ing a training program for an model under all types of conditions. athlete who wishes to partake in both hurdle events. But as we We are reminded of the quote by have outlined, it is certainly very University of Louisiana at Lafayette feasible. It does, however, require track & field coach Tommy Badon: “If a very hard-working and dedicated you fail to plan, you plan to fail.” Well athlete and an innovative, creative said. The hurdle intervals will most and well-organized coach who can certainly enhance race distribu- maximize the different energy sys- tion, planned changes in rhythm tems in sometimes unique ways. A and aid in late race adjustments. year-around, global approach that Those three variables should be of builds upon each succeeding phase utmost importance for every coach will ultimately prepare the athlete
TRACK COACH — 7494 ADDRESSING THE CONFUSION WITHIN PERIODIZATION RESEARCH
This discussion is excerpted from the Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 28 August 2020. The focus of the authors is on recent problematic developments in sport science, and more specifically, problems related to periodization research.
BY W. GUY HORNSBY1*, ANDREW C. FRY2, G. GREGORY HAFF3 AND MICHAEL H. STONE4
INTRODUCTION searchers to promote “outside the ciation and understanding should box thinking”. Certainly, question- take place before a dismissal of Over the last several years, disturb- ing poorly supported dogma and these works occurs. This does not ing trends related to sport science popular belief(s) is at the root of mean that previous findings cannot research and education related to the scientific process. However, for be challenged or cannot be further the periodization of training have areas of research that have a solid developed, as this is a key aspect of been noted by the authors of this underpinning supported by good the scientific process. However, we article. Specifically, it appears that scientific data and considerable believe that most accepted concep- there is an increased push by re- previous work, appropriate appre- tual paradigms of basic and applied
1 College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA 2 Osness Human Performance Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; [email protected] 3 School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; [email protected] 4 Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, SERK, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]
TRACK COACH — 7495 science, including sport science, are primary issues related to periodiza- lution of ideas and concepts. We firmly rooted in logical reasoning tion research followed by a brief have been particularly dismayed and supporting evidence. We also commentary on a newer develop- at several recent papers that have believe that most good conceptual ment within the field. used details from older references paradigms develop and evolve over to dismiss entire concepts that time as a result of critical thinking, APPRECIATION OF evolved from these initial studies sound research (often painstaking), HISTORY [1,2]. Additionally, we often read and a diligent search for clarity. As a basic statement regarding an such, a central goal of this essay Recently, it seems that a more com- aspect of periodization suggesting is to inspire future research. monly held belief has arisen that that it is relatively simplistic and “older” research is out of date and straightforward information when A troubling current trend in academ- less helpful than recently published in fact it is much more layered and ics appears to be an “everything research. This can result in authors complex [1–4]. we have been taught is wrong” selectively choosing references attitude, carried out with an intent or statements; potentially missing to create controversy, and this important work; or worse, specifi- IT IS WORTH NOTING trend has spilled over into sport cally choosing studies that fit one’s THAT IF ONLY science research, particularly as it personal narrative. It is particularly CURRENT RESEARCH pertains to periodization. Perhaps surprising how research in the areas IS VALUABLE, THAT some (much?) of these issues are of resistance exercise, strength- MEANS THAT WHAT WE related to/influenced by social media power development, etc., performed ARE DOING TODAY WILL (of which we readily admit that we in 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s was EVENTUALLY BECOME are not experts). Researchers are perhaps the biggest “lift” in knowl- OBSOLETE AND now more connected virtually, with edge the field has experienced [5], VALUELESS. others across the globe leading to and yet many authors only cite work constant commentary, for better and performed in the last 15 years. As for worse. Several of the authors authors we have, on several oc- One example of a common over- have been scientists for a long time casions, been told by reviewers simplification is the reference of (>30 years), and we unanimously to replace a reference of an older Lenoid P. Matveyev (USSR) be- feel that today’s students and young study with a more current study or ing recognized as the “Father” of scientists are developing in a climate even provided the suggestion that periodization. While Matveyev did that is too focused on self-promotion a reference is “too old”, apparently formalize the periodization concep- and too often misses the big picture. dismissing older work. It is worth tual paradigm, he clearly built on noting that if only current research previous work and contributed to Over the last several years, we is valuable, that means that what the evolution of the paradigm. The have read many review and opin- we are doing today will eventually historical development of periodiza- ion papers [1–4] on periodization become obsolete and valueless. We tion has a long and rich history in which we feel the questioning is believe an appreciation of historical dating back several centuries to the far too simplistic (e.g., questioning work may be helpful for limiting the ancient writings of Philostratus; Ga- a referenced statement or using a cyclical, “re-invention of the wheel” len; Avorroes; and, more recently, L. circumscribed thought process more nature of some training and research Pihkala (1930s–1950s, Finland), L. common in the basic sciences) and practices. Nadori (1940–1960s, Hungary), and misses the breadth and robustness N.G. Ozolin (1940s–1960s, Soviet of the historical development of A lack of appreciation of older lit- Union). A few of the earliest texts, periodization (which is well beyond erature may lead to improper citing written in English, that describe the scope of this discussion). Thus, of that older literature (when it is breaking up the training plan into we feel it is worth briefly considering cited) or at the very least lead to “periods” include books by Dyson the current climate of periodization misinterpretation of this research. (A New System of Training, 1946), research/commentary and address- Perhaps most importantly, there Bresnahan and Tuttle (Track and ing several aspects of a number does not seem to be an apprecia- Field Athletics, 1947), and Doherty of specific issues. Below are three tion for the development and evo- (Modern Track and Field, 1963) [6,7].
TRACK COACH — 7496 While these are only a few examples ity (in an effort to control certain such as [13–15], as most of our within the vast history that underpins aspects) with real-world parameters. work, with a few exceptions [16,17], the theory of periodization, it dem- However, common efforts to control is rooted in semester length designs. onstrates that prior to Matveyev’s certain aspects of a study, such as We feel too often short term (6–10 seminal contribution to the topic equating volume when comparing week) training studies are simply there was in fact foundational work two different training strategies viewed as “what worked better at de- being completed [6]. For an incred- (likely changing one or both pro- veloping performance adaption(s)?” ibly in-depth look into the history of grams from what typically occurs), (often carried out on untrained or periodization (particularly for track or using a smith machine to control minimally trained subjects) vs. a and field.), we refer the reader to inter-subject technique differences, more in-depth context such as ef- Bourne, 2008 [6]. etc., should be well addressed in the ficiency of training [17]; the amount limitations and practical application of work (and thus, fatigue) neces- Indeed, Matveyev’s contribution portion of a manuscript. sary to maximize results; and timing to periodization, particularly his and direction of training, a coaches observational work on periodiza- ability to direct and control the train- tion monitoring of the Soviet track TOO OFTEN IN ing process at certain time points & field athletes preparing for the STUDIES IN WHICH [18,19]. We continue to be surprised 1952 and 1956 Olympic Games, INTERVENTIONS ARE by the apparent disregard for highly and later, his text describing an COMPARED, THE ecologically valid athlete monitoring annual training plan (1965), cannot INTERVENTIONS DO NOT studies capturing trained athletes in be underappreciated [8]. It is worth OCCUR IN A MANNER real-world environments [16,19–21] mentioning that Matveyev was ob- REFLECTING REAL- (these are only a few in a long line serving athletes being coached by WORLD APPLICATION. of research). We fully understand full-time coaches who were creating the limitations of causation (no the training plans (not Matveyev), comparison group, a “non-normal” and likely the reason for the popu- When discussing short-term training sample); however, we believe this larity and attachment (credit) to studies (the duration of most training is some of the most helpful informa- the traditional (or classic) model of interventions) [12], it is important to tion for coaches and sport scientists periodization is due to the 1965 text, consider that 2–3 months is only a related to periodization as well as Periodization of Sports Training, [8] blip in an athletes training life. Thus, other aspects of training. being translated into English. For periodization pioneer Yuri Verk- this textbook and the periodization hoshansky explains, in the highly Another important consideration is paradigm, many of the underlying influential sport training textbook the amount of detail related to the mechanistic concepts had been “Supertraining” . . . training that is performed. Mujika previously developed by H. Selye, [22] has previously called for authors N.N.Yakovlev, and I.P. Pavlov [9]. “Virtually any method of strength of training studies to report volume training will enhance the strength load and detailed information of the CONSIDERATIONS FOR of a novice during the first few training prescription. This is critical, TRAINING STUDIES months, provided the intensity, in as many times based upon the particular, is kept at a safe level. training information provided it is Discussions on the importance of This is a major reason why it is virtually impossible to replicate the the applied nature of sport and misleading and counterproductive intervention conducted. We believe thus aspects related to that un- to apply the results obtained from that journals should request that derstanding are well documented scientific studies of less than six authors report how the training was [10,11]. Too often in studies in months’ duration. It is also a major verified (e.g., were the investiga- which interventions are compared, reason why relatively inexperienced tors observing? Were they strength the interventions do not occur in coaches manage to have initial suc- coaches? Was it a sport coaches a manner reflecting real-world ap- cess with athletes . . . ” [7]. report? A self-report?). It is perhaps plication. We appreciate the “tug not surprising that direct observation of war” that sport scientists often We certainly appreciate how difficult is superior to reporting from subjects face, trying to juggle internal valid- long-term periodization studies are, [23]. Additionally, it would be help-
TRACK COACH — 7497 ful for authors to state whether or quite helpful for sport scientists and there has been an increased push to not the training reported was the coaches, as they allow complicated use a training strategy that is more planned prescription, beforehand, information from multiple scientific in-the-moment-focused. or if the training was recorded as disciplines to be synthesized for it was carried out. useful application [24,25]. Many terms have been used to describe these programming cen- Lastly, most training studies referred tered training plans that involve a to as periodization studies are really IT IS QUITE COMMONLY day-to-day organization template, programming studies (see discus- ACCEPTED THAT for example, agile periodization, sion below), as the manipulation and TECHNICAL MODELS flexible periodization, and fluid comparisons of different strategies HAVE NUANCE AND periodization [26–28]. Instead of are usually dictated by differences “RANGES”. THIS a long-term, detailed training pre- in set-rep schemes, intensities, etc., SAME DEGREE OF scription, this approach to training and not by overarching timelines or ACCEPTANCE DOES NOT involves a format in which training adaptation-based fitness phases SEEM TO HOLD FOR is dictated by an athlete’s alleged and goals. PERIODIZATION. current state (e.g., readiness, and fatigue, which are often subjective), THE DEVELOPMENT OF and to a large degree, based on a CONCEPTS Perhaps a worthwhile analogy is certain selection format, assembled the comparison of athlete skill to session to session. Training concepts (e.g., training technical models of performance for theory) can be astonishingly mul- various sport tasks (e.g., stages of Conceptually, these training models tifaceted and complex. Sometimes sprinting or of the snatch exercise). are not periodization models and are in attempting to summarize basic, The summarizing nature of a techni- actually programming models, thus translational and applied science, cal model (or a training concept) can including the term periodization is the large amount of physiology that almost assuredly be questioned and a misnomer [24]. This is because goes into training concepts (e.g., picked apart to some degree. For these flexible training models are fitness–fatigue paradigm, General example, it could be pointed out that driven by day-to-day and week- Adaptation Syndrome, etc.) is lost. someone incredibly successful (e.g., to-week programming decisions, Related to bullet point #1 (history), a gold medalist) did not perform in often based on athletes’ subjective to truly appreciate an established the exact manner recommended by feelings and not objective evidence training concept one must really the technical model. Interestingly, or an overarching periodization know the historical literature. Addi- it is quite commonly accepted that strategy. tionally, for sport research it is also technical models have nuance and likely helpful to understand aspects “ranges”. This same degree of ac- Periodization is a conceptual outline well beyond the literature (coach- ceptance does not seem to hold for dealing with timelines and fitness ing, training, sport, and history). periodization [3,4]. phases; depending upon the goal For example, using a very specific of the training process, it creates issue, that is a relative component PROGRAMMING DRIVEN time-direction of training volume, within a larger concept, and then TRAINING STRATEGIES intensity, and task specificity fac- dismissing the entire concept as a tors [25]. Programming drives the periodization phases (makes the mistake: disregarding a mechanistic Lastly, we have read several articles phases within the periodized plan concept such as Selye’s work on and frequently observe discussions happen) and includes exercise stress response because his original on social media incorrectly portray- selections, loading parameters, studies were not based on exercise ing the idea that block periodization rest periods, etc. [24,25]. However, as a paradigm and therefore sug- (or traditional periodization for that using a periodization model allows gesting that the General Adapta- matter) is stagnant and that the substantial programming modifica- tion Syndrome (G.A.S.) cannot be programming within the periodized tions to be made [25]. It should be used conceptually in explaining the plan cannot be modified if needed noted that programming alterations response to exercise and training during its implementation. Recently, [24]. Training concepts can be should be made based upon valid
TRACK COACH — 7498 and reliable evidence concerning the issue of Medicine and Science in to almost any training stimulus, is state of the athlete, evidence that Sports and Exercise, Buckner et essential for making sense of the can be provided by a well-designed al. responded to our LTE [32]. For available data. athlete monitoring process [29]. a much better picture of the overall Indeed, programming alterations discourse, we refer the reader to The ability to implement scien- should be based on good data; a those papers, which address sev- tifically-based training programs well-conceived, integrated long-term eral important concepts of strength with populations of all training and plan; and in most cases, be subtle. development [2,31,32]. performance levels, and to work closely in concert with the actual Within U.S. collegiate sport and coaches and trainers, is certainly a Australian professional sports, we ONLY THROUGH THE critical part of the process. Unlike continue to be surprised by how APPLICATION OF THESE the researcher who is often simply often we hear “periodization doesn’t TRAINING PARADIGMS searching for statistically significant work for team sports” or the more WITH ACTUAL HIGH- results, or evidence of a recogniz- general statement “periodization LEVEL PERFORMERS able training effect, the effective doesn’t work for my situation.” We CAN THE EXTERNAL/ sport scientist, coach, and trainer have speculated that perhaps avoid- ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY strives for optimum performance ing this long-term planning approach OF THE TRAINING results at competition time. Recog- is due to how strength coaches nizing and developing all facets of METHODS BE PROPERLY are often placed in a servant type successful performance is critical to ESTABLISHED. role to the head sport coach [30], achieve the desired consistent and and perhaps the idea is that these long-term results, whether it is on more flexible approaches allow the the athletic field or in any occupation Of particular note are some of the strength coach to work around the requiring high levels of performance. statements made in the follow-up head sport coach. by Buckner et al. [32] regarding Only through the application of these periodization that we thought were We believe this thinking is flawed, training paradigms with actual high- worth addressing. We appreciate in that (1) attempting to manage a level performers can the external/ that skeptics are acknowledging more unpredictable situation with ecological validity of the training the complexities of periodization, more unpredictability is a mistake, methods be properly established. and this is an important step in and (2) the programming within a This discourse on the topic of pe- understanding and interpreting the periodized plan can be altered if riodization certainly validates our scientific literature. However, simple need be, while being guided by the long history of careful study of this blanket statements seldom explain overall goal(s) of the given train- complex topic, and we eagerly look the intricacies of advanced training ing phase. Or, as more eloquently forward to conducting many future methods for high-level performance. stated by Bourne [6], “the use of studies related to periodization. Like periodization is synonymous with with many research topics, those Although there is certainly much a scientific approach to training as who produce the scientific data on work remaining, characterizing coaches, scientists, and athletes at- the efficacy of periodization quickly the arguments as “everything is tempt to gain maximal control over appreciate the inherent challenges periodization”, or that “periodiza- the variables affecting the adaptive of this line of inquiry. In 1910, tion has not been well studied” or process.” former U.S. President Theodore “appropriately studied”, suggests Roosevelt may have summed it an unfortunate lack of understand- up best in one of his most famous CONCLUSIONS ing of the topic. Additionally, an speeches given at the Sorbonne in appreciation of the differences in Paris, France, where he cautioned Recently, we (along with many col- training advanced and elite-level against individuals who have “a leagues) authored a letter to the competitors with long training histo- readiness to criticize work which the editor (LTE) [31] addressing what we ries compared to the very forgiving critic himself never tries to perform” felt were issues in a recent article population of untrained or novice [33]. It is hoped that authors eager by Buckner et al. [2]. In the same individuals, who readily respond to produce numerous reviews and
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Training Games: Coaching and Racing Creatively, By Eric Anderson and Andrew Hibbert
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TRACK COACH — 7500 THOUGHTS AND APPLICATIONS OF GRIT IN A TRACK & FIELD WORLD
Angela Duckworth’s work on grit and self-control has inspired our editor to think about applications to track & field. Duckworth, a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, is the author of Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance.
BY RUSS EBBETS, EDITOR, TRACK COACH
Grit has become somewhat of a either can’t do or can only do with done. And it becomes important that franchise entity. Below are some great difficulty or practice. There one not confuse effort for activity. ideas on how applying the principles is almost a magical component to The effort must be purposeful, work- of grit, such as skill acquisition, talent. We see the natural athlete ing towards a goal, for things to be deliberate practice, role models and do something and are amazed that accomplished. Without purposeful continuous development may bear they can do “that.” It reminds me effort one is like a ship without a fruits in a track and field setting. of Doug Henning’s quote about sail, you’ll be afloat but you’ll never how he creates magic, “Make the get anywhere. WHAT IS TALENT? difficult habit, make the habit easy and make what is easy beautiful.” ANGELA DUCKWORTH Talent is potential. It is the ability To a degree talent is magical. WAS BIG ON USING WORD to do something but not necessar- DIAGRAMS TO LAY THE ily to have “it” done yet. American THEN WHY DON’T ALL THE FOUNDATION FOR HER culture seems enamored with the TALENTED PEOPLE SUCCEED? concept of talent. This is the the ARGUMENTS ON DEVELOPING person who is a natural and seem- GRIT. HOW DOES THE WORD It boils down to effort. One can have ingly has the effortless ability to do DIAGRAM TALENT X EFFORT = all the talent in the world but if one something that the average person SKILL WORK? sits on his hands nothing will get
TRACK COACH — 7501 Skill could be defined as the ability Bompa’s four-year schedule for the exhibited within the coach’s program to do things, to express things. In development of physical, technical, that leads to achievement but also a coaching sense we can think of tactical and psychological qualities development of an achievement the ability to apply force correctly (Figure 1). Although this is not in team culture. as with the technical execution of the Level 1 curriculum it was always an event, speed actions, and again positively received by the class SKILLS X EFFORT = the refinement of techniques that when I offered it as a means to ACHIEVEMENT are biomechanically efficient. But organize the development of skills the skills can also be psychological. over the course of an Olympic cycle In a performance based environ- The ability to remain calm and ef- or a typical high school or college ment achievement becomes the fective under pressure is something career. ultimate goal. We are not running that some have a natural “talent” a fitness class. With that in mind if for, but it is also a skill that can be There are listed a set of desired skills the environment of the team is one honed with visualization, learning that are to be mastered during year of diligent refinement and application to control one’s respiration rate and 1, year 2, etc. which present goals. of the various skills that are deemed generally to control one’s thought An interesting thing about this grid important there will be this sense of processes—self-talk. is that the athletes who are in year continual improvement. I think it is 4 have the potential to model the important that skills learned in the As one matures there is hopefully an desired skills that a year 1 athlete will initial stages such as punctuality and increase in one’s skill inventory so be expected to develop. If this pro- cooperation and service to others that one can better handle the chal- cess is done correctly the series of are critical foundational values that lenges of greater responsibilities. I physical, behavioral, psychological a team should be built on. If these am reminded here of Matveyev or or leadership skills are continually
Figure 1: Suggested 4-year plan for developing a distance runner. A specific plan could be devised for each athlete (i.e. 800m runner, jumper, thrower, etc.) with the specific tactics, strategies, goals and skills necessary for success in that event.
Evolution of 4 Global Concepts in 4-Year Cycle
Rules, be on time, discovery, Goals, qualifying procedures, Leadership skills, mentoring, Psychological pesonal responsibility, curiosity visualization, perseverance, mental toughness, scripting, decisiveness, sportsmanship focus Problem solving
Basic tactics...lead-follow, on 304 tactics...race Cleverness in event specialty, Tactical board, legal throws, even pacing management, surging, attention to detail energy management
Movement fundamentals, Execution (i.e. 3-step, finish Refinement Technical symmetry, foot placement, technique), symmetric sequence of movements movement Perfection of movements
Physical Warm-up/warm down Injury prevention Progressive overload Core stability Contitioning Independence, feedback
Freshman Sophomore Junior & Senior
Adapted from TO Bompa
TRACK COACH — 7502 core values are deeply engrained WHAT IS DELIBERATE valuable mental energy distracted by the addition of the subsequent PRACTICE AND WHAT ROLE worry or trying to figure out where values and skills, however they DOES REST PLAY? the necessary equipment can be are defined, can have a synergistic found to complete a practice. effect on both the individuals on Deliberate practice is attention to the the team and the culture of being task at hand. It is a highly focused The downside of the “same place” on the team. I’d refer one to John time where the athlete, or learner, all the time is that sometimes the Wooden’s Pyramid of Success is intensely focused on what he/she arrival at a new venue, a hostile (Figure 2) for ideas. is doing. If it is something he is try- venue can be disconcerting. I am ing to learn or master it can require reminded of the famous scene HOW DOES THE CONCEPT OF both a tremendous amount of mental in the movie Hoosiers where the KAIZEN FIT INTO ALL THIS? and physical work. Why deliberate basketball team enters the state practice requires a proscribed rest championship arena (Butler Col- lege) and all the “hicks from the Kaizen is a Japanese word that has period is that the intense focus can sticks” stare up at the ceiling and been popularized lately to define the be mentally exhausting which in turn around the arena, never having seen concept of continuous improvement. requires one to “take a break” to rest a building so big. What does Gene One cannot, does not “rest on one’s and recharge before returning to Hackman, the coach, do? Gets out a laurels.” There is always something the task to achieve further mastery. tape measure, measures the height that can be improved and work is of the basket rim and measures done to that end. This is a Japanese the distance to the foul line. What business term that can be foreign ONE CANNOT, DOES does that do? It totally refocuses the in both a literal and figurative sense NOT “REST ON ONE’S team with the message – the rims when applied to American business. LAURELS.” THERE IS are the same height, the foul line is In the U.S. most of our corporations ALWAYS SOMETHING the same distance, all we need to are driven by the quarterly reports THAT CAN BE do is focus on basketball and the and the success or failure of these IMPROVED AND WORK result will be the same. corporations is intimately tied to the IS DONE TO THAT END. quarterly report. In Japan they have long-term goals. I even remember WHAT ROLE DO ROLE reading that SONY has a long-term WHY IS THE HABIT OF MODELS PLAY? plan of 250 years into the future. I PRACTICING AT THE SAME was stunned when I read that fact Role models are important for TIME EACH DAY IN THE SAME as it is highly unusual that any several reasons. For the novice or American company to even last 100 PLACE IMPORTANT? upcoming athlete a role model can years. For those over the age of 50, essentially “light the path” to show think back to a time when transistor To me this speaks to why there is a the newbie that it has been done radios were all the rage—In spite of decided “home court advantage” in before and can be done again. For the crackling sound, spotty reception sports. The home court has similar the more experienced athlete, even and being easily broken—and they sights, sounds, smells, lighting, a world champion, a role model were almost all “made in Japan.” travel times, bathrooms and water can prove to be inspirational in that There was a time when “made in Ja- fountains, and that takes those that individual no doubt overcame pan” was a slur for anything cheaply seemingly trivial concerns off the some setbacks and has succeeded build and not meant to last. That is radar screen. This is a technique that or succeeded again with the proof not the case today where Japanese writers have long used to produce that it can be done. Even though automobiles and technologies are their daily word count. The writers the challenges the role model faced now a standard of excellence. This use the same place, at the same may be significantly different the was achieved through the concept time with “distractions” that become fact that they rose to the challenge, of kaizen, continuous improvement so familiar as to become invisible. gave themselves permission to suc- that didn’t happen overnight, but For the athlete the same place al- ceed, and entered the challenge happened every night. lows one to focus more intensely with an optimistic mindset can be on the task at hand, and not use
TRACK COACH — 7503 Figure 2
John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success
In a period of 14 years, ending with SUCCESS his tenure at Indiana State University, John Wooden worked on his famous Patience Integrity Sincerity Honesty Reliability
“Pyramid of Success.” He put (good things success, according to his defini- take time) “Success is peace of mind tion, at the apex. which is a direct result of “The first two blocks of the (through prayer) self-satisfaction in knowing pyramid are the two corner- you did your best to stones because to be strong, COMPETITIVE become the best that you have to have a strong GREATNESS (others depend foundation,” said Wooden. “When the going gets on you) you are capable “The cornerstones of tough, the tough get of becoming.” success to me, in going.” Be at your best when your best is - John Wooden anything, are hard needed. Real love of work and enjoy what (effort and hustle) a hard battle. you’re doning. So, POSE CONFIDENCE one cornestone is Just being yourself. Respect without fear. (speaks for itself) industriousness Being at ease in any Confident not cocky. and the other is situation. Never May come from faith in fighting yourself. yourself in knowing enthusiasm. that you are prepared.
(proper judgement) CONDITION SKILL TEAM SPIRIT Mental—Moral— A knowledge of and An eagerness to Pyhsical. Rest, the ability ot properly sacrifice personal (in all ways) exercise and diet must execute the interests or glory for be considered. fundamentals. the welfare of all. Moderation must be Be prepared. “The team comes practiced. Dissipation Cover every detail. first.” (to any situation) must be eliminated. SELF-CONTROL ALERTNESS INITIATIVE INTENTNESS
Emotions under Be observing Cultivate the abliity to Ability to resist (makes friends) control. Delicate constantly. Be quick make decisions and temptaton and stay adjustment between to spot a weakness think alone. Desire to with your course. Ambition mindAdaptability and body. Resourcefulness Keep and correst Fight it or use Faith it excel. Concentrate on your judgment and as the case may objective and be (properly focused) common sense. warrant. determined to reach your goal. INDUSTRIOUS- FRIENDSHIP LOYALTY COOPERATION ENTHUSIASM NESS Comes from mutual To yourself and all With all levels of your Your heart must be in There is no substitute esteem, respect and those dependent upon co-workers. Help your work. for work. Worthwhile devotion. A sincere you. Keep your self- other and see the Stimulate others. things come from hard liking for all. respect. other side. work and careful planning.
TRACK COACH — 7504 something the current champion happen, an opportunity that can can learn from. One final aspect lead to a successful outcome. With HOPE IS NOT A SOLID of a role model that may be worth negative self-talk, one is closing STRATEGY BECAUSE IT using as a model is how the role down, is in an intimidated stance, SHIFTS THE BURDEN OF model handles the pressures of re- essentially withdrawing from the RESPONSIBILITY. sponsibility and greatness. Is it with experience. I am reminded of dignity and grace or do they shirk Stephanie Brown-Trafton’s prepa- the responsibility? The values, man- ration for the Beijing Olympics On the other hand, a virtuous cycle nerisms, their opinions nowadays where her father had a panoramic is one where a culture of success with tweets and Instagram posts, in picture made of the Olympic sta- is woven into the moral fabric of effect lay the groundwork for those dium where she could throw each an institution, city, team, culture, who will follow and will be emulated day in her garage. When she got to country, family, or person. The next for better or worse. the actual stadium, she had in ef- generation is expected to carry the fect been there (the Beijing Olympic baton and repeat the acts of the WHY IS HAVING HOPE NOT A Stadium) many times before. She past. Reverence is given to those GOOD STRATEGY? knew why she was there and had who have come before. I had a col- the smallest details memorized so lege teammate who became a Navy Hope is not a solid strategy because that all she had to do was what SEAL and spent his whole career as it shifts the burden of responsibility. she had practiced, at her “home” one. One thing that always struck If I were to solely rely on hope and practice area. And she nailed the me was when he talked about the were unsuccessful at my desired first throw and forced the rest of U.S. Marines and the utter respect task I could say it wasn’t really my the field to play catch-up, which he had for them. He told me he loved fault as God or some other deity let they never did. to see them show up, as whatever me down. The thought, “If it is to job they were to do would be done be, it is up to me,” becomes critical WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE quickly, efficiently and completely. It as one proceeded though life. Is BETWEEN A VIRTUOUS AND A is something that is trained into the there luck involved? Certainly, but VICIOUS CYCLE? DNA of a Marine to do that. then there is the old adage that the harder one works, the luckier one Poverty is said to be a vicious cycle. Another example would be the sys- gets. It reminds me of Cromwell’s There is a lack of opportunity that tem Greg Popovich has created with famous supposed encouragement fosters a limited view of the world the San Antonio Spurs. In college from the 1600’s, “Trust in God boys, and the opportunities of the world. track & field there any number of but keep your powder dry.” Certain pathways “out” are either not programs in all three NCAA divi- valued or not available which in turn sions that, year after year, produce WHAT IS POSITIVE SELF-TALK limits opportunities. Poor decisions excellent teams. AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? and hanging with the wrong people, alcohol and illicit drug use all can It is simplistic to simply say that We all have “thoughts” that filter in change the trajectory of one’s life these teams succeed due to favor- and out of our mind. Sometimes it downward in a day. There is much able aid packages or nice facilities. is things like, “You can do this!” or frustration and disappointment and There is something more, a tradition “I am ready and prepared for this!” a repeated belief that “one’s efforts of excellence that that offers team While other times one can slip into don’t matter.” If there are any “suc- members something to aspire to negative thoughts such as, “What cessful” role models they are more that not only helps them shine as am I doing here?” Or, “Why is this often possessing smart survival individuals, but at the end of their happening to me?” It goes back skills in their ability to work the career, their accomplishments to focus and what one is trying system, hustle or somehow function reflect positively on the coaching to achieve. With positive self-talk on the fringes of the law. The bigger and guidance those programs have there is an expansive awareness problem is that these issues become afforded these athletes. where one is ready for the op- generational and the cycle of poverty portunity and looking for things to is repeated time and again.
TRACK COACH — 7505 WHY ARE CORE VALUES behaviors that are adopted, modeled jumps or throws can be significant IMPORTANT? and carried on. These programs enough for one to keep finding nu- never seem to have to rebuild, they ances for years and years. We come into life without an instruc- simply reload. tion manual. We also come into life HOW CAN ONE with varying degrees of parental HOW CAN CONTINUOUS ESTABLISH GRIT? competence and experience. Our IMPROVEMENT BE ACHIEVED? extended families also can play This becomes the $64 dollar ques- a major role in our development I think this has to become an accept- tion. I think there needs to be some whether it is the current genera- ed goal by the participants. Initially stability in a program for a period tion or something that has been there will be a steep learning curve of time. If one were to look at the passed down through the genera- as the newbie finds out about “the most successful coaches, most tions. Core values help create a system” but once that is achieved would agree, the development of network that can direct behaviors. there becomes a continual challenge their successful programs was the If you need ideas, I’d suggest you of finding the nuances of the sport. result of years of trying to develop review John Wooden’s Pyramid of I think of my father in this case. He the culture they desired before Success or see what Phil Jackson was a high school valedictorian, things “clicked.” Mike Krzyzewski did with Michael Jordan’s teams at collegiate scholar but also the top at Duke made four Final Fours (in Chicago in the Netflix series The collegiate golfer on the East Coast. five years) before he finally won the Last Dance. Even Herb Brooks and He became a professional golfer NCAA Championship. John McDon- the 1980 Olympic hockey team had while many of his friends from col- nell of Arkansas coached there 12 values (it is worth re-reading E.M. lege went the doctor, lawyer route. years before he won his first of 40 Swift’s Sports Illustrated article, “A I used to wonder why he chose the NCAA titles. Reminder of What We Can Be” from path he did and eventually came 12/22/80 for details). The psycho- to see that more than just hitting I referenced earlier the four-year logical qualities Brooks tested for a little white ball with a stick there development pattern of Bompa or (rather die than lose) in the 300 was always the continual challenge Matveyev, the Four Global Con- question “test” referenced in the of mastering the winds, the weather, cepts. That chart has been helpful movie “Miracle” was essential to the greens and one’s self to produce to coaches (and athletes) to get a select a team he felt he needed to the “perfect” round that kept him visual of how one can progressively beat the Soviets. This article will challenged on a daily basis. I am develop and athlete’s physical, give one a deeper understanding sure it is the same with musicians technical, tactical and psychological of the cruel scene of “one more” and their instruments and the end- qualities over time, over a four-year and the dramatic final scene when less possibilities music allows them. period that will insure as possible the Brooks refused to change his line That is one of the challenges of athlete’s integration into the system. as the seconds wound down in the coaching track & field. Nowadays It may not be perfect, but it does semifinal game against the Soviets most programs have throws, jump, give map of sorts for both parties so to the disbelief and consternation of sprint specialists with less crossover that there is an understanding of the Tikhonov, the Soviet coach. knowledge than was necessary 30 expectations that become goals and years ago. Needless to say, the guiding lights that serve for decision Core values give those involved technical demands of the different making and career direction. something to believe in and aspire towards. If you were to trace the TAFNEWS BOOKS NOW AVAILABLE ON methods and teachings of Lydiard, AMAZON.COM These books were formerly out of print and not available, but we have arranged with Amazon.com to 00 Cerutty, Igloi, the Finns with sísu, the $ 25 print them on demand and offer them on their website. Order directly from Amazon.com. East Africans, and even trace it to THE THROWS MANUAL. The must-have book on training and tech- the successful collegiate programs nique for the shot, discus, hammer and javelin. By George Dunn and and the “systems” that are used Kevin McGill. 158pp. which are more than simple recruit- Available only from www.amazon.com ing. There are standards, traditions Note: There may be other offers on amazon.com for used copies, but for the new, T&FN-authorized, pristine copies look for the entries with the above prices.
TRACK COACH — 7506 the Mailbox
In the last issue of Track Coach, fiberglass poles allowed them to Personal style should not be some David Bussaberger wrote a follow- grip higher, and not because they elusive manifesto for every young up to his article in the Summer moved their hips relatively higher vaulter. No athlete jumping over 2020 issue. In Part 2, Bussaberger above their grip than athletes had 5.50 meters wakes up one day and chronicles the technical innovations in the past, before fiberglass. I says, “I’ve decided my style will of early fiberglass era vaulters and agree with Bussaberger that the first combine Sam Kendricks’ rockback offers his perspective on the vaulting fiberglass vaulters experimented with Mondo Duplantis’ double-leg techniques used widely today. While greatly with technical changes, as tuck!” Personal style should be an I enjoyed reading both articles, they adapted to their new instru- afterthought—a byproduct earned I must respectfully disagree with ments, but a holistic interpretation from years of developing pole Bussaberger’s promotion of indi- acknowledges that fiberglass pro- vault’s fundamental skills. It is the vidualized style in the fiberglass era. duced little improvement in move- last accommodation for maxing out ment efficiency--push-off. (You can your genetic potential in speed and Without a doubt, fiberglass opened learn more about push-off in the strength, and most of us never get the door to a new era in the pole article I wrote for Track Coach’s Fall to that level. vault. A bending pole allowed 2020 issue.) athletes to clear bars higher than Sergey Bubka did. He achieved ever before. This transitional period Does Bussaberger’s reference to athletic stardom for breaking the began with apparent technical con- technique mean the Plant phase WR numerous times and for in- tributions from renowned vaulters, into Takeoff, or just Off-the-Ground, troducing the Petrov Model, which like George Davies, John Pennel, or both? Regardless, an ill-defined would become a widely accepted Kjell Isaksson, and Bob Seagren. A scope ignores what’s most impor- pole vault technique used today. In rapidly rising WR delivered excite- tant in pole vaulting—a sequenced, Bussaberger’s article, he suggests ment, as well as controversy. In proficient execution of each phase. the Petrov Model may have some his article, Bussaberger correlates For example, a good Pole Carry is a mechanical flaws. I appreciate the advances in bar clearance with necessary prerequisite for the Run, skepticism, but I think Bussaberger technical innovations from the early just as the Run is a prerequisite misses the mark on what’s salient fiberglass era vaulters, but a closer for a good Plant; and so on and about Coach Vitaly Petrov’s techni- analysis reveals a sobering truth so forth. The best vaulters are not cal model. Petrov’s main contribution about these performances. always the best technicians. When was a free take-off, which requires bar clearance is 80% runway speed, the athlete to leave the runway While bar clearances and grip the fastest strongest athletes can before their pole tip contacts the heights increased, push-off numbers get away with a lot of technical back of the plant-box. Petrov sim- remained largely similar to the pre- deficiencies in their jump. Technical ply coached his athletes to jump fiberglass era. Push-off is the differ- differences may exist between the up in a vertical event. However, ence between an athlete’s top hand best vaulters, but we serve all vault- if we remember Petrov for any- grip height and their bar clearance, ers, beginner or advanced, better thing at all, then it should be for and provides a reasonable indica- by accepting their differences may his uncompromising emphasis on tor for technical efficiency. Minimal derive from deficiencies, instead of fundamental pole vault skills, re- change in push-off suggests that proficiencies. gardless of technical model. When athletes jumped higher because you observe an athlete coached by
TRACK COACH — 7507 Petrov, like Bubka or women’s WR increased very gradually over a differences in technique seen holder Yelena Isinbayeva, it’s easy long period of time. In the early among top vaulters probably to observe their nearly textbook 1960s, at the beginning of the derive from deficiencies in ex- example. Petrov coaches the five fiberglass era, George Davies ecution instead of proficiencies phases—Pole Carry, Run, Plant, (the first man to break the WR (a variation of an argument Takeoff and Off-the-Ground--in se- with a fiberglass pole) and John commonly used by Petrov quence, and he does it sublimely. Uelses (the first man over 16’) supporters). This is, in effect, That is what Vitaly Petrov should both gripped only 13’-7”. Da- defaulting to the negative ver- be remembered for! vies’ best push-off was 2’-11” sus the positive. Why couldn’t and Uelses’ best was 3’-2”. In at least some of these differ- Where Bussaberger might call the 1966 John Pennel set a WR at ences possibly be advantages? Petrov Model an individualized style, 17’-6¼” gripping 14’-6”, which Secondly, what real world or I call it good pole vaulting. Do not translates into a 3’-8¼” push-off. empirical evidence is there for make a technical model your Holy this opinion? A case in point is Grail. An individualized style will As fiberglass vaulters kept rais- taking off underneath (the toe of merely excuse bad habits and odd ing their grips and adapting to the takeoff foot is ahead of the quirks. If you must learn from elite stiffer and stiffer poles (both vertical plane of the top hand vaulters, then look to those who factors required significant as the vaulter takes off). This is show mastery in the five phases, like changes in technique to ac- commonly assumed to be a flaw Russian vaulter Anzhelika Siderova. complish), push-off distances in execution by a great many Now that’s textbook technique! continued to improve. In 1972 people involved in vaulting. She’s extremely consistent, and Bob Seagren cleared a WR However, In Shawn Francis’s wins often. Could she be better? 18’-4¼” with a 15’-1” grip , a new book, The Pole Vault Tool Sure, but personal style is unrelated. push-off of 3’-11¼”. In 1987 Box—There Is More Than One She’s just a masterful technician of Joe Dial set an AR of 19’-6½” Way To Pole Vault, he cites well her event. Like Siderova, Bubka gripping 16’-1”, a push-off of known biomechanist Dr. Peter and Isinbayeva, you should develop 4’-1½. Sam Kendricks, the king McGinnis’s study of the takeoff pole vaulting skills that will remain of the push-off, has achieved points of large numbers of elite relevant no matter how far you a push-off of about 4’-5” using male vaulters. McGinnis used advance. roughly a 16’ grip. This exceeds a special timing mechanism to Morris’s best push-off by about determine the vaulter’s takeoff Noah Kaminsky is a pole vault 1’-1”, a huge improvement. The point, the details of which I will coach in New York City. He sup- writer speculates that push-off not go into here. He found that ports the Public School Athletic distance in fiberglass vaulting the takeoff points of the vault- League with meets and clinics. still has room for further im- ers he studied varied from a provement. very deep 18” under to 2” to 3” “outside” (The toe of the takeoff DAVID BUSSABARGER Finally, there is a reasonable foot is 1” to 3” behind the verti- RESPONDS amount of evidence to suggest cal plane of the top hand as the extremely high hand grips seen vaulter takes off). (1) According to Dick Ganslen in in recent fiberglass vaulters the Mechanics of the Pole Vault, reduce push-off efficiency. For Most notably he found only one the highest recorded push-off example Sergey Bubka and vaulter who took off out, Dmitri achieved by a rigid pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie both grip/ Markov, a 6.05 vaulter. All the was 3’-4” by Ron Morris gripping gripped about 17’ and both rest took off under to varying 13’. Note that Dutch Wamerdam achieved 3’-10” push-offs, very degrees. So, from a scientific only achieved a modest push-off good, but many other vaulters point of view taking off under of 2’-½” with a very high grip with lower grips have better has to be a valid variation, (for rigid vaulters) of 13’-11”. An push-off distances. even a preferred variation with important point with hand grip fiberglass poles. This is not an on fiberglass poles is that it has (2) Coach Kaminsky claims that opinion, but rather a scientifi-
TRACK COACH — 7508 cally proven fact. Also note that (4) What Coach Kainsky and (6) You mention Siderova as new WR holder Mondo Duplan- Petrov consider to be funda- having textbook technique (I tis typically takes off about 18” mental skills is not what I con- assume your idea of textbook under. sider to be fundamental skills. technique is derived from the Petrov promotes a highly spe- Petrov Model). I have closely (3) My point in regards to individual cific and standardized method analyzed her technique and style is simply that when initially of vaulting that includes the if any women has a highly in- developing a young vaulter’s exact execution of all aspects dividualized style of her own, technique some consideration of the vault. I advocate a much she has. To say otherwise is to must be given to the vaulter’s more varied approach to what render the term “individualized physical tendencies and char- I think are the basics of good style” meaningless. acteristics. For instance, should technique. the technique of a 6’6”/195lb (7) I never said the Petrov Model vaulter be developed in the (5) Although Isinbayeva, who was is another individual style. The same way as a 5’-8”/145lb developed into a WR setter by a definition of the term model is vaulter? Or should the tech- different coach than Petrov, had telling here. In this context it nique of females, with a lower superficially similar technique to means to use something as an center of gravity, develop their Bubka, her technique differed example to follow, as in a stan- technique based on that of male from his in several important dard model. In contrast, for my vaulters? Of course the vaulter’s ways (most notably she did not purposes the term “style” can technique may be modified over have a free takeoff as Petrov be defined as a way of doing time to improve performance, defines it). So, in my view she something. Thus you can have but that is not what I am ad- had her own individual style. many individual styles but only dressing. one standard model.
Correction from Track Coach #234, Page 7459 article “The Evolution Of Fiberglass Vaulting Technique” by David Bussabarger
In the article we inadvertently ran an illustration of Sam Kendricks instead of the correct Bubka illustration, which is shown here.
ILLUSTRATIONS BY DAVID BUSSABARGER
1988 Olympic champion Sergey Bubka (Ukr), 19’8¼” (6.00), 1985
TRACK COACH — 7509 USATF CALENDAR OF SCHOOLS – SPRING/SUMMER https://www.usatf.org/programs/coaches/calendar-of-schools
April 23-26 Level 1 Zoom #2021-16 (Central Time) May 14-17 Level 1 Zoom #2021-19 (Mountain Time) May 21-24 Level 1 Zoom #2021-20 (Eastern Time) June 4-7 Level 1 Zoom #2021-22 (Pacific Time) June 11-14 Level 1 Zoom #2021-23 (Central Time) June 25-28 Level 1 Zoom #2021-25 (Eastern Time) July 9-12 Level 1 Zoom #2021-27 (Pacific Time) July 16-19 Level 1 Zoom #2021-28 (Mountain Time) July 19-23 Level 2 School (Zoom) July 23-26 Level 1 Zoom #2021-29 (Eastern Time) July 30-Aug 2 Level 1 Zoom #2021-30 (Eastern Time) Aug 6-9 Level 1 Zoom #2021-31 (Central Time) Aug 13-16 Level 1 Zoom #2021-32 (Pacific Time) Aug 20-23 Level 1 Zoom #2021-33 (Eastern Time) Aug 27-30 Level 1 Zoom #2021-34 (Central Time)
USATF LEVEL 2 SCHOOL SET FOR JULY 19-23, 2021
USATF Coaching Education is pleased to announce the summer USATF Level 2 School is set for July 19-23, 2021. The course will again be conducted on Zoom. USATF members with a current Level 1 cer- tificate and a minimum of three years coaching experience (track & field, cross country, club or personal run coach) are eligible to apply. The USATF Level 2 School provides an in-depth education in a singular event-group and the knowledge to write a comprehensive training plan. Individuals can choose to enroll in Endurance, Sprints/Hurdles/Relays, Jumps, Throws or Youth Specialization. Enrollment will be limited to 50 per discipline. Early application is advised for placement in first-choice event-group.
Program details can be found on the USATF Calendar of Schools and applications are anticipated to open the week of April 5th.
TRACK COACH — 7510 LATE LEVEL 1 RECERTIFICATION PERIOD NOW IN EFFECT
If your Level 1 certificate expired on December 31, 2020, apply now for late recertification. Late Level 1 Recertification will be offered for a limited time and is subject to completion of all stated requirements, including submission of an online recertification application.
Upon approval, your new certificate will be awarded on USATF Campus and valid until December 31, 2024.
Late Recertification Instructions 1. Renew USATF membership for 2021 2. Complete latest SafeSport Training (background screen NOT required) 3. Complete one USATF approved recertification course 4. Submit late recertification application processing fee ($55)
Don’t lose your Level 1 Coach status and eligibility to complete future USATF Level 2 Schools and satisfy USATF Coaches Registry requirements.
The process is further defined, including a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) resource, at the following link. https://www.usatf.org/programs/coaches/recertification
INTRODUCING THE SCIENCE OF LONG JUMPING ON USATF CAMPUS
Men’s and women’s long jumping performances have not improved for over 20 years. According to Igor Ter-Ovanesian, coach of 1981 world record holder Galina Chistyakova, the problem can be traced to poor technique development of long jumpers due to uninformed coaching (cited by Locatelli, 2011). This new course attempts to provide coaches an understanding of some basic science of long jumping and is authored by Dr. Christine Brooks, Level 2 Sports Science Coordinator.
The following topics are addressed in the online course: • How the brain learns, controls and stores long jump movements • How to select the jumper’s most effective takeoff leg • How a jumper can accomplish the appropriate horizontal speed and vertical lift during the takeoff phase • The role of visuospatial awareness in achieving an accurate foot placement on the board https://usatfcampus.myabsorb.com/#/catalog
Use promo code TrackCoach10 to save $10 during the month of April as an introductory special.
TRACK COACH — 7511 EMERGING FEMALE GRANTS AVAILABLE FOR LEVEL 1 AND 2 SCHOOLS
The Emerging Female Grant is provided by USATF and provides a select number of minority, women track and field coaches the opportunity to attend USATF Coaching Education Level 1 or 2 Schools. Grants are valued at the respective course tuition or registration fee.
Criteria • Identify as a minority, female coach • Be a current member of the USATF Coaches Registry • Provide a resume of coaching background/experience • Provide a letter of recommendation or three references
Applications for Emerging Female Grants will be accepted on a rolling basis until funds are expended and reviewed on the first (business) day of each month. Application a minimum of 30 days prior to the start date of the requested program/school is advised. No grant funds will be awarded retroactively.
Apply at: https://www.usatf.org/programs/coaches/grants
VERIFY YOUR STANDING ON THE USATF COACHES REGISTRY FOR UPCOMING USATF COMPETITIONS
USATF members are encouraged to verify their compliance with USATF Coaches Registry requirements and take appropriate action now in preparation for upcoming USATF competitions. Members must be compliant with all USATF Coaches Registry requirements to receive a coach credential. Members may verify their status by logging into their membership profile on USATF Connect while development of the public Coaches Registry listing is under construction. To meet all requirements, a green (current) status must be displayed under membership, Center for SafeSport Training, Background Screening and the Coach Certification tabs. All requirements must be current through the last date of competition to qualify for a registered coach credential. In addition, members must be listed on the club profile and/or designated by declared athlete during the specified USATF Championship.
If you have not logged into your membership profile since USATF Connect launched (May 2020), you must first recover your account (click Recover Account button) on the login page to begin the process. US Center for SafeSport Training is now an every 365-day requirement and NCSI background screens are valid for two years from date of acceptance.
Members can find more information about each individual requirement, including options accepted for the Education Standard, at the following link. https://www.usatf.org/programs/coaches/coaches-registry
TRACK COACH — 7512 COACHES CORNER Q&A with Bowerman Coach Pascal Dobert
WHY IS RECOVERY IMPORTANT? Recovering properly from hard workouts allows the body to make the adaptations that are the result of the various stimuli from training. Proper recovery is also very important in injury prevention.
WHEN DID YOU START INCORPORATING RECOVERY TOOLS INTO TRAINING? WAS THERE A TURNING POINT IN YOUR COACHING CAREER, OR OTHER MENTOR WHO HELPED TEACH YOU ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS PILLAR? As an athlete I was fortunate enough to have worked with some of the best coaches the sport has ever seen, and recovery was always an important part of our training program. We would schedule easy jog days and have manual therapy lined up every week, either with a physical therapist or sports massage therapist.
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU DEVOTE TO RECOVERY? I would put stretching, foam rolling, and use of massage modalities like Hypervolt and Normatec in the recovery category, and I’d say our athletes at the Bowerman Track Club devote at least an hour a day, if not more, to recovery.
WHAT IS YOUR GO-TO HYPERICE PRODUCT FOR WARM-UP? WHAT IS THE ATHLETES’ FAV? I’d say its a toss-up between the Hypervolt and Normatec.
WHAT IS YOUR GO-TO HYPERICE PRODUCT FOR POST-WORKOUT? WHAT ARE THE ATHLETES USING MOST OFTEN? They love using the Normatec.
HOW HAS RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY, LIKE THE HYPERVOLT AND NORMATEC, CREATED BETTER EFFICIENCIES FOR YOUR TEAM AND STAFF TO BE ABLE TO MAKE RECOVERY A PART OF THE TRAINING? Hyperice products are very easy and convenient to travel with, so we can take those tools with us wherever we go. We bring them with us to the track for use before and after workouts, and I’ve even seen a few athletes use the Hypervolt in between reps.
WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE COACHES WHO ARE LOOKING TO IMPLEMENT RECOVERY ROUTINES FOR THEIR ATHLETES FOR THE FIRST TIME? Be consistent and build recovery routines into any smart training program.
DO YOU HAVE ANY EXAMPLES OF A TIME WHEN AN ATHLETE UPPED THEIR RECOVERY GAME AND SAW POSITIVE RESULTS? (Returning quicker than expected from an injury, prolonging their ability to compete into later years, finding a new PR, feeling overall better and more confident, having an incredible race day / season, etc.) Honestly we’ve always pushed recovery and stay on top of that important element of training.
ARE THERE CERTAIN ATHLETES YOU KNOW WHO DO AN EXCEPTIONAL JOB WITH THEIR RECOVERY ROUTINES, AND ANY TIPS FROM THEIR REGIMENS THAT WOULD BE HELPFUL FOR OTHER RUNNERS LOOKING TO OPTIMIZE THEIR TRAINING WITH BETTER RECOVERY HABITS? Not any one athlete in particular, I know the Normatec is in high demand by everyone after a hard session, and at major competitions like the World Championships and Olympic Games where our athletes have multiple rounds to run, we use the Normatec every day.
OBVIOUSLY TRAINING WELL WITH THE RIGHT COACH IS ABSOLUTELY KEY TO SUCCESS, AND SO IS PROPER NUTRITION, BUT HOW ELSE CAN ATHLETES MAXIMIZE ALL OF THEIR HARD WORK IN THE TIME IN BETWEEN PRACTICES? By implementing a comprehensive recovery program, whether it be massage, hydrotherapy, Normatec, using the Hypervolt, and/or just plain rest. A good recovery program would employ all of these strategies.
HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY LIKE HYPERICE PLAYED A ROLE IN HELPING TO OPTIMIZE THE BODY AFTER HARD TRAINING, AND GIVE RUNNERS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE TO BE THEIR ABSOLUTE BEST? These new technologies have allowed athletes to recover better and quicker, which translates into harder and more effective workouts over a longer period of time.
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