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History and Archeology, Archival Studies SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44 HISTORY AND ARCHEOLOGY, ARCHIVAL STUDIES Mirzozoda Farkhundai Subhon Head of the Department of training of scientific personnel and scientific pedagogical, Tajik National University, Republic of Tajikistan Khojaev Mehrovar Pardalievich Candidate of Historical Sciences, docent, Head of the Department of History of the ancient world, middle ages and archeology, Tajik National University, Republic of Tajikistan RESEARCHER OF HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE TAJIK PEOPLE Abstract. In this article we are talking about the scientific activity of the largest modern historian, original thinker, a worthy representative of the Tajik intelligentsia, an outstanding medieval scholar of academician Numon Negmatovich Negmatov. An outstanding historian and archaeologist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan N.N.Negmatov made a significant contribution to the study of the ancient and medieval history and culture of the Tajik people. Academician N.N.Negmatov made a significant contribution to the development of historical science in the Republic of Tajikistan. Academician N.N. Negmatov impartially and objectively explored the ancient, ancient and medieval history of the Tajik people, the cultural and ethnic processes of modern Tajikistan, determined the place and role of the ancestors of the Tajik people in the history of regional and world civilization. Keywords: Negmatov N.N., archeology, expedition, history of the Tajik people, ethno genesis, Samanids, Maverannahr, Khorasan, Khujand, Ustrushana. The contribution of Academician N.N. Negmatov to the development of archaeological cultures of Northern Tajikistan is very significant, especially to the definition of the periodization of the region's monuments from ancient times to the 20th centuries. On the basis of archaeological materials from the settlements of Mughteppa, Nurtepa, Shirin, ancient Khujand and others, N.N. Negmatov posed the problem of the stages of urbanization of Ustrushana and the Middle Syr -Darya basin over the past 2500 years, investigated the manifestation of Hellenistic elements in the culture of the Ustrushan-Khujand-West Fergana region of Central Asia, the 387 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN XXI CENTURY material culture of the Kushan time in Ustrushan and Western Fergana. Research results of numerous monuments of the 5th-10th centuries. AD were used by N.N. Negmatov to consider the early medieval stage of the urbanistic culture of Ustrushana, summing up the experience of studying the urban life of the Khujand- Ustrushan region: architecture and cultural life of the 11th-14th centuries did not fall out of the researcher's field of vision. [2,p.140]. Under the leadership of Academician N.N. Negmatov, for the first time in the archeology of Central Asia, a special and systematic study of madrasahs of the XI-XIX centuries - the fortresses of Northern Tajikistan was carried out. The experience of developing stratigraphy, obtained during the excavations of Khujand, was successfully applied in archaeological research in other cities (Ura-Tyube, Isfara, Kanibadam). Long-term works of academician N.N. Negmatov were reflected in the "Archaeological map of the Sogd region", "The Code of archaeological monuments of Tajikistan" and in the general work "Archeology of Tajikistan"[8]. The fruitful activity of Academician N.N. Negmatov is well reflected in the bibliography of his works, most of which are publications on archeology. All published works of N.N. Negmatov, from the publication of materials of individual objects to large monographs, are characterized by a good knowledge of specifically archaeological material, scientific assessment of facts, thoroughness and thoughtfulness of historical conclusions, which are widely used by his colleagues, students, graduate students. They were included in consolidated and generalizing works on the history of the Tajik people and Central Asia as a whole. Academician N.N. Negmatov with his scientific works has won great authority, recognition and respect among researchers of the material culture of Central Asia. As an orientalist, he skillfully combined archeology with oriental studies. In subsequent years, N. Negmatov, becoming the head of the North Tajik detachment of the Tajik archaeological expedition, put the archaeological study of Ustrushana and Khujand on a solid foundation. The accumulated archaeological material, combined with the data of written sources, allowed N.N. Negmatov to compose the first consolidated work on the ancient and medieval history of Khujand and 388 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44 Ustrushana. N.N. Negmatov's deep knowledge in archeology and rich organizational experience are highly valued by researchers of the history of Central Asia. Since 1969, a member of the Scientific Council on the Problems of Archeology of Central Asia and Kazakhstan of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he was a member of the Soviet Commission of Soviet-Indian Cooperation in Archeology, was elected a member of a number of other societies, commissions, scientific councils on archeology, ancient and medieval history, on the protection of historical and cultural monuments. N.N. Negmatov took an active part in its activities, was one of the organizers of inter-republican meetings in Frunze (August 1970), (November 1979), Councils at which he spoke with summary reports. In 1972, Numon Negmatovich was approved as a professor in the specialty "archeology", becoming the first Tajik archaeologist, who made his way from a graduate student to an academician. [2,p.18-34]. About the vocation of the scientist Negmatov said: “Our goal is not only to study the richest social, economic, cultural and state heritage of the Tajik people and all history, but also to put the achievements of the history of past times into the service of modern mankind. Archaeological and architectural finds, achievements of agriculture, art, spiritual and ideological traditions should serve the education of a modern person, and all these achievements should arouse national pride "[2, 56- 59]. In this N.N. Negmatov sees the educational role of historical science. The scientist calls on to learn from the lessons of the past history of his people, so as not to repeat tragic mistakes and to be aware of the achievements of national and world science and culture. Academician N.N. Negmatov showed scientific interest in many aspects of modern humanitarian science, the main areas of study of our past and modern history and culture. This is confirmed by his major scientific works, primarily his fundamental monograph "The Samanid state (Maverannahr and Khorasan in the IX-X centuries)" (Dushanbe, 1977), which became the reference book of the Tajik intelligentsia, teachers of schools and universities and all those interested in the history of the native people and entered the golden fund of Tajik science. This work of Academician N.N. Negmatov, together with the monograph of Academician 389 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN XXI CENTURY B.G. Gafurov "Tajiks", was highly appreciated in the report of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon at the Founding Conference of the National Movement for National Unity and Revival of Tajikistan (July 18, 1997). Academician N.N. Negmatov, in his famous work, managed to concisely outline almost all the most important problems, questions and facts of the whole era of the history of Tajiks, their state, territory, social life, economy, diverse areas of culture and, finally, to outline the history of the final stage of ethnogenesis. Academician N.N. Negmatov fully proved himself as an outstanding analyst, a major generator of difficult multifaceted processes in almost the “golden age of Tajik history”. In 1997, his other monograph, "Tajik Phenomenon: History and Theory", appeared. This fundamental book reflects important problems of the history of the Tajik people: a) A new vision of the problems of the history of Tajiks in the new era of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan, problems of the reform of historical science and historical education, definitions and characteristics of the terms Ancestral Motherland, Motherland and Historical Tajikistan, issues of historical periodization, problems of ethnogenesis of ethnic history of Tajiks and their terminological characteristics; problems of cultural genesis, cultural population and cultural and anthropological periodization of the history of Tajiks. b) The concept of ethnogenesis of the Tajik people; stages of the formation of a territorial society, Iranian linguistic structures and the formation of the Parsi-Dari- Tajik language; the formation of a community of culture of the Tajik people, the ethnonym "Tajiks". c) Tajik revival: from Sassanids to Samanids; the heritage of the material and spiritual culture of the Tajiks of the classical period. d) Cultural and anthropological chronogram of processes, phenomena and figures of the stages of ethnogenesis, revival and historical phenomenon of Tajiks. "Tajik Phenomenon: History and Theory" [14] is a valuable reformatory conceptual work and philosophy of Tajik history. The famous Tajik scientist S. Abdullaev wrote: “The universal scientist N.N. Negmatov from the standpoint of science at the end of the XX century considered a whole series of major scientific 390 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 44 problems, starting with the reforms of the Tajik historical science and historical education itself, which is very necessary in connection with the transition
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