1. Ms. Madhuri Mulay, Head, IT Cell Category: 2. Ms. Kalpana Bhole, Asstt. Supe. Engineer, 3. Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra, Former Member Secretary Citizen Services and Governance Jeevan Pradhikaran, .

Before After

1 Citizen Services and Governance

. To protect water supply of Indian cities so that all people have access to safe and sufficient water even in Disasters. . purpose is to generate awareness of the safety of our drinking water supply so that cities can give service delivery even in crisis. . Our water utilities will be managed in an integrated manner to serve the interests of Indian people - effectively, efficiently, and equitably.

Mumbai Metropolitan Maharashtra Area (MMA)

3 22 % of State’s Mira- Population Bhayander Ulhas Nagar Total Population = 17 Million

Navi Mumbai Corpora- Councils tions = 7 = 13 MMA

Mumbai Total Water Supply = 5000 MLD 4 MMA 22 % of MMA State’s Population

GDP Per Capita (Rs/yr) Sales Tax (Billion Rs /yr) Disasters Faced

Natural Man-Made

MMA has sustained MMA has sustained disaster due to natural disaster due to Man- flood in 2005 Made crisis in 2008

. On both the occasions the water supply in MMA was totally affected. . The group along with others worked in both these calamities and successfully mitigated the crisis conditions. . In this initiative an account of both of these situations has been described. Disasters Faced

NaturalNatural Man-Made

MMA has sustained MMA has sustained disaster due to natural disaster due to Man- flood in 2005 Made crisis in 2008

. On both the occasions the water supply in MMA was totally affected. . The group along with others worked in both these calamities and successfully mitigated the crisis conditions. . In this initiative an account of both of these situations has been described. Cloud Burst

On Tuesday, July 26, 2005 India’s financial capital, Mumbai, received a record-breaking 944 mm (37.1”) of rain in a 24 hour period. 26 July, 2005 at Tropical Rainfall 3:39 p.m. Measuring Satellite

A dark red area found Heaviest directly over rainfall in Mumbai. dark red. 50 mm/hr

Lighter rainfall in Precipitation rate (mm/hour) blue 5 mm/hr 5 50 Traffic jammed due to flood

10 The metropolis was practically cut-off from other parts of India.

Railway tracks, which are the city’s lifelines, were washed away.

11 Dehrang Dam

Panvel City

Prestressed concrete Pipeline Washed Away. Before Flood After Flood The torrential rains were so devastating that the water supply schemes were disrupted. Flood Video Before Flood After Flood

To add to the agony, the water treatment plant was inundated and was completely filled with the mud. We required Otherwise 800 minimum tankers would amount of have to be water for deployed. and Ambarnth Diesel Short term: Generator Restore water and solve the crisis Platform

Gib crane Long term: Prepare disaster management plan Pumps put in operation Principle Disaster Source-3 Source-1

Source Source-2

Normal ×Affecte Normal

WTP-3 WTP-d1 WTP-2 Treatment Interlink-1

No Water Transmission

Interlink-

2 Distribution City-1 City-2 Normal MJP Supply MIDC MBR

WTP at Barrage To Badlapur 18 MLD

50 MLD

WTP at Kharvai

To Ambernath 18 MLD 50 MLD

18 MIDC Industrial Area MJP Supply MIDC Supply MIDC MBR

WTP at Barrage

WTP at Kharvai

19 MIDC Industrial Area MJP Supply MIDC MBR MIDC Supply Cross Connection Supply

WTP at Barrage Cross Connections at Forest Naka Disaster

16 MLD From Cross Connections WTP at

No Supply from MJP MIDC Industrial Area 20 700 MLD Source Ambernath MBR Jambhul

Badlapur ESR Tapping

MIDC Ambernath Pipeline ESR

21 Instituted the • Idea of committee • Prepared a interlinking of all hydraulic model water supply • Interlinking of all of the systems in the water supply transmission MMA. systems of 12 mains in MMA cities in MMA Success of Simulation this initiative Model

We received an international award in USA Completion Period Short term work: within 2 to 7 days. Long term measure: 8 months . The disaster of 2005 flood was efficiently solved, . Our work avoided law and order problem, . A large number of tankers were averted, . A disaster action plan was prepared which can manage any future crisis by interlinking principle Disasters Faced

Natural Man-Made

MMA has sustained MMA has sustained disaster due to natural disaster due to Man- flood in 2005 Made crisis in 2008

. On both the occasions the water supply in MMA was totally affected. . We worked in both the calamities and successfully mitigated the crisis. . In this part man made crisis situations has been described. .Barvi dam and provide water to cities in MMA Ulhas River Kalyan .Ulhas river gets water Ulhas-Nagar Barvi Weir from Bhivapuri hydro Dombivali Thane Barvi Dam electricity plant, Ulhas River .It is perennial and life Ambarnath line of the cities in the area. Badlapur Andra Dam.Total water supply of

Bhivapuri Hydro Project the cities in MMA is 5000 MLD Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

State Boundary

West East Ridge line separates flow directions of Bay of naturally occurring rain water. Bengal

WSSD, India Barvi

Ridge Line Ulhas River 193 MM3 West East

Patalganga River Bhivpuri 192 MM3

3 Hydro-electricity plants - at foot-hill on west side using water Bhira River of east flowing rivers. 821 MM3 Therefore, waters of Bhira east flowing rivers are transmitted to west. WSSD, India .Maharashtra can use Barvi only 212 TMC (6032 MM3) water in 5 years Ridge Line . 42.6 TMC(1206 Ulhas River MM3) in 1 year through 193 MM3 Westward Rivers

Patalganga River Bhivpuri 192 MM3

Khopoli Hydro-Electricity Plants

Bhira River 821 MM3

Bhira

WSSD, India Barvi Ridge Line

Ulhas River Tribunal 193 MM3

Bhivpuri can let out Patalganga River 192 MM3 only 193 MM3 water in Bhivpuri Ulhas river. Hydro-Electricity Plants Govt. Solicitor advised Khopoli GoM to restrict above flow while defending in Supreme Court. Bhira River 821 MM3 Hence, due to water cut, there was scarcity situation in the cities that depend on Ulhas Bhira River. WSSD, India West East Planning Barvi Ulhas River 193 MM3 WSSD took into confidence all agencies and planned to Patalganga River implement water cut 192 MM3 Bhivpuri

Water cut of 1 day per week was planned for cities that get supply Khopoli from Barvi Dam and Ulhas River Bhira River 821 MM3 On every Friday at 6 AM, water from Barvi Dam is stopped and Bhira resumed at 6 AM of Saturday WSSD, India West East One day water cut was imposed in MMA- due to Supreme Court’s orders

31 Ulhas River Kalyan Barvi Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar Dombivali Thane Ulhas River

Bhivapuri Navi Mumbai After Cut Before Cut

WSSD, India32 Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar Dombivali Thane FCV- FCV-11 closed at 6 FCV-1 opened AM of every after 24 hours Friday

Even after 30 hours Navi Mumbai Law and Millions Water could not Last Node order people did reach many problem not get cities and to last in 6 cities. water nodes . Simulation of behavior of systems in crisis . How it would help in restoring water supply whenever disaster strikes . Sustaining Lives of Millions 34 Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar Dombivali Thane FCV- 1

The Problem . Acute shortage of water in MMA Navi Mumbai . Life sustenance was in danger . Strong unrest. Last Node . Media highlighted problem - Newspaper - Television WSSD, India35 Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Media highlightedUlhas- Weir problem in Newspaper Nagar Dombivali Thane FCV- 1 Even after 30 hours

Navi Mumbai

Last Node

WSSD, India36 Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Media HighlightedUlhas- Weir Problem on Television Nagar Dombivali Thane FCV- 1 Even after 30 hours

Navi Mumbai

Last Node

WSSD, India37 Ulhas River Last Node Kalyan

Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar

Dombivali Thane FCV-1

Navi Mumbai

Last Node

People’s angry mood and vandalism.WSSD, India38 . The model contains existing pipelines in MMA. Ulhas River. Features- Valves, reservoirs, junctions, pipe Last Node elementsKalyan and demand nodes.

. Identifies operational inefficiencies of theBarvi system. Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar

Dombivali Thane FCV-1 The Hydraulic Model .Modeling of entire pipe network is studied. .Aim: Simulate scenarios of the actual crisis conditions Navi Mumbai Simulation of After making entire scenarios of .Re-Theengineered Hydraulic network - serve reliably, safely and efficiently. Last Node transmission pressure drop, Model of MMA .Hydraulic model: Understandingnetwork of the of water infrastructure,Snag was MMA found .Helps to take knowledge-based decisions.

.Mathematical description of a real-world system. WSSD, India39 GIS Based Hydraulic Model WSSD, India40 Ulhas River The entire network is Last Node Kalyan simulated in Barvi Dam Ulhas- WeirWaterGEMS. Nagar

Dombivali Thane ScenariosFCV-1

2 FCV-1 1 Last 3 NodeProblem Definition: Solution: Navi Mumbai Valve FCV-1 closes Normal Water Valves on low lying on Friday andLow Last Node Supply lying area are set. opens on Saturdayarea

WSSD, India41 Scenario-1: Normal Water Supply Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Even at farthest Nagar 107 m node sufficient Dombivali MBR Thanewater was available FCV- FCV-1 1 Ulhas 63 m Nagar Kalyan- Tank at Dombivali Shil Diva Navi Mumbai 150 150 Mira- Thane Navi 100LastLast Tank Node 100 Bhayander Mumbai 50

50 Full %Tank 0 Tank % Full % Tank Hours 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 WSSD, India42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Hours Scenario-2: Water Supply Closed on Friday and Ulhas Resumed on Saturday

Last Node River Start Kalyan Time from Start = 0 Weir Barvi Dam Ulhas- 111 m Is Time Status of Valve From Start FCV-1 = ClosedNagar = 6 hours Dombivali MBR Thane FCV- FCV-1 Is Time Status of Valve1 Required Level From Start FCV-1 = Open Ulhas = 30 hours 63 m Nagar

End Kalyan- Shil tank Dombivali 2 m 12 m Navi Mumbai Status = Open Status = Open

Mira- Thane Navi Mumbra Diva BhayanderLast Node Mumbai Tanks remained empty Excess Withdrawl Water Supply 30hours after ResumptionWSSD, India43 Scenario-2: Water Supply Closed on Friday and Ulhas Resumed on Saturday

Last Node River Start Kalyan Time from Start = 0 Weir Barvi Dam Ulhas- 107 m Is Time Status of Valve From Start FCV-1 = ClosedNagar Dombivali= 6 hours Thane FCV- FCV-1 Is Time Status of Valve1 From Start FCV-1 = Open Ulhas = 30 hours 63 m Nagar

End Kalyan- Dombivali 100 100 12 m 90 90 2 m 80 80 Status = Open Status = Open 70 Navi Mumbai 70 60 60 50 Valves Valves 50 Valves Valves 40 Closed Opened 40 Closed Opened Last30 Node Filling Time > 20 30 Emptying

Pipelines remained emptyHours Level TankFull) (% 20 Tank Level Level Tank Full) (% 20 MumbraTime Diva 10 10 0 0 Demand Reduced 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 WSSD, India44 WaterHours Supply 30hours after ResumptionHours Scenario-3: Water Supply When Valves were Set Ulhas Last Node River Kalyan Barvi Dam Ulhas- Weir Nagar 107 m Dombivali MBR Thane FCV- FCV-1 1 Required Level Ulhas 63 m Nagar Kalyan- Shil Tank Dombivali

Navi Mumbai Status = Close Status = Close

Mira- Thane Navi BhayanderLast Node Mumbai Mumbra Diva All pipelines are full and HGL attained WSSD, India45 Scenario-3: Water Supply When Valves were Set

Start Ulhas Time from Start = Last Node 0 River Kalyan Status of Before Our Solution Valve FCV-1= Closed 100 Is Time From FCV-2 is on Barvi Dam 90 Start = 6 Ulhas- Weir 80 Tank remained empty even after 30hours Setting of low lying 70 hours and started filling very slowly Valve FCVNagar-2= 107 m 60 10 ML/D area 50 Valves Valves 40 Closed OpenedDombivali Status of 30 FillingIs Time Time From > 20 Valve FCV-1= Thane Start = 30 FCV- FCV-1 Tank Level Level Tank Full) (% 20 Hours Open 10 hours 1 0 Setting of Ulhas 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Valve FCV-2= Nagar End 10 ML/D 63 m Hours Kalyan- Shil Tank Dombivali

After Our Solution Status = Close 30 30 Tank remainedStatus empty = Close up Navi Mumbai to 30 hours only 20 20

Filling Full % Last NodeTank remained empty up Mumbra Diva % Tank Full Tank % 10All pipelines full andTime HGL is attained 10 to 30 hours only instant` 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 WSSD, India46 Hours Hours Appreciation from Government/ Local Bodies

The Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal is thankful to your team for suggesting and carrying out necessary measures for restoring our water supply which was badly affected by the 1-day cut on every Friday. Now we get water supply in time, which has avoided law and order problem in this area and saved expenditure on large number of tankers.

Thanking you and your team for this grand success.

WSSD, India47 Appreciation from Government/ Local Bodies

Due to measures as suggested, there is marked improvement in water supply of cities in MMA.

Venkat Kalyankar, Officer on Special Duty, Government of Maharashtra

WSSD, India48 Avoided law and order problem

. Millions faced water problem . water was not reaching in stipulated time . Our study- mitigated this crisis . Re-engineering of the system . Satisfaction of common people . All people get water now in time . Solved the law and order problem . Mitigated the crisis.

WSSD, India49 Time Saving

. Water-not reaching tail end of the system . It took 14 hours to fill the empty pipelines . 30 hours to fill storage tanks. . Our work- saved crucial time lag of 30 hours . Time value of this saving cannot be measured . Concerns life sustenance of millions of people..

WSSD, India50 Money Saved

. Normally, daily life sustenance of one person require 20 liters. . If we consider volume of 1 tanker as 10,000 liters, for 500 persons we require 1 tanker. . This means for 1 million people we would have required 2000 tankers . And to cater for all, we would have required total 14,000 tankers . Even assuming 25 % population get water from local sources . We would require Rs 70 million/week . Therefore, for 6 months we saved Rs 0.42 billion

WSSD, India51 Sustaining Water Infrastructure

. The quality of drinking water supplied by the tanker is not assured . Our work has improved quality of drinking water- no tankers . Supplying water in time has improved service delivery . Minimized health risks and mortality . Improved image of department and Government . Water Gems Simulation Technique- enhanced reliability and sustaining power of water infrastructure in the region

WSSD, India52 . Indigenous model prepared in-house . Full fledged GIS model first time in India . Hydraulically balanced EPS model with large number of dynamic controls (27 dynamic controls) . Length of pipe network = 734,953 m . Number of valves = 67 . Number of tanks = 66

WSSD, India53 Overcoming the hurdles MIDC ID . Complex demography 19 MMR (archipelago, rivers, dams etc) ULBs DA

. Data collection and collation Centralized MJP Integrated ZP Model . Pipe network in brain, not on

computer Diverse Data from different sources . No inter communication captured under single model amongst various water utilities . No interlinking

WSSD, India54 . Considering importance of our indigenous model, GoM decided to replicate the crisis management model for the entire state. . All satellite images and digitized maps of all 247 cities/ towns of the state are being acquired. . Full fledged GIS model shall be prepared for all these cities in the state of Maharashtra. . The hydraulic EPS model using Water Gems shall also be used for transformation of intermittent water supply to 24x7 systems besides this crisis management model. WSSD, India55 We This experimented area, when on calibrated MMA is a vast disaster hydraulic area with struck, does model built in state’s 22 % not allow us to Bentley Water population experiment on and and is a field WaterGEMS growth engine haphazardly which when for India which might implemented, cause nuisance mitigated the disaster.

Our solution using hydraulic model mitigated the disaster.

WSSD, India56 Be Inspired Award 2009- Charlotte, USA

Crisis Management of Water Supply- Sustaining Lives of Millions in Mumbai Metropolitan Area

22 May 2006 , “Disaster Management” 13 Oct 2009, “Disaster Management” BE Excellence Award 2006, at Charlotte, USA , BE Excellence Award 2009, at Charlotte, USA Geo Spacial– Public Works Disaster Innovation in Water, Wastewater, and Management by Interlinking Water Works in Stormwater Networks– Mumbai Metropolitan Area Crisis Management of Water Supply in Developing Countries