Proceeding of The 8th International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (8th ICIST) in November 19-22, 2019 at Huiyuan International Hotel, Jingde, Anhui Province, P.R. China.

Stock identification of short ( brachysoma) from the using morphometric and meristic parameters

Tavitchasri P.1*, Viboonkit K.1, Kanloung T.1, Thotsagotphairee C.1, Preakmoung R.1, Choola-aied O.1 and Hovanotayan S.2

1King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon Province, Thailand; 2Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand.

Abstract The results revealed that there was a significant difference in folk length/head depth, folk length/great depth, head length/great depth, head length/folk length, folk length/pre-pelvic length of fish in different areas of the Gulf of Thailand. In meristic, gill raker on left-hand side, gill raker on right-hand side and finlet of 1st dorsal fin was statistically significant among the locations of the Gulf of Thailand. While, short mackerel population from Chumphon and Prachuap Khiri Khan province, morphometric ratio and meristic in all parameter not statistically different.

Keywords: morphometric, meristic, short mackerel, the Gulf of Thailand

Introduction

Overexploitation of natural marine resource has led to decline catches in many countries. In Thailand, marine fish catches increase from about 400,000 tons per year in 1950 to peak of 2.6 million tons per year in 1987 which declined to approximately 1.7 tons per year in 2014 (Derrick et al., 2017) as the same of FAO (2016) reported capture production in marine fishing of Thailand in 2007 – 2016 about 2.30, 1.87, 1.87, 1.81, 1.83, 1.71, 1.82, 1.67, 1.50 and 1.53 million tons per year, respectively. The top five major marine fishes catch of Thailand are Nemipteridae (threadfin breams), Rastrelliger brachysoma, Leiognathidae (ponyfishes), Carangidae (jacks and scads) and Engraulidae (anchovies) (Derrick et al., 2017) Thailand has become one of the world’s largest fishery exporters, majors exported seafood in 2017 include canned , processed shrimp/prawns, processed squid/cuttlefish, and canned . The top five markets for Thai fishery products about Japan, United States, Australia, Canada and, China (USDA, 2018). In Thailand, the short mackerel is a marine fish is economically importance. The natural resources of short mackerel have been increasingly harvested and resources is declined. The price of short mackerel at landing place in 2006 – 2011 about 30.21, 30.51, 32.87, 32.44, 36.29, 38.65 THB per kg, respectively (Jumnongsong, 2016). While currently the price of short mackerel at landing place about 110 – 130 THB per kg. Sea Around Us (2016) reported about catch Rastrelliger brachysoma in the waters of Gulf of Thailand approximately 54.34, 122.85, 101.58, 151.01, 261.10 and 209.34 tons per years in 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010, respectively. are coastal pelagic fish in species , which include short mackerel, , island mackerel and , situations of biomass growth, stock size, and environmental carrying capacity for mackerel species are not sustainable (Puthy and Kristofersson, 2007). The environmental is one factor that factors that affects the variation of fish morphometric and meristic characters (Coyle, 1997; Yildiz et al., 2015). As well as the study of Ismen (2001) it was found the morphological and meristic variation of species in differences regions may result from genotype and environmental. Therefore, the morphological can be used as a stock identification such as stock memberships, the spatial distribution of stocks, and phylogeny of stock and fish migration pattern (Turan, 2004). The benefits of studying the morphological characteristics are stock identifying of species for fishery resource conservation management. The aim of this research was to present some morphometric and meristic characters of short mackerel from Samut Songkhram, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon and Surat Thani province.

Material and methods

Fish samples were collected from fish collecting landing center at Chonburi Samut Songkhram, Prachuap Khiri Khan, (Central region of Thailand) Chumphon and Surat Thani province (Southern region of Thailand) during June – November 2018. Samples was transported to KMITL Prince of Chumphon campus in ice boxes. The morphometric measurements for weight, total length, standard length, folk length, head length, post – orbital

* Corresponding Author: Tavitchasri P.; E-mail: [email protected]

193 Proceeding of The 8th International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (8th ICIST) in November 19-22, 2019 at Huiyuan International Hotel, Jingde, Anhui Province, P.R. China.

length, pre – dorsal length, pre – pelvic length, 1st dorsal to 2nd dorsal length, pelvic to anal length, pre – anal length, head depth, greatest depth. The meristic parameters: dorsal finlet, anal finlet, left gill raker, right gill raker and number of 1st dorsal fin was analyzed.

Figure 1. Morphometric measurements of the Rastrelliger brachysoma. 1. Total length, 2. Standard length, 3. Folk length, 4. Head length, 5. Post – orbital length, 6. Pre – dorsal length, 7. Pre – pelvic length, 8. 1st dorsal to 2nd dorsal length, 9. Pelvic to anal length, 10. Pre – anal length, 11. Head depth, 12. Greatest depth.

Figure 2. Map showing the study area of Rastrelliger brachysoma in the Gulf of Thailand (1=Chonburi, 2=Samut Songkhram, 3=Prachuap Khiri Khan, 4=Chumphon, 5=Surat Thani)

Results

The results of morphometric and meristic characters measurement of Rastrelliger brachysoma were measured for population dynamics and proper stock identification of short mackerel. The present study revealed the ratio of the different morphological characters to head depth, great depth, folk length and pre dorsal length are shown in table 1. For the locations, the ratios of morphological characters were significantly differed (p<0.05), except for Prachuap Khiri Khan with Chumphon province.

194 Proceeding of The 8th International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (8th ICIST) in November 19-22, 2019 at Huiyuan International Hotel, Jingde, Anhui Province, P.R. China.

Table 1. Morphometric ratio of Rastrelliger brachysoma along Thailand gulf Province Sr. Body proportion Chonburi Samut Prachuap Chumphon Surat No Songkhram Khiri Khan Thani 1 Folk length / Head depth 4.32a 4.08b 4.28a 4.30a 4.16b 2 Folk length / Great depth 3.82ab 3.77b 3.87a 3.86a 3.63c 3 Head length / Great 0.99bc 1.00ac 1.02a 1.02a 0.96b depth 4 Head length / Folk length 0.25a 0.26b 0.26b 0.26b 0.26b 5 Folk length / Pre – pelvic 3.07a 3.00b 3.02b 3.02b 2.99b length 6 Folk length / Pre – anal 1.66a 1.64a 1.66a 1.66a 1.66a length 7 Folk length / Pre – dorsal 2.92a 2.89a 2.91a 2.91a 2.92a length

Among five meristic traits, two traits (finlet of 1st dorsal fin and spine) showed same for all the population in different location. Counts of gill raker on left-hand side, gill raker on right-hand side and finlet of pelvic fin showed variation among location (Table 2).

Table 2. Meristic counts of Rastrelliger brachysoma Province Sr. Characters Chonburi Samut Prachuap Khiri Chumphon Surat No (Number) Songkhram Khan Thani 1 Gill raker on left-hand 50.12ab 53.26c 50.30a 49.57b 48.20d side 2 Gill raker on right- 50.75a 52.77c 50.39a 49.69b 49.77b hand side 3 Finlet of 1st dorsal fin 5.01a 5.06a 5.01a 5.02a 5.03a 4 Finlet of pelvic fin 5.00a 5.04b 5.00a 4.96a 5.03b 5 Spine 9.32a 9.51a 9.34a 9.38a 9.34a

Discussion

The present results on morphometric and meristic analysis indicated the possible existence of Chumphon and Prachuap Khiri Khan being the same population, while in other location cannot confirm that the different population which may be concerened the short mackerel which was is migration and mixed population in study area. The study of population structure of short mackerel in the upper Gulf of Thailand by Kongsang et al. (2016) reported the short mackerel in study area were separated to two populations, the adults from fish population inhabit the upper Gulf of Thailand almost all year, while the second population migrate into the area about July and September, while study of Sojisuporn et al. (2010) found that the life cycle of short mackerel matches up with the circulation and upwelling patterns. In January- April that the during Southwest monsoon period, the upwelling exist in offshore and coastal of gulf and larvae and premature of short mackerel spend their time in this area. In October, the upwelling in Gulf of Thailand is reduced and the short mackerel migrate to the upper Gulf of Thailand for phytoplankton and nutrients from estuary, thus the short mackerel spend time for growing up in the upper Gulf of Thailand in Northeast monsoon period. For other studies which is consistent with this research is Ismen (2001) studied the morphometric and meristic separation of whiting stock (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) along the Turkish Black Sea coast was founded insufficient differences in phenotypic characteristics implied a single unit stock because the migration of adult whiting over long distance contributes to mixing the entire population in the Black Sea.

195 Proceeding of The 8th International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (8th ICIST) in November 19-22, 2019 at Huiyuan International Hotel, Jingde, Anhui Province, P.R. China.

Acknowledgement

This report was produced as part of the Unified breeding of short mackerel for conservation and restoration to the Gulf of Thailand and for commercial’s program funded under King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.

References

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