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EPA Hurricane Katrina Report 7-25-07.Indd EPA/600/R-07/063 | June 2007 | www.epa.gov/ord Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina Offi ce of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida. EPA/600/R-07/063 June 2007 Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina Prepared by John Macauley, Lisa M Smith, Virginia Engle, and Linda Harwell U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Offi ce of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Gulf Ecology Division Gulf Breeze, Florida Walter Berry U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Offi ce of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Atlantic Ecology Division Narragansett, Rhode Island Jeff Hyland1, Michael Fulton1 and Gunnar Lauenstein2 U.S. Department of Commerce National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 1Charleston, South Carolina 2Silver Spring, Maryland Pete Bourgeois and Tom Heitmuller U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Wetlands Research Center Gulf Breeze, Florida Notice Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Citation Information The suggested citation for this report is: USEPA 2007. Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina. EPA/600/R-07/063. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Offi ce of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida. Cover photograph ---- GOES Project Science Offi ce ii Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina Contents Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1 2. Methods................................................................................................................................................................1 2.1 Pre- and post-hurricane sampling designs and fi eld collections ..................................................................1 2.2 Laboratory processing and QA/QC .............................................................................................................3 2.3 Data analysis ..............................................................................................................................................4 3. Water Quality Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................5 3.1 Water Quality Index ...................................................................................................................................5 3.2 Oil and Grease ..............................................................................................................................................9 3.3 Metals ...........................................................................................................................................................9 3.7 Fecal coliforms in the water column .........................................................................................................11 4. Sediment Quality Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................13 4.1 Contaminants .............................................................................................................................................13 4.2 Toxicity .....................................................................................................................................................13 4.4 Benthic community characteristics and condition .....................................................................................21 4.5 Sediment Clostridium perfringens ...........................................................................................................27 5. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................................29 6. References ..........................................................................................................................................................31 Appendix 1: Threshold/Guidance Values for Evaluating Water Quality ...............................................................35 Appendix 2 .............................................................................................................................................................37 Appendix 2-1: Metal-aluminum regression parameters derived from EMAP Louisianan and Virginian Provinces (1990-1994) ...............................................................................38 Appendix 2-2a: Metals chemistry data (dry weight) from Mississippi Sound samples. .................................39 Appendix 2-2b: Metals chemistry data (dry weight) from Lake Pontchartrain samples (μg/g). .....................40 Appendix 2-3a: Metals data (dry weight) from Mississippi stations (μmoles/g). ..........................................41 Appendix 2-3b: Metals data (dry weight) from Lake Pontchartrain stations (μmoles/g). ...............................42 Appendix 2-4: PAH concentrations from the 13 PAHs used in the calculation of ESB_PAH13 ...................43 Appendix 2-5: Equilibrium partitioning derived sediment benchmarks for eight pesticides. ........................44 Appendix 2-6a: Fipronil® data from Mississippi stations. ..............................................................................45 Appendix 2-6b: Fipronil® data from Lake Pontchartrain stations. .................................................................46 Appendix 3 .............................................................................................................................................................47 Appendix 3-1: Summary of benthic variables by station in Mississippi Sound and Lake Borgne before (n=172) and after (n=30) Hurricane Katrina. ...................................................................................................48 Appendix 3-2: Appendix 3-2: Summary of benthic variables by station in Lake Pontchartrain before (n=47) and after (n=30) Hurricane Katrina. .....................................................................................................54 Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina iii Acronyms ADEM Alabama Department of Environmental Management AVS acid volatile sulfi de CDF cumulative distribution function CFU colony forming units DDT p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DIN dissolved inorganic nitrogen DIP dissolved inorganic phosphorus DO dissolved oxygen ELISA Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERL effects range low ERM effects range median ERM-Q effects range median quotient ESB Equilibrium Partitioning-Derived Sediment Benchmark FCV fi nal chronic value GC/ECD gas chromatograhy electron capture detector GC/MS gas chromatograhy mass spectrometry GPS Global Positioning System ICP/MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KOW octanol-water partition coeffi cient LP Lake Pontchartrain LUMCON Louisiana University Marine Consortium MDEQ Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality MS Mississippi Sound MPN most probable number NCA National Coastal Assessment NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OSV Ocean Survey Vessel PAH polyaromatic hydrocarbon PBDE polybrominated dephenylether PCB polychlorinated biphenyl QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan SEM simultaneously extracted metals TOC total organic carbon TSS total suspended solids USGS U.S. Geological Survey WQI Water Quality Index iv Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina Acknowledgments This report entitled Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Offi ce of Water (OW) Offi ce of Research and Development (ORD). The content of this report was contributed by EPA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Special appreciation is extended to the fi eld crews of the EPA Gulf Ecology Division, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, USGS National Wetlands Research Center and USGS Water Resources Division – Louisiana Water Science Center for completing this survey under extreme conditions. We thank all staff state and federal agen- cies who provided technical reviews and recommendations for the preparation of this document. EPA / ORD / NHEERL / Gulf Ecology Division:
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