DOCSLIB.ORG

Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Indian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Indian University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications Academic Department Resources 2009 RESERVATION FOR OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES IN INDIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS LIKE IITs, IIMs AND AIIMS – A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA USING FUZZY SUPER FRM MODELS Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, [email protected] W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy K. Kandasamy Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp Part of the Logic and Foundations Commons, Number Theory Commons, Other Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Smarandache, Florentin; W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy; and K. Kandasamy. "RESERVATION FOR OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES IN INDIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS LIKE IITs, IIMs AND AIIMS – A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA USING FUZZY SUPER FRM MODELS." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp/275 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Department Resources at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Reservation for Other Backward Classes - Cover:Reservation for Other Classes - Cover 8/18/09 3:49 PM Page 1 RESERVATION FOR OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES IN INDIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS LIKE IITs, IIMs AND AIIMS – A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA USING FUZZY SUPER FRM MODELS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy e-mail: [email protected] web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv www.vasantha.in Florentin Smarandache e-mail: [email protected] K. Kandasamy e-mail: [email protected] Editura CuArt 2009 This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Editura CuArt Strada Mânastirii, nr. 7 Bl. 1C, sc. A, et. 3, ap. 13 Slatina, Judetul Olt, Romania Tel: 0249-430018, 0349-401577 Editor: Prof. Marinela Preoteasa Peer reviewers: Prof. Nicolae Ivaschescu, Str. Iuliu Cezar, Nr. 26, Craiova, Jud. Dolj, Romania. Prof. Stefan Smarandoiu, Str. Gabriel Stoianovici, Nr. 8, Bl. T2, Sc. C, Ap. 3, Rm. Valcea, Jud. Valcea, Romania. Prof. Gabriel Tica, Str. A. I. Cuza, nr. 8, Bloc E 3a, Scara 1, Apartamentul 7, Cod 205100, Bailesti, Jud. Dolj, Romania. Copyright 2009 by Editura CuArt and authors Legal Jurisdictions: Chennai Courts only Cover Design and Layout by Kama Kandasamy Many books can be downloaded from the following Digital Library of Science: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm ISBN-10: 1-59973-092-8 ISBN-13: 978-1-59973-092-9 EAN: 9781599730929 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in Romania 2 CONTENTS Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO NEW SUPER FUZZY MODELS 7 1.1 Supermatrices and Fuzzy Supermatrices 7 1.2 Super Fuzzy Relational Maps 45 Chapter Two ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA ON RESERVATION FOR OBC USING SUPER FUZZY MODELS 57 2.1 Brief Description of the Attributes Given by the Experts 58 2.2 Super Row FRM Model to Study the Role of Media on OBC Reservation 77 2.3 Super Fuzzy Mixed FRM Model to Study the Role of Media in Falsely Blaming the Government and Supporting Dr. Venugopal 88 2.4 Use of Super Column FRM Model to Study the Interrelation between the Government and Public 102 2.5 Analysis of Role of Media on Reservation for OBC using Fuzzy Cognitive Map 117 2.6 Observations based on this Analysis by Students and Experts through Seminars and Discussions 121 3 Chapter Three EXCERPT OF NEWS FROM PRINT MEDIA AND SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS BY THE EXPERTS 145 Chapter Four ANALYSIS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DISCUSSIONS, QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEWS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS 357 4.1 A View and Analysis by Group of Educationalists about Role of Media on OBC Reservation 357 4.1.1 Students Protests in Anti Reservation as covered by Media 359 4.1.2 Pro Reservation Protests of Students as Reported by the Media 364 4.1.3 Coverage Given by the Media about Other Anti Reservation Protests 367 4.1.4 The Pro Reservation Protests … Given by Media 370 4.1.5 Essays or Articles against Reservation in Print Media 372 4.2 The Present Functioning of the Media as Described by Experts 374 4.3 Analysis by Socio Scientists on Media and OBC Reservations 381 4.4 Origin of Reservations in India and Analysis by the Experts 404 4.5 Suggestions, Comments and Views 409 FURTHER READING 423 INDEX 453 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 455 4 DEDICATION We dedicate this book to Thanthai Periyar’s foremost follower and five-time Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Hon’ble Dr. Kalaignar for his uncompromising struggle to ensure social justice through 27% reservation for the Other Backward Classes (OBC) in Central Government-run higher educational institutions like the IITs, IIMs and AIIMS. 5 PREFACE The new notions of super column FRM model, super row FRM model and mixed super FRM model are introduced in this book. These three models are introduced specially to analyze the biased role of the print media on 27 percent reservation for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in educational institutions run by the Indian Central Government. This book has four chapters. In chapter one the authors introduce the three types of super FRM models. Chapter two uses these three new super fuzzy models to study the role of media which feverishly argued against 27 percent reservation for OBCs in Central Government-run institutions in India. The experts we consulted were divided into 19 groups depending on their profession. These groups of experts gave their opinion and comments on the news-items that appeared about reservations in dailies and weekly magazines, and the gist of these lengthy discussions form the third chapter of this book. The fourth chapter gives the conclusions based on our study. Our study was conducted from April 2006 to March 2007, at which point of time the Supreme Court of India stayed the 27 percent reservation for OBCs in the IITs, IIMs and AIIMS. After the aforesaid injunction from the Supreme Court, the experts did not wish to give their opinion since the matter was sub-judice. The authors deeply acknowledge the service of each and every expert who contributed their opinion and thus made this book a possibility. We have analyzed the data using the opinion of the experts who formed a heterogeneous group consisting of administrators, lawyers, OBC/SC/ST students, upper caste students and Brahmin students, educationalists, university vice-chancellors, directors, professors, teachers, retired Judges, principals of colleges, parents, journalists, members of the public, politicians, doctors, engineers, NGOs and government staff. The authors deeply acknowledge the unflinching support of Kama and Meena. W.B.VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE K.KANDASAMY 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO NEW SUPER FUZZY MODELS In this chapter the authors introduce some new fuzzy models using supermatrices. These new fuzzy models are used in chapter two to analyze the role of media in the context of OBC (Other Backward Castes/Classes) reservation in the institutions run by the central government. In the first section we recall the definition of supermatrices and then we define the notion of fuzzy supermatrices. Section two defines the new notion of fuzzy super models and shows how they function. 1.1 Supermatrices and Fuzzy Supermatrices Here we just recall the notion of supermatrices and define the new notion of fuzzy supermatrices. DEFINITION 1.1.1: Let V = (V1 V2 …Vn) where each Vi is a row vector vii... v , 1 i n , v i + Q or R, then V is denoted by V = 1t1 j 11 1 11 1 n n n i (V1 … Vn) = vv v||| vv v v v v where v + Q 12 t12 12 t 1 2 t n j or R, i=1, 2, …, n and i j ti. If t1, t2, …, tn are distinct then we call V to be a mixed super row vector. If t1 = t2 = … = tn we then call V to be a super row vector. We just illustrate this by the following example. 7 Example 1.1.1: Let V= (1 2 3 0 | 5 7 –3 1 | 6 1 2 7 | 0 0 –1 4); V is called the super row vector and V = (V1 V2 V3 V4) where each Vi is a 1 4 row vector. DEFINITION 1.1.2: Let V = (V1 V2 …Vn) be a super row vector, if the entries of each Vi is from [0, 1], the unit interval; i=1, 2,…, n then we call V to be a simple fuzzy super row vector. Let V= (V1 V2 …Vn) be the mixed super row vector, where each Vi is a 1 ti row vector, i =1, 2, …, n and ti tj; if i j for atleast one i and j: 1 i , j n ; and if the entries of each of the row vector Vi is from the unit interval [0, 1]; 1 i n ; then we call V to be the mixed simple fuzzy super row vector. We illustrate the above definition by the following examples. Example 1.1.2: Let V = (10.7 0.8 | 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 | 0.6 1 0.5 0.2 1 0.8 0). V is a mixed simple fuzzy super row vector, the entry of each Vi is from [0, 1] where V = (V1 V2 V3); i = 1, 2, 3. Example 1.1.3: Let A = (1 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 | 1 1 1 0) = (A1 A2 A3 A4 A5). A is a simple fuzzy super row vector for entries of each Ai is from the set 0, 1* [0, 1].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A ,JUSTIFICATION of RESERVATION Forobcs (A CRI1''ique of SHO:URIE & ORS.)
    GEN. EDITOR: DR. A. R. DESAI A ,JUSTIFICATION OF RESERVATION FOROBCs (A CRI1''IQUE OF SHO:URIE & ORS.) MIHIRDESAI C.G. SHAll !\IE!\lORIAL TRUST PUBLICATION (20) C. G. Shah Memorial Trust Publication (20) A JUSTIFICATION OF RESERVATIONS FOR OBCs by MIHIR DESAI Gen. EDITOR DR. A. R. DESAI. IN COLLABORATION WITH HUMAN RIGHTS & LAW NETWORK BOMBAY. DECEMBER 1990 C. G. Shah Memorial Trust, Bombay. · Distributors : ANTAR RASHTRIY A PRAKASHAN *Nambalkar Chambers, *Palme Place, Dr. A. R. DESAI, 2nd Floor, Calcutta-700 019 * Jaykutir, Jambhu Peth, (West Bengal) Taikalwadi Road, Dandia Bazar, · Mahim P.O., Baroda - 700 019 Bombay - 400 016 Gujarat State. * Mihir Desai Engineer House, 86, Appollo Street, Fort, Bom'Jay - 400 023. Price: Rs. 9 First Edition : 1990. Published by Dr. A. K. Desai for C. G. Shah Memorial Trust, Jaykutir, T.:;.ikaiwadi Road, Bombay - 400 072 Printed by : Sai Shakti(Offset Press) Opp. Gammon H::>ust·. Veer Savarkar Marg, Prabhadevi, Bombay - 400 025. L. A JUSTIFICATION OF RESERVATIONS FOROOCs i' TABLE OF CONTENTS -.-. -.-....... -.-.-........ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. S.No. Particulars Page Nos. -.- ..... -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 1. Forward (i) - (v) 2. Preface (vi) - 3. Introduction 1 - 3 4. The N.J;. Government and 3 - 5' Mandai Report .5. Mandai Report 6 - 14 6. The need for Reservation 14 - 19 7. Is Reservation the Answer 19 - 27 8. The 10 Year time-limit .. 28 - 29 9. Backwardness of OBCs 29 - 39 10. Socia,l Backwardness and 39 - 40' Reservations 11. ·Criteria .for Backwardness 40 - 46 12. lnsti tutionalisa tion 47 - 50 of Caste 13. Economic Criteria 50 - 56 14. The Merit Myth .56 - 64 1.5.
    [Show full text]
  • C O N T E N T S
    22.12.2014 1 C O N T E N T S Sixteenth Series, Vol.VI, Third Session, 2014/1936 (Saka) No.21, Monday, December 22, 2014/Pausa 1, 1936 (Saka) S U B J E C T P A G E S OBITUARY REFERENCE 2 ORAL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Starred Question No.401 to 405 4-44 WRITTEN ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Starred Question Nos.406 to 420 45-98 Unstarred Question Nos.4601to 4830 99-495 The sign + marked above the name of a Member indicates that the Question was actually asked on the floor of the House by that Member. 22.12.2014 2 PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE 496-508 MESSAGE FROM RAJYA SABHA 509 BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE 509 10th Report COMMITTEE ON WELFARE OF SCHEDULED 509 CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Study Tour Report COMMITTEE ON PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE 510 1st and 2nd Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE 510 5th Report STANDING COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION 510-511 TECHNOLOGY 1st to 4th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE 511 2nd to 5th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENERGY 511-512 st rd 1 to 3 Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON EXTERNAL AFFAIRS 512 3rd and 4th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE 512 4th, 8th, and 9th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOOD, CONSUMER 513 AFFAIRS AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION 1st and 2nd Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON LABOUR 513 3rd Report 22.12.2014 3 STANDING COMMITTEE ON COAL AND STEEL 513-514 1st to 6th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE 514 115th and 116th Reports STANDING COMMITTEE ON HOME AFFAIRS 515 182nd and 183rd Reports STATEMENTS BY MINISTERS (i)Status of implementation of the recommendations contained in the 251st Report of the Standing Committee on Industry on ‘functioning of Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)’, pertaining to the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliament of India R a J Y a S a B H a Committees
    Com. Co-ord. Sec. PARLIAMENT OF INDIA R A J Y A S A B H A COMMITTEES OF RAJYA SABHA AND OTHER PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES AND BODIES ON WHICH RAJYA SABHA IS REPRESENTED (Corrected upto 4th September, 2020) RAJYA SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI (4th September, 2020) Website: http://www.rajyasabha.nic.in E-mail: [email protected] OFFICERS OF RAJYA SABHA CHAIRMAN Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu SECRETARY-GENERAL Shri Desh Deepak Verma PREFACE The publication aims at providing information on Members of Rajya Sabha serving on various Committees of Rajya Sabha, Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees, Joint Committees and other Bodies as on 30th June, 2020. The names of Chairmen of the various Standing Committees and Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees along with their local residential addresses and telephone numbers have also been shown at the beginning of the publication. The names of Members of the Lok Sabha serving on the Joint Committees on which Rajya Sabha is represented have also been included under the respective Committees for information. Change of nominations/elections of Members of Rajya Sabha in various Parliamentary Committees/Statutory Bodies is an ongoing process. As such, some information contained in the publication may undergo change by the time this is brought out. When new nominations/elections of Members to Committees/Statutory Bodies are made or changes in these take place, the same get updated in the Rajya Sabha website. The main purpose of this publication, however, is to serve as a primary source of information on Members representing various Committees and other Bodies on which Rajya Sabha is represented upto a particular period.
    [Show full text]
  • Application Employee of High Sr No
    Application Employee of High Sr No. Seq No Rollno Applicant Full Name Father's Full Name Applicant Mother Name DOB (dd/MMM/yyyy) Domicile of State Category Sub_Category Email ID Gender Mobile Number Court Allahabad Is Present Score 1 1000125 2320015236 ANIL KUMAR SHIV CHARAN ARYA MAHADEVI 6/30/1990 Uttar Pradesh OBC Sports Person (S.P.)[email protected] Male 9911257770 No PRESENT 49 2 1000189 2320015700 VINEET AWASTHI RAM KISHOR AWASTHI URMILA AWASTHI 4/5/1983 Uttar Pradesh General NONE [email protected] 8423230100 No PRESENT 43 3 1000190 2110045263HEMANT KUMAR SHARMA GHANSHYAM SHARMA SHAKUNTALA DEVI 3/22/1988 Other than Uttar Pradesh General [email protected] 9001934082 No PRESENT 39 4 1000250 2130015960 SONAM TIWARI SHIV KUMAR TIWARI GEETA TIWARI 4/21/1991 Other than Uttar Pradesh General [email protected] Male 8573921039 No PRESENT 44 5 1000487 2360015013 RAJNEESH KUMAR RAJVEER SINGH VEERWATI DEVI 9/9/1989 Uttar Pradesh SC NONE [email protected] Male 9808520812 No PRESENT 41 6 1000488 2290015053 ASHU VERMA LATE JANARDAN LAL VERMA PADMAVATI VERMA 7/7/1992 Uttar Pradesh SC NONE [email protected] Male 9005724155 No PRESENT 36 7 1000721 2420015498 AZAJUL AFZAL MOHAMMAD SHAHID NISHAD NAZMA BEGUM 2/25/1985 Uttar Pradesh General NONE [email protected] 7275529796 No PRESENT 27 8 1000794 2250015148AMBIKA PRASAD MISHRA RAM NATH MISHRA NIRMALA DEVI 12/24/1991 Uttar Pradesh General NONE [email protected] Male 8130809970 No PRESENT 36 9 1001008 2320015652 SATYAM SHUKLA PREM PRAKASH
    [Show full text]
  • Seeking Offense: Censorship and the Constitution of Democratic Politics in India
    SEEKING OFFENSE: CENSORSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IN INDIA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ameya Shivdas Balsekar August 2009 © 2009 Ameya Shivdas Balsekar SEEKING OFFENSE: CENSORSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IN INDIA Ameya Shivdas Balsekar, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Commentators have frequently suggested that India is going through an “age of intolerance” as writers, artists, filmmakers, scholars and journalists among others have been targeted by institutions of the state as well as political parties and interest groups for hurting the sentiments of some section of Indian society. However, this age of intolerance has coincided with a period that has also been characterized by the “deepening” of Indian democracy, as previously subordinated groups have begun to participate more actively and substantively in democratic politics. This project is an attempt to understand the reasons for the persistence of illiberalism in Indian politics, particularly as manifest in censorship practices. It argues that one of the reasons why censorship has persisted in India is that having the “right to censor” has come be established in the Indian constitutional order’s negotiation of multiculturalism as a symbol of a cultural group’s substantive political empowerment. This feature of the Indian constitutional order has made the strategy of “seeking offense” readily available to India’s politicians, who understand it to be an efficacious way to discredit their competitors’ claims of group representativeness within the context of democratic identity politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Intelligence Handling Row Stokes Political Tensions in Sri Lanka
    Asia Thursday, April 25, 2019 09 Gunmen kill Pakistan police officer Imran offers Sri Lanka anti-terror assistance Bangladesh marks 6th year of factory protecting polio team in Bunar area disaster with new safety warnings AGENCIES the death toll had risen to REUTERS The police constable was ISLAMABAD 359 from 321 overnight, with Savar: Six years after one of since the disaster, yet nothing PESHAWAR on duty with a polio team in about 500 people wounded at the world’s most devastating has happened to the perpetra- the remote Buner district in PRIME Minister Imran Khan three churches and four hotels factory disasters, moves to cut tors. The victims haven’t had GUNMEN in Pakistan shot northern Pakistan when un- on Wednesday telephoned his hit by the bombers on the day international safety monitoring any justice. Six years later, and killed a police officer known gunmen opened fire, Sri Lankan counterpart Ranil of Easter, media reported on of Bangladesh clothes factories safety issues in the factories guarding a polio immuniza- police chief Irshad Khan Wickremesinghe to offer assis- Wednesday. led Wednesday to warnings of a have not been fixed,” said Joly tion team on Wednesday, Yousafzai said. tance to fight terrorism while Prime Minister Imran Khan new threat to lives. Talukder, a top union leader. the latest attack on efforts “He was shot in the head condemning horrifying suicide called his counterpart to offer Hundreds of workers at- Under intense pressure at to protect children from the and shoulder and died imme- attacks that have killed 359 Pakistan PM Imran Khan.
    [Show full text]
  • Aump Mun 3.0 All India Political Parties' Meet
    AUMP MUN 3.0 ALL INDIA POLITICAL PARTIES’ MEET BACKGROUND GUIDE AGENDA : Comprehensively analysing the reservation system in the light of 21st century Letter from the Executive Board Greetings Members! It gives us immense pleasure to welcome you to this simulation of All India Political Parties’ Meet at Amity University Madhya Pradesh Model United Nations 3.0. We look forward to an enriching and rewarding experience. The agenda for the session being ‘Comprehensively analysing the reservation system in the light of 21st century’. This study guide is by no means the end of research, we would very much appreciate if the leaders are able to find new realms in the agenda and bring it forth in the committee. Such research combined with good argumentation and a solid representation of facts is what makes an excellent performance. In the session, the executive board will encourage you to speak as much as possible, as fluency, diction or oratory skills have very little importance as opposed to the content you deliver. So just research and speak and you are bound to make a lot of sense. We are certain that we will be learning from you immensely and we also hope that you all will have an equally enriching experience. In case of any queries feel free to contact us. We will try our best to answer the questions to the best of our abilities. We look forward to an exciting and interesting committee, which should certainly be helped by the all-pervasive nature of the issue. Hopefully we, as members of the Executive Board, do also have a chance to gain from being a part of this committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
    WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Genetic Origin of Indian Muslims: Evidence from Autosomal STR Loci
    Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 54, 340–348 & 2009 The Japan Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved 1434-5161/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/jhg ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diverse genetic origin of Indian Muslims: evidence from autosomal STR loci Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth1,2, Bhawna Dubey1, Poorlin Ramakodi Meganathan1, Zeinab Ravesh2, Faizan Ahmed Khan3, Lalji Singh2, Kumarasamy Thangaraj2 and Ikramul Haque1 The origin and relationships of Indian Muslims is still dubious and are not yet genetically well studied. In the light of historically attested movements into Indian subcontinent during the demic expansion of Islam, the present study aims to substantiate whether it had been accompanied by any gene flow or only a cultural transformation phenomenon. An array of 13 autosomal STR markers that are common in the worldwide data sets was used to explore the genetic diversity of Indian Muslims. The austere endogamy being practiced for several generations was confirmed by the genetic demarcation of each of the six Indian Muslim communities in the phylogenetic assessments for the markers examined. The analyses were further refined by comparison with geographically closest neighboring Hindu religious groups (including several caste and tribal populations) and the populations from Middle East, East Asia and Europe. We found that some of the Muslim populations displayed high level of regional genetic affinity rather than religious affinity. Interestingly, in Dawoodi Bohras (TN and GUJ) and Iranian Shia significant genetic contribution from West Asia, especially Iran (49, 47 and 46%, respectively) was observed. This divulges the existence of Middle Eastern genetic signatures in some of the contemporary Indian Muslim populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial SNP Haplogroup Distribution In
    Open Access Austin Journal of Forensic Science and Criminology Review Article Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial SNP Haplogroup Distribution in Indian Populations and its Significance in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) - A Review Based Molecular Approach Sinha M1*, Rao IA1 and Mitra M2 1Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Abstract University, India Disaster Victim Identification is an important aspect in mass disaster cases. 2School of Studies in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar In India, the scenario of disaster victim identification is very challenging unlike Shukla University, India any other developing countries due to lack of any organized government firm who *Corresponding author: Sinha M, Department of can make these challenging aspects an easier way to deal with. The objective Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas University, India of this article is to bring spotlight on the potential and utility of uniparental DNA haplogroup databases in Disaster Victim Identification. Therefore, in this article Received: December 08, 2016; Accepted: January 19, we reviewed and presented the molecular studies on mitochondrial and Y- 2017; Published: January 24, 2017 chromosomal DNA haplogroup distribution in various ethnic populations from all over India that can be useful in framing a uniparental DNA haplogroup database on Indian population for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI). Keywords: Disaster Victim identification; Uniparental DNA; Haplogroup database; India Introduction with the necessity mentioned above which can reveal the fact that the human genome variation is not uniform. This inconsequential Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) is the recognized practice assertion put forward characteristics of a number of markers ranging whereby numerous individuals who have died as a result of a particular from its distribution in the genome, their power of discrimination event have their identity established through the use of scientifically and population restriction, to the sturdiness nature of markers to established procedures and methods [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers of Peace: Restructuring India Bangladesh Relations
    C-306 Montana, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri West Mumbai 400053, India E-mail: [email protected] Project Leaders: Sundeep Waslekar, Ilmas Futehally Project Coordinator: Anumita Raj Research Team: Sahiba Trivedi, Aneesha Kumar, Diana Philip, Esha Singh Creative Head: Preeti Rathi Motwani All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior permission from the publisher. Copyright © Strategic Foresight Group 2013 ISBN 978-81-88262-19-9 Design and production by MadderRed Printed at Mail Order Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India PREFACE At the superficial level, relations between India and Bangladesh seem to be sailing through troubled waters. The failure to sign the Teesta River Agreement is apparently the most visible example of the failure of reason in the relations between the two countries. What is apparent is often not real. Behind the cacophony of critics, the Governments of the two countries have been working diligently to establish sound foundation for constructive relationship between the two countries. There is a positive momentum. There are also difficulties, but they are surmountable. The reason why the Teesta River Agreement has not been signed is that seasonal variations reduce the flow of the river to less than 1 BCM per month during the lean season. This creates difficulties for the mainly agrarian and poor population of the northern districts of West Bengal province in India and the north-western districts of Bangladesh. There is temptation to argue for maximum allocation of the water flow to secure access to water in the lean season.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissolution of the Lok Sabha
    DISSOLUTION OF THE LOK SABHA Tanusri Prasanna* Introduction The dissolution of the twelfth Lok Sabha on the twenty sixth day of April, 1999, by the President Mr. K.R. Narayanan, and the role of the latter in the intense political decision making preceding the same, have thrown open afresh the debate as to the exact role of the President as envisaged in the Constitution in the matter of dissolution. This paper attempts to analyse this issue in light of various controversial views on the subject. Pre-independence constitutional debates in India were influenced by two models of democratic government: the British Parliamentary system, and the Presidential system of the United States. In the final analysis the British model being closer home, "every instalment of constitutional reform was regarded as a step towards the establishment of a democratic and responsible government as it functioned in Britain."' Thus, it is widely accepted by various scholars that the founding fathers of the Constitution had opted for the parliamentary system of government. Working on this premise, the concepts such as executive decision making as well as delineating limits and laying a system of checks and balances on the different wings of the government as provided by the inherent federal structure, have been debated over and over again. However, when the Constitution actually came into force, a reading of its provisions sparked off a new line of thought as to the very nature of government, and the Presidential model of the United States which had been earlier rejected was now compared and contrasted.2 These discussions and debates were mainly concerned with the respective powers of the President and the Prime minister in the Constitution and in cases where both entities were strong the clash of opinions was soon recognised.
    [Show full text]