Lower Steelpoort North East Prakitseer.Docx April 2011 I RECONCILIATION STRATEGY for LOWER STEELPOORT WSS REPORT NO

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

GREATER SEKHUKHUNE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY GREATER TUBATSE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LOWER STEELPOORT TUBATSE/ PRAKTISEER, LOWER STEELPOORT TUBATSE/ TUBATSE NORTH, LOWER STEELPOORT TUBATSE/ TUBATSE EAST

Praktiseer Scheme: Ga-Motodi, Dithabaneng, Bothashoek, Mabelane Mafogo, Mabotsha, Mokobola, Motsepulana, Praktiseer, Thusanang, Stas. Tubatse North Scheme: Mafarafara, Mafarafara Ext 1, Mahlashi, Makotaseng, Mantopi, Matokomane, Morgenzon, Pretoria Farm, Sehlabeng, Taung, Motshana, Taung Ext 1, Taung Ext 2. Tubatse East Scheme: Kgotlopong, Maakgongywane, Makgopa, Manawaneng, Masakeng, Mophalema, Makgwareng, Kgautswana, Mokutung.

DRAFT VERSION 1.3

April 2011

Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 35290 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning MENLO PARK Private Bag X313 0081 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 12 361 9821 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LOWER STEELPOORT WSS REPORT NO. { 1 }

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LOWER STEELPOORT TUBATSE /PRAKTISEER, TUBATSE NORTH AND TUBATSE EAST WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The rudimentary strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The focus of this document is on villages served by Lower Steelpoort Tubatse WSS/Practiseer, Steelpoort Tubatse WSS/Tubatse North and Steelpoort Tubatse WSS/Tubatse East found in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality of the Greater Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. The villages are given in the table below. Lower Steelpoort Water Supply Scheme Settlements

Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North Praktiseer Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East

MAFARAFARA GA-MOTODI KGOTLOPONG

MAFARAFARA EXT 1 DITHABANENG MAAKGONGYWANE

MAHLASHI BOTHASHOEK MAKGOPA

MAKOTASENG MABELANE - MAFOGO MANAWANENG

MANTOPI MABOTSHA MASAKENG

MATOKOMANE MOKOBOLA MOPHALEMA

MORGENZON MOTSEPULANA MAKGWARENG

PRETORIA FARM PRAKTISEER KGAUTSWANA

SEHLABENG THUSANANG MOKUTUNG

TAUNG STAS

MOTSHANA

TAUNG EXT 1

TAUNG EXT 2

The three Water Supply Scheme Areas are situated in the eastern part of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality. Water supply to the Lower Steelpoort is abstracted from boreholes with a limited surface water supply to few villages in this cluster.

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Surface water is only utilised in the Praktiseer cluster where the Praktiseer township and Bothashoek receive surface water supply from the Praktiseer Water Treatment Plant which abstracts from the Steelpoort River. Water Resource Availability and Requirements Water consumption was estimated by WSM Leshika, 2005 for Tubatse East as 0.24 Million m3/a, 0.0677 Million m 3/a for Tubatse North and 0.154 Million m 3/a for Praktiseer (include consumption for Alverton) for Praktiseer. Surface water available from the Praktiseer WTW for the Praktiseer and Bothashoek villages was calculated to be 0.84 Million m 3/a. This figure was calculated using the percentage population for the three settlements supplied by the Praktiseer WTW and the design capacity of the works. A surface water consumption of 0.876 Million m3/a is quoted in the Greater Sekhukhune WSDP report for Steelpoort River. This figure is assumed to be the water use by the villages obtaining water from the Praktiseer WTW since the three villages are the only ones where surface water is utilised for domestic use. Water requirement based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 1.528 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 2.06 Million m3/a for the year 2030 for Praktiseer.

Tubatse North water requirement is based on the Eskom population which was calculated to have a high growth value of 0.296 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 0.346 Million m 3/a for the year 2030 while

Tubatse East water requirement, based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 0.477 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 0.59 Million m 3/a for the year 2030. Groundwater use for Praktiseer was estimated at 1.08 Million m3/a and the available groundwater for this cluster was estimated at 0.05 Million m 3/a. Groundwater use for Tubatse North was estimated at 0.2 Million m 3/a while the groundwater available was estimated at 0.01 Million m 3/a. For Tubatse East the groundwater use is estimated at 0.32 Million m 3/a and the available groundwater was estimated at 0.02 Million m3/a.

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Water Balance with Reconciliation Options The cluster appears to be sufficiently supplied up to 2020 on the current ground and water supply against the current and future water requirement. A potential of 0.05 Million m 3/a, is available from existing but not operated groundwater infrastructure for further development which will bring the total supply to 1.97 Million m3/a, this will be sufficient for the current but will still not meet the demands from 2025 to 2030.

Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures – Praktiseer Cluster.

2.50

2.00

Currentlevel of service

1.50

Mm³/annum 20% growth in house connection by 2025 1.00 5% growth in house connection by 2015

0.50

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

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Water Balance with Reconciliation Options The cluster appears to be in deficit base on the current groundwater supply against the current and future water requirement, A potential of 0.01 Million m3/a, is available from existing but not operated groundwater infrastructure for further development. The available 0.2 Million m3/a augmented by the 0.01 Million m3/a will still be insufficient to meet the current and future demands.

Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures – Tubatse North.

0.4

Currentlevel 0.35 of service

0.3

0.25 20% growth in house connection 5% growth in by 2025 Mm³/annum 0.2 house connection by 2015 0.15

0.1

0.05

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Surface Water) Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

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Water Balance with Reconciliation Options The cluster also appears to be in deficit based on the current groundwater supply against the current and future water requirement, A potential of 0.02 Million m 3/a, is available from existing but not operated groundwater infrastructure for further development. The available 0.32 Million m 3/a augmented by the 0.02 Million m 3/a will still be insufficient to meet the current and future demands.

Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures – Tubatse East .

0.70

0.60 Currentlevel of service

0.50

0.40 20% growth in

Mm³/annum 5% growth in house connection house by 2025 0.30 connection by 2015

0.20

0.10

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

Confidence level of Information available for the study area The confidence level for information used for this strategy is low. There are no records of the actual water supply volumes. The confidence in the information can be improved through the validation of the current water use and supply. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:

The Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer cluster water supply is considered to have a Priority 2 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. The cluster will be deficient by 2025. The Lower Steelpoort Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters water supply is considered to have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. The Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters are currently in deficit. Water allocations must be registered .

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CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirements for the Praktiseer cluster was calculated as 1.528 Million m3/a, using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 2.06 Million m 3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. The available water supply yield for Praktiseer from the Praktiseer WTW is 0.84 Million m 3/a. The groundwater use for Praktiseer cluster is currently at 1.08 Million m 3/a while the available groundwater was estimated at 0.05 Million m 3/a. Tubatse North cluster has current water requirements of 0.296 Million m 3/a with a 2030 high scenario projection of 0.346 Million m 3/a. The cluster has a current groundwater yield use of 0.2 Million m 3/a and available groundwater of 0.01 Million m 3/a. The Tubatse East current water requirements was calculated as 0.477 Million m 3/a with a 2030 projection of 0.59 Million m3/a. The groundwater use is estimated at 0.32 Million m 3/a and the available groundwater estimated at 0.02 Million m 3/a.

• The current surface water supply and the sustainable yield of the production boreholes is sufficient to meet the current and projected water requirements up to 2024 for the three Praktiseer cluster. However, a detailed hydro geological assessment and borehole census for the region is required to confirm the groundwater availability.

• The current sustainable yield of the production boreholes is insufficient to meet the current and projected water requirements for the Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters. However, a detailed hydro geological assessment and borehole census for the region is required to confirm the groundwater availability.

• Potential to extend groundwater use as an addition source of supply is very limited. The exploitable groundwater potential for the three clusters is very low.

• Based on the consumption analysis, The Praktiseer cluster is considered to have a Priority 2 (Medium) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the clusters are will only be deficient from 2025. The Tubatse North and Tubatse East Schemes are considered to have a Priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the clusters are currently in deficit.

Strategy/Recommendations • Existing groundwater needs to be confirmed and a feasibility study to be carried out to identify additional boreholes to augment the current and future water supply for the clusters.

• Developing, implementing and monitoring of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy is urgently required.

• Limit wasteful water use in order to control water consumption and utilise available groundwater to its full potential.

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Signature

This is a strategy for the Lower Steelpoort Praktiseer, Lower Steelpoort Tubatse North and Lower Steelpoort Tubatse Water Supply Schemes and it has been accepted and signed by Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Greater Tubatse Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status

Lower Steelpoort Olifants Greater Greater Draft Praktiseer, North Sekhukhune Sekhukhune and East District DM Municipality

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………...... Greater Position:…………………………… [Title and Tubatse LM name] DM

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………………………DWA Position:………………………………DWA D: Regional Office National Water Resource Planning

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 2

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 4

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 4

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 5

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 5

3.2 Level of services ...... 5

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 7

4.1 Future water requirements ...... 7

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 8

5.1 Surface water resources ...... 8

5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 9

5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 9

5.1.3 Quality ...... 9

5.2 Groundwater ...... 10

5.2.1 Other water users from the same source ...... 10

5.2.2 Water allocation/s ...... 11

5.2.3 Quality ...... 11

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 11

6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE ...... 11

6.1 Lower Steelpoort Cluster (Praktiseer, Tubatse North & Tubatse East) ...... 11

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town ...... 17

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 17

8 SANITATION ...... 17

8.1 Level of services ...... 18

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 19

8.2.1 Return flows ...... 19

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8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 19

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 19

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM...... 19

9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 20

9.3 Ground water ...... 20

9.4 Re-use ...... 20

9.5 Surface water ...... 20

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater ...... 20

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 20

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 20

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water availability ...... 20

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 26

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 26

13 REFERENCES ...... 27

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements ( Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer) ...... 14

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures - Praktiseer ...... 23

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Current service levels - Praktiseer ...... 6

Table 3-2: Current service levels – Tubatse North ...... 6

Table 3-3: Current service levels – Tubatse East ...... 6

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections – Praktiseer ...... 7

Table 4-2: Water Requirement projections – Tubatse North ...... 8

Table 4-3: Water Requirement projections – Tubatse East ...... 8

Table 5-1: Water users dependent on surface water within the Praktiseer ...... 9

Table 5-2: Water users dependent on surface water within the Lower Steelpoort ...... 11

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) – Praktiseer ..... 11

Table 6-2: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse North ...... 12

Figure 6-2: Future water requirements ( Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North) ...... 15

Table 8-1: Current service levels - Praktiseer ...... 18

Table 8-2: Current service levels – Tubatse North ...... 18

Table 8-3: Current service levels – Tubatse East ...... 19

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Praktiseer .... 21

Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse North ...... 21

Table 10-3: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse East 22

Figure 10-2: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures – Tubatse North ...... 24

Figure 10-3: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 25

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality GTLM Greater Tubatse Local Municipality IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality LPN Lepelle Northern Water MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water

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xi RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LOWER STEELPOORT WSS REPORT NO. { 1 }

WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study area

This study area includes the town settlements served by the Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer, Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North and Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East water supply schemes found in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality of the Greater Sekhukhune District. Settlements in the three schemes are listed in the table below. Lower Steelpoort Water Supply Sch eme Settlements

Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North Praktiseer Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East

MAFARAFARA GA-MOTODI KGOTLOPONG

MAFARAFARA EXT 1 DITHABANENG MAAKGONGYWANE

MAHLASHI BOTHASHOEK MAKGOPA

MAKOTASENG MABELANE - MAFOGO MANAWANENG

MANTOPI MABOTSHA MASAKENG

MATOKOMANE MOKOBOLA MOPHALEMA

MORGENZON MOTSEPULANA MAKGWARENG

PRETORIA FARM PRAKTISEER KGAUTSWANA

SEHLABENG THUSANANG MOKUTUNG

TAUNG STAS

MOTSHANA

TAUNG EXT 1

TAUNG EXT 2

The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.

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1.2 Regional Setting The GTLM is located north of the N4 highway, Middelburg, Belfast and Nelspruit, and east of the N1 highway, Groblersdal and Polokwane. The area of jurisdiction is approximately 4 550 km² in size and is known as the Middelveld as it is located between the Highveld and Lowveld regions. It forms part of the Sekhukhune District Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The district also includes Elias Motsoaledi LM, Greater Marble Hall LM, Greater Makhuduthamaga LM and Greater Fetakgomo LM. The area was established after the local government elections of 2000 as an outflow of the municipal demarcation process.

Greater Tubatse Local Municipality is a cross-border municipality with Burgersfort as its seat. It is a category B municipality. Its name “Tubatse” has been derived from the Tubatse River (Steelpoort River). Its border trends from the Olifants River (North of the Strydom Tunnel to 35km South of Lydenburg, from Ohrigstad to Steelpoort Park). The major rivers in the area are Tubatse (Steelpoort) River, Spekboom River, Olifants River and Ohrigstad River. In the bigger towns, purified water is pumped from the rivers but Ohrigstad and the rural areas are dependent for their water from boreholes. Greater Tubatse Local Municipality (Burgersfort) is situated on Road P33/2 and at ± 160 km from Nelspruit, ± 160 km from Middelburg, ± 160 km from Polokwane and ± 60 km from Lydenburg.

The Praktiseer, Tubatse North and Tubatse East scheme are situated in the Lower Steelpoort sub-basin of the Steelpoort River basin. The Steelpoort River Basin experiences rainfall predominantly in the summer months between October and March with the mean annual rainfall ranging between 630 – 1000mm. The Lower Steelpoort Sub-basin demarcates the border between Mpumalanga and the Northern Province. The Lower Steelpoort sub-basin is mostly rural and income is derived from remittances, state salaries and welfare payments. Mining is one of the major sources for employment in the Steelpoort basin. The portion of the Mpumalanga Province in the Steelpoort basin has a significant economic base through the mining and agricultural sectors that stimulates the region’s economy.

Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality is the water services providers. Water supply to the Lower Steelpoort is abstracted from boreholes with a limited surface water supply to few villages in this cluster. Praktiseer and Bothashoek are supplied with surface water from the Praktiseer Water Treatment Plant that abstracts water from the Steelpoort River.

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Figure 1.1 Locality Plan

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1.3 Economic Drivers The Limpopo Growth and Development Strategy (LGDS) identifies Steelpoort and Burgersfort as district growth point and provincial growth point respectively. The Limpopo Provincial objective to establish at least one prominent growth point in each municipality can be achieved by focusing economic development in these development nodes. These growth points already have a meaningful economic sector featuring a measure of job creation, as well as various higher-order social facilities such as hospitals and/or health centres.

Burgersfort -Stoffberg Corridor is secondary corridor that can play role in the development of mining. This corridor extends from Burgersfort through Steelpoort to Stoffberg about 90 kilometers away. Although there are about three mines located along this corridor to date, it has attracted limited urban development within its sphere of influence, particularly housing development. Only the Ngwabe settlement, is located adjacent to this road. This could possibly be explained by the private rather than communal ownership of property, and dominance of commercial agriculture along the Steelpoort river basin. There are however numerous guesthouses, camping sites and resorts, a nature reserve and Steelpoort urban node. Most development along this route is concentrate around Steelpoort urban node. The potential of this corridor seems to lie on attracting further overnight accommodation establishments, retail outlets providing refreshments to those travelling up and down R555, and cluster/s of retail and service businesses (e.g. food outlets, autobanks, filling stations, tourist information center etc) at appropriate intersections that can serve both local communities and tourists (both leisure and business). It is not expected that the urban development along the length of this route will be continuous but will be dotted like ‘beads on a string’. There is simply not enough development energy extend to all available land, at least in the short term. It is therefore recommended that specific locales along this corridor be identified for urban development in the immediate future.

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for information used for this strategy is low. There are no records of the actual water supply volumes. The confidence in the information can be improved through the validation of the current water use and supply. 2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

Population data for the cluster is included below in Table .1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.

Both the low and high growth scenarios for the Lower Steelpoort Tubatse Water Supply Scheme/Praktiseer, were assessed as having a positive growth potential; here the population is anticipated to increase from the 2007 figure of 42366 to 53696 in 2030.

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Both the low and high growth scenarios for the Lower Steelpoort Tubatse Water Supply Scheme/Tubatse North, were assessed as having a negative growth potential; here the population is anticipated to decrease from the 2007 figure of 8681 to 7918 in 2030.

Both the low and high growth scenarios for the Lower Steelpoort Tubatse Water Supply Scheme/Tubatse East, were assessed as having a negative growth potential; here the population is anticipated to decrease from the 2007 figure of 13433 to 12721 in 2030. 3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use Water consumption was estimated by WSM Leshika, 2005 for Tubatse East as 0.24 Million m3/a, 0.0677 Million m 3/a for Tubatse North and 0.154 Million m 3/a for Praktiseer (include consumption for Alverton) for Praktiseer. A surface water use of 0.876 Million m3/a is quoted in the Greater Sekhukhune WSDP report for Steelpoort River for 2005. This figure is assumed to be the water use in the Praktiseer scheme since this is the only area where surface water for domestic use is significantly used. Water requirement based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 1.528 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 2.06 Million m 3/a for the year 2030 for Praktiseer. Tubatse North water requirement based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 0.296 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 0.346 Million m3/a for the year 2030 while Tubatse East water requirement based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 0.477 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 0.59 Million m 3/a for the year 2030.

3.2 Level of services

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria. Information obtained from Mr Malatjie of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality indicates that Bothashoek and Praktiseer have house connections while the major part of the three scheme areas are served with yard connections and communal taps. Some of the villages have no reticulation and fetch water directly from the source, thus below RDP standard sources. The Greater Tubatse 2008 IDP reports that historically piped potable water at GTM was available only in the towns of Burgersfort, Steelpoort and Ohrigstad, few ‘black” formal townships e.g. Praktiseer and Eerste Geluk, mines and public institutions, e.g. hospital, police stations, etc. In the rural or peri-urban areas the water is provided mainly through standpipes on the streets. 17 % of the people obtain their water from natural resources which includes rivers, streams and rainfall, 72.5 % of people obtain water from public taps, 6.8% from a borehole and only 51.8 % from an onsite tap”

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Table 3-1: Current service levels - Praktiseer

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

None/ own Service level House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m)

WSNIS, 2007 11 8 23 13 45

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is high with 58% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 . Table 3-2: Current service levels – Tubatse North

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

None/ own Service level House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m)

WSNIS, 2007 13 9 31 11 37

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is medium with 48% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 . Table 3-3: Current service levels – Tubatse East

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

None/ own Service level House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m)

WSNIS, 2007 14 10 41 8 27

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is medium with 35% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

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4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future water requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1, Table 4-2 and Table 4- 3. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1.

• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as 80% of the population in the cluster supplied below RDP standard for Tubatse East, 78% supplied below RDP standard for Tubatse North and 60% supplied below RDP standard for the Praktiseer cluster [9]. .

• Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015.

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections – Praktiseer

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Mm 3/a Mm 3/a

(1) Actual 42,366 42,366 1.273 1.273

2010 44,063 44,636 1.339 1.356

2015 45,981 47,581 1.477 1.528

2020 47,266 49,938 1.715 1.812

2025 47,696 51,431 1.830 1.973

2030 48,815 53,696 1.873 2.060

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Table 4-2: Water Requirement projections – Tubatse North

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Mm 3/a Mm 3/a

(1) Actual 8,681 8,681 0.296 0.296

2010 8,322 8,373 0.287 0.289

2015 7,952 8,109 0.290 0.296

2020 7,800 7,996 0.322 0.330

2025 7,733 7,940 0.337 0.347

2030 7,704 7,918 0.336 0.346

Table 4-3: Water Requirement projections – Tubatse East

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Mm 3/a Mm 3/a

(1) Actual 13,433 13,433 0.477 0.477

2010 13,091 13,172 0.471 0.473

2015 12,706 12,916 0.486 0.494

2020 12,540 12,802 0.547 0.559

2025 12,474 12,745 0.578 0.591

2030 12,445 12,721 0.577 0.590

Note:

(1) Base population is provided for 2007. The water requirements are estimated from 2003 data. 5 WATER RESOURCES

5.1 Surface water resources Surface water is significantly used in the Praktiseer cluster while Tubatse North and Tubatse East cluster are supplied largely with groundwater from boreholes. Surface water supplied to the Praktiseer cluster is abstracted from the Steelpoort River, purified at the Praktiseer Water Treatment Plant and supplied to the settlements of Praktiseer. Bothashoek and Ga-Manoke.

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Steelpoort River is the surface water source in the Steelpoort Basin where the Praktiseer cluster resides. The Steelpoort River is one of the main tributaries of the Olifants River. The Steelpoort catchment consists of the area drained by the Steelpoort River and its main tributaries, the Klip, Dwars, Waterval and Spekboom Rivers. The Steelpoort River flows north-eastwards through a gorge in the escarpment before joining the middle reaches of the Olifants River. Groundwater inflows from the Chuniespoort dolomites provide an important component of the water in the Steelpoort River.

Flow patterns in the upper reaches of the Steelpoort River and its tributaries are relatively stable as this rivers drain an area that receives some of the highest rainfalls recorded in South Africa (average rainfalls in the headwater regions of these two rivers exceeds 1100 mm per year). Whilst all the rivers are perennial, flows increase during the summer months when rain is received.

5.1.1 Water allocation/s

A licensed abstraction of 1.022 million m 3/a is quoted in the Greater Sekhukhune WSDP for Steelpoort River. 0.18 Million m 3/a was calculated using percent population to be the allocation to Ga-Manoke which is a settlement situated outside the Praktiseer scheme area. The remainder 0.84 Million m 3/a was calculated for the townships of Praktiseer and Bothashoek. This abstraction is assumed to be licensed for the Praktiseer WTW since the Praktiseer water supply area is the only area that uses surface water significantly from Steelpoort River for domestic supply. A registered surface water use of 0.236 Million m 3/a is registered on the WARMS data for irrigation purpose.

5.1.2 Other water users from the same source

Irrigation plays a role in the Lower Steelpoort water supply area. The irrigation licensed abstractions registered in the WARMA database and domestic water supply are listed in the table below.

Table 5-1: Water users dependent on surface water within the Praktiseer

Licensed abstraction (Mm 3/a) Ecological Reserve Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Other

Steelpoort River 0.84 0.236

5.1.3 Quality

A water quality study done in 1995 by DWA on the Middle Steelpoort basin indicated that surface water resources in the Steelpoort basin is being threatened by increasing levels of contaminants from industrial, agricultural, mining and residential sources. The report concluded that surface water is potable with nominal treatment. Surface water was found to be suitable for stock watering. Water quality deteriorates in the downstream direction and is the worst in the central Steelpoort sub-basin where the majority of the basin’s population lives. The Greater Sekhukhune WSDP reports that the quality of water from the weir constructed by DWA on the lower Steelpoort River that is meant to supply the Praktiseer Water Treatment Plant is poor.

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5.2 Groundwater The 1:500 000 General Hydro geological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series and GRAII data has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area. The geology of the area consists of basic rocks of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, consisting predominantly of magnetite-rich gabbros, norites, anorthosites, pyroxenites and gabbroic rocks of the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) The central part of the cluster is located in the Timeball hill Rooihooghte formation, with typical lithologies being Shale and Andesite, this unit is intruded by Calcrete Sands, Andesite, Arenite, Dolomite and Shale.

The fractured aquifer of the Hydro geological zone d4 i.e. intergranular and fractured aquifer with yield ranging between occupies the largest part of the scheme with borehole yields ranging between 0.5l/s to 5.0l/s, this aquifer classifies as a poor to minor aquifer on the Parson’s (1995) Classification scheme. Groundwater use from this formation is restricted to domestic and stock watering purposes, mainly because of the generally low yields obtained from boreholes drilled into this formation. Recorded groundwater rest levels vary between 10 and 30 m below surface. The majority of the boreholes in the scheme are located in this area. In the centre of the scheme are two Hydro geological zones. To the east is a poor to minor aquifer of zone b1, which is a fractured aquifer with yields between 0l/s to 0.1l/s an to the west trending in a southerly direction is Hydro geological zone d1 and intergranular fractured aquifer with yields between 0l/s to 0.1l/s, consequently very few boreholes are located in this zone.

The DWA database shows that there are 71 boreholes in the catchment. Borehole depth is available for 20 boreholes ranging from a minimum of 9.3mbgl to 142 mbgl and an average of 66.23mbgl. No data is available for water strikes in the boreholes, water levels range from 0 mbgl to maximum of 27.87mbgl and mean of 10.87mbgl. The data on borehole yields appears to be so unreliable and was therefore not used in estimating the groundwater resource in the area.. 1Current groundwater use in the catchment is estimated at 1.6Mm 3/a

The bulk of the scheme area is occupied by the quaternary catchments B41K, B60H and B71G B60G. Total recharge over the quaternary scheme area has been estimated at 3 3 20Mm /a. The UGEP dry for the catchment is 0.5Mm /a, leaving an available resource of 0.08Mm 3/a

5.2.1 Other water users from the same source

Irrigation plays a role in the Lower Steelpoort water supply area. The irrigation licensed abstractions registered in the WARMS database and domestic water supply are listed in the table below.

1 Based on the maximum potential yield from the boreholes for the hydrogeological zone and the number of equipped boreholes.

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Table 5-2: Water users dependent on surface water within the Lower Steelpoort

Licensed abstraction (Mm 3/a) Ecological Reserve Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Other

Nkomati River 0.0823 0.0276

5.2.2 Water allocation/s

Water use in the Lower Steelpoort (Praktiseer, Tubatse North and Tubatse East) is estimated at 1.6 Million m 3/a while the available yield is estimated at 0.08 Million m 3/a.

5.2.3 Quality Water quality data provided for the scheme is limited, 66 (92%) of the boreholes do not have water class data. An analysis of the water quality data was performed on 5 boreholes for which data was available. Of these boreholes 3 (4%) are Class O and 2(2.8%) are Class I. This suggests that water quality might be problematic in the catchment. The groundwater quality ranges from ideal water quality, suitable for life time use (Class 0) to Dangerous water quality totally unsuitable for use which may cause acute effects. Coupled to this is the Fluoride levels in recorded in some of the boreholes, of the 17 boreholes for which Fluoride data is available 17 are in Class 0 and Class I, rendering the water suitable for human consumption. There is no obvious trend in the spatial occurrence of water quality. It is however recommended that detailed considerations be taken into consideration when developing groundwater in the area.

5.3 Water Re-use

No information on water re-use. 6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE

The current and future water balances for the Moletje East cluster are summarised in Table 6-1 and graphically indicated in Figure 6-1.

The current abstracted and registered volumes and quality of the water provided to the Moletje East cluster are summarised in Table 6-2, where the information is available.

6.1 Lower Steelpoort Cluster (Praktiseer, Tubatse North & Tubatse East)

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) – Praktiseer

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080

Surface Available Supply water 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840

Total Available Supply 1.920 1.920 1.920 1.920 1.920 1.920

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Low Growth 1.273 1.339 1.477 1.715 1.830 1.873 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 1.273 1.356 1.528 1.812 1.973 2.060

Low Growth 0.647 0.581 0.443 0.205 0.090 0.047

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.647 0.564 0.392 0.108 -0.053 -0.140

Table 6-2: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse North

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200

Surface Available Supply water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200

Low Growth 0.296 0.287 0.290 0.322 0.337 0.336 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.296 0.289 0.296 0.330 0.347 0.346

Low Growth -0.096 -0.087 -0.090 -0.122 -0.137 -0.136

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.096 -0.089 -0.096 -0.130 -0.147 -0.146

Table 6-3: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a)- Tubatse East

Description Source Actua 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 l

Groundwater 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320

Surface Available Supply water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320

Low Growth 0.477 0.471 0.486 0.547 0.578 0.577 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.477 0.473 0.494 0.559 0.591 0.590

Low Growth -0.157 -0.151 -0.166 -0.227 -0.258 -0.257

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.157 -0.153 -0.174 -0.239 -0.271 -0.270

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Table 6-6: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m 3/a)-Lower Steelpoort

Description Source Quantity Comment

Registered Use Surface Water n/a (Million m 3/a) Groundwater

Surface Water Actual Abstraction (Million m 3/a) Groundwater 1.6

Surface Water Available Yield (Million m 3/a) Groundwater 0.08

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2.500

2.000

Current level of service

1.500 20% growth in house connection Mm³/annum by 2025 5% growth in 1.000 house connection by 2015

0.500

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements ( Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer)

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0.400

0.350

0.300 20% growth in house connection 0.250 by 2025 5% growth in Currentlevel house of service connection by

Mm³/annum 0.200 2015

0.150

0.100

0.050

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-3: Future water requirements ( Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North)

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0.700

Currentlevel of service 0.600

0.500 20% growth in house connection by 2025 0.400 5% growth in

Mm³/annum house connection by 0.300 2015

0.200

0.100

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-3: Future water requirements ( Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East)

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6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town

The Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer cluster water supply is considered to have a Priority 2 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. The cluster will be deficient by 2025.

The Lower Steelpoort Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters water supply is considered to have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. The Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters are currently in deficit. Water allocations must be registered.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use. 7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

Some of the settlements in the Lower Steelpoort/Praktiseer cluster are served with domestic water supply from the Steelpoort River via the Praktiseer WTW. The remainder of villages in the Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse North and Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East receive groundwater supply from boreholes. Groundwater in some of the villages especially in the Lower Steelpoort/Tubatse East is augmented by water from fountains. Praktiseer /Tubatse WTW:

This WTW supplies the villages to the North of Burgersfort (Praktiseer, Bothashoek and Ga- Manoke). There have been severe problems with this whole water supply system. The plant of the WTW’s was originally installed as temporary works. A new weir has been constructed by DWAF on the lower Steelpoort River to supply these works. However there are already problems with siltation and poor water quality at the weir. The Works are currently being upgraded. A Consultant has been appointed. The Design Capacity of the old works is reputed to be 1.022 Million m 3/a. It was reported in to be delivering about 0.62 Million m 3/a. The need for these works will become obsolete when a new Regional WTW is implemented Mooihoek.

The Lower Steelpoort (Praktiseer, Tubatse North and Tubatse East) Water Schemes serve mostly rural villages with borehole water, water from fountains and surface water from Steelpoort River. The water is stored in concrete reservoirs, steel reservoirs and jojo tanks. Water is reticulated to below RDP standard communal taps especially in Tubatse East and Tubatse North while few villages in Praktiseer scheme area like Praktiseer and Bothashoek have house and yard connections. A few pump stations also form part of the distribution network in this system. More than 90% of the settlements have reservoirs. This information was obtained from Personal communication with Mr Malatjie and Mr Molepo of the Greater Tubatse Local municipality. 8 SANITATION

Sanitation service in the lower Steelpoort is by means of Below RDP standard Pit Latrines. Few villages have VIP toilets while townships like Praktiseer have waterborne sewerage system.

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8.1 Level of services

The level of sanitation service is quoted in the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Regional Strategy and Infrastructure Plan, 2003 by BKS as 90% below RDP standard for Praktiseer Scheme, 90% below RDP for Tubatse North Scheme and 90% below RDP for Tubatse East.

The current level of service for Praktiseer is indicated in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Current service levels - Praktiseer

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Septic tanks, digester, Pit latrine Service level Flush toilet None, chemical, desludger, with (connected to bucket or pit latrine effluent discharge ventilation sewerage system) without ventilation to an oxidation (VIP) pond, etc

Population (NIS, 20 3 19 59 2007)

Information in the above table is based on the WSNIS data. Level of sanitation service has been improved with an increased number of households connected to sewerage system and more pit latrines with ventilation constructed as indicated by GSDM. The LOH for water services is high with 59% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

The current level of service for Tubatse North is indicated in Table 8-2.

Table 8-2: Current service levels – Tubatse North

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Septic tanks, digester, Pit latrine Service level Flush toilet desludger, with (connected to effluent discharge ventilation sewerage system) to an oxidation (VIP) pond, etc

Population (NIS, 20 3 19 59 2007)

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The current level of service for Tubatse East is indicated in Table 8-3.

Table 8-3: Current service levels – Tubatse East

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Septic tanks, digester, Pit latrine Service level Flush toilet desludger, with (connected to effluent discharge ventilation sewerage system) to an oxidation (VIP) pond, etc

Population (NIS, 20 3 19 58 2007)

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) A 0.146 Million m 3/a oxidation ponds exist in the east of Praktiseer township. The ponds were originally built to serve the clinic and the police station. The sewer system has now expanded to serve businesses and houses along the sewer route. These ponds were operated by the Department of Water and Affairs.

8.2.1 Return flows

There is no information on return flows.

8.2.2 State of WWTW

The current state of the WWTW is unknown but assumptions are made that the ponds are in good condition since the GSDM Water Services Development Plan reported them in 2008 as being refurbished. 9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM

There is generally no water conservation or demand management policy for the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality. Water is provided free of charge to all residential and institutional consumers in the Lower Steelpoort. Water consumption is not measured to individual consumers and very few private connections are registered. Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis.

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19 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LOWER STEELPOORT WSS REPORT NO. { 1 }

For reconciliation purposes it has been assumed that the WC/WDM ones implemented will reduce water requirements by 1% per annum from 2010 to 2013 and 2% per annum from 2013 to 2018. This is presented on Figures10-1, 10-2 and 10-3.

9.2 Rain water harvesting

There is a significant use of rain water as a source of domestic supply. Many households collects rain water with Jojo tanks since the current groundwater supply does not meet their domestic demands.

9.3 Ground water

The exploitable ground water potential in the three water supply schemes is, based on the available information, potentially over utilised.

The groundwater supply from fountains is not monitored or metered.

Further groundwater abstraction is, however, not advised without detailed metering of abstraction volumes and water levels.

9.4 Re-use

Not applicable.

9.5 Surface water

Praktiseer WTP has a capacity of 0.84 Million m 3/a for Praktiseer and Bothashoek settlements.

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

The available surface water from the Praktiseer WTW is at 0.84 Million m 3/a. This supply will serve the Praktiseer cluster. The available groundwater to augment this supply is at 0.05 Million m 3/a. The combined surface and groundwater yield is sufficient to meet current and future demands up to 2020 for this cluster. Tubatse North relies completely on groundwater and has a groundwater availability of 0.2 Million m 3/a which is insufficient to meet the future demands. The available 0.01 Million m 3/a is used to augment the current groundwater supply for this cluster. Tubatse East also relies on groundwater sources for domestic supply. A groundwater use of 0.32 Million m 3/a was calculated while a groundwater availability of 0.02 Million m 3/a was estimated. The available yield is insufficient to augment the current supply up to 2030 for Tubatse East cluster.

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights

Not applicable. 10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water availability

Water use allocation and registration is viewed as an important aspect in drawing a water balance and developing reconciliation options. Perspectives are provided with respect to the extent of used and/or unused resources where information is available and is summarised in

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Tables 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 and illustrated graphically in Figure 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 for the Lower Steelpoort Schemes.

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Praktiseer

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080

Available Supply Surface water 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840

Groundwater 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Augmentation Measures Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.050 0.050

Total Available Supply 1.920 1.920 1.920 1.920 1.970 1.970

Low Growth 1.273 1.339 1.477 1.715 1.830 1.873 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 1.273 1.356 1.528 1.812 1.973 2.060

Low Growth 0.000 0.013 0.133 0.223 0.238 0.243 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.014 0.138 0.236 0.256 0.268

Low Growth 0.647 0.595 0.576 0.428 0.378 0.341

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.647 0.577 0.529 0.344 0.254 0.178

Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse North

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200

Available Supply Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Groundwater 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 Augmentation Measures Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210

Demand Low Growth 0.296 0.287 0.290 0.322 0.337 0.336 Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.296 0.289 0.296 0.330 0.347 0.346

Low Growth 0.000 0.003 0.026 0.042 0.044 0.044 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.003 0.027 0.043 0.045 0.045

Low Growth -0.086 -0.074 -0.054 -0.070 -0.084 -0.083

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.086 -0.076 -0.059 -0.077 -0.091 -0.091

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Table 10-3: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) – Tubatse East

Description Source Actua 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 l

Groundwater 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320

Available Supply Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Groundwater 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 Augmentation Measures Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340

Demand Requirement Low Growth 0.477 0.471 0.486 0.547 0.578 0.577 (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.477 0.473 0.494 0.559 0.591 0.590

Low Growth 0.000 0.005 0.044 0.071 0.075 0.075 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.005 0.044 0.073 0.077 0.077

Low Growth -0.137 -0.126 -0.102 -0.136 -0.163 -0.162

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.137 -0.129 -0.109 -0.146 -0.174 -0.173

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2.50

2.00 Current level of service

1.50

Mm³/annum 20% growth in house connection 1.00 by 2025 5% growth in house connection by 2015 0.50

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures - Praktiseer

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0.4

Current level 0.35 of service

0.3

0.25 20% growth in house connection 5% growth in Mm³/annum 0.2 by 2025 house connection by 2015 0.15

0.1

0.05

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Surface Water) Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

Figure 10-4: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures – Tubatse North

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0.70

0.60 Currentlevel of service

0.50

0.40 20% growth in

Mm³/annum 5% growth in house connection house by 2025 0.30 connection by 2015

0.20

0.10

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario)

Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Figure 10-5: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures

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11 CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirements for the Praktiseer cluster was calculated as 1.528 Million m3/a, using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 2.06 Million m 3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. The available water supply yield for Praktiseer from the Praktiseer WTW is 1.022 Million m 3/a. The groundwater use for Praktiseer cluster is currently at 1.08 Million m 3/a while the available groundwater was estimated at 0.05 Million m3/a. Tubatse North cluster has current water requirements of 0.296 Million m 3/a with a 2030 high scenario projection of 0.346 Million m 3/a. The cluster has a current groundwater yield use of 0.2 Million m 3/a and available groundwater of 0.01 Million m 3/a. The Tubatse East current water requirements was calculated as 0.477 Million m 3/a with a 2030 projection of 0.59 Million m3/a. The groundwater use is estimated at 0.32 Million m3/a and the available groundwater estimated at 0.02 million m 3/a.

• The current surface water supply and the sustainable yield of the production boreholes is sufficient to meet the current and projected water requirements up to 2020 for the Praktiseer cluster. However, a detailed hydrogeological assessment and borehole census for the region is required to confirm the groundwater availability.

• The current sustainable yield of the production boreholes is insufficient to meet the current and projected water requirements for the Tubatse North and Tubatse East clusters. However, a detailed hydrogeological assessment and borehole census for the region is required to confirm the groundwater availability.

• There is potential to extend groundwater use as an addition source of supply. The level of utilisation, status and scientific evaluation of the existing boreholes needs to be verified.

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS • Existing groundwater needs to be confirmed and a feasibility study to be carried out to identify additional boreholes to augment the current and future water supply for the clusters.

• Developing, implementing and monitoring of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy is urgently required.

• Limit wasteful water use in order to control water consumption and utilise available groundwater to its full potential.

• Ground water information is sadly lacking in GTLM and attention should be given immediately to the establishment of a system to monitor quality, tracking and management of groundwater. Boreholes must be properly maintained and monitored X:\G\Proj 1\Proj\390778_DWAF North\7REPORTS\Strategies\All Strategies_19Dec2011\Limpopo\Greater Sekhukhune DM\Greater Tubatse LM\Lower Steelpoort_North_East_Prakitseer.docx April 2011

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13 REFERENCES [1] GTLM (2008) Greater Tubatse IDP, 2008

[2] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality IDP. 2006/07 -2008/11 (2007)

[3] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Water Master Plan, April 2007 (2007)

[4] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality WSDP , 2007-08 (2008)

[5] IWMI International Water Management Institute, Hydro-Institutional Mapping in the Steelpoort River Basin, South Africa

[6] Personal communication, 2009, Lepelle Water Regional Manager

[7] Water Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (DWAF). Directorate: Services Water Services Macro Planning & Information Systems, March 2006. (2006) DWAF Water Services Planning Reference Framework. Discussion Document Version 1 . Prepared by GIS Project Solutions and GPM Consultants in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and information.

[8] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2. Pretoria

[9] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Regional Strategy and (2003) Infrastructure Plan, Pase 1 Report, March 2003 – BKS (Pty) Ltd

[10] GSDM Greater Tubatse Local Municipality, Personal communication

2011

[11] 1:250 000 Regional Geological Map Series.

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