៤៧៧៝៥០ូ៱៥៲១៥៰៵HOKKAIDO
៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠆᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠁៖ ោ៍ៅូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៃូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៗ ោ៎ៅូ᠐᠋ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ៉ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠁᠀ូូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៗ ោ៏ៅូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠅᠊ូូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូោ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៉ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ៅៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠐᠕ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋៊
ṫ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ṫ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៊ូ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ * ṯ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖៰᠋᠐᠈ូ៎៌ ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠃᠊ូ᠏ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ៈូ ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍។៓្ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ṯ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៖ ᠂᠋ូ᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ៉ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ូោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠓᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠊᠐ូ ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠇᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠒᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ! ᠄᠁᠈᠋ូ᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁᠏៊ ᠋ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕᠏ៈូ᠑᠊᠀᠕᠏ៈូ᠋ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ " ""# ᠊ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊᠒᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ០៊ូ៳᠅᠈᠈᠅᠉ូ៊ូ᠈᠇ៈូ ᠄᠋᠈᠅᠀᠕᠏៊ ' # ᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ᠌᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠏᠏᠄᠑᠏᠁᠐᠐᠏ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ # $ % ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ៲᠅᠁ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ូ២᠋᠉ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠁᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ṯ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ & $' ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠊ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠁᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠅᠄᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠐᠕᠌᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ $( ᠏ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠊᠐᠅᠁ូ᠏᠌᠅᠅᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៗូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ $ ᠐᠅᠉᠁ៈូ᠁᠄᠋᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ០៊ូ᠈᠇ៃ᠏ូ᠂᠁᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠓᠋᠀᠏ូើ᠋᠕᠏ៈូ᠁ូ ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ៗូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៃូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠐᠕ូ ""# )% ᠉᠅᠐᠅᠋᠑᠏ើៈូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊᠄᠁᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠅᠅᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐៊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ៍៏៌ូ᠕᠁᠏ៃូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៊ ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៊ូ᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៥᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូើ᠊᠁᠓៉ ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠁ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠁᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠓᠁᠈᠒᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ * ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ើូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁᠊ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ , + ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠐ូ᠄᠏ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐៊ូ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ ᠋᠐᠁᠏៖ ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៎ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៍។ ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ ៍៊ូ២᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៩᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៎្ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠏ូ៎ៈ៌័៓ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁៊ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ៈូ៍៍ៈ៓៓៍ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ្ៈ៏។័ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠉᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠕᠌᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៎៊ូ៝᠈᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៏៌៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៊ ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠋᠑᠌᠏ូ៝៉១៊ * ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ៩᠕ូ៍ៈ៎៌៍៌ៅ៖ ៏៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៑័៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ + ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ៖ូ៍ៈ៍្៎ូោ᠂᠋᠉ូ។៏ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅ ( ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៎៕ូោ៎៌៍៌៉ (# + - . / 0 1 1 ័៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠌᠌᠋᠒᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ 3 ៎៌៍៍ៅៈូ៍៑ូោ៎៌៌៕៉៎៌៍៌ៅៈូ៍៎ោ៎៌៌។៉៎៌៌៕ៅ (# - . / 0 ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ + 2 ᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ (# 2 ៑៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠉᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ + ! ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ៝᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ។៏ូ៝᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ។៕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៓ូ 4 ᠌᠁᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ់ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠏ៅ (# ! ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠋ូ᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ + , 1 1 ' (# , 1 1 ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ្៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូោ៑ៅូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠑᠌ូ᠐᠋ូូ᠉᠔᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៎៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏៊ ៊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ោ៎ៅូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ៖ ṯ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠃᠋᠈᠏៖ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៏ូោ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ៅូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៊ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៖ ៊ូ៰᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូ᠏᠑᠂᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ៍ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ់ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៣᠉᠉ ᠄᠅᠁᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠃᠋᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠅ូ᠃᠉᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠉᠉᠐᠅᠈ូ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃៊ ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ ᠌᠐᠐᠁᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠁᠔᠁᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៊ូូ៝᠊᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠆᠑᠀᠃᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕៉᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠅᠒᠈ូ ៎ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ់ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ៲᠋᠑᠈᠕ ៊ូ៰᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូ᠏᠑᠂᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠐ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ូូ ៝᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠇᠊᠆᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠐᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠉᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠑᠐᠋᠉᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀៊ ៊ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠋᠀៖ ᠒᠋᠑᠈᠕ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠁᠔᠁᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠌᠋᠏᠏᠁᠏᠏ូូ᠃᠋᠋᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠋᠀ូ᠐ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ ៏ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ់ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ ṯ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁៖ ៝᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠐᠄᠁᠊᠐᠅ូ ោ៍ៅូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ṯ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏៖ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠁᠔᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ Name Title Field Speciality ៥᠊ូ᠌᠅᠊᠅᠌᠈᠁ៈូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠑᠐ូូ᠈᠅᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ Japanese Linguistics. ័ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ់ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ YAMASITA, Yoshitaka Professor S panish Lin guistics ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠀᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ូ៥᠂ូូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៃ᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠐᠕᠌᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ Japanese Language Teaching. YANAGIMACHI, Tomoharu Professor ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠀᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠀᠕ូ᠈᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁៉᠉᠅᠈᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូូ Second Language Learnin g Japanese Language Teaching. ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊ូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁៊ ៑ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ់ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ NAKAMURA, Shigeho Associate Professor Semantics ᠐᠅᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ Japanese Language Teaching. KOBAYASHI, Yoshiko Associate Professor ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ Learnin g Science ṫ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ OGAWARA, Yoshiro Associate Professor Japanese Language Teaching. Japanese Linguistics. ៧᠁᠅᠐᠁᠇᠅៉᠕᠋ូោ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠉᠁᠊ៅ JUNG Hyeseon Associate Professor ៊ូ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏៖ Social Linguistics ᠋᠏᠁᠅៉᠕᠋ូោ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠓᠋᠉᠁᠊ៅ ៲᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៃូ ោ៎ៅូ᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ ៤᠋᠇᠑᠀᠅ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូោ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠉᠁᠊់᠓᠋᠉᠁᠊ៈូ᠉᠅᠁᠀ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៊ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁៖ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ៅ ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠈᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៈូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠁᠄ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ៈូ ṫ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ៈូ᠈᠁᠔᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ᠃᠉᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៊ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁៖ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ ៰᠓᠋ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ូ℆ ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠕ៈូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ៈូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠏ៈូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ៧᠅᠐ូ។ៈូ᠅᠏᠄᠅ូ។ៈូ៧᠅᠐៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ៌្៌៉៌។៌។ូ៦៝៝ ṯ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៖ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ℆ ៊ូ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕៖ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠐᠋᠅᠈᠕ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ៑័៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៰១៨ូ℆ ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠋᠊᠁᠌᠐᠏ៈូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠈᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ ះ។៍៉៍៍៉៓៌្៉៎៍៌៕ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ ២៝៴ូ℆ ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋៊ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠌᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀ ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ ះ។៍៉៍៍៉៓៌្៉័។៓័ ᠋᠋᠇᠈᠁᠐៊ ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ១៉៩៝៥៨ូ℆ ᠇᠋᠑᠕᠑ៜ᠀᠁᠉᠅៊᠄᠋᠇᠑᠀᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ោ៏ៅូ᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ṯ ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏៖ ៤᠋᠉᠁᠌᠃᠁ូ℆ ៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៖ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠄᠋᠇᠑᠀᠅៊៊᠆᠌់ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៊ូ᠐᠐᠑᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠐᠕៖ ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ℆ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠐ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ៧៝៵៝៤៥ូ៵᠋᠏᠄᠅᠇᠋ ៊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៖ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐ូ᠊ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ ᠊᠈᠕ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏៊ូូ᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠀᠁᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠉᠆᠋៊ូោ២᠅᠏᠐៉᠕᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕៊ៅ ᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ូ៰᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠈᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ṳ Hokkaido University of Education (Hokkaido)
៳᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠅᠊᠑ៈ ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏៊
ṫ ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ṫ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁
ោ៍ៅូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ោ៍ៅូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠋᠈᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៳᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠊᠀ូ ᠄᠏ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូោ᠌᠌᠋᠋ៈូ៤᠇᠋᠀᠐᠁ៈូ៝᠏᠄᠅᠇᠓ៈូ៧᠑᠏᠄᠅᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠓᠉᠅᠖᠓ ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ៅូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏ូ᠈᠈ូ᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠈᠅᠇᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ᠊᠀ូ᠁៉᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ ៝᠏ូូ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ ៝᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠈ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁៉᠏᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠂᠋᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ោ៎ៅូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏៊ ៑ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠁៖ូ៎ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠁៖ូ៏ៅ ៰᠄᠁ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ៗូ ៅូ៩៊១᠀៊ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៖ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊់᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊់᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃់᠈᠅᠊᠅᠈ូ ោ៏ៅូ៩᠅᠊᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ ᠏᠕᠄᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐ូូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូោ᠊᠋᠊៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៅូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៅូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ០᠁᠃᠁᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៖ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៰᠁᠄᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠃᠉᠏ ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ូ ោ៎ៅូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ូោ៑ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐៊ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁៖ូ៝᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ័ូោ៏᠀ៅូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ៈូ ⁹ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ៑ៈ៏៌៌ ⁹ ᠋᠏᠐᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ៏្៎ ᠋ូ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ៏៌៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠅᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠈᠁៊ូ ⁹ ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠏᠁ូ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏៖ូ៎៌ ោ័ៅូ៣᠋᠈ ោ៏ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូោ៑ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐៊ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ៰᠋ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇ូ᠂᠈᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠀᠕ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ ⁹ ។៏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៍្ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ ៰᠋ូ᠐᠐᠅᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៎ូ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠂᠈᠑᠁᠊᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐៊ ⁹ ៏៏ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠐᠊᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៏ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ ោ៑ៅូ᠁᠅᠋᠀ ោ័ៅូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠌᠏᠐ូ៏ូ᠕᠁᠏ៅ ᠐᠋᠁ូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៎៌៍៎ ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠁៖ូ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ៎៌៍៌៖ូ៎ៅ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠁៖ូ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ៎៌៌។៖ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌៖ូ៍ៅ ោ្ៅូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ ោ៑ៅូ៝᠋᠑᠐ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈ូ᠏᠅᠃᠄᠐᠏᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠏᠌᠋᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠉᠆᠁᠏᠐᠅ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៳᠋᠈᠀ូ᠐᠑᠁ូ៤᠁᠅᠐᠃᠁ ᠅᠐᠁ៈូ᠄᠅᠁᠐᠋᠇᠋ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠂᠏᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋᠋᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៨᠋᠓ូ᠄᠑᠉᠅᠀᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠐᠐᠈᠁ូ᠀᠉᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠕᠌᠄᠋᠋᠊ូ᠉᠇᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠊᠐ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠊ូ᠁᠊᠆᠋᠕ូ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠊᠋᠓ូ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠁᠉᠌᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊ូ᠃᠋ូ ᠀᠋᠓᠊ូ᠁᠈᠋᠓ូ៉៍៌ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠁᠏៊ូ ោ៓ៅូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ោ៕ៅូ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ⁹᠊᠁៉᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠐ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ ᮐ⅊ᮕ᠁ូ᠉᠊᠀᠐᠋᠕ៈូᮖ᠅᠏ូ᠉᠊᠀᠐᠋᠕ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁៊ូ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠃᠐᠄᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠑ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ᮐៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ោ២᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៍។៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ⁹៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠕ូ᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៝᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ូូ ⁹៨᠋᠈ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠏ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠈᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ ᠐ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ⁹២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏៊ូូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠏᠏៉ ោ៍៌ៅូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ ᮑៅូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ោ២᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ្៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠂᠅᠊᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៗូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ ៝᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈ ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ២᠅᠊᠈ូ᠌᠋᠆᠁᠐៊ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ោ៍៍ៅូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ᮒ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូោ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ៝᠊ូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠁᠈ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠕᠑᠇᠐ ᠀᠁᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ៈ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠊᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠅᠊᠑ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᮓៅូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូោ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ṫ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᮔ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូោ២᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ៳᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀ូូ᠌᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠋᠂᠂៉᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូូូូ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠊᠕ូ᠀᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᮕ ២᠅᠊᠈ូ១᠏᠏᠕ ោ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ៈូ᠍᠑᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊᠊᠅᠁ូ ោ៍ៅូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠌᠏᠐ូ៏ូ᠕᠁᠏ៅ ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌៊ូូ១᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐᠏ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠏᠕ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ ᠁᠏᠁᠄៊ ᠂᠂៉᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ ᮖៅូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ោ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៏៌ូ᠄᠏ូ់ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐ៅ ោ៎ៅូ៩᠋᠊᠐᠄᠈᠕ូ᠁᠊᠐ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ ៝᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៖ូ៎៏ៈ៌៌៌᠕᠁᠊ូ៉ ៑៌ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁៖ូ៎្ៈ្៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠋ូ៎៓ៈ្៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠅᠊᠑ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ᬌ៱᠐᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠉᠁᠈ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠊᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠏᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠀៊ូ
ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៤᠋᠇᠇᠅᠀᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៑៉៏៉៍ៈូ៝᠅᠊᠋᠏᠐᠋ៈូ៧᠅᠐៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ៌៌៎៉។៑៌៍ូ៦᠌᠊ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៍៍៉៓៓។៉៌៕័៕ ០᠁᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠑᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ᠕᠑᠇᠐ួ ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ៶᠁᠊ ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐ូូ᠐᠁᠉᠌᠈᠁ួ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៍៍៉៓៓។៉៌្៓៑ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠏᠌៊᠄᠋᠇᠇᠕᠋᠀᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ៗូ᠇᠋᠇᠑᠏᠅᠇ៜ᠏᠌៊᠄᠋᠇᠇᠕᠋᠀᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ោ។ៅូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ ៥᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏៖ ៳᠁℆ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠄᠋᠇᠇᠕᠋᠀᠅៊៊᠆᠌់ ⁹៤᠑᠉᠅ូ៝៝៰៝៥ៈូ᠋᠂៊ ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ០᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠋᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ⁹៧᠕᠋᠇᠋ូ៣៝ៈូ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂៊ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ⁹៦᠅᠋ ៝១ៈូ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂៊ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ṳ ℔ℵℾ℻ℿℭℷℵ ℡℺ℵ⅂᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ (Aomori prefecture)
Individual supervision for research-oriented students wishing to investigate / conduct research on Japanese language and culture
Introducing Hirosaki University Duration of the program 2010: 3 student / 2009: 1 students / 2008: 0 student Characteristics and History Introducing Hirosaki City and Aomori Prefecture From 1 October 2011 to 30 September Hirosaki University is the only National 2012 (365 days) Hirosaki City, in which Hirosaki University is located, has a University in Aomori Prefecture. It is now historic castle at its center, and plays a major part in the comprised of 5 faculties, 7 graduate schools, 1.This course is suited to students who education and culture of the region. It presently has a and 11 common educational institutions have an area they wish to research and population of 180,000. Its cherry blossoms in spring and the and 3 laboratories. deepen their knowledge of. “Neputa” Festival in summer charm many people and are Because of its origin, it has produced many famous nationwide. Surrounded by rice fields and apple International center staff will support teachers, doctors, and local government orchards and blessed by stunning views of Mt. Iwaki to its west student’s investigations, experiments, officers in Aomori and neighboring and Mt. Hakkoda to its east, the city is also situated very close and research. Because they will be prefectures. to Lake Towada. Visitors can enjoy the beauty of nature in assigned an academic advisor in a every season. The many skiing slopes and hot springs in the Faculties: Humanities, Education, faculty, it is possible to them to receive area form another major attraction. Rich in natural beauty and Medicine, Science and Technology, the same super cultural tradition, the area offers students relatively cheap Agriculture and Life Science. Vision as Japanese students, depending on living conditions. The city is compact, and apartments, eating their level of Japanese proficiency. Master Courses: Humanities, Education, houses and pubs suited to student’s needs surround the Agriculture and Life Science. university. The city’s center is only 15~30 minutes walk away. Participants may simultaneously take Bicycles are students’ primary means of transportation. Ph.D. Courses: Medicine, Science and courses from the short-term program Technology, Health Sciences (Master’s There are direct flights between Aomori Airport (55 minutes by which is geared to students who want Course⅑Doctoral Course ) United Graduate bus from the city) and Haneda (Tokyo), Nagoya, Kansai and to acquire a wide, rather than deep School of Agriculture and Science, Regional Itami (Osaka) Airports. There are also international flights knowledge of Japanese language and Studies connecting to Seoul-Incheon (Korea) . culture. Statistics (as of 1 May 2011) Course characteristics 2. As the students joined in the course Teaching Staff : 811 Undergraduates : belong to Faculty of Humanities or This course is suited to research-oriented students wishing 6,602 Graduates℆ 813 (Total: 7,415) Faculty of Education, those who have to investigate / conduct research on Japanese language and high Japanese language proficiency can International Exchange culture. attend the seminars and use the International Students: 150 laboratories like the Japanese students. It is possible to take part in events (from 23 countries and regions) Number of students to be accepted: organized by seminars, such as trips. University recommendation = 2 Number of Japanese Studies Students in Embassy recommendation = 2 past years (including students In the faculties, fields such as Japanese recommended by the University) and comparative literature, Japanese linguistics, language pedagogy, Japanese art, Japanese folklore, 3. Numerous chances to interact with people Teaching Staff ĝ of the Region. Teaching staff responsible for Japanese language courses: Japanese Language courses Students from all courses participate in Nobuko Oyama, Associate Professor, International ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ international events such as lectures, study Student Exchange Center, specializing in Japanese language pedagogy ០ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៏៌ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ៣᠉᠉᠁ sessions about Hirosaki and parties held ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ Akira Kashima, Associate Professor, International with citizens, by Hirosaki City. ១ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ Student Exchange Center, specializing in Applied ៱᠌᠌᠁ 4. Various field trips and hands-on Linguistics. ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ experience. ៝ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ ĝTeaching Staff responsible for International Exchange ៱᠌᠌᠁ Courses: ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ In the International Exchange Course ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ Program, a variety of classes is offered for Jun Onishi, Professor, International Student Exchange ៱᠌᠌᠁ the international students from our 27 Center, specializing in Management ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ affiliated schools in 12 countries and for Junichiro Suwa, Associate professor, International ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ៱᠌᠌᠁ Japanese students. Many of these classes Student Exchange Center, specializing in Anthropology ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠊᠁ូ feature field trips and hands-on experience. Hannah Sawada, Associate professor, International Student Exchange Center, specializing in Comparative ០ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ṯ ៣᠉᠉ By attending these classes, students can ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ ៰᠓᠅᠁ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ culture share various experiences with other ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ international students and Japanese ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ ᠊᠁ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ students. Academic advisors and teachers in the International ᠓᠁᠁᠇ ៍៑ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ ṯ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ Exchange Center are in charge of providing guidance Conditions for eligibility regarding study and all teachers in the center are in charge of providing advice regarding life in Japan. *One class is 90 minutes : 15 classes will be Students should be recommended by the give 2 credits Japanese Embassy in their country as students in our Japanese Studies Program and should meet the following requirements: ĝAdequate language proficiency in order to carry out investigations and conduct research. ĝAdequate language proficiency in order to read academic papers. . Please note: Students planning to study specific areas concerning Japan are required to define their field of study as clearly as possible. For example: Japanese Literature (Ancient Age, Middle Age, Modern Age, Present Day), Japanese Linguistics (Ancient Age, Middle Age, Modern Age, Present Day), Japanese History (Ancient Age, Middle Age, Modern Age), Archeology, History of Art, Japanese Management, Japanese Folklore, etc. Japanese language, Japanese culture, and Nihon jijo are not considered course names, so without International students and International Exchange Center further specification, a student may be assigned to staff with the president at the front gate of the university an academic advisor outside his preferred field. ˭Students take Japanese language courses Field trips and other events suitable for their level of Japanese as determined by the result of a placement test taken upon Oct. Fall term orientation and welcome party arrival. Nov. International Festa (University Festival) ˭Students can take classes in faculties and in Jan. Kikyono Community rice cake-making party first and second year courses (common to Feb. International student graduation and completion celebration Mar. Graduation ceremony Japanese students) while getting advice from an Apr. Entrance ceremony, spring term orientation, welcome party academic advisor or from an instructor of the Jul. Camp attended by students from the 3 Universities International Exchange Center. in Northern Tohoku (1 night) ˭ Students are required to register for and attend Aug. Participation in the Neputa festival and Kikyono community at least 7 classes per week. bon dance Sept. Tour (1 night) International Exchange Courses: 2009-2010 (Spring semester) Japanese Culture Viewed ˭Classes containing several field trips are offered in International through Rice, Structures of Japanese Society, Exchange Courses. $QLQWHUQDWLRQDOVWXGHQWSDLQWLQJQHSXWDHLQD Short form Poetry: Theory and Workshop, ˭Home visiting. Students are introduced to families in Hirosaki City, FODVVHQWLWOHGಯ5HJLRQDODUWರ Anthropology of Music, Traditional Japanese and they can take contact each other when it is convenient for both. ˭ Sports, Regional Art, Principles of Management The Tandem System. Students, teachers and administrative staff Housing learn from each other what they are interested in. and Contemporary Issues of Japanese There are no specific quarters for national Management, Organizational Behavior and scholarship students. The International Student Japanese Human Resource Management(1), Exchange Center will help the students find Export Business Management Marketing, apartments (¥15,000–¥35,000 per month) or place Common Social Capital and Commons, them in dormitories with Japanese students (one Introduction to Modern Astrophysics in Japan, shared room for 2 students: ¥20,000 per month, Introduction to Materials Engineering including 2 meals a day). (Autumn semester) Cultural Dimensions of Globalism, Topics in Japanese Society, Principles of Management and Contemporary Issues of Japanese Management, Organizational Behavior For further information, contact: and Japanese Human Resource Management (2), International Student Section Modern Japanese Literature, Rituals, Performance International Student Exchange Center and Beliefs, Survey of the Modern Cultural History of Tsugaru, Northeast Asia, Japanese Hirosaki University Education:Historical Development and Current Bunkyo-cho 1 Issues, History of Physics in Japan 036-8560 Hirosaki Aomori Prefecture Japan Certificate of Completion; Cross-Crediting Tel.: +81-172-39-3109 ˭Students who successfully acquire 20 credits Fax: +81-172-39-3133 during their year of study are awarded a E-mail: [email protected] Certificate of Completion. The building in which the international Exchange Center is Hirosaki University Home Page Address: ˭Students who enroll in courses and pass their http://www.hirosaki-u.ac.jp examinations are granted credits. located, viewed from the northwest Academic Members Reference: http://www.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/english/acmem.html ṳ Iwate University (Iwate prefecture)
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ṫ ᠋᠂᠅᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ោ៏ៅូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៩᠋᠅᠋᠇ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠑᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៑៌៌ៈ៌៌៌ ᠅᠐᠁᠉᠏ូ ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៏៌៌ៈ៌៌៌៊ូូ៥᠐ូ ᠋᠂᠅᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠋᠂ូ᠒᠈᠑᠈᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠀ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠄᠏ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠏ូូ ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏៊ូ៝᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូូ ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠁᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠐᠊᠅᠈ូ៣᠀᠁᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠑᠁ូ ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ ᠏᠁᠒᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠇ៈូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠌᠈᠕᠁᠀ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠈᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅᠏᠉ៈូ ៦᠌᠊៊ូូ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ᠅᠐ូ᠄᠏ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠑᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠋᠓៊ូូ៝᠐ូ ᠒᠁᠐᠁᠅᠊᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠓᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ័ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូោ៰᠄᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏៊ូ៝᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៩᠑᠏᠁᠑᠉ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠋᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ៦᠑᠈᠕ូ ᠌᠄᠅᠈᠋᠏᠋᠌᠄᠁ូ៩៥៵៝៶៝៳៝ូ៧᠁᠊᠆᠅ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠁᠐ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ ៎៌៌៍៊ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៅៈូូ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠏ូ ៥៤៥៧៝៳៝ូ៰᠇᠑᠋᠇᠑ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠐᠄᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠀᠋᠐᠋᠈ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠋ូ៥៰១ូ៥᠊᠖᠋៊ូូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ោ៎ៅូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ៝᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠈᠕ៈូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠂᠋᠉᠁ូ᠅᠉᠁ូ៩᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠁᠏ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠓᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ៥᠓᠐᠁៊ូូ៤᠅᠅᠖᠑᠉᠅ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ ᠏᠋᠑᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ៈូ᠓᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠏᠌᠁᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠋᠑ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠅᠊᠃៊ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ័្ូ ២᠑᠆᠅᠓ូ២᠉᠅᠈᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ូូ᠉᠌᠅᠃᠊ូ ៝᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌៊ ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠅᠐ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱១ូ៳᠋᠈᠀ូ ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠈᠈᠋᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠁᠌᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៤᠁᠅᠐᠃᠁ូ៨᠅᠏᠐៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ៦៨ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ៎៌៌៍ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠌᠈᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁៊ ៰᠋᠄᠊᠋ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠅᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠂᠋ ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠁᠀᠅ៈូ ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠂᠋᠈᠇᠈᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇ូ᠐᠈᠁᠏៊ូ៝ូ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇᠈᠋᠅᠏᠐ៈូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁៊ូ ៵៝៝៣៥០៝ូ៧᠑᠊᠅᠋ ᠓᠋᠐᠁ូ៰᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠊᠋៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ៲᠁᠐᠁᠅᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠀᠁᠈᠈᠕ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠅᠀᠀᠈᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៤᠋᠏᠌᠅᠐᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠕᠋᠅᠋᠂᠋᠊᠐᠅᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠁ូ ᠋᠂ូ៥᠓᠐᠁៊ូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៥᠓᠐᠁᠏ូ᠅᠄ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠄᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ 2007 2008 2009 2010 ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៳᠁ូ᠁ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ្ៈ៏៌៌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ។៌៌ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠈᠓᠕᠏ូ᠈᠋᠋᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋᠓᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠉᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠕᠋᠑᠐᠄ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊ ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉៊ូូ៝᠈᠈ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ 198 197 195 201 ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠋᠅᠋᠇ៈូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠉᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៈូ᠏᠋ូ᠅᠐ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠏᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉៊ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ 1100
៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠅᠈ូ៩᠑᠏᠁᠑᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ṫ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ោ័ៅូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂ ៍៊ូ៰᠅᠐᠈᠁ ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠅᠊ ោ៓ៅូ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ១᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូែូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ៥᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐ូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁៊ ៎៊ូ᠋᠂᠅᠈᠁ូ ៍ៅូ៝᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠁᠈᠋᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠁៖ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ៈូូ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ៍ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠏᠅ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠏ូូ᠓᠄᠋᠈᠁៖ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ᠃᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠕ៈូ ᠇᠊᠆᠅ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠒᠋᠑᠈᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ្ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠓᠋᠀᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៩᠏᠉᠅᠄᠅ូ៧៝៶៝៧៥ ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ៈូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូូ ᠐᠋ូ᠕ូ᠋᠊ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀ូ᠏᠅᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ ៥᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៵᠋᠇᠋ូ៩៝៰៱៧៝ ᠌᠏᠏᠃᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁᠊᠃᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠊᠀᠏៉᠋᠊ូ ៎ៅូ៝ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠋ូ᠉᠅᠊᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉ ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូូ᠇᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ូ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ᠐᠏᠑᠉᠅ ៝៧៝ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋ូូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ᠓᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ៈូ៰᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូូ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊ូ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠇᠋ ៤៝៵៝៧៝៳៝ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ោ។ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠊᠋᠉᠌᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ោ៑ៅូ១᠔᠑᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ ៏៊ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠑᠉᠉᠕ ᠌᠃᠁ោូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠈᠁᠊᠃᠐᠄ូ᠅᠏ូ៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ៅ៊ ោ៍ៅូ៩᠔᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐℆ ៑ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐ូ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠑᠏᠁᠑᠉᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂᠂ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠅᠊ ោ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦៨ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៊ៅ ោ៎ៅូ᠁᠅᠋᠀℆᠐᠋᠁ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕៊ូូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠒᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠊᠊᠑᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ ោ៏ៅូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ ᠄᠁᠕៉᠐᠁᠁ូ᠈᠋᠏᠏᠋᠉ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠅᠊᠅᠏ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅៈូូ᠑᠏ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠉᠅᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠊᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ ᠐᠋᠑ៈូ᠉᠌᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈᠏ៈូ៩᠋᠄᠅ ᠌᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠏᠇᠅᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐ូ ᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠐᠋ូូ᠄᠋᠐ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៣᠅᠈᠏ូ០᠋᠈᠈ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ៈូ៧᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ូ᠓᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ូ᠁᠐៊ូ᠕ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ៈូ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠃᠋᠑᠌᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠊᠀᠏៉᠋᠊ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁ូ᠏ូូ᠃᠁᠐ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ ᠅᠊᠒᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠊ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ ᠀᠁᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁៊ូ៱᠏᠑᠈᠈᠕ៈូ ោ្ៅូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠊᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ ᠉᠁᠁᠐᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠑᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏ូ ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ូូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠂ ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐៊ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠋᠁᠏ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠇᠁ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠇᠅ូ᠐᠋᠑ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ូ៥᠊ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕៊ ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠈᠏᠏᠉᠐᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠃᠄᠐ូ ᠅᠊ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄៊
៧᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ូ᠓᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ៩᠆᠋ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠃᠄᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូែូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ០᠅᠏᠋᠒᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ ᠏᠕᠄᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ៝់ ᠁᠓ូ៵᠋᠇៖ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៣᠐᠁᠓᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ៱ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៎៌᠐᠄ូ᠁᠊᠐᠑᠕ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៝᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕៖ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៱៝ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៍៕៏៌ៃ᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊᠅᠐᠕ ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ២᠅᠈᠉ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ូ៧᠊᠆᠅ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠐᠐᠁ូ៰᠁᠋᠅᠏᠉៖ូ៝᠊ូ៝᠉᠁᠅᠊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ០᠅᠈᠁᠉᠉ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៝ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ṫ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ᠅᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐ូ៝᠈᠈ូ᠇ូ៤᠋᠉᠁៖ូ៰᠄᠁ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠊ូ᠋᠊៉᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠒᠋᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕្៌ៃ᠏ូ៱៝ ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠏ូ៏៌ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូែូ ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠋᠉᠏ៈូ៏ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏៊ូ ៧᠊᠆᠅ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠌ូ᠐᠋ូ៍ូ᠕᠁៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូ៦ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠀᠋᠉ូ ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ៝់ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ០᠋᠉᠅᠊᠏ ᠊᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠌᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៎័ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠋᠃᠉ូោ៥ៅ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូ៦ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠅᠑᠅៊᠅᠓᠐᠁៉ ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠁᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄់៌៍᠄᠋᠌᠁់᠄᠋᠌᠁៌៑់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠏᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ២᠋ូ᠅᠊᠍᠑᠅᠅᠁᠏ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូូៗូ ៩᠑᠈᠐᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠉᠌ូ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠇᠋ ៤៝៵៝៧៝៳៝ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠕᠄᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠄᠕᠇᠓ៜ᠅᠓᠐᠁៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠕᠄᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៲᠅᠏᠑᠈ូ᠁᠁᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ០ ៝᠊᠅᠉᠈ូ᠄᠕᠏᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ២ ៝᠀᠌᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠂᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠈᠀ូ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣ ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ ៥᠓᠐᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៩᠑᠈᠐᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៝់ ៏៉៍។៉៏័ូូ៱᠁᠀ៈូ៩᠋᠅᠋᠇ៈូ៥᠓᠐᠁ូូ៌៎៌៉។៑៑៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូែូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ៝់ូ ៰១៨ូូ℆ ះ។៍៉៍៕៉្៎៍៉្៕៎៓ ២៝៴ូូ℆ ះ។៍៉៍៕៉្៎៍៉្៎៕៌ ᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ ១᠉᠅᠈ូ℆ ᠃᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠅᠓᠐᠁៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ៱៨ូូ℆ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠓᠐᠁៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠅᠑᠅៊᠅᠓᠐᠁៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ូ This program is aimed at students who have strong motivation and interest in independent research activities. In addition to a number of Japanese language courses, the program regularly offers classes in history of Japanese thoughts, Japanese literature, etc. Among the foci of the program is to train program students in academic skills in class presentation and report writing.
ṫ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ṫ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ᴏ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ៰᠅᠐᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៌៓ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠄᠅᠀ូ៥᠉᠌᠁᠅᠈ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូែូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៌ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ៈូ៍្ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ៈូ៏ូ ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៑ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏៊ូូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄៉᠂᠅᠏᠐ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠉᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠋᠊᠃ូ᠉᠋᠐᠅᠒᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐ូ᠅᠊ូូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠌᠁᠊៉᠀᠋᠋ ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠓᠁ូ᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠈᠕᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠒᠅᠐᠈ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ᠅᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠅᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠀᠁᠒᠋᠏ូ᠏ូូ᠓᠋᠈᠀៉᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ᠈᠃᠁ូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ ᠐ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ ោ៍ៅ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៖ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៨᠓ៈូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠐᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូូ៝᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠅ូ᠋᠂ ០᠁᠊᠐᠅᠏᠐᠕ៈូ᠄᠉᠕ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃៊ូ ោ៎ៅ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ ៖ូូូ៎ៈ។៕៎ ᴏ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ ℆៍៌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៖ូូូ៍៌ៈ៕៕៓ូូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠁᠊᠐ូ᠕᠁᠏ៗូ៎៌៌។៖័ៈូ៎៌៌៕៖៏ៈូ៎៌៍៌៖្ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ៖ូូូ៓ៈ៍៍្ ᴐ ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᴐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᴑ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូូូូូូូ៖ូូូ៍ៈ៑៍៍ោ៓្ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏ៅ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ៍៊៑ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠌᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠋᠏ូែូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូូ៖ូូូ៍ៈ៑៕៌ូោ៝᠌᠅᠈ៈូ៎៌៌។៉៩᠄ៈូ៎៌៌៕ៅ ៩᠅᠊᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ្ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᴒ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠀᠋᠁᠏ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠑᠐ូ᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠀᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ᴑ ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ ᴓ៨៨᠅᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៩᠅᠕᠃᠅ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠈᠋᠊᠃᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូោ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ៅូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠐ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូូ ᠌᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠂᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠂᠅ូ᠁᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូ᠌᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊៊ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠈᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠈᠅᠊៊ូ២᠅᠏᠄᠁᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁ Intermediate Japanese G4 (Grammar) Learning intermediate level Japanese ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠁᠂ូ᠅᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁៊ូ grammar ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠐ូូ Intermediate Japanese L4 a (Listening Practice listening to news on Japanese ៍ៈ៌៌៌ៈ៌៌៌៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠌᠋᠏᠌᠁᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠏᠐᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋᠓᠊ៈូ᠌᠈᠕᠏ូ᠊ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ Comprehension) society ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠐ូ᠐ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐៊ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠈᠈᠁᠀ ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠁᠁᠊ ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠀᠁᠈᠕ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈᠈᠕ Intermediate Japanese L4 b (Listening Practice listening comprehension using Comprehension) CALL ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠊᠐ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៍ូ᠄᠋᠑ូ᠊᠀ូ័៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠕ូ᠄᠅᠊᠇᠊᠏᠁᠊ ោ᠏᠑᠌᠁ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏ៅូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ូ Intermediate Japanese S4 (Conversation) Practice seminar-style conversation: reporting, presenting and discussion
Intermediate Japanese R4 (Reading Learning the skills in reading academic Comprehension) papers and articles in Japanese
Intermediate Japanese W4 (Composition) Learning the skills in writing academic papers and articles in Japanese
Intermediate Japanese P4 (Practice) Practice communication with Japanese students Intermediate Japanese K4 (Kanji) Learning college-level Kanji
Japanese Culture JS4 Japanese Songs Learning Japanese language and culture through ᬌ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ៳᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូោ២᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូូូ songs ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠓᠁᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠋᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៰᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠀᠑᠉᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ៅ Japanese Culture JR4 Japanese Studies Seminar ᬌ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូូ Reading and discussing in Japanese culture and ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋ៈូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋ូ᠑᠀᠅᠐ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ society ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠁៊᠃៊ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ៅៈូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠁᠈᠋᠓៖ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠅᠊᠀ Japanese Culture BC4 Business Communication ៩᠁᠄᠊᠅᠏᠉ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ០᠅᠏᠋᠑᠏᠁ Learning expressions and manners in Japanese ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ business ៣᠁᠊᠀᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ Japanese Culture EB4 Japanese in Economics and Management ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៳᠋᠈᠀ Learning Japanese used in Economics and ២᠅᠈᠉᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠏᠅᠊ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ Management ៦᠌᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠀᠋ូ១ Advanced Japanese G5 Learning advanced-level Japanese grammar ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៳᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ (Grammar) ៰᠅᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ
Advanced Japanese R5 Learning academic expressions through reading (Reading) books about the Japanese society and culture ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ Advanced Japanese P5 Learning the integrative Japanese skills for ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠐᠏ (Practice) academic purposes ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ Advanced Japanese K5 Learning Kanji characters necessary for the ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ (Kanji) college-level study ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ ᠅᠊᠅᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ Japanese Culture JF6 Japanese Language in Films and TV Programs ᬌ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠀᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠅᠑᠈᠑᠉ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ Learning the Japanese language and cultures through films and TV programs ᴓ ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ Japanese Culture MC6 Multi-cultural Communication ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏៖ូ Providing an opportunity to consider the Japanese ៱៧១៣៝៳៝ៈូ៵᠏᠑᠄᠅᠇᠋ូោូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠄᠋᠊᠁᠐᠅᠏ៅ society together with Japanese students ៝៰ៈូ᠁᠇᠅᠇᠋ ោ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠐᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ Japanese Culture PH6 Japanese History of Thoughts 1 ៱១៤៝៝ៈូ᠐᠋᠏᠄᠅ូោ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៅ Learning the Japanese history up to the Edo- ៰៝៧៝៤៝៤៥ៈូ៝᠇᠅᠊᠋᠅ ោ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠐᠏ៈូូូ period ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៅៈ ᠊᠀ូ៎៌ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏ Japanese Culture MH6 Japanese History of Thoughts 2 ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠁៖ Learning the Japanese history after the Meiji- period ៝៧៝ៈូ៵᠑᠇᠅ូោ០᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᬌ ៝᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ូ Japanese Culture EJ6 Reading Essays on Japanese Culture Reading famous articles on the Japanese culture ᴔ ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ and discussing them in class ᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠌᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ៈូ᠈᠋᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ Japanese Culture JR6 Japanese Studies Seminar ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ᠁᠐៊ Reading and discussing in Japanese language and culture ᴕ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ Japanese Culture ML6 Japanese Modern Litearture ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ Reading the Modern Japanese literature selectively and discussing them in class ᴖ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ៰᠊᠏᠂᠁ ០᠁᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠉᠀᠁ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠁᠅ូ᠋᠂ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠁᠐᠑᠊៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁ូ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ៈូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៈូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠃᠀᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ ᠏᠐᠊᠀᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠒᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠑᠌᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠁᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊
ᴗ ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ ៍ៅូូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៎ូោ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ៅ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ ៦᠌᠊ូ២᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠈ូ᠋ូ ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕៊ ៎ៅូូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊
ṫ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ BBQ party with Japanese students ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៖ូ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ៍័៓ៈូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ័៎ៈូ២᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ៏៍ ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠊᠆᠋៖ូ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ៎៑្ូ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៥ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ៖ូ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ៑៌ៈ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ៓ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៥៥ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ៖ូ៩᠅᠊ូ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ៑័ូូ ៝᠊᠊᠁᠔ូ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ៍។ៈ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ៓ ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠀᠋᠉᠏ូ᠑᠐ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕៊ោូ៎៌៌។៖័ៈូ៎៌៌៕ៈ៏ៈូ៎៌៍៌៖៑ៅ
ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠁᠏᠋᠊ ᠉᠁ូ៖ូ៱៧១៣៝៳៝ៈូ៵᠏᠑᠄᠅᠇᠋ូូូូូូូូូូូូ᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៖ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ូ៖ ័៍ូ៧᠓᠑᠄᠅ៈូ៝᠋៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ៈូ៕។៌៉។៑៓្ូ៦៝៝ូ ᠄᠋᠊᠁ូូូ៖ ះ។៍៉៎៎៉៓៕៑៉៓៕្្ ២᠔ ៖ ះ។៍៉៎៎៉៓៕៑៉៓។៎្ូ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូូូ៖ូ᠏᠑᠇᠁᠃᠓ៜ᠅᠊᠏៊᠐᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៤᠋᠉᠁᠌᠃᠁ូ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠐᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌ Workshop making Tanabata ornaments Miyagi University of Education (Miyagi Prefecture)
You study Japanese in the district and Schools
ṫ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᴐ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠒᠈᠑᠁᠏ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៩᠊᠕ូ ᴏ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ោ៍ៅ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូ ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ៰᠊᠐ ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ᠋ូ៝᠋ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ៈូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠀᠕៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ ៩᠅᠕᠃᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៩᠑᠏᠅ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠋᠄᠖᠁᠊᠆᠅ ᠐᠁᠁᠐ ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠐៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠖᠖ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕៊ ៍៕្៑៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠏᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៍ៈ្៌៌ូ ៳᠁ូ᠅᠊᠒᠅᠐᠁ូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠋᠒᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ៈូូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᠁᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ោ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៅ៊ូ៳᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠈ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏៊ូ៝ូ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៎ៅ᠐᠐᠅᠏ូ" ᠄᠋᠉᠁᠈᠕ូ᠐᠉᠋᠏᠌᠄᠁᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠁᠈᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠁ូ ( ᴏ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ * ' ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠈᠋᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ ៩᠅᠕᠃᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូូ᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏៊ូ៳᠁ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៵᠁ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ ᠃᠁᠁᠊᠁᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠈᠋᠓៊ូ ៎៌៌។ ៍ោ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ᠄᠒᠁ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠉᠆᠋᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ៈូ᠐᠑᠈ូ ៎៌៌៕ ៎ោ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូះូ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ៝᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ៣᠕᠉᠊᠏᠐᠅᠏៊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠊᠐៊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ ៎៌៍៌ ៍ោ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠄᠁᠁ូ᠊᠋᠓៊ូ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៝᠈᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ្៌ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠌᠈᠕ូ᠊ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠈ូ᠁᠏ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ ᴑ ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠐᠕ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៝᠐ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ២᠑᠐᠄᠁᠉᠋᠁ូ᠋᠑ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠉᠅᠈᠈᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ៣᠕᠉᠊᠏᠐᠅᠏៊ូ៩᠋᠁᠋᠒᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៱១ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠊᠁᠐᠓᠋᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៃ᠏ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូូ ᠑᠏᠐᠅᠊᠈᠁ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ ោ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐ៅូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៝᠈᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠈᠃᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ោ៎ៅ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠏ូូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ ᠊᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠑ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠊᠁᠐᠓᠋᠇ូ᠋᠂ូ៱១ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ៈូ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠏᠏᠁᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠏᠁᠊᠁᠕ៈូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠏᠐᠅ ៓៎ ័៎ ៏ ៍ ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᠑᠐᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈᠏ ៤᠅᠋᠏᠁៉᠃᠓ ᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠑᠊᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠑᠏᠄ូ᠖᠁᠈᠇᠋᠒ ᠐᠁᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠏᠐᠁᠁᠐᠏៊ូ៣᠁᠁᠊᠁᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠏᠐᠅᠊᠈᠁ូ ៕៌ ័ ៎ ។៎ ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៍ៈ៑៌័ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠑᠊᠀᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠄᠏ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៍៏្ ᠐᠁᠁៉᠈᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏᠐᠁᠁᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠇᠏៊ូ៝᠏ូូ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐ៈូ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ ᴐ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠁᠏៊ ១᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠕᠁ Miyagi University of Education (Miyagi Prefecture)
You study Japanese in the district and Schools
᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ Ƌ១᠈᠅᠃᠅᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏២᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ្៌៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏៊៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៰᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូូ᠌᠁᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁ូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧ⁹៍ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑៖៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠁᠐᠏ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐ូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠓᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑ ᠉᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ ᠅᠏ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕៊ ᠋᠒᠁ូ្៌៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏៊ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ៍᠏᠐ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ៎᠊᠀ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ៩᠅᠀᠀᠈᠁៉᠈᠏᠏ូ៍៝ៈ៎៝ៈ៏៝ូ ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ ៍ ៍៑ ៍៑ ᠋ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៩᠅᠀᠀᠈᠁៉᠈᠏᠏ូ៍ៈ៎ៈ៏ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ ៍ ៍៑ោ៏ៅូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ២᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៅ ៍៑ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠕᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូូ៦᠌᠊៉᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᴒ៣᠋᠈᠏ ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠕ូ៰᠁᠄᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ៍ូ᠕᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ ) <%=%% # #>%? ⁹៰᠋ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠃᠋᠋᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧ⁹៍ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑៖៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠁᠐᠏ ូ២᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠏ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠋᠑᠐᠋᠉᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑ ⁹៰᠋ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូូូូូូ᠉᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ ៍᠏᠐ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ៎᠊᠀ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ 2 %(# A< 2 )9 ( ᠐᠅᠈ូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ :: ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑ )9 3 ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ ::᠉᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ ៍᠏᠐ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ៎᠊᠀ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ⁹៰᠋ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៉᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូូូូូូូ)9 ( :2 % # =% : % " )9 3 & # 2 %(# : : 9 ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠋᠑᠐᠋᠉᠁៊ (# * % %% ⁹៰᠋ូ᠀᠁᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅᠏᠄ូូ᠌᠌᠁៊ < 2 2 % & 9 ᴓ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ោ៎ៅ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូោ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅូ
២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ' " 0. 0.% 0 ᴔ២᠋᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧ⁹៍ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑៖៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠁᠐᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑ ᠉᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠕ូ᠐᠇᠅᠊᠃ូូូ ៍᠏᠐ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ៎᠊᠀ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠋᠂ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠊᠃ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ ᠐ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ១᠔᠄᠅᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ៦᠑᠈᠕ៈូ ៎៍៑ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠑᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ៦᠌᠊៉ ᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ᠏᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠋᠂ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ᠊᠀ ᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៎៍៑៎៌៍៍ៅ៊ ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ២᠑᠊᠀᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠂᠋ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៎៍៑ ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏៊ូ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠊ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ូូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ៤៥៨៥៝ ៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠋᠂ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៎៍៑ ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៊ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ័ៅូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ ២᠑᠊᠀᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ ᠋᠂ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ( ៎៍៑ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁ Ə᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ ២᠑᠊᠀᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠏ ᠅᠊ ៎ ៏៌ ᠑ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠊᠐᠁᠐᠅᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ ២᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇ូ᠀᠊᠁ ោ៍ៅ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៅ ៎៍៑៍៑ ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠑᠉᠏ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ ᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐ ២᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐ ៎ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៝᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៃ᠏ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ៍៌ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ Miyagi University of Education (Miyagi Prefecture)
You study Japanese in the district and Schools
ោ៑ៅ៱១ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ១០ោ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠂᠋ូ ᴗ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ṫ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠑᠏᠐᠅᠊᠈᠁ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ៅ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៓ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠆᠋᠅᠊៊ូ ៩៱១ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠈᠈᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៏៌ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ៱១ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠏ូ᠏ូូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៱១ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᠉᠁ ០᠐᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ ᠊᠁᠐᠓᠋᠇៊ូូ៩᠅᠕᠃᠅ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ ៣᠁᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ ᠈᠋᠏᠁ ᠐᠋ ᠐᠄᠁ ᠊᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠂ ᠊᠀ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៤᠅᠇᠁ ៩᠕ ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠈ូ᠕ូ៱៊៊ូ᠁᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠄ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠁᠁ោ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠑᠁᠑៊᠐᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠇᠋᠇᠑᠏᠅់᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃ ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁᠏៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊ូ᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ូូូូូ៦᠑᠊᠁ៈ ᠅᠊᠁᠉ូ᠈᠑ ១᠊᠆᠋᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠉᠋᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠉᠁᠉៊᠁᠆់᠄᠈᠈᠆់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ៅូ ᠈᠁᠊ូ១០៊ូ ᠋᠒᠁᠉᠁
᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠅᠌ ៦᠑᠈᠕ ᠄᠋᠐ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៰᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏៊᠑᠐ូ᠁᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ៈូ᠅᠐ូូ᠃᠁᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠁᠑᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᴖ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៣᠈᠋᠈ូ᠂᠁ ᠐᠋᠁ ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូ᠋᠌᠁᠊ូូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠀᠕ូ᠂᠁ូ៊ ោ៍ៅ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠁ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៥᠂ូ᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠅᠈᠑᠁ៈូ᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠏᠌᠁᠁᠄ ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠋᠑᠐ ᠐᠄᠁ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠋᠂ ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠁ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏៊ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠏᠐ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៊ ោᠠ្៌ៈ៌៌៌់ូ᠒᠁᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐ៅូូ᠋ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠋᠉ោᠠ៎៌ៈ៌៌៌់
៩᠁᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃᠏ ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈ ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ ᠒᠁᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐៊ូូ᠊᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ៅូូ Foreign Contact ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ Affiliation student ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠄᠋᠅᠁᠏៊ lecture @staff.miyak + 81-22- ៳᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠄᠅᠇᠁ ២᠁᠑᠕ ᠊᠋᠓ូ᠐᠁᠇᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠊᠃ូ᠄᠋᠐ូូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠏᠋᠐៊ committee yo-u.ac.jp 214- Japanese ូ៵᠁ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ Ichinose language ichinose 3381 Tomonori ៎៌៌។ ៍ោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៅ Education ៍ោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៅ ៎៌៌៕ Saito Environmental ៍ោ᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ៝᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ៅ Education csaito 3534 Chiemi ៎៌៍៌ ៍ោ៣᠅᠈ៃ᠏ូ០᠋᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠅᠕᠃᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ Suzuki English suzukiw 3490 Wataru Education ᴘ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁᠏ ṫ៥᠊᠍᠑᠅᠕ Japanese Takahashi language akiko12 3371 ៰᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូូ៝᠉᠇᠅ ᠖ ៝᠋ៈូ៝᠋៉᠇᠑ ᠁᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ Akiko Education ៦᠌᠊ូ៕។៌៌។័៑ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ English ᠋᠐᠅᠊ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៍៌ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៍៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ Takahashi Education k-taka3 3495 Kiyoshi ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁៊ូ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ១᠉᠅᠈ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ Torao Art ៧᠉᠐ ៩᠅᠄᠅᠋ ᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠀᠉៊᠉᠅᠕᠇᠕᠋៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ tora 3371 Yutaka Education ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁៊ូ ᠑᠃᠊᠉᠅ ៧᠑᠉᠅᠇᠋ ᠇᠉᠐᠉ៜ᠏᠐᠂᠂៊᠉᠅᠕᠇᠕᠋៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៧៉᠐᠇ៜ᠏᠐᠂᠂៊᠉᠅᠕᠇᠕᠋៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᴙ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ ោ៎ៅូ᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូូ ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐᠏ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠊᠁ូ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូូះ។៍៉៎៎៉៎៍័៉៏្៑័ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ៩៱១ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ ២៝៴៖ូូូូះ។៍៉៎៎៉៎៍័៉៏្៎៍ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠌᠃᠁៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠉᠅᠕᠇᠕᠋៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ Akita University
៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠅᠊᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠅᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠐ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠌᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠇᠅᠐៊ូ ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠊ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀᠏៊
៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៃ᠏ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ Ṫ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠌᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ Ṫ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូ᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ០᠅᠏᠐᠅᠐ូោ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៍៊ូ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូ᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠅᠊᠈᠊᠀ៅ៊ូូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠉᠁᠈᠕ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠏᠐᠅᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៏៏៑ៈ៌៌៌៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠈᠐៊ូ័៌ᠫូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃៊៍័៌ᠫ១៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠒᠁᠃᠁ូ ៎ូ៊ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ ៝៧៥៰៝ ៥᠊᠑ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁៊ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ ᠐᠁᠉᠌᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏៌៊៓ᠫូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠊᠋᠓᠕ូ Ṫ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ ៖ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠉᠅᠀᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៎៑ᠫូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠊᠊᠕ូ᠉᠅᠀᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁៊ូ ⁹៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៎ូូូូ ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁៊ ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏៊ូ ⁹១᠉᠏᠏᠕ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៎ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁᠊᠆᠋᠕ូ᠄᠅᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠈᠅᠉᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠂᠅᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠂᠑᠅᠐ូ᠌᠅᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠐ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁᠋᠑᠏ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ Ṫ ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូោ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠐᠁ូ᠅᠐ូ ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ⁹២᠈᠈ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូូូូូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៎៌៍៍២᠁᠑᠕ូ៎៌៍៎ ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠊᠉᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ៝᠇᠅᠐៊ូ᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠊᠀᠈᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ⁹᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូូូូូ៎៌៍៎៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូូូូ៎៌៍៎ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៕។ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ ᠓᠉ᠨ᠄᠁᠐᠁᠀ៈូ᠏ូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀៊ ១᠄ូ᠐᠁᠉ូ᠈᠏᠐᠏ូ៍្᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠔᠉ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ᠁᠒᠋᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៊ូ៱᠌ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ៍៎៌ូ᠕᠁᠏ៈូ᠏ូូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ Ṫ ៝᠅᠉᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠅᠐ូ᠄᠏ូ᠌᠋᠀᠑᠁᠀ូូ᠈᠋᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠈᠁᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ ៧᠊᠐᠋ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠁ូ ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៓៌ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠓᠏ូ Ṫ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠃᠋᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៳᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠁᠐ូ᠑᠌ូ ᠌᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠏᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ ᠌᠋᠏᠐᠓៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠈᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁᠀ូ ៎៌៌។ ៎ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូូ៍ ᠂᠋᠉ូូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠌᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠁៊ូ ᠄᠁᠁៊ូ៥᠐᠏ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠓ូ᠁᠊᠃᠃᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠐᠅᠂᠅ូ ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូូ៍ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ៎៌៌៕ូូូូូ៎ូូូូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូូ៍ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠏៖ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៖ូូ៍ូ ោ៍ៅ៰᠋ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠁᠏ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ ៎៌៍៌ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូូ៍ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠑᠈ូ᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ ោ៎ៅ ៰᠋ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠌᠌᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ᠉᠅᠊᠁᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠑ូ Ṫ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏ ោ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈ៎៌៍៌ៅ ោ៏ៅ ៰᠋ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠌᠌᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៕។ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠇᠁᠁᠌ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ ៍៑៍ូូោ៎៍ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕៊ Ṫ ០᠐ូូោ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈ៎៌៍៌ូៅ ៰᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠁ូូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូ᠏᠅ូ ⁹២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៗូូូូ ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠕ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠒᠁᠕ូ᠅᠏᠇ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៗូ ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠇᠐᠅៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋ូ᠋᠊៊ូ ៳᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁៉᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៏៑ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏℆៑្៍ ៝᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠕᠁៉᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ᠈᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠅᠊ូ៍្ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ⁹᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐℆៵៤៥៩៱៝ូ᠋᠋᠑ូូ᠄ូ០ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠐ូូ᠌᠌᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូ ៳᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁៉᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៍៓ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏℆៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ័ៈ័៓៏ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៕ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈៖ូូ្៏្ ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ៑ៈ៍៌៕ ៏ូ៊ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ោ១᠄ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ៅ ៉៎ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ោ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ៈូូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៅ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠁ូោ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ៅ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៰᠅᠐᠈᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៰᠅᠐᠈᠁ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៰᠁᠉ ៰᠁᠉ូ ៎ ៰᠁᠉ ៰᠁᠉ូ៎ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៩᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ០᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ ៍៑ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠁ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៖ូ២᠅᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠅᠋ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠈᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠏ ២᠅᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠅᠋ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠈᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠏ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៩᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ០᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ៍៑ ᮑ៖ូ២᠅᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ ᬌ៨᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠁ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠌᠅᠔៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠐᠁់᠅᠊᠈᠏᠏៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូᮐ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁់᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠋᠊ ៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀ ៉៍ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូោ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូᮑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ់ ៍៑ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠋᠊ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៰᠅᠐᠈᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠑᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ ០᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូូ ៍៑ ៰᠁᠉ ៰᠁᠉ូ៎ ᠐᠅᠁ ៥᠉᠌᠋᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠁᠊᠁
៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័៉ᮐ ៏៌ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠏᠅ូ៥៥ ៍៑ ៨᠋᠋᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠏᠅ូ៥៥៥ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័៉ᮑ ៏៌ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ៝᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥ ៍៑ ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័៉ᮒ ៍៑ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ ៝᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥៥ ៍៑ ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័៉ᮓ ៍៑ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ ៍៑ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៥ ៍៑ ៨᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៝᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ៥
៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៉៥៥ ៍៑ ៨᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៝᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ៥៥ ៍៑ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៩᠅᠊᠋᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៰᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ៝៖ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៉៥៥៥ ៍៑ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ ៓ ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏
៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៉ᮓ ៍៑ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰៦២៨ ៍៑ ៣᠁᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠅ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠁᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៝᠍᠑᠅᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ᮔ ៍៑ ᠑᠈᠅ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៥៲ ៍៑ ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠓᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ᮕ ៍៑ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠅ូ᠋᠊᠐᠏᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូែូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៥ ៍៑ ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ᮖ ៍៑ ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៖ូ៩ូ᠓᠋᠀ ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូែូ៧᠋᠁᠊ូ ៍៑ ០᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៧᠋᠁ ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៖ូ᠋᠓᠁᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ៥៥ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ᮗ ៍៑ ១᠔᠁᠈ ១᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ូ᠄᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ៍៑ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠅ូ᠄᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៉ᮘ ៍៑ ᠏᠅ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁᠏ ᬌ៵᠋᠑ូ᠊ូូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ៦᠑᠀᠋ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇ូ᠏᠋᠊᠃ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ᮙ ៍៑ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠌᠁᠏ ᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏℆᠋᠊៉᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ᠉᠕ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏៊ Ṫ ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ Ṫ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ ⁹᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ៩៥៵៝៩៰ូ᠅᠐᠏᠑᠇᠋ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ោ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈ ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ Ṫ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠕ ៲᠅᠁ូ᠀᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏ូ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូ៖ូ᠉᠅᠕᠉᠋᠐᠋ៜ᠃᠅᠌៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠒᠁᠕ូ᠀᠁᠐᠁᠉᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ℄ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៎ ⁹ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ១៣៝៳៝ូ៤᠖᠑᠇᠅ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ ℅ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៍ ោូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៍ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូ៖ូ᠏᠁᠃᠓ៜ᠃᠅᠌៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠏᠅ូ᠃᠉᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠌᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៍ ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠀᠕ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ ⁹៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៥៤៥០៝ ២᠑᠉᠅᠊᠋᠑ ᠊᠋᠊ᠨ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠈ូ᠌᠌᠁᠏៊ ṯ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ ោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ៰᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠁ូ᠃᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ ⁹ ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ៖៎៓ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ៅ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠂᠊᠅᠏᠄᠅᠀ៜ᠃᠅᠌៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៏៌៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ ៍៌ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ៅូូ ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៍ៈ៑៌៌ូ᠓᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៑៌៌ូ៧᠊᠆᠅ូោ᠄᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠐᠁᠏ៅ៊ូ ⁹ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉៖ូ៏ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ៅ ⁹៨᠁᠐᠑᠁ូូ៥៤៥៤៝៤៥ូ᠋᠅᠇᠋ ᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠐᠁᠊ូ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ⁹ ២᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ᠋᠋᠉៖ូ៌ ោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ᠁᠃᠅᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ ០᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠅᠉᠅᠐᠁᠀ូូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ៈូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠈᠈ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ ⁹្ូ᠋᠈᠈᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ ័៊ូូ២᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ៖ ṯ ៩᠋᠊᠐᠄᠈᠕ូ᠁᠊᠐៖ ᠂᠋ ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ៑ៈ៕៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូ℆ ᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠆᠅᠉᠑៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ Ṫ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠂᠋ូូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ៕ៈ៑៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ ៰᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ៱᠐᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠔᠈᠑᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐៊ ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀៊ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូូ᠏᠇᠅ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ ṯ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូូូ᠐᠄᠋᠋᠉ៈូូ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋ៈូូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊᠁᠐᠐᠁ៈ ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠇᠅᠐ៈូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ូ᠁᠀ៈូូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ៈូូ᠄᠅ូ᠁᠐៊ ᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ṯ ៝᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ ៍៑ូ᠉᠅᠊៊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠋᠐ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៥᠊᠐᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៑ូ᠉᠅᠊៊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠋᠐ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៥᠊᠐᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠋᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠉᠇᠁᠐᠏ ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ៥᠊᠐᠈ូ᠀᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠅᠁᠏៊ ៧᠉᠇᠑ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈
Ṫ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠐᠋᠅᠈᠕ូ᠉᠁᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៝៧៥៰៝ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ
៝០០១ូ℆៝᠇᠅᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ Ṫ ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ៰᠁᠃᠐ូ៣᠇᠑᠁᠊᠉᠄᠅ូ៍៉៍ ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ៈូ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠏᠑᠈᠐ូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ៝᠇᠅᠐ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ៌៍៌៉។៑៌៎ៈូ៦៝៝ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ Trips to Osaka, Nara and Kyoto in 2010 summer ៰១៨ូ℆ះ។៍៉៍។។។៕៉៎៎៑។ូ់ូ២៝៴℆ះ។៍៉៍។។។៕៉៏៌៍៎ ១᠉᠅᠈ូូូ℆᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠆᠅᠉᠑៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠃᠁ូ℆᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠇᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ Yamagata University ( Yamagata Prefecture)
ṳ Explore the world of language, literary classics, everyday speech, and more!
ᾰ Name of the course ᾱ ṫ Contents of the course JAPANESE 3A Writing (USUI Hiromi) Yamagata University Japanese Studies Yamagata University offers an excellent range of Lower Intermediate writing ᾺFa & SpΆ Program for International Students courses on Japanese language and culture. Japanese JAPANESE 3B Integrated (SUGAWARA Kazuo, language courses are designed for students to develop AOYAGI TAeko) Upper Intermediate grammar, ṫ Yamagata University a language competence, which lays the essential speaking and listening ᾺFa & SpΆ (1) Yamagata University came into being in foundation for study. Multicultural studies courses and JAPANESE 3B Reading (YOKOSAWA Yumi) 1949 but its origin goes back to the nineteenth specialized courses cover a broad spectrum of Upper Intermediate reading ᾺFa & SpΆ century with the founding of Yamagata Normal Japanese culture, including such aspects as linguistics, JAPANESE 3B Writing (UTSUMI Yumiko) School in 1878. Today the university consists of literature, history, multicultural relations, sociology, Upper Intermediate writing Ὰ Fa & SpΆ 6 faculties and 5 graduate schools, together with geography, economics, politics, art and education. KANJI III (YOKOSAWA Yumi) Intermediate kanji ᾺFa 1 institute. It plays a central role in education and The program focuses on the Independent Studies & SpΆ research in Yamagata Prefecture as a major Project, whose objective is to develop the ability to JAPANESE 4 Reading (KUROSAWA Akiko) Lower comprehensive public institution with some 850 write an essay in Japanese and present it. Advanced Reading: This course aims to develop academic staff and approximately 10,000 basic skills to read authentic Japanese writings. students. Its idea of education is to offer (1) Number of students to be accepted: two each for ᾺSpΆ specialized programs of natural sciences, both Embassy recommendation and University JAPANESE 4 Speaking (UTSUMI Yumiko) Lower humanities, and social sciences closely recommendation categories. Advanced Speaking: The aim of this course is to connected to each other as well as a wide range (2) Period of the course: from October 1, 2011 to help students acquire the knowledge, strategies of liberal arts programs, and to foster global September 30, 2012 and skills to effectively Interact in Japanese with citizens who will play leading roles both in home (3) Outline of the courses faculty, staff and other students in the academic and around the world. The university’s Courses run for 15 weeks each Spring and Fall Semester. environment. ᾺSpΆ academics aim to pursue and achieve Category ᴏ contains Japanese language courses for JAPANESE 4 Writing (KUROSAWA Akiko) excellence in a wide range of research activities international students while courses in categories ᴐ and Lower Advanced Writing: Students learn how and scholarship, and to contribute to ᴑ are open to both Japanese and international students. to develop an argument effectively, using development in the global and local communities. ᴐ contains participatory courses in which students expressions appropriate for writing essays. ᾺSpΆ have lots of opportunities to meet local people. To (2) International Exchange (Oct 1, 2010) complete the program, students must take twelve or more courses, with six or more from categories ᴏ and ᴐ 1) Number of academic exchange agreements: JAPANESE CREDIT HOURS below. It is compulsory for all students of this 88 (30 territories) COURSES 2) Number of international students: 217 program to take Independent Study Project in category Sp Fa Total ᴏ. (27 territories) Japanese 3 210 210 420 3) Number of Japanese Studies Program students: one each from 2008 to 2010 ᴏ Japanese Language Courses Japanese 4⁹6 120 120 240 (3) Yamamgata Prefecture ᬌᾺSpΆ: Spring Semester, ᾺFa & SpΆ: Fall Semester ⁹ Yamagata Prefecture is blessed with four ᴏa. Japanese Language Courses for Undergraduates Japanese 5 7 90 90 180 distinct seasons and an abundance of nature JAPANESE 3A Integrated (KITAGAWA Kinuyo, AOYAGI Japanese 8⁹9303060 close at hand. Hot springs can be found Taeko) Lower Intermediate grammar, throughout the prefecture and you will speaking and listening ᾺFa & SpΆ Japaneseᮐ⁹ᮑ 30 30 60 experience the warmth and genuine hospitality JAPANESE 3A Reading (UTSUMI Yumiko) of the people in Yamagata. Lower Intermediate reading ᾺFa & SpΆ JAPANESE 7 Speaking (SUGAWARA Kazuo) Upper MULTICULTURAL STUDIES IV (GRINDA Reinhold) JAPANESE 4 Listening (UTSUMI Yumiko) Advanced Speaking: The aim of this course is to improve Europe and Japan: This course focuses on Lower Advanced Listening: The aim of this communication skills, focusing on analyzing the result of cultures of Europe and Japan ᾺFaΆ course is to acquire and enrich vocabulary questionnaire, organizing it, and presenting it to others. pertaining to various areas of social life and to ᾺSpΆ ᴑ Courses in Humanities and Social Sciences Ὰ Ά understand Japanese modern society. Sp JAPANESE 7 Writing (UTSUMI Yumiko) Upper Advanced a.The following courses are taught by academic staff JAPANESE 5 Reading (ENDO Yoshitaka) Writing: The aim of this course is to help students develop at the Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences. Upper Advanced Reading: The purpose of the ability to write essays required for assessment at * : Introductory courses offered as a part of this course is to develop skills to read university. ᾺFaΆ general education for undergraduates authentic Japanese writings on a wide range JAPANESE 8 & 9 INDEPENDENT STUDY PROJECT I & II: UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR IN JAPANESE Ὰ Ά of subjects. Sp Compulsory to all students of this program. Students LINGUISTICS (NAKAZAWA Nobuyuki): A reading of JAPANESE 5 Speaking (SUGAWARA Kazuo) write an essay in Japanese on a topic agreed in Japanese literature, to study historical Japanese Upper Advanced Speaking: The aim of this conjunction with the advisor. They will present a paper language. ᾺSpΆ course is to develop communication skills, on their topic at the end of the course. ᾺFa & SpΆ TOPICS IN JAPANESE LINGUISTICS(NAKAZAWA focusing on the appropriate use of Japanese Nobuyuki) :Explicates philology of Japanese ℸⅅ for the situations in which students face dai ᴏb. Specialized Japanese language courses at the Faculty of language. ᾺSpΆ Ὰ Ά on campus. Sp Literature and Social Sciences INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS ANALYSIS JAPANESE 5 Writing (WATANABE Fumio) JAPANESE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ᮐ (LINGUISTICS)*(WATANABE Fumio): Upper Advanced Writing: This course will (NAKAZAWA Nobuyuki): A training of the skill of Explicates basic knowledge of linguistics. ᾺSpΆ focus on how to write objective facts and Japanese presentation at the seminar. ᾺSpΆ HISTORY OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE subjective opinion, and expressions for JAPANESE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ᮑ (LINGUISTICS)*(NAKAZAWA Nobuyuki): these writings. The main goal is for students (WATANABE Fumio): A training of the skill of Japanese Explicates the history of Japanese language. to acquire skills of academic writing in oral communication for foreign students. ᾺFaΆ ᾺFaΆ Ὰ Ά Japanese. Sp INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS AT JAPANESE 6 Reading (SONODA Hirofumi) ᴐ Multicultural Studies (General Education courses) AN ADVANCED LEVEL ᮐ(WATANABE Fumio): Lower Advanced Reading: This course aims JAPANESE CULTURE (YU Ming-Hwang) This course utilizes Explains the descriptive grammar of modern to develop basic skills to read academic local resources in Yamagata for international students to Japanese. ᾺSpΆ Ὰ Ά writings. Fa experience aspects of the Japanese culture such as tea INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS AT JAPANESE 6 Speaking (UTSUMI Yumiko) ceremony, flower arrangement, Zen meditation, and hot AN ADVANCED LEVEL ᮑ(NAKAZAWA Nobuyuki): Lower Advanced Speaking: The aim of this springs. ᾺSp & FaΆ Explicates historical materials of Japanese course is to help students acquire MULTICULTURAL STUDIES I (YU Ming-Hwang) Life events language. ᾺFaΆ speaking skills necessary for studying and in Japan: The purpose of this course is to understand DIRECTED READING IN JAPANESE LINGUISTICS Ὰ Ά conducting research at university. Fa Japanese culture and society through important life events (NAKAZAWA Nobuyuki): JAPANESE 6 Writing (KUROSAWA Akiko) such as pregnancy, giving birth, bringing up a child, and A reading of dissertations Lower Advanced Writing: This course aims wedding ceremonies. ᾺSpΆ of historical Japanese to develop writing skills necessary for writing MULTICULTURAL STUDIES II (UTSUMI Yumiko) Foreign linguistics. Ὰ Ά academic papers. Fa residents in Japan: The aim of this course is to promote ᾺFaΆ JAPANESE 6 Listening (UTSUMI Yumiko) Lower understanding of the situation and issues of foreign Advanced Listening: The aim of this course residents in Japan, appreciation of diverse cultures, and to is to help students develop their listening develop critical consciousness through discussion. ᾺSpΆ skills to understand natural Japanese on MULTICULTURAL STUDIES III: (YU Ming-Hwang) Ὰ Ά complex social issues. Fa The Japanese perspective on life and death: The purpose JAPANESE 7 Reading (ENDO Yoshitaka) Upper of this course is to understand the Japanese perspective Tea ceremony᮫ Advanced Reading: The purpose of this on life & death through the most important and traditional course is to develop skills to read authentic ceremony, the funeral. ᾺFaΆ Japanese writings on a wide range of subjects. ᾺFaΆ UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR IN JAPANESE UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR IN JAPANESE HISTORY II ᴑb.The Faculty of Education, Art and Science LINGUISTICS(WATANABE Fumio): This course (ITAGAKI Tetsuo): Aims to clarify the structure of INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS A aims to improve the students’ skills of Japanese history in early modern, modern and (SUGA Kazuyoshi)℆ An Introduction to discussion and writing reports on various contemporary ages. ᾺSp/FaΆ Japanese linguistics, focusing on phonology, topics of modern Japanese grammar and READINGS IN JAPANESE HISTORY II (ITAGAKI writing system, lexicon, and dialects. ᾺSpΆ meaning. ᾺFaΆ Tetsuo): A close reading of Japanese historical INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS B STUDIES OF VISUAL IMAGES (ABE Koji): documents in the early modern, modern and (SUGA Kazuyoshi): An Introduction to Analysis of Visual images contemporary ages. ᾺFaΆ Japanese linguistics, focusing on grammar, (Movie,Video,Animation). Including some INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHISM (CULTURE)* honorific system, and history. ᾺSpΆ critical comments on Japanese Cinema. (MATSUO Kenji): An introduction to Buddhism, focusing GENERAL STATEMENT OF JAPANESE ᾺFaΆ on Japanese Buddhism.ᾺSpΆ CULTURE (NAKO Kikuo) ℆General Statement ORAL LITERATURE IN THE TOHOKU DISTRICT CITYSCAPE OF KAMAKURA IN THE MIDDLE AGES of Japanese Classic Literature, Modern (CULTURE)* (KIKUCHI Hitoshi): This course will (HISTORY)* (MATSUO Kenji):Discusses the real state of Literature and books about Japanese Thoughts. examine the characteristics of typical folk Kamakura as the metropolis” of Japanese samurai in the ᾺSpΆ tales in the Tohoku district. ᾺFaΆ middle ages. ᾺFaΆ GENERAL STATEMENT OF HISTORY ABOUT JAPANESE LITERATURE-CLASSICAL UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR IN CHINESE LITERATURE JAPANESE LITERATURES (NAKO Kikuo) ℆ (KIKUCHI Hitoshi): A close reading of (FUKUYAMA Yasuo): A reading of classical Chinese General Statement of History about Japanese “waka” (short poems) and narrative works literature according to Japanese grammar. ᾺSpΆ Classic Literature (Waka – verse [Manyou, written mainly in the “Heian” and REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY (YAMADA Hirohisa): This course Kokinsyuu and Sinkokinsyuu] , Heian Period “Kamakura” periods.ᾺFaΆ aims to clarify the relationship between various Monogatari and Diary) and Modern THE DEBATES OF HISTORY (History) phenomena in a specific region and its historical and Literature (Meiji,Taisyou and Syouwa MIKAMI Yoshitaka: This lecture will natural environment. ᾺFaΆ Period Novels)ᾺSpΆ introduce various debates on Japanese INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE CULTURE & INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LANGUAGE history.ᾺSpΆ REPRESENTATIONAL CULTURE (Staff): This course PEDAGOGY SONODA Hirofumi℆Surveys HISTORY ON COINS IN JAPAN (History) * will trace and teach fundamental concepts and methods the Japanese Language Pedagogy. ᾺSpΆ MIKAMI YoshitakaThis lecture will survey of cultural studies, applying it to the analysis of literature, INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS Japanese history from a viewpoint of coins. cinema,, picture, photograph, cartoon and so forth, and SONODA Hirofumi:Surveys the Japanese ᾺFaΆ also of such problems as nation, state, community, linguistics.Ὰ Fa Ά INTRODUCTION OF JAPANESE HISTORYᮐ mutual relation between cultures and so on.ᾺFaΆ JAPANESE LINGUISTICS (SUGA Kazuyoshi) : A (HISTORY)* (MIKAMI Yoshitaka): This course HISTORY OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE (ITO Yutaka): This is a case study on Japanese linguistics .ᾺFaΆ will survey controversies in historiography course on the cultural exchange between America and ADVANCED JAPANESE LINGUISTICS (SUGA concerning Japanese history.ᾺSpΆ Japan, focusing on Earnest. F. Fenollosa and Tenshin Kazuyoshi) :This course will examine the TOPICS IN JAPANESE HISTORY ᮐ (MIKAMI Okakura. ᾺSpΆ grammar of modern Japanese. ᾺFaΆ Yoshitaka): This lecture will clarify problems JAPAN ECONOMY (TATEMATSU Kiyoshi): This course will SEMINAR IN INTERCULTURAL STUDIES i℺ Japanese ancient history, making use of examine the characteristics of contemporary Japanese SONODA Hirofumi:Discusses some topics documentary and excavated written economy and clarify the problems that it faces.ᾺSp/FaΆ in intercultural studies. ᾺSpΆ materials. ᾺFaΆ JAPAN’S DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (MATSUMOTO Kunihiko): ᴑℯThe Institute of Arts and Sciences JAPANESE HISTORYᮑ(HISTORY) (ITAGAKI This course will survey the diplomatic history after the AN INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LANGUAGE Tetsuo): Meiji period through visual and documentary materials TEACHING* (KUROSAWA Akiko): This course This is a course on Japanese history of and helps students to acquire the knowledge necessary analyzes the Japanese language by exploring thoughts in the to consider Japan’s foreign policy in the future. ᾺSp/FaΆ learners’ problems in grammar and early modern,modern and contemporary JAPANESE ECONOMIC HISTORY(IWATA pronunciation. ᾺFaΆ ages. ᾺSpΆ Koutaro): This course will trace the Japanese INSTRODUCTION OF JAPANESE economic history from the 13th to 19th century, HISTORYᮑ(HISTORY) clarifying the characteristics of Japanese (ITAGAKI Tetsuo): This is a course on the society.ᾺFaΆ structure of Japanese thoughts. ᾺFaΆ (4) Academic advisors (6) Certificate ṫ Accommodation 1) Program coordinator The students who fulfill the necessary requirements can 1) For accommodation, an international student Akiko KUROSAWA (Professor in Linguistics, obtain a certificate of completion at the end of the at Yamagata University has options such as the Institute of Arts and Sciences) program. Yamagata University International House, a 2) Supporting academic staff private boarding house (usually half board), and Yumiko UTSUMI (Associate Professor in (7) Credits a studio apartment. If you are made an offer of Japanese Language Teaching, Institute of Credits will be given and a transcript will be issued to the a place at Yamagata University as a student of Arts and Sciences) students who have satisfied the course requirements. the Japanese Studies Program, you will receive Ming Fang YU (Associate Professor in Sociology, Their home institution has the final authority to determine more detailed information on accommodation. Institute of Arts and Sciences) how the approved credits are used to fulfill specific major 2) the Yamagata University International House: 3) Academic advisor: Each students is assigned to requirements. 5,900 yen (room fee) + 500 yen (Common an academic advisor from the Faculty of service charge) per month. Students can move Literature and Social Sciences, the Faculty (8) Qualifications and conditions of applicants in late September. One student in this program of Education, Art and Science, or the 1) Applicants are expected to have majored or minored in lived in this accommodation each year from Institute of Arts and Sciences, to be Japanese language and/or Japanese studies. 2008 to 2010. supervised in completion of the essay 2) Applicants are expected to have a good command of project in weekly tutorial sessions. Students Japanese, an equivalent of Level 2 of the Japanese will belong to the faculty/institute of his/her Language Proficiency Test. They are expected to have advisor. the ability to express their opinions and interact with Japanese people using Japanese. (5) Excursions and other events Students will have the opportunity to meet ᮪International Student House locals by staying with or visiting a family in Yamagata, through day trips, a field trip, and local festivals (e.g. Hanagasa Matsuri). They can also participate in activities such as a tea ceremony, flower arrangement, kokeshi doll painting, Zen meditation, and kimono wearing.
ᾮAnnual Event & Activity Calendarᾯ ᮪ Campus in Spring Events & Activities
Day Trip ṫ How to Contact Us Oct ⅊ International Exchange Division ⅊ Campus festival Address℆ 1-4-12, Kojirakawa-machi Social Event for Residents and Yamagata-shi, Yamagata Prefecture, Jan International Students of Yamagata 990-8560 JAPAN TEL : +81 23 628 4118 May Oshiro-Festival (Kaminoyama City) FAX : +81 23 628 4849 E-mail: [email protected] Aug Hanagasa Festival (Yamagata City) URL: Sep Field Trip http://www.yamagata-u.ac.jp/index-j.html Program coordinator: Dr. Akiko KUROSAWA E-mail: [email protected]
Kimono ℕℎℍ℞ℍ℗ℕ ℡ℚℕ™ℑ℞℟ℕ℠℥(ℕℎℍ℞ℍ℗ℕ)
៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊
ṫ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᴏ ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូូ᠊᠀ូូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ៍ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូូ᠊᠀ូូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ᬌ᠋ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៥᠇᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠏ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏ូូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠄᠏ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ ᠓᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ Level Course Title ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁᠏ូោ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊ ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ Level1 General, ៍៊ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៝᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូោ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠑᠈ូូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ Reading/Writing, Oral Presentation ᠊᠀ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៅ៊ូ១᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ Level2 ៎៊ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠅᠋᠀៖ូ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᠌᠑᠐ូ᠋᠊ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ General, ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏៊ូ Level3 Oral Presentation, ៏៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ២᠋᠉᠐ ៎ៅូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ Intermediate Kanji ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏៖ូ៑៍៕ូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏៖ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៓ៈ៎៎៏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ General, Oral Presentation, ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៍ៈ៌៕។ ᠈᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊៊ Level4 Advanced Kanji, ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ Academic Writing, Japanese Studies ᴐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៥᠇᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៏៍ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៉᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៖ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ ោ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៅ ៍៎ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូូ᠈᠃᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠋᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠀៊ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៎៌៍៌ៈូ៎្័ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠋᠊៉ ័៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូោ៍្៏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏៖ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ ៉᠁᠀᠅᠏᠋᠒᠁᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁℆ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ១᠐᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠅᠈ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ៍៌៍ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ៅ៊ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠕ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠕ូ ᠌᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ ២᠁᠑᠕៊ូូ១᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ᠏᠅᠔᠐᠁᠁᠊ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏ៈ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ ᴑ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠁᠔᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀៊ ោ៎ៅ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏℆ ៎ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៍៌ៈូ៏ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌៕ៈ ៍ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌។ ោ៍ៅូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ២᠋᠉ូ᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ោ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ោ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ៈូ᠑᠌᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊᠏᠑᠈᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ៈូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᴒ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៩᠅᠐᠋ូ᠅᠐᠕ ៉᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠁ូ᠑᠏᠁᠂᠑᠈ូ ៩᠅᠐᠋ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៌៌ូ᠇᠉ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៈូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៥᠇᠅ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠅᠄ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠅᠈ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠅᠐᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៧᠅᠇᠑᠁᠊ៈូូ᠌᠈᠑᠉ូ᠌᠇ូ ᠋᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ១᠀᠋ូ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀៊ូ ℕℎℍ℞ℍ℗ℕ ℡ℚℕ™ℑ℞℟ℕ℠℥(ℕℎℍ℞ℍ℗ℕ)
៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠐᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊
ṫ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ ៑៊ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ោ៍ៅូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ᠋᠃᠉ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠌᠅᠋᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐ូ ᠋᠂៊ូ៩᠏᠐᠇ ៧᠅᠉᠑ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏ូ᠈᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ោ៎ៅូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠋᠒᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ៝ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁៖ូ៏។ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៝ៈៅៈូ៍៎ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ០ៅ ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠐᠑᠐᠋ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁៖ូ៎ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូៅ ᠀᠌᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ២᠉᠅᠈᠕៖ូ៎ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូៅ ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈៊ ⁹᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠌᠁ូ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ ៝ៈ ៑ៈ៕៌៌᠕᠁᠊ ្៊ូ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ ០ ៎៎ៈ៑៌៌᠕᠁᠊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠓᠁᠈᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូូ ៍័ៈ៎៌៌᠕᠁᠊ ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៧᠊᠐᠋ូ᠋ូ៰᠋᠄᠋᠇᠑ូ᠁ូ᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ⁹៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠉᠔᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠕ូូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁ ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ ៝᠋᠑᠐ូ៍៑៉᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠓᠈᠇ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ៝ូ᠌᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៏៌ៈ៌៌៌៉័៌ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠌᠁ូ ៓៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠏᠏᠑᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄៊ ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូូ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ṫ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ ។៊᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ៰᠊᠏᠂᠁ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូℐℵ⅂ℵℿℵ℻℺ ១᠔᠁᠌᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏℆ ៎៉៍៉៍ូ᠑᠊᠇᠕᠋ៈូ៩᠅᠐᠋ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ៥᠇᠅ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠑᠌᠋᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ ៏៍៌៉។៑៍៎ូ៦᠌᠊ ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ℜℴ℻℺ℱ℆ះ។៍៉៎៕៉៎៎។៉។៌៑្ ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ℒℭ⅄ ℆ះ។៍៉៎៕៉៎៎។៉។៑៕័ ៱៨ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁℆᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠏៊᠅᠇᠅៊៊᠆᠌់ ℡℞℘ ᠋᠂ូ៥᠇᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ℆᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠇᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូោ៥᠇᠅ៅ
ṫ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏
ោ៍ៅូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠉᠏ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠅᠉᠕ូ᠅᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠋᠀ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ោ៎ៅូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁ ᴏ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉៊ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏៊ ᴐ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉៊ ᴑ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠊᠊᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៥᠑᠊᠇ូ᠐᠋ូ᠊᠋ូ០᠁᠅ ោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ១᠊᠋᠑᠊᠐᠁᠏ៅ៊ ᴒ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁᠈ ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏៊
៉᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏៖ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐ៈូ៲᠅᠁៉᠌᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ៑ៅៈូ ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូោ᠅᠊ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ៅូ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ៈូ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ៈូ៝᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ៈូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ ṫ ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠃᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠕ូ៍៕៓៌᠏ៈូ᠅᠊ូ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁᠏ ៰᠋᠐᠈៖ូ៍ៈ្។៕ ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠐᠁ូូ᠏᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁᠀ូ᠄᠑ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ ោ៍ៅ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠉᠁᠐᠋᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠊ូ᠁៊ូ៝᠐ូ ៉᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូោ៍៌ៈ៌៑៍ៅៈូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូោ្ៈ៓៓៓ៅ ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ៈូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈៖ូ៍្ៈ។៎។ ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠁᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋ូ ោ៏ៅូូូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៕៓៏ៈូ᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ᠊᠁᠓᠈᠕ូ᠋᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑៊ូ៝ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ ៉ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៍ៈ្៕៓ូោ៍៌៌ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᠄᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠌᠁᠀᠁᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៊ ោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠉᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ១᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ᠋᠊᠊᠁᠐᠏ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ ៉᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏ូ᠁᠐៊៖ូ៍ៈ៑៑៏ូោ២៵៎៌៌៕ៅូ ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠁᠔᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠂᠋᠉᠏᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ᠆᠑᠏᠐ូ័៑ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏៊ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠇᠅᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠅᠊ូ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ោ័ៅ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠐᠁᠊᠈ូ᠀᠁᠉᠊᠀᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ṫ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូោ᠌᠏᠐ូ៍៌ូ᠕᠁᠏ៅ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠊᠁᠓ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠋៊ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋៊ូ᠋᠂ូ ៵᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៵᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ោ៍ៅូ១᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠍᠑᠋᠐ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈ ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠑᠐᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ៈ ᠊ូ᠋᠌᠁᠊ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៍័ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠐᠐᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠀᠁᠏᠌᠁᠀ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ ៎៌៌៍ ៍៑ ៎៌៌្ ៍៏ ោ៎ៅូ៨᠁᠊᠃᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉់᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠌᠈᠕᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៎៌៌៎ ៍៏ ៎៌៌៓ ៍៌ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៏៍ៈូ៎៌៍៎ូោ៍ូ᠕᠁ៅ ᠁᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ោ៏ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៎៌៌៏ ៍៌ ៎៌៌។ ។ ᴏ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ោ៎ៅូូូ១᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠐៊ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ៎៌៌័ ៍័ ៎៌៌៕ ៍៎ ោ᠑᠅᠑᠈᠑᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ៅ
៉៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁᠏៖ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៎៌៌៑ ៍៏ ៎៌៍៌ ៍៍ ៅូ៩᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ោ៑ៅ᠐᠄᠁᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠂᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉៊ូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ្៌ូ᠇᠉ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ័៌ូ᠇᠉ូ ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠅᠉᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠓᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠓ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠅᠌᠋᠐ូោ᠅᠐ៅ៊ូ៳᠅᠐᠄ូ ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉៊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ៩᠋᠑᠊᠐ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូោ។៓្ូ᠉ៅូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠇᠁ូ៧᠏᠑᠉᠅᠃᠑ូ᠐᠋ូ ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠓᠁᠒᠁ៈូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠐ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕៊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠕᠏᠅᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊ៈូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁៊ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ៅ៖ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ ៅូ᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូោ᠐᠑᠃᠄᠐ូ᠕ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៉៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៖ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៅ៖ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠔᠌᠈᠋᠁᠏ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠕ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕៊ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠕៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠕ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠃᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ᠋᠊ូ᠓᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠈᠋᠏᠁᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠊᠇᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៉᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥ៈូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠅᠈ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៥៥៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠊᠀᠏᠌᠁៊ ៉៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥៖ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠐ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៖ូ៲᠅᠀᠁᠋ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠑᠏᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅᠏ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠉᠌᠋᠕ូ ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏៊ ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏៊ូ៲᠅᠀᠁᠋ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁ូ ៉១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠁᠊᠐ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៊ ᠑᠏᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠏᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊៊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠏᠐᠋᠉᠏៖ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៉៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥៥៖ូ ᠂᠅᠏᠐᠄᠊᠀ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊ូ᠋᠒᠁᠊᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌៊ ᠑᠏᠐᠋᠉᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇᠈᠋᠁៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏ៈូ ៉៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ ᠀᠁᠐᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠋ូ᠌᠁᠈᠅᠉᠅᠊᠕ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠁᠌᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠁᠀ូ ៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ៉៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៨᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ᠋᠒᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠁᠐᠕ូ᠕ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠀᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠈᠋᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠀᠅᠋᠉᠏ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇៊ ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠏᠄᠋᠓ូូ᠏᠁᠊᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠌᠋᠇᠁᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠐᠁᠊ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ៅូ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏ ᴐ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋ៈូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ំ ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូោ២᠅᠏᠐ូ ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូោ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ ៰៰៝៨ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠉᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀់᠋ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ៅ ្៌ ័៑ ៍៌៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥ ៏៌ ៏៌ ᠁᠊᠐᠁៊ ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥៥ ៕៌ ៕៌ ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠕ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠏᠐᠋᠉᠏ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥៥ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៨᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៍៑ ៍៑ ៰៰៝៨ ៎៎៑ ៍។៌ ័៌៑
ំ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕ូ᠕᠁៊
ᴑ ᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ ោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐៊ ោ័ៅូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ោ។ៅូ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ ᴏ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠕ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៖ ᠉᠁ ៝᠂᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៝᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᴏ ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ៈូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠒᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠁ូ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៱៝៧៝៳៝ូ៵᠑᠅᠇᠋ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូោ᠊᠋᠊៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៅូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូូ ០᠁᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠋᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ២᠅᠏᠐៉᠕᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ ៰៝៥៣៱៤៥ូ៧᠋᠏᠑᠇᠁ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᴐ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ ៤៥២៱៩៥ូ៰᠋᠉᠋᠇᠋ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ៈូ᠁᠀ូ ᠁᠂᠁᠁᠊᠁ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠌᠌᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠇᠁ូ᠋᠈ូ ៝០៝ូ៵᠑᠇᠅ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៝᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូូ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ ᠐᠋ូ᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ ៝៧ូ᠑᠊᠉᠅ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៝᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ᠐᠄᠊ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៎ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ៰᠁᠏᠐៊ ᴐ ៝ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊ូ᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐ៈូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠄᠅᠉់᠄᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁៊ ṫ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ᴑ ៝ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏ូូ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠐᠑᠐᠋ៈូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏៊ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ᠄᠈᠈ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠐᠕᠌᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᴒ ២᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូោ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠁᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁ៅៈូ᠏ូ ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑៊ូ᠁᠊᠐ូូ᠅᠏ូ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ៍៑ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠌᠁ូ ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋ូោូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៅ៊ូ៝᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐៊ ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ ᴓ ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ៈូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄៊ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ៈូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ០᠁᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠁ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ំ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠊᠏់᠌᠋᠒᠋᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁᠏់᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠈᠑᠏᠐᠁᠏៊ ៱៝៧៝៳៝ូ៵᠑᠅᠇᠋ៈ ោ៑ៅូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ៈូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ០᠁᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᴏ ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ ៉᠋᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ៅ ៍៉៍៉៍ូ៰᠁᠊᠊᠋᠀᠅ៈ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑៉᠏᠄᠅ៈូ៥᠇᠅៉᠇᠁᠊ ៉᠋᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠃᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐៉᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠋᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠐᠋᠁ៅ ៦៝៝ូ៏៌៑៉។៑៓៎ ៉᠓᠁᠈᠋᠉᠁ូ᠌᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠐᠋᠁ៅ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៕៉។៑៏៉្្៌។ ៉᠌᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠏᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐ូោ᠋᠒᠁᠉᠁ៅ ២᠔ ៖ូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៕៉។៑៏៉្។៏៕ ៉᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូោ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ៅ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠋᠕᠃᠅៊᠉᠇᠅᠇᠋៊᠂᠐ៜ᠑᠊៊᠐᠏᠑᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៉᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠉᠅᠀៉᠐᠁᠉ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូោ៝᠌᠅᠈ៅ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠆᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊᠐᠏᠑᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ ៉᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូោ៦᠑᠈᠕ៅ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠆᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊᠐᠏᠑᠇᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠊᠅᠇᠇᠁᠊᠏᠁᠅៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ៉᠈᠋᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូោ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ៅ ᴐ ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ ៰៱ូ៰᠇᠏᠄᠅ៈូ ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌់᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠕ ោ៩᠐៊៰᠏᠑᠇᠑់៰᠏᠑᠄᠅᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ៗូ᠋᠒᠁᠉᠁ៅ ៤᠁᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ោ្ៅូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁᠏ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠇᠁᠊ូូ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៏៌៌ូ᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠀ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ ៍៉៍៉៍ូ៰᠁᠊᠊᠋᠀᠅ៈ៰᠏᠑᠇᠑៉᠏᠄᠅ៈូ៥᠇᠅៉᠇᠁᠊ ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏៊ ៦៝៝ូ៏៌៑៉។៑៓៓ ោ៓ៅូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ ᠄᠋᠊᠁ូ៖ូូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៕៉។៑៏៉្៌៕៌ ᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀៊ូ៤᠋᠓᠁᠒᠁ៈូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ៈូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៈូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠃᠀᠁ៈូ ២᠔ូូូូ៖ូូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៕៉។៑៏៉្៎៌័ ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠊᠀᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠒᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀៊ូ០᠁᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠉᠀᠁ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠁᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠁᠐᠑᠊៊ •២᠋ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ២᠋ូ ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠁᠐៊ៈូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ Utsunomiya University (Tochigi Pref.)
ṳ Close to Nikko as a World Heritage, the most advanced Technopolis, and natural beauty. Students of the program can study a variety of topics in this ideal environment.
ṫUniversity Overview 4. Local Environment 1. Outline and Organization Utsunomiya University is located in the City of Utsunomiya (population: Utsunomiya University is the only national university corporation with a about 500,000), about 100 km north of Tokyo (about 50 min by Shinkansen). Faculty of International Studies, and this Faculty promotes comprehensive Utsunomiya is surrounded by natural beauty, with the Kinugawa River to the studies of international societies and cultures. The Faculty of Education east, the Nasu Mountain Range to the north, and world-famous Nikko to the has a long history of training educators and offers specialized programs west. With a strong academic tradition, as suggested by its proximity to the that include practical skills training. The Faculty of Engineering conducts Ashikaga School, Japan’s earliest-known university, Utsunomiya University has leading-edge research and serves as a core facility for the Technopolis become renowned for cutting-edge technologies such as those being developed industrial center. The Faculty of Agriculture has a long tradition, but it is at the Technopolis Center. also producing remarkable results in new fields such as biotechnology and international cooperation. ṫ Outline of the Japanese Studies Course ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ៖ International Studies, Education, Engineering, and Agriculture This course is offered by Utsunomiya University International Student Center, ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ: International Studies, Education, Engineering, and and aims to help students deepen their specialized knowledge of Japanese Agriculture language, culture and society, while working to improve their Japanese ៩᠅᠊ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ: International Student Center, University Library, Media language skills. Networking Center, and Health Service Center 1. Student Capacity 2. Faculty and Students 10 students Number of faculty: 350 Number of students: 4,383 undergraduates, 998 graduates 2. Course Duration (total: 5,381) October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012
3. International Exchange International students: 345 (from 34 countries) International visiting scholars: 3 (from 1 countries) Students in the Japanese Studies Program 2001 4 2002 4 2003 5 2004 4 2005 6 2006 7 2007 3 2008 3 2009 4 2010 1 Number of universities with which we have academic exchange agreements : 48 3. Subjects Other Subjects of Japanese Culture and Related Specialized Fields Required Subjects : The following subjects are those given at the Faculty of International Studies, The following four subjects are those only for the Japanese Studies etc., which the students of the Japanese Studies course are supposed to take Course. together with regular students.
Credits Subjects Overviews (hours) Subjects Overviews Credits (hours)
Special Seminar Preparatory seminar focused Things Japanese Consider the diversity of Japanese 2 credits (30hours) 2 credits in Japanese on the research theme of each society from many angles (30 hours) Language and student The Notation System of Learn contemporary Japanese usage 2 credits (30hours) Culture Contemporary Japanese and its historical background
Special Seminar Japanese Linguistics Study contemporary Japanese grammar 2 credits (30hours) in Japanese Write an academic report and 2 credits give an oral presentation on it (30 hours) History of the Japanese Study an overview of the history of 2 credits (30hours) Language and Language Japanese Culture Introduction to Linguistics Acquire the fundamental knowledge of 2 credits (30hours) Contemporary Read and discuss Japanese 2 credits linguistics Japanese I culture and society (30 hours) Contrastive Linguistics Compare and contrast the Japanese and 2 credits (30hours) Contemporary Acquire advanced speaking 2 credits English languages Japanese skills (30 hours) Japanese Culture Discuss Japanese culture through an 2 credits (30hours) examination of modern Japanese Elective Subjects: literature Tale of Genji Subjects of Japanese Skills Comparative Study of Consider the present state of 2 credits (30hours) Credits Culture multiculturalism Subjects Overviews (hours) Japanese Literature (The Read and analyze the puzzles of The 2 credits (30hours) Classics) Acquire skills in information 1 credit Japanese A processing and reading (30 hours) Outline of Japanese Survey the history of Japan 2 credits (30hours) History Improve presentation and 1 credit Japanese B discussion skills (30 hours) History of Japanese Study the history of Japanese thought 2 credits (30hours) Thought with a focus on religion Japanese C Learn advanced grammar and 1 credit vocabulary (30 hours) Japanese D Develop writing skills for 1 credit research papers (30 hours) ĝEach student may take other subjects in accordance with their research topic, if necessary. Develop integrated skills of the 1 credit ĝOff-campus classes may also be given, if necessary. Japanese advanced level of Japanese (30 hours)
Read text written in the classical 1 credit Japanese Japanese syllabary (30 hours) ṫHousing 4. Academic Guidance System ṯ Condition (1) Course Advisors and Coordinators There is a student dormitory at Utsunomiya University. However, Shunsuke Wakayama (International Student Center) unfortunately it is always fully occupied, so all the MEXT scholarship students Yumiko Umeki (International Student Center) are advised to rent a room at their own expense. Michiyo Takayama (Faculty of International Studies) ṯ Room rent (on average) Course advisors are responsible for organizing the Japanese Studies 1-bed room 30,000yen/month course, and help each student to make their study plan and/or decide 2-bed room 45,000yen/month their research topic. They also coordinate the course at the whole university level. ṯ Other costs You may have to pay triple the amount of money for cleaning deposit, (2) Supervisors reward and handling charge. Teachers of all subject areas in the specialized fields and classes You may have to deposit 15,000yen to your gas company to use the gas. taken by students of the Japanese Studies course. Sign up for house insurance, which costs 4,500-9,000yen. In total you need 100,000-150,000yen to settle down here.
5. Course Requirements and Certificate of Completion ṯ Room facilities Each student is required to take both required subjects (8 credits) Many rooms are air-conditioned but you have to buy heaters, stoves, and elective subjects (12 credits or more), and give an oral kitchenware, microwaves, washing machines etc at your own expense. presentation on their academic report at the end of the course. Each student who has completed a course of study will receive a Certificate of Completion.
6. Transferring Credits ṫFor more information, please contact: A copy of the student’s academic transcript will be issued so that the credits for courses completed at Utsunomiya University can be transferred to those of their home university. International Student and Exchange Division, 7. Requirements Student Affairs Department, Utsunomiya University Students who wish to participate in this program should be majoring in a field related to Japanese language or culture at their home university and Address: 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya,Tochigi 321-8505 JAPAN should have the intermediate or higher level of Japanese proficiency that Tel: +81-28-649-8167 will enable them to participate in university life in Japan alongside native Fax: +81-28-649-5115 Japanese students. E-mail: [email protected] Or visit our web site at: www.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp/indexj.html 8. Extracurricular Activities Students may participate in a wide range of extracurricular activities, including skiing lessons, sightseeing excursions, and opportunities to interact with local residents. ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕
០᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏
ṫ ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᴐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ០᠐᠁ ោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ ᴏ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូូ៏៌័ such as martial arts (Kendo & Judo), Japanese ៍ៅូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ោ៏៌ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ៅូូូូូូូូ painting, and Japanese traditional music (Koto & ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៑ូ᠊᠀ូូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូូ។៌ Shamisen) conducted by specialists. ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠃᠄᠈᠕ូ៍៌៌ូ᠇᠉ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠓᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ ៎៑ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ ᴐ Enrollment quota: 5 students ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ ᴑ The number of students attended this program ( 3 students from Japanese legation, ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូូ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៩᠋᠈᠁᠑᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៷៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠁᠃᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ់ូ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒៊៹ូូូូ 2 from Gunma Univ.) ᠁᠈᠈᠑᠈ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៨᠅᠕ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៎៌៌។ូ᠕៊ូូ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូ៷ូូូូូូ៍ូូូូ់ូូូូូូ៍ូូូូ៹ ៤᠋᠏᠌᠅᠐᠈᠏ៈូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ៎៌៌៕ូ᠕៊ូូ៏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូ៷ូូូូូ៎ូូូូូ់ូូូូូូ៍ូ ៹ ᴑ Qualifications and Conditions of Applicants ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋ូ᠋᠊៊ូ ៎៌៍៌ូ᠕៊ូូ៍ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូ៷ូូូូូ៌ូូូូូ់ូូូូូូ៍ូ ៹ (1) Students are expected to have the Japanese ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ language ability to understand lectures and read ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠊ូ᠐᠐᠅᠊ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᴒ ២᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠏᠄᠅ ᠅᠐᠕ materials. They are expected to have passed the ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠓᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ៈូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠑᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠕ូ᠉᠆᠁᠏᠐᠅ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊ូ᠊᠃᠁᠏ៈ Japanese Language Proficiency Test at Level 2 ᠄᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ ៩᠁᠏᠄᠅ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៧᠊᠐᠋ (Intermediate) or Level 1 (Advanced). ᠀᠁᠉᠊᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠈᠅᠊៊ូ៳᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠈᠊᠀᠏᠌᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូូ᠈᠋᠐ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠄᠋᠐ (2) Students are expected to have majors related to ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠅᠐᠁᠁᠊ូ᠉᠆᠋᠏៊ូ ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠒᠅᠁᠀ូ᠌᠋᠀᠑᠐᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠐᠇᠁᠏ Japanese Language and/or Japanese Culture. ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៖ូ៰᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠕ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ូ ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠌᠅᠀᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ ᴒ Purpose of the achievement ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠄᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ ᠐᠁᠊ូ᠕᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠉᠇᠁᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠐᠊᠐ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ At the final stage, students make a research report in ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ ᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ Japanese and make a presentation and debate ᠁᠂᠂᠋᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠅᠒᠁᠏᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠊᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ regarding to their own research. ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊ូូូូូូូូូូ ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠏᠁᠁᠇᠏ូ ᴓ Period ᴏ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ ᠓᠕᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠒᠁ូ᠄᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ October 1, 2011September 30, 2012 ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ ៦ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠐᠁᠏ូូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ “ ” Closing ceremony will be held in September 2011 ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠊ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠁ូ᠅᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠑᠈᠂᠅᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁᠏ៈូ᠓᠁ូ᠅᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ In the J Program, Students are assigned same as last year’s program. ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠑᠐᠈᠋᠋᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ in the Faculty of Education or the Faculty of Social and ᠁᠏᠏᠁᠊᠐᠅᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠐᠅᠂᠅ូ᠐᠄᠅᠊᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ Information Studies depends on their interests and majors. ᴔ In-campus Network The students have a opportunity to deepening their ᠁᠊᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠁ូ᠁᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ៈូ Center for International Education and Research understanding of their research while promoting their ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠐ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠁᠐᠋᠏៊ (CIER)coordinates the Japanese curriculum while Japanese ability. each supervisor in the faculty guides their major ៎ៅូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠀᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ៎្ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠁᠈᠁᠒᠁᠊ូ᠏᠅᠏᠐᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៍៌៊ូ᠋᠉᠁ subjects. Faculty menbers 871 ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦៨៰ូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠁ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ Undergraduate students 5,190 ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ូូ᠋ូ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ Graduate students 1,546 ᴙ ᴕ Outline of Classes Credits 4) Exchange with citizens 1)Required Classes The students receive a academic certificate ⁹Lectures in a school. In the class of “Japanese B”, Fall ’11 Spring ‘12 describing the subject s evaluation and credit students learns the method of effective presentation. Japanese Language 4 classes 4 classes when the Faculty approves their class attendance ⁹Hosting program and international events by the city Japanese studies 1 class 1 class and examination’s score meets the requirement. The students can submit the certificate to home Special Lectures*2 1 class 1 class ᴖ Research Work 1 class 1 class Instruction System institute for their credit transfer. (Individual guidance) 1) Coordinator: Mr. NODA, Takehito 2) Supervisor: Students offer academic advice and ṫ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ 2) Selective Classes*2 individual guidance on the student's own research The university makes reservation of a single through seminar and lecture. Cooperated with room of International House of Gunma University, [Japanese Language] related faculties, students organize a plan of their which locates in 4km far from the campus. The Japanese A: Listening, Communication own research work. rooms are full of undergraduate and graduate Japanese B: Oral Expression, In addition, teaching staff of the Faculty, Teaching staff students. So a reasonable private apartment near Presentation Practice of the Japanese language and Japanese Studies, campus will be provided same as other new Japanese C: Reading, Writing and tutors cooperate the program and assist the exchange students. Single room costs 30,000 Japanese D: Grammar, Communication students. yen per month. Plus the students additionally Japanese E: Specialized Reading, Making Thesis consider the 10,000-20,000 yen for public charge ᴗ ៝᠊᠊᠑᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ Japanese F: Science Japanese, Reading Practice such as electricity, gas, water, internet, and cell ᠐᠋᠁ូូូូូូ᠌᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ phone. [Japanese Studies] ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូោ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ៅៈូ៰᠑᠐᠋ូ᠋᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ Japanese Studies A: Project Work on the ᠋᠒᠁᠉᠁ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁’᠏ូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ“᠐᠑᠀᠕ ṫ ៥᠊᠍᠑᠅᠅᠁᠏ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊” ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ៈូ២᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ Modern Japanese Culture ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ៈូ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠄᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ᠄᠁᠇ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ Japanese Studies B: Studies of Policy ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូូ័៉៎ូ៝᠉᠇᠅៉᠉᠄᠅ៈូ៩᠁᠏᠄᠅ៈ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ Diplomacy and International Relation in Japan ៣᠑᠊᠉ៈូ៏៓៍៉។៑៍៌ៈូូ៦៝៝ ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ូូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ Japanese Studies C: Studies of Japanese ៰១៨៖ូូូូូូូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៓៉៎៎៌៉៓្៎៓ ៦᠊᠑᠕ូូូូូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠉᠑᠏᠅’᠏ូូ᠋᠊᠁᠐ Traditional Culture ២៝៴៖ូូូូូូូូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៎៓៉៎៎៌៉៓្៏៌ ២᠁᠑᠕ូូូូូ᠈᠋᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈ Japanese Art Practice/ Japanese Painting ១៉៩៝៥៨៖ូូូ᠃៉᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ៜ᠆᠅᠉᠑៊᠃᠑᠊᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ and arts, Japanese traditional instruments ᠇᠅ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ៧᠑᠏᠐᠏᠑ ៝᠌᠅᠈ូូូូូូូូូូ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ᠄᠁᠇ *1℆Fourteen professors have a special lecture in ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋៖ូ ៦᠑᠈᠕ូូូូូូូូូូូ១᠔᠄᠅᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃᠏ the point of the view of their major and ៩៊ូ០៝ៈូ៰᠇᠁᠄᠅᠐᠋ៈូ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦ូ᠋᠃᠉ៈ Japanese ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ១᠔᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ culture and society. ោ៥១ៅ ℆ *2 Students must attend 2 classes at least from ១៉៩៝៥៨៖ូូូ᠊᠋᠀᠐ៜ᠃᠑᠊᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ their majors’ subjects in Faculty of Education ᴘ ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ័៎៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ and/or Faculty of Social and Information Studies. ៣᠑᠊᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠏ ᠓᠁᠏᠅᠐᠁៖ូូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠃᠑᠊᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠀ៈូ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ្៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ ៥១᠏ ᠓᠁᠒᠏᠅᠐᠁ ᠁᠔᠁᠈᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐ូ᠁᠋᠀៊ 3) Visits http://cier.aramaki.gunma-u.ac.jp/ ⁹Feb. Ski Program in Kusatsu, Gunma ៩᠁᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៥១ូ᠐᠋᠐᠈᠈᠕ូ᠆᠑᠀᠃᠁᠏ូូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ ⁹Sept. Excursion nearby Gunma ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ⁹ day visit to museum in Tokyo, Chiba and within Gunma ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ោ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ៅ
ℛℲℲℱℾℵ℺ℳ ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠇᠅᠊᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠅᠃᠊ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ើ
៍៊ូូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ៈូ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៏ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠑᠉᠉᠕ ᠁᠏᠁᠄៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠋᠅᠈ូ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ៨᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠉᠁᠐᠋᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠊ូ᠁ៈូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠏᠁᠁᠇᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠉᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠑᠈᠂᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏ូូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠑᠉៉ ᠀᠅᠏᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐ូ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ᠈᠓ៈូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠕ៈូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕៊ូ᠑ូ ᠏᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ ៳᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠁᠉ូ᠉᠇᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ្៍᠏᠐ ᠕᠁ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠅᠂᠕ៈូ᠊᠈᠕᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠈᠒᠁ូ᠌᠋᠈᠁᠉᠏ៈូ᠅᠊ូូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ᠏ូូ᠉᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠂᠋ូ៱᠓ូ ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠓ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠀᠅᠒᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ ៤᠅᠃᠄ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ៈូ᠅᠐᠉ូ៰᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៉᠐᠋៉᠐᠁᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠋៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠁᠅᠃᠄᠐᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉᠁ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠐᠁᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈូ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠏ូ᠀᠅᠒᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ ᠏ូ᠅᠐ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠑᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠋᠓ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠁᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠏ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠊ូ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠐᠅᠂᠅ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៝᠏ូ᠄᠋᠏᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠌᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូោ᠅᠐᠉ូ ៑៎៌ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠅᠋ូ᠂᠅᠏᠈ូ ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠏᠅᠉᠑᠈᠐᠊᠁᠋᠑᠏᠈᠕ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠅᠐᠕ៅ ᠕᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌᠏ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠅᠉᠑᠈᠐᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ ៳᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៓៍៕៌ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠏᠊᠀ៈូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠊ូ᠅᠊᠈᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠕ូ ᠂᠑᠊᠀᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៧᠊᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠊ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠌᠁᠌᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠂᠈᠁᠔᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠅᠊᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠋᠀᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠁᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠅᠊᠃៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ᠀᠁᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊៉᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠋᠀᠕᠏ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀ៈូ᠕ូ ᠄᠋᠑ូ᠕ូ៰᠅᠊៊ូ៝᠏ូូ᠏᠐᠐᠁᠃᠅ូ᠐᠊᠏᠌᠋᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ ᠈᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠅᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ៈូូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠐᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠐᠈᠋᠋᠇៊ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠁᠏᠏ូ᠏ូូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈូ ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐ូ᠂᠋᠏᠐᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠈᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠇᠁᠕ូ᠂᠑᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠏ូ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠔᠐៉᠃᠁᠊᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ ᠌᠅᠐᠈៊ ᠐᠋ូូ᠄៊០៊ៈូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠊᠀᠅᠀᠐᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁᠏ូ ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ᠃᠈᠋᠈ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ ᠈᠁᠊ូ ᠊ូ᠁᠊᠃᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠌᠅᠐᠈ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠐᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូូ ៏៌᠇᠉ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ូ៳᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ៈូ ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠅᠋ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠋᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁៉᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ ᠌᠋᠏᠐៉᠀᠋᠐᠋᠐᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠋᠑᠐ូ៍៎៏៌ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠏᠊᠀ៈូ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠄᠏ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏៊ូ៝᠈᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠏᠋᠈᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠈᠁᠉᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠊ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠁᠍᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ូ ᠉᠕ូ᠏᠁᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូូ᠋᠑᠊᠀᠋᠑᠐ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀ៈូ᠅᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠁᠐᠅᠊ៈូ᠌᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠊᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠅᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠄៊ូ᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠒᠋᠈᠒᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠓᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠄᠕᠏᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠁᠉᠅᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠊᠅᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠋᠉᠂᠋᠐᠈᠁ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ ᠉᠕᠅᠀ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊᠂᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀៊ ᠓᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠂᠋᠉᠏ូ ᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠊᠏᠌᠋᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ៈូូ᠈᠑᠏᠄ូ᠃᠁᠁᠊ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ័៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ ោ៎ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ ៅូ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូ៑៎៕ូោ៏៏ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូូូូូ៝᠋᠑᠐ូ៍៌ ៰᠄᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠏ៅ ោ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠏᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏ូោ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ្៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁ៅ ២᠑᠈᠈៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏៖ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ូ᠋ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ᬌ ១᠄ូ៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ៰᠄᠅᠐᠕ូូ ៎៌ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠌᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ័ូោ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូូ ោ៎ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠁᠉ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏ូោ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូូូូ្៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁ៅូូ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ោ៏ៅូ᠐᠄᠁ ៅូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូូូូ ោ៏ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូូូូូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ ᠐᠇᠁ូូ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐ូ᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូូូ ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠁ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠀ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐᠏៊ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏៖ូ័្៏ ᴏ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូូូូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ។ៈ។័៕ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᮐោ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ៅូូូូូ ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូូូូ ោ℃ៈ៑។៌ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ៈូ៍ៈ៎្៕ ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ៅ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᮐោ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ៅូូូូូ ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏៊ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᮐោ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៅូូូូូូូូូូ ោ័ៅូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូោ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ៅ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᮑ ᴏ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏៖ូ᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ៎៊ូូ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ៝ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ᠕ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ០᠐ៅូូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ᴐ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏៖ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៅូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ូូ ៏៊ូូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠁᠐᠕ៅូ ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូូ ោ៍ៅូ៝᠅᠉᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ០ូោ៥᠉᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊៖ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠀᠁᠊᠐᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូូ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠁᠁᠇᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠁᠈᠕ូ ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ៩᠁᠀᠅ៅូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁ូ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠁᠏ូូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ១ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៲᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᴑ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូោℒℭℯ⅁ℸ⅀ⅅ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅ូ᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូែូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៅៈូ᠊᠀ូ ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠉᠑᠐᠑᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ២ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ៝᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ៉ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៰᠄᠁᠐᠅᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠅᠏ូ᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠌ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៉ ៅ ោ៑ៅូ᠑᠉᠉᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋᠅᠈᠏ៈូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ោ៎ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ២᠋᠉᠐ ⅑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ៣ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ១᠐᠄᠊᠅ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូៅ ᴏ᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠏ូ᠀᠁᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠋᠐ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ ᠊᠊᠑᠈᠈᠕៊ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៱᠊᠀᠁ូ ᴐ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠌᠅᠋᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូូ ᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠌᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូូូូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ ᴐ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᴑ០᠕ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠔᠐᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ ោ១᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁᠏ៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៗូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៗូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠏᠌᠌᠁᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៗូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៗូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏៊ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠅᠐᠅᠖᠁᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ោ្ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូូ ោ៏ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ ᴑ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠓᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូូូ ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠅᠁᠀ូូូ ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠈᠕ូ ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៍៎ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠉᠅᠊᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូᴏៈូᴐ ᠊᠀ូᴑ᠋᠒᠁៊ ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ ᠁᠊᠁᠂᠅᠅᠈៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠁ូ᠋᠅᠃᠅᠊᠈ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠏᠑᠈᠐᠏៊ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠊᠂᠁ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠁᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠈᠁᠔᠅᠈᠁ូ᠑᠅᠑᠈᠑᠉ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ៍៎ូ᠋ូូូ ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉៊ ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូᴏៈូᴐៈូ᠊᠀ូᴑ ᠅᠊ូោ៏ៅូៅូ᠉᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁᠀ូូ ᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠏ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ោ៓ៅូ᠐᠄᠁ូោ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐ូ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៅ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូូូូ ᠂᠑᠈᠂᠅᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᴏ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀ូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូូ ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូូ ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠏᠏ូូ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠈᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៎ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូូ ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូូ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠒᠅᠁᠏៊ ᴐ៥᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠋ូូូ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូូូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠅᠊ូូ ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀៊
៑៊ូ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠏ូូ៕។ូ ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ៑៑ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠉᠅᠁᠀ូ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍៕ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠊ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៍៓៌ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠌᠅᠋᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁៊
៥᠊᠍᠑᠅᠅᠁᠏
០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៖ូូូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ៈ ᠅᠐᠉ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៎៑៑ូ᠄᠅᠉᠋៉᠇᠑᠋ៈូ᠇᠑៉᠇᠑ៈូ ᠅᠐᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠅᠐᠉ូូ៏៏។៉។៑៓៌ៈូ៦᠌᠊ ៰᠁᠈៊៖ូូូូូូះ។៍៉័។៉។៑។៉៏៌៎។ូោ០᠅᠁᠐ៅ ២᠔៖ូូូូូូះ។៍៉័។៉។៑។៉៕្៓៑ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូូូ᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠉᠅᠈៊᠏᠅᠐᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ៱៨៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠏៊᠏᠅᠐᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៱៨៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠏᠅᠐᠉៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ Chiba university (Chiba)
:HKDYHDYDULHW\RIFRXUVHVGHVLJQHGIRUERWK-DSDQHVHDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOVWXGHQWV ṫ University introduction ṫCourse summary 2. Structure of the course Chiba University, one of the largest and most vibrant 1. Aims and features of the course (1) Students number limit: eight national universities in Japan, was founded in 1949. (1) Aims (2) Course Period: one year (From October 1, 2011 to At present, Chiba University comprises nine faculties To attain a high level of competence in Japanese, particularly for September 30, 2012) and schools (the Faculties of Letters, Education, Law and academic purposes; to acquire specialized knowledge about Autumn semester: October 1, 2011-mid-February, 2012 Economics, Science, Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Japan; to master basic research skills in order to pursue Spring semester: early April 2012-early August, 2012 and Horticulture, and the Schools of Medicine and Nursing), future studies; and to deepen understanding of Japan (3) Composition of the course and eight graduate schools (Humanities and Social Science, through field trips and activities with Japanese students and There will be no classes solely for Nikkensei, but they will Education, Science, Engineering, Horticulture, Advanced the local community. attend independent guidance sessions. Integration Science, Nursing, Medical and Pharmaceutical (2) Features 3. Study of Japanese language, culture and society Sciences, Medicine, and Pharmaceutical Sciences). Other Students take Japanese language courses appropriate for their level, (1) Overview of courses facilities include the Center for International Research and attaining an overall improvement in their language abilities. Students select courses from categories 1) to 3) listed Education, University Library, Safety and Health They will take a variety of classes in Japanese language and culture below on the basis of their major field of study Organization and University Hospital. designed to promote interaction between Japanese and and Japanese language ability. Chiba University boasts a distinguished general international students and creating a unique international Numbers in square brackets [ ] show the number of class education program for undergraduates, and graduating study environment. meetings per week (90 minutes per meeting). students high rates of success in qualification examinations They will also be able to select from the great variety of specialized Courses that are numbered I/II or 1/2 are held in to become teachers, doctors, pharmacists and attorneys. lectures and seminars offered at the Faculty of Letters, separate semesters. At present there are 9,755 students in the undergraduate Faculty of Education, Faculty of Law and Economics as Subjects marked with Ṳ are compulsory. program, 2,915 students in Master and Doctoral Programs, well as other faculties depending on their Japanese 1) Japanese courses and 1,218 faculty members. As of November 2010, there are language ability and fields of interest. Students will take Japanese classes according to their 1,112 international students from 55 countries, and five Through courses and field trips they will gain first-hand knowledge level of proficiency. There are six levels at students are enrolled as students of the Japanese Studies of communities in Chiba Prefecture. By learning about the intermediate level or higher, but Nikkensei will Program, four of whom were recommended by Japanese local culture and history through visiting museums and typically take three or four courses at one of the embassies. other public institutions, e.g. schools, they will gain many following four levels: Students in the Japanese Studies Program will be on the opportunities for actual cultural exchange. main campus (Nishi Chiba) in Chiba City, which has a At the same time students will also pursue research projects in their Japanese 2 Integrated Course [2] population of about 960,000. The campus can be reached by specialized fields and submit a final essay in Japanese Upper Intermediate Reading Comprehension [1] train in one hour from Tokyo, and is about 45 minutes by car language. Oral Expression [1] Composition [1] from Narita International Airport. It is a pleasant campus (3) Exchanges Kanji [1] with abundant greenery. Chiba Prefecture is surrounded by Students will have tutors with whom they may carry on one-on-one rivers and the sea, and has mild climate throughout the year. communication. Japanese 2 Integrated Course [2] Please refer to the following URL for information about the There are also home visit, home stay and cultural programs. Upper Intermediate 2 Oral Expression[1] environs: Students will be encouraged to participate in the activities Composition [1] http://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/english/index.html conducted by Chiba University International Student Group Kanji [1] (CISG) such as chat rooms or Universal Festivals. Japanese Grammar [1] Faculty of Engineering: Japanese 3 Written Expression [1] We will learn about word inflection and grammatical History of Japanese Architecture* Pre-Advanced Reading Comprehension [1] categories in Japanese. Oral Expression [1] 3) Japanese Studies: Social Sciences Advanced Japanese Grammar [1] The Japanese Language in Its Diversity [1] A. General Education Subjects We will view Japanese from various angles in its spatial extent Japan Seen through Current Events I/II Japanese 4 Integrated Course [2] and chronological depth, and examine its relationship to Each week we will discuss an article appearing in a Advanced Oral Expression[1] neighboring Asian languages. newspaper or weekly magazine, explaining how it relates to Composition [1] ṲSeminar on Cultural Diversity in Japan [1] everyday life. We will consider how we interact with other members of our B. Specialized courses at the Faculties 2) Japanese Studies: Humanities community, who have a variety of cultural backgrounds. Discussion and activities in and out of class will lead to a re- Faculty of Education: A. General Education Subjects examination of the culture and history of Chiba as a Japanese Politics* [1] Japanese Traditional Culture: The Spirit of Japan [1] multicultural and multilingual community. Faculty of Law and Economics: We will focus on Japanese culture, society and religion, Ṳ Research Work (Humanities) I/II [1] Japanese Economy* [1], History of Japanese Law* [2] with frequent discussions. This course is for students in the Japanese Studies Program to Note: Students must have some background knowledge of Japanese Contemporary Japanese Lifestyles [1] write their final report. history to take History of Japanese Law. Details on courses in 2) and 3) may be found at the We will focus on customs seen in Japanese society, and Research work III/IV use them as a basis to try to understand the psychology following web page: This course will focus on how to gain the most when visiting of the Japanese people. http://www.chiba-u.ac.jp/student/syllabus/ Japanese history and folklore museums. In their coursework Postwar Japanese Diet I/II [1] students will design museum exhibition guide in the Japanese (2) Research paper We will survey the culture of food in Japan, focusing on Language, which they will later translate into their own Students are required to write a research paper (at least 6,000 foods and cuisines that have appeared in the post-war languages. characters). They will receive advice from their academic era, and investigate the cultural and social background supervisors as well as advice and instruction from the B. Specialized courses at the Faculties behind everyday foods. instructors in the Center for International Research and The following courses particularly welcome students from this Images of Japan [1] Education teaching Research Work courses (their specialties program. These courses have been designed specifically for are Japanese Linguistics, Japanese Folklore Studies, We will discuss what sort of images Japanese and international students, or designed with them in mind, except international students have of Japan, based on a variety Japanese History, Intercultural Psychology and Japanese for the ones marked with a * which are intended for general Language Teaching). Students will also receive Japanese of subjects and points of view, acquiring a more students. objective perspective. We will also deepen our language help from their tutors. understanding with considerations of the images the Faculty of Letters: In July there is a session at which students present their Japanese have of other countries. Introduction to Japan Studies B/C [1], Learning about Japan research papers, which will then be collected and published. B [1], Intercultural Contacts A* [1] Selected Aspects of the Japanese Language 1 [1] We will overview Japanese phonology and grammar and Faculty of Education: examine those characteristics that can cause errors for Seminar on International Education I/II [1], Education Affairs non-native speakers. in Japan I/II [1], Reading Articles on Education I/II [1], Information Education in Japan [1] Examples of previous research paper topics: Dec. Home visits ·Applicants should have an academic research •History and social role of the Sanja Festival. Jan. Home stay (overnight) interest in a field of Japanese studies, and have the •Analysis of the relation between attractions and shops Jun. Kabuki demonstration and performance intention to continue such research after returning to at Tokyo Disney Sea. Sep. Completion Ceremony their home country. •Immigrant working women: Image and reality of Students also have the chance to introduce their own countries' ·Priority will be given to students who will be foreign women working in Japan. culture at the University's Universal Festival, and meet students at studying in Japan for the first time. •Usage of the word “yatsu”: Based on Shôwa-era novels elementary schools to learn about each other's culture. •How J-pop lyrics are written: orthographical variation 6. Requirements and Certificate of Completion ṫAccommodation and its effect Chiba University issues a Certificate of Completion to those who Single rooms at Chiba University International successfully complete more than twelve courses (eighteen credits) House will be provided for the students in this course. 4. Advice and councelling and write a research report. The dormitory fee is ¥19,000 per month, inclusive of The following teachers at the Center for International 7. Awarding of credits common expenses and internet access fees, but Research and Education will provide both academic and Students will be given a certificate showing their acquisition of excluding electricity, heating, water and sewage personal advice. They will also conduct guidance and credit for classes in which they have enrolled and performed charges. In the past three years all nikkensei students homeroom regularly. satisfactorily. were given accommodation in the International Aya Yoshino (Japanese language education, applied 8. Qualifications and Conditions of Applicants House. The International House is in Inage, one train linguistics); Students must fulfill all the following requirements: station west of Nishi Chiba campus or a short Kanako Nishizumi (Japanese language education, 1) Japanese Language Ability distance by bicycle. pragmatics). Applicants should have attained ability in Japanese equivalent to All students will be allocated to faculties (Letters, Education, N2 or higher of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test: ṫ Law and Economics) on the basis of the academic field they Chiba University address · mastery of sentence patterns and expressions in intermediate or specify. They will be given an academic supervisor from the Office advanced Japanese relevant faculty, who will provide them academic advice in Head of International Student Division, at the · routine conversation skills in Japanese cooperation with the program coordinator. Department of Student affairs Address: 1-33, ·understanding of basic lectures and seminars in Japanese designed Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, 5. Excursions and Exchange Activities for international students To provide opportunities for interaction and friendship Japan · reading knowledge of approximately 1000 kanji Tel: 81-43-290-2193 Fax: 81-43-290-2198 with people from the University and the community, Chiba · ability to read texts of general interest with dictionaries University offers home visit and home stay programs for E-mail: [email protected] · knowledge of basic vocabulary in their major fields of study http://www.chiba-u.ac.jp/ international students. Students may also participate · ability to write a short composition (explanatory text or opinion programs sponsored by the University for introducing on general topics) of about 1000 characters. aspects of Japanese culture, and go to a Kabuki performance. You may contact the following contact person about 2) Japanese Language Study and Major Field of Study the contents of the course. Oct. Welcome Party · At least two years' study of Japanese is essential. Nov.- Jan. Programs to Introduce to Japanese Culture YOSHINO Aya (Center for International Research ·At the time of application and arrival in Japan, applicants must be and Education):[email protected] (putting on yukata, explanation of wedding costume, origami, enrolled as undergraduate students in faculties of schools which tea ceremony, calligraphy) offer majors in Japanese language or Japanese culture. Nov. Field trip (Bôsô village, Sawara, Naritasan Temple) ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ ፯ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፰ ᎔ᎼᎳᎻᎰ፴ᎳᎰᎵᎮᎼᎨᎳ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎔ᎼᎳᎻᎰ፴ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎊᎨᎴᎷᎼᎺ፧፭፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎌᎫᎼᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ ᦪᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧᎐ᎵᎻᎹᎶᎫᎼᎪᎻᎰᎶᎵ ᎵᎫᎬᎹᎮᎶᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎵᎬᎾ፧ᎫᎬᎽᎬᎳᎶᎷᎴᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎭᎻᎬᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎶᎹᎳᎫ፧ᎨᎹ፧᎐᎐፳፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ፸፰፧᎕ᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎈᎪᎪᎬᎷᎻᎬᎫ፧ ᎐፵፧ᎍᎬᎨᎻᎼᎹᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎖ᎽᎬᎹᎽᎰᎬᎾ፧ ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀᙝᎺ፧ᎴᎨᎰᎵ፧ᎮᎶᎨᎳ፧ᎯᎨᎺ፧ᎩᎬᎬᎵ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎫᎬᎬᎷᎬᎵ፧ᎼᎵᎫᎬᎹᎺᎻᎨᎵᎫᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ ፹፻፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ ፸፰፧ᎏᎰᎺᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎐ᎫᎬᎵᎻᎰᎻᏀ ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬᎺ፳፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎶᎭᎭᎬᎹ፧ᎯᎰᎮᎯ፧ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎹᎨᎰᎵᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎰᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎨᎪᎻᎰᎽᎰᎻᎰᎬᎺ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎶ፧ ፹፰፧ᎊᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎷᎬᎹᎰᎶᎫ ᎈᎺ፧ᎨᎵ፧ᎰᎵᎺᎻᎰᎻᎼᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎰᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ ᎻᎬᎨᎪᎯ፧ᎩᎶᎻᎯ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎷᎹᎨᎪᎻᎰᎪᎨᎳ፧ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯᎬᎺ፧ᎩᎨᎺᎬᎫ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎬᎫ፧ ᎖ᎪᎻᎶᎩᎬᎹ፧፹፷፸፸፧ᙘ ᎬᎷᎻᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧፹፷፸፹ ᎹᎬᎳᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎺ፳፧ᎾᎶᎹᎳᎫ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬᎺ፳፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎬᎻᏀ፳፧ ᎲᎵᎶᎾᎳᎬᎫᎮᎬ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬᎺ፵፧᎓ᎰᎽᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎼᎷ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎰᎻᎺ፧ᎴᎨᎰᎵ፧ ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎰᎺ፧ᎭᎰᎹᎴᎳᏀ፧ ᎬᎫᎼᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎷᎯᎰᎳᎶᎺᎶᎷᎯᏀ፳፧ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎪᎶᎵᎻᎰᎵᎼᎬᎺ፧ ፺፰፧ᎊᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎴᎨᎻ ᎬᎺᎻᎨᎩᎳᎰᎺᎯᎬᎫ፧ᎨᎺ፧Ꭸ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎸᎼᎬ ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎨᎴᎶᎵᎮ፧ᎴᎨᎵᏀ፧ ᎻᎶ፧ᎷᎹᎶᎫᎼᎪᎬ፧ᎯᎰᎮᎯᎳᏀ፧ᎸᎼᎨᎳᎰᎭᎰᎬᎫ፧ᎮᎹᎨᎫᎼᎨᎻᎬᎺ፧ᎾᎰᎻᎯ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎨᎩᎰᎳᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎺᎲᎰᎳᎳᎺ፧ᎵᎬᎪᎬᎺᎺᎨᎹᏀ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍ፧፯፧ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳᎺ፧ ᎶᎻᎯᎬᎹ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎰᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፵፧ ᎻᎶ፧ᎩᎬ፧ᎨᎻ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎵᎻᎳᎰᎵᎬ፧ᎨᎪᎻᎰᎽᎰᎻᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎮᎳᎶᎩᎨᎳ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎴᎼᎵᎰᎻᏀ፵፧ ᎶᎽᎬᎹᎨᎳᎳ፳፧ᎴᎶᎹᎬ፧ᎻᎯᎨᎵ፧፻፷፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬᎺ፰፧ᎶᎭᎭᎬᎹᎺ፧ᎼᎷ፧ᎻᎶ፧፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬᎺ፧ ᎯᎬ፧ᎍᎨᎪᎼᎳᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፳፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎎᎹᎨᎫᎼᎨᎻᎬ፧ ᎶᎭ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎷᎬᎹ፧ᎾᎬᎬᎲ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ ፹፰፧᎕ᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎨᎪᎼᎳᎻᏀ፧᎔ᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧፯ᎈᎺ፧ᎶᎭ፧᎔ᎨᏀ፧፸፳፧፹፷፸፷፰ ᎪᎯᎶᎶᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎎᎳᎶᎩᎨᎳ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧፯᎔ᎨᎺᎻᎬᎹᙝᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎋᎶᎪᎻᎶᎹᎨᎳ፧ ᎨᎪᎪᎶᎹᎫᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳ፵፧ᎍᎼᎹᎻᎯᎬᎹᎴᎶᎹᎬ፳፧ ፴ ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ ᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴᎺ፰፳፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎊᎬᎵᎻᎬᎹ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎳᎺᎶ፧ᎻᎨᎲᎬ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎬᎫ፧ ᎍᎨᎪᎼᎳᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ ፺ᎀ፹ ᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎙ᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ፧᎐ᎵᎺᎻᎰᎻᎼᎻᎬ፧ ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎳᏀ፧ᎪᎹᎬᎨᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎴ፵፧᎐Ꮅ፧ᎨᎫᎫᎰᎻᎰᎶᎵ፳፧ ᎔ᎨᎺᎻᎬᎹᙝᎺ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ ፺፹ᎀ ᎭᎶᎹ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎊᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬᎺ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎈᎺᎰᎨ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎈᎭᎹᎰᎪᎨ፧ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎹᎬ፧ᎹᎬᎸᎼᎰᎹᎬᎫ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎾᎹᎰᎻᎬ፧ᎨᎵ፧ᎬᎺᎺᎨᏀ፧ᎨᎩᎶᎼᎻ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ ᎋᎶᎪᎻᎶᎹᎨᎳ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ ፹፹፻፧ ፯᎐᎓ᎊᎈᎈ፰፳ ᎾᎶᎹᎲ፧ᎯᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎯᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎹᎬᎨᎳᎰᏁᎬ፧Ꭸ፧ᎽᎨᎺᎻ፧ᎨᎹᎬᎨ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎶᎵᎬ፴ᏀᎬᎨᎹ፧ᎬᎿᎷᎬᎹᎰᎬᎵᎪᎬ፧ᎶᎹ፧ᎾᎹᎰᎻᎬ፧Ꭸ፧ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ ᎷᎨᎷᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ ፴ ᎍᎨᎪᎼᎳᎻᏀ፧᎔ᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹᎺ፧ ፹፻ ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧Ꭸ፧ᎽᎨᎹᎰᎬᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎭᎰᎬᎳᎫᎺ፧ ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎴᎨᎲᎬ፧Ꭸ፧ᎷᎹᎬᎺᎬᎵᎻᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፵፧ᎍᎼᎹᎻᎯᎬᎹᎴᎶᎹᎬ፳፧ ᎰᎵᎪᎳᎼᎫᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎳᎰᎵᎮᎼᎰᎺᎻᎰᎪᎺ፳፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬᎺ፳፧ᎳᎰᎻᎬᎹᎨᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧ᎯᎰᎺᎻᎶᎹᏀ፳፧ ᎐᎐፵፧᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎌᎿᎪᎯᎨᎵᎮᎬ፧ᎈᎪᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎰᎺᎯᎴᎬᎵᎻ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ ᎷᎳᎨᎪᎬᎫ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧፸፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎶᎹ፧ᎯᎰᎮᎯᎬᎹ፧ᎪᎨᎵ፧ ᎷᎯᎰᎳᎶᎺᎶᎷᎯᏀ፳፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎨᎵᎻᎯᎹᎶᎷᎶᎳᎶᎮᏀ፳፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎶᎳᎶᎮᏀ፳፧ᎷᎶᎳᎰᎻᎰᎪᎺ፳፧ ᎍ፧ᎺᎬᎵᎫᎺ፧ᎰᎻᎺ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎰᎵᎺᎻᎰᎻᎼᎻᎰᎶᎵᎺ፧ᎳᎶᎪᎨᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎨᎳᎳ፧ ᎨᎻᎻᎬᎵᎫ፧ᎼᎵᎫᎬᎹᎮᎹᎨᎫᎼᎨᎻᎬ፧ᎪᎳᎨᎺᎺᎬᎺ፵፧፧፧፧፧ ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎬᎪᎶᎵᎶᎴᎰᎪᎺ፧ᎪᎶᎽᎬᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎴᎶᎺᎻ፧ᎷᎨᎹᎻ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎾᎶᎹᎳᎫ፳፧ ᎶᎽᎬᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎾᎶᎹᎳᎫ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎨᎳᎺᎶ፧ᎨᎪᎻᎰᎽᎬᎳᏀ፧ᎹᎬᎪᎬᎰᎽᎬ፧ᎰᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፵ ፻፰፧᎖ᎼᎻᎳᎰᎵᎬ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎊᎳᎨᎺᎺᎬᎺ፶ᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧፧ ᎺᎼᎪᎯ፧ᎨᎺ፧ᎈᎺᎰᎨ፳፧ᎈᎭᎹᎰᎪᎨ፳፧ᎌᎼᎹᎶᎷᎬ፳፧᎕ᎶᎹᎻᎯ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎶᎼᎻᎯ፧ ᮦᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎈᎫᎴᎰᎺᎺᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎶ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ፧ ᎊᎳᎨᎺᎺᎬᎺ፧ᎾᎰᎳᎳ፧ᎩᎬ፧ᎯᎬᎳᎫ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧፸፼፧ᎾᎬᎬᎲᎺ፧ᎫᎼᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎬᎨᎪᎯ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎈᎴᎬᎹᎰᎪᎨ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎖ᎪᎬᎨᎵᎰᎨ፵ ᎐Ꮅ፧፸ᎀ፷፳፧ᎍ፧ᎩᎬᎪᎨᎴᎬ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎭᎰᎹᎺᎻ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎰᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎨᎫᎴᎰᎻ፧፧፧፧ ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎍᎨᎳᎳ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎷᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎺᎬᎴᎬᎺᎻᎬᎹ፵ Ꮆ፧ᎼᎵᎫᎬᎹᎺᎻᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎾᎯᎬᎹᎬ፧ᎍ፧ᎰᎺ፧ᎯᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፳፧ᎰᎻ፧ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎻᎶ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ፵፧ᎯᎬ፧ᎵᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎾᎶᎼᎳᎫ፧ᎩᎬ፧ᎯᎬᎳᎷᎭᎼᎳ፧፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎺᎯᎬᎫ፧ᎳᎰᎮᎯᎻ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀᙝᎺ፧ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎫᎴᎰᎻᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎾᎨᎺ፧፹፻፧ᎰᎵ፧፹፷፷፳፧፹፻፧ᎰᎵ፧፹፷፷ᎀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧፹፻፧ᎰᎵ፧፹፷፸፷፵ Ꭸ፰፧᎔ᎨᎵᎫᎨᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ ᎶᎹᎰᎮᎰᎵ፵፧ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎪᎯᎶᎶᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧፯ᎬᎺᎻᎨᎩᎳᎰᎺᎯᎬᎫ፧ ᮦ᎕ᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎼᎵᎫᎬᎹᎮᎹᎨᎫᎼᎨᎻᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎮᎹᎨᎫᎼᎨᎻᎬ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬᎁ፧ᎍᎶᎹ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎾᎰᎻᎯ፧ ᎰᎵ፧፸ᎀᎀ፰፧ᎰᎺ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀᙝᎺ፧ᎫᎰᎹᎬᎪᎻ፧ᎷᎹᎬᎫᎬᎪᎬᎺᎺᎶᎹ፵፧ᎈᎺ፧ ፼፺፷፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧፸፧ᎪᎶᎼᎵᎻᎹᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎹᎬᎮᎰᎶᎵᎺ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳ፧፻፷፷፧ᎻᎶ፧፷፷፧፯᎕ᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎪᎳᎨᎺᎺᎬᎺ፧ᎷᎬᎹ፧ Ꭸ፧ᎺᎪᎯᎶᎶᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎬᎿᎪᎬᎳᎳᎬᎵᎪᎬ፳፧ᎰᎻ፧ᎯᎨᎫ፧ᎪᎶᎵᎻᎹᎰᎩᎼᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ᮦᎯᎬ፧ᎵᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᏀᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎷᎹᎰᎴᎨᎹᎰᎳᏀ፧ᎨᎻ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧፧ ᎾᎬᎬᎲ፧ᎹᎨᎵᎮᎬᎺ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧፹፧ᎻᎶ፧፼፧ᎫᎬᎷᎬᎵᎫᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ ᎻᎹᎨᎰᎵᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎴᎨᎵᏀ፧ᎷᎹᎶᎭᎬᎺᎺᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳᎺ፧ᎾᎯᎶ፧ᎷᎳᎨᏀᎬᎫ፧ᎨᎵ፧ᎨᎪᎻᎰᎽᎬ፧ ᎊᎬᎵᎻᎬᎹ ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻ፰ ᎹᎶᎳᎬ፧ᎨᎩᎹᎶᎨᎫ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎨᎻ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎺᎨᎴᎬ፧ᎻᎰᎴᎬ፧ᎾᎬᎹᎬ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎲᎬᏀ፧ ᎀ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧፺፼፧ᎪᎶᎼᎵᎻᎹᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎹᎬᎮᎰᎶᎵᎺ፧ ᎯᎬ፧ᎭᎶᎳᎳᎶᎾᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎻᎯᎹᎬᎬ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎹᎬ፧ᎴᎨᎵᎫᎨᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ᎷᎳᎨᏀᎬᎹᎺ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎫᎬᎽᎬᎳᎶᎷᎴᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎪᎹᎶᎺᎺ፴ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎨᎳ፧ ᮦ᎗ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎬᎿᎪᎯᎨᎵᎮᎬ፧ᎷᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴᎺ፧ ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎬᎫ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬᎺ፧ᎪᎹᎬᎨᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ ᎬᎿᎪᎯᎨᎵᎮᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎭᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎬᎫᎼᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎰᎵᎺᎻᎰᎻᎼᎻᎰᎶᎵᎺ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧፺፻፧ᎪᎶᎼᎵᎻᎹᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎹᎬᎮᎰᎶᎵᎺ፧ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፵ ᎪᎶᎼᎵᎻᎹᏀ፵፧ᎯᎬ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎪᎨᎵ፧ᎬᎽᎬᎵ፧ᎻᎹᎨᎪᎬ፧ᎩᎨᎪᎲ፧ᎰᎻᎺ፧ ፯ᎨᎺ፧ᎶᎭ፧᎔ᎨᏀ፧፸፳፧፹፷፸፷፰ ፴ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧፶፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎊᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ ᎹᎶᎶᎻᎺ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎈᎵᎺᎬᎰ ᎌᎹᎨᙝᎺ፧ᙠᎉᎨᎵᎺᎯᎶᎪᎯᎶᎺᎯᎶᙡ ᎶᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ፴ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎌᎫᎼᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧፯ᎺᎬᎹᎰᎨᎳ፧ ᎩᎹᎨᎵᎪᎯ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎮᎶᎽᎬᎹᎵᎴᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎫᎼᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎌᎫᎶ፧ᎷᎬᎹᎰᎶᎫ፳፧ ᦪ ᎖ᎼᎻᎳᎰᎵᎬ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ ᎳᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬ፰ ᎾᎯᎰᎪᎯ፧ᎫᎬᎨᎳᎻ፧ᎾᎰᎻᎯ፧ᎬᎺᎻᎬᎹᎵ፧ᎳᎬᎨᎹᎵᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎹᎨᎵᎺᎳᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎯᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎰᎺ፧ᎪᎯᎨᎹᎨᎪᎻᎬᎹᎰᏁᎬᎫ፧ᎩᏀ፧ᎰᎵᎻᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧ᎳᎬᎨᎹᎵᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ ፴ ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎨᎹᎨᎻᎰᎽᎬ፧ᎊᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፧፯ᎺᎬᎹᎰᎨᎳ፧ᎳᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬ፰ ᎫᎰᎷᎳᎶᎴᎨᎻᎰᎪ፧ᎫᎶᎪᎼᎴᎬᎵᎻᎺ፵ ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ ᎬᎫᎼᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎺ፧ᎾᎬᎳᎳ፧ᎨᎺ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ ᎴᎼᎳᎻᎰᎳᎰᎵᎮᎼᎨᎳ፧ ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎴᎼᎳᎻᎰᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎬᎵᎽᎰᎹᎶᎵᎴᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎾᎯᎰᎪᎯ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎳᎬᎨᎹᎵ፵፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎻᎨᎲᎬ፧ ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬᎺ፧ᎩᎨᎺᎬᎫ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎳᎬᎽᎬᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎷᎹᎶᎭᎰᎪᎰᎬᎵᎪᏀ፧ᎰᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፵ Ꭹ፰፧᎓ᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬᎺ Ꭲ᎕ᎼᎴᎩᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎪᎳᎨᎺᎺ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎪᎳᎨᎺᎺ፧ᎯᎶᎼᎹᎺᎤ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎯᎰᎺᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎬᎻᏀ፳፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎬᎻᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፧ᎶᎭ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፳፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎬᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፳፧ᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳ፧ᎳᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬ ᎶᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ ᎯᎶᎼᎹᎺ ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎨᎳ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧ᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳ፧ᎳᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎴᎶᎫᎬᎹᎵ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧᎔ᎼᎳᎻᎰᎳᎰᎵᎮᎼᎨᎳ፧ᎺᎶᎪᎰᎬᎻᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧ ᎍᎨᎳᎳ፧ ᎷᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ ᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳ፧ᎳᎬᎪᎻᎼᎹᎬ፧ᎶᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎶᎻᎯᎬᎹᎺ፵፧ ᎊᎳᎨᎺᎺ፧ᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ ᎬᎴᎬᎺᎻᎬᎹ ᎬᎴᎬᎺᎻᎬᎹ ᎶᎻᎨᎳ ᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎴᎬᎫᎰᎨᎻᎬ፧ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧ Ꭺ፰፧ᎍᎰᎬᎳᎫ፧ᎻᎹᎰᎷ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ፸፼፷ ፸፼፷ ፺፷፷ ᎈ፧ᎭᎰᎬᎳᎫ፧ᎻᎹᎰᎷ፧ᎾᎰᎳᎳ፧ᎩᎬ፧ᎶᎹᎮᎨᎵᎰᏁᎬᎫ፵፧ ᎎᎹᎨᎴᎴᎨᎹ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ Ꭻ፰፧᎖ᎷᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ ᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎴᎬᎫᎰᎨᎻᎬ፧ ᎙ᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬᎁ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧ᎶᎻᎯᎬᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎨᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎴᎨᎵᎫᎨᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧ ፻፷፷ ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፵፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎓ᎰᎺᎻᎬᎵᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎐Ꮅ፧ᎨᎫᎫᎰᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧፺፧᎔ᎨᎵᎫᎨᎻᎶᎹᏀ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፳፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎴᎼᎺᎻ፧ᎻᎨᎲᎬ፧፸፧ᎻᎶ፧፻ ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፧ ᎹᎰᎻᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎨᎳᎰᏁᎬᎫ፧ᎺᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻᎺ፵፧ ᎖ᎹᎨᎳ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎷᎷᎬᎹ፧᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎴᎬᎫᎰᎨᎻᎬ፧ ፼፰፧ᎻᎬᎬᎹᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎴᎰᎻᎻᎬᎬ ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ ፸፼፷ ፸፼፷ ፺፷፷ Ꭸ፰፧ᎬᎪᎯᎵᎰᎪᎨᎳ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ፧ᎊᎶᎴᎴᎰᎻᎻᎬᎬ፧᎔ᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹᎺ፧፧ ᎎᎹᎨᎴᎴᎨᎹ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎕ᎈ᎒ᎈ᎔᎙ᎈ፧ᎈᎲᎰᎹᎨ፳፧ᎈᎺᎺᎶᎪᎰᎨᎻᎬ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎭᎬᎺᎺᎶᎹ ᎷᎷᎬᎹ፧ ᎨᎵᎫ ፺፧ᎶᎻᎯᎬᎹ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎴᎰᎻᎻᎬᎬ፧ᎴᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹᎺ ᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎴᎬᎫᎰᎨᎻᎬ፧ ᎙ᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ Ꭹ፰፧ᎈᎫᎽᎰᎺᎶᎹᏀ፧ᏀᎺᎻᎬᎴ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧ ᎓ᎰᎺᎻᎬᎵᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፼፷፷ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎾᎰᎳᎳ፧ᎹᎬᎪᎬᎰᎽᎬ፧ᎰᎵᎫᎰᎽᎰᎫᎼᎨᎳ፧ᎺᎼᎷᎬᎹᎽᎰᎺᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎭᎹᎶᎴ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ᎊᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎈᎫᎽᎰᎺᎶᎹᎺ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ ᎹᎰᎻᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎼᎩᎱᎬᎪᎻ፧ᎈᎫᎽᎰᎺᎶᎹᎺ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፴ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎹᎬᎷᎶᎹᎻ፵፧ᎼᎻᎶᎹ፧ᎺᏀᎺᎻᎬᎴ፧ᎰᎺ፧ᎨᎳᎺᎶ፧ᎨᎽᎨᎰᎳᎨᎩᎳᎬ፵፧ ᎖ᎹᎨᎳ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፰፧ᎌᎽᎬᎵᎻᎺ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧᎗ᎹᎶᎮᎹᎨᎴ ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧፸፧ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧ ᎋᎬᎪᎬᎴᎩᎬᎹ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፧ᎊᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎬ፧ᎌᎿᎪᎯᎨᎵᎮᎬ፧ᎌᎽᎬᎵᎻ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎀ፷ ᎀ፷ ፸፷ ፯᎐ᎮᎶ፶ᎯᎶᎮᎰ፳፧᎐ᎲᎬᎩᎨᎵᎨ፳፧᎒ᎰᎴᎶᎵᎶ፳፧ᎬᎨ፧ᎪᎬᎹᎬᎴᎶᎵᏀ፳፧ᎬᎻᎪ፵፰ ᎎᎹᎨᎴᎴᎨᎹ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎍᎬᎩᎹᎼᎨᎹᏀ ᎍᎰᎬᎳᎫ፧ᎻᎹᎰᎷ ᎙ᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፯᎗ᎨᎺᎻ፧ᎻᎹᎰᎷᎺᎁ፧᎐ᎲᎬᎩᎨᎵᎨ፧ᎨᎻ፧᎐ᎲᎬᎵᎶᎩᎶ ᎖ᎪᎯᎨᎵᎶᎴᎰᏁᎼ ᎐ᎵᎺᎻᎰᎻᎼᎻᎬ፳፧ᎰᎺᎰᎻ፧ ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧፸ ᎎᎯᎰᎩᎳᎰ ᎔ᎼᎺᎬᎼᎴ፰ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎓ᎰᎺᎻᎬᎵᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፷፷ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧ ᎑ᎼᎳᏀ ᎖ᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎷᎹᎬᎺᎬᎵᎻᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎹᎰᎻᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎖ᎹᎨᎳ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፰፧᎙ᎬᎸᎼᎰᎹᎬᎴᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎰᎺᎺᎼᎨᎵᎪᎬ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎪᎬᎹᎻᎰᎭᎰᎪᎨᎻᎬ ᎊᎼᎹᎹᎬᎵᎻ፧ ᎐Ꮅ፧ᎨᎫᎫᎰᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎵᎮ፧ᎨᎳᎳ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎹᎬᎸᎼᎰᎹᎬᎴᎬᎵᎻᎺ፳፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎴᎼᎺᎻ፧ᎾᎹᎰᎻᎬ፧ ᎬᎽᎬᎵᎻᎺ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ Ꭸ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፴ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ፧ᎷᎨᎷᎬᎹ፧ᎶᎹ፧ᎬᎺᎺᎨᏀ፳፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎴᎨᎲᎬ፧ᎨᎵ፧ᎶᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎷᎹᎬᎺᎬᎵᎻᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎶᎭ፧ ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧፹፧ᎊᎶᎴᎷᎹᎬᎯᎬᎵᎺᎰᎽᎬ፧ ᎰᎻᎺ፧ᎪᎶᎵᎻᎬᎵᎻ፵፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎾᎯᎶ፧ᎯᎨᎽᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎬᎫ፧ᎨᎳᎳ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎹᎬᎸᎼᎰᎹᎬᎴᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎾᎰᎳᎳ፧ᎹᎬᎪᎬᎰᎽᎬ፧Ꭸ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ፷ ፷ ፸፹፷ ᎪᎶᎼᎹᎺᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎴᎷᎳᎬᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎪᎬᎹᎻᎰᎭᎰᎪᎨᎻᎬ፵፧ ᎎᎹᎨᎴᎴᎨᎹ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፰፧ᎵᎰᎻ፧ᎪᎬᎹᎻᎰᎭᎰᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎻ፧ᎻᎹᎨᎵᎺᎭᎬᎹᎨᎩᎰᎳᎰᎻᏀ፧ ᎙ᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧፹ ᎵᎰᎻ፧ᎪᎬᎹᎻᎰᎭᎰᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎻᎹᎨᎵᎺᎭᎬᎹᎺ፧ᎨᎹᎬ፧ᎫᎬᎻᎬᎹᎴᎰᎵᎬᎫ፧ᎩᏀ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎾᎯᎰᎪᎯ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎓ᎰᎺᎻᎬᎵᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎨᎹᎬ፧ᎬᎵᎹᎶᎳᎳᎬᎫ፧ᎰᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎰᎹ፧ᎯᎶᎴᎬ፧ᎪᎶᎼᎵᎻᎹᎰᎬᎺ፵ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧ ፷፷ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎹᎰᎻᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎀ፰፧᎘ᎼᎨᎳᎰᎭᎰᎪᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎪᎶᎵᎫᎰᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎷᎨᎹᎻᎰᎪᎰᎷᎨᎵᎻᎺ፧ ᎖ᎹᎨᎳ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፴ᎯᎶᎺᎬ፧ᎾᎯᎶ፧ᎯᎨᎽᎬ፧ᎺᎼᎭᎭᎰᎪᎰᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎷᎹᎶᎭᎰᎪᎰᎬᎵᎪᏀ፧ᎰᎵ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᏀ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎫᎶ፧ ᎊᎼᎹᎹᎬᎵᎻ፧ ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎨᎹᎪᎯ፵፧ ᎬᎽᎬᎵᎻᎺ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ፴ ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎾᎯᎶ፧ᎯᎨᎽᎬ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎫᎬᎺᎰᎹᎬ፧ᎨᎵᎫ፧ᎨᎩᎰᎳᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎾᎹᎰᎻᎬ፧ᎨᎵ፧ᎶᎹᎰᎮᎰᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎷᎨᎷᎬᎹ፧ᎨᎩᎶᎼᎻ፧፧ ᎙ᎬᎨᎫᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፳፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎳᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎶᎹ፧᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፵ ᎋᎹᎨᎴᎨ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎏᎰᎮᎯᎳᏀ፧ ᎹᎰᎻᎰᎵᎮ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎈᎫᎽᎨᎵᎪᎬᎫ፧ ᎲᎰᎳᎳ፴ᎺᎷᎬᎪᎰᎭᎰᎪ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ ᎊᎼᎹᎹᎬᎵᎻ፧ ፷፷ ᎬᎽᎬᎵᎻᎺ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎓ᎰᎻᎬᎹᎨᎻᎼᎹᎬ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᎉᎼᎺᎰᎵᎬᎺᎺ ፺፷ ፺፷ ፷ ᦪᎋᎶᎹᎴᎰᎻᎶᎹᎰᎬᎺ ᎈᎳᎻᎯᎶᎼᎮᎯ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ᎼᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎯᎨᎺ፧᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎏᎨᎳᎳᎺ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧ ᎰᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎶᎵ፧ᎪᎨᎴᎷᎼᎺ፳፧ᎰᎻ፧ᎫᎶᎬᎺ፧ᎵᎶᎻ፧ᎵᎬᎪᎬᎺᎺᎨᎹᎰᎳᏀ፧ ᎴᎬᎨᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎨᎻ፧ᎬᎽᎬᎹᏀᎶᎵᎬ፧ᎪᎨᎵ፧ᎩᎬ፧ᎯᎶᎼᎺᎬᎫ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎹᎬ፵፧᎖Ꮅ፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ᎶᎪᎪᎨᎺᎰᎶᎵ፧ᎻᎯᎨᎻ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧ᎪᎨᎵᎵᎶᎻ፧ᎮᎬᎻ፧ᎨᎪᎪᎶᎴᎴᎶᎫᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፳፧ᎻᎯᎬ፧ ፹፷፷ᎀ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎺᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎬᎹᎽᎰᎪᎬ፧᎖ᎹᎮᎨᎵᎰᏁᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፧፯᎑ᎈ᎖፰፧ᎪᎨᎵ፧ ᎰᎵᎻᎹᎶᎫᎼᎪᎬ፧ᎻᎯᎬᎴ፧ᎻᎶ፧ᎶᎻᎯᎬᎹ፧ᎨᎳᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎽᎬ፧ᎨᎪᎪᎶᎴᎴᎶᎫᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ፵ Accommodation history 2010/2011 International Halls at TUFS 9 International Halls off campus(JASSO) 15 2009/2010 International Halls at TUFS 19 International Halls off campus (JASSO) 4 Private apartment 1 2008/2009 International Halls at TUFS 19 International Halls off campus (JASSO) 5 ᎗ᎹᎬᎺᎬᎵᎻᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵ ᦪᎍᎶᎹ፧ᎰᎵᎸᎼᎰᎹᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎪᎶᎵᎻᎨᎪᎻᎁ ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻ፧ᎌᎿᎪᎯᎨᎵᎮᎬ፧ᎋᎰᎽᎰᎺᎰᎶᎵ ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ ᎈᎺᎨᎯᎰ፴ᎪᎯᎶ፧፺፴፸፸፴፸፧ᎍᎼᎪᎯᎼ፴ᎺᎯᎰ፧ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፳፧፸፺፴፼፺፻ ᎬᎳᎁ፧፲፸፴፻፹፴፺፺፷፴፼፸፻ ᎍᎨᎿᎁ፧፲፸፴፻፹፴፺፺፷፴፼፸ᎀ ᎌ፴ᎴᎨᎰᎳᎁ፧ᎹᏀᎼᎮᎨᎲᎼᎺᎬᎰᎲᎨᎇᎻᎼᎭᎺ፵ᎨᎪ፵ᎱᎷ ᎶᎲᏀᎶ፧ᎵᎰᎽᎬᎹᎺᎰᎻᏀ፧ᎶᎭ፧ᎍᎶᎹᎬᎰᎮᎵ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎰᎬᎺ፧ᎏᎶᎴᎬᎷᎨᎮᎬ ᎯᎻᎻᎷᎁ፶፶ᎾᎾᎾ፵ᎻᎼᎭᎺ፵ᎨᎪ፵ᎱᎷ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧᎓ᎨᎵᎮᎼᎨᎮᎬ፧ᎊᎬᎵᎻᎬᎹ፧ᎭᎶᎹ፧᎐ᎵᎻᎬᎹᎵᎨᎻᎰᎶᎵᎨᎳ፧ᎻᎼᎫᎬᎵᎻᎺ፧፧፧፧ ᎏᎶᎴᎬᎷᎨᎮᎬ ᎑ᎨᎷᎨᎵᎬᎺᎬ፧ᎪᎼᎳᎻᎼᎹᎨᎳ፧ᎬᎿᎷᎬᎹᎰᎬᎵᎪᎬ፧ ᎯᎻᎻᎷᎁ፶፶ᎾᎾᎾ፵ᎻᎼᎭᎺ፵ᎨᎪ፵ᎱᎷ፶ᎪᎶᎴᎴᎶᎵ፶ᎱᎳᎪ Tokyo Gakugei University(Tokyo) There are a number of subjects available for Japanese Studies Students (Nikkensei) at Tokyo Gakugei University (TGU). These include courses designed for international students, as well as other specialized subjects ranging from education, humanities, social science, natural science, arts, and physical education. Students will also be able to learn Japanese society and culture through various off-campus activities such as visiting affiliated schools and attending cultural events. ṫ University Overview (3) International Exchanges (as of May 1, 2010): ṳ Outline of the Program Number of Institutions with exchange agreement: 56 (1) Japanese Language (1) Characteristics and History Number of International Students: 397 (including 20 Japanese Studies Students) Improve Japanese language ability, students are TGU is located in Koganei-shi, 30 minutes by train Number of regular students studying at sister universities abroad: 39 expected to attend Japanese language classes. from Shinjuku. Although the university is in Tokyo, it (2) Japanese Culture/Society has an environment of lush greenery. (4) Resident number of Japanese Studies Students in the previous 3 For deeper understanding of Japan, students must TGU is a university of education established in years complete a certain number of courses titled “Japanese 1949 unifying four normal schools. It has produced 2008 October Culture and Society” and other coursed conducted able educators nationwide. (Hitotsubashi University International Student House 13students, primarily in Japanese. In 1988, in addition to the teacher training courses a International House 1student) (3) Specialized Subject new Liberal Art Course was added in an attempt to 2009 October Students with highly advanced Japanese language educate a wider range of students who wish to (Higashi-kurume International Student Dormitory 19students) skills are allowed to take university’s regular contribute to society outside the field of education. 2010 October undergraduate classes of which contents are focused In 1996, the united graduate school of education (Higashi-kurume International Student Dormitory 10students) on Japanese cultural and social matters. (Doctoral Course) was started to produce researchers (4) Cultural Exchange centering on school education. ṫIntroduction of the Program Students are expected to participate in various International Student Exchange Center was cultural exchange activities at TGU and events of established in 1998 to offer Japanese language and ṳ Number of Students to be Accepted: local communities. For the purpose, TGU organizes culture/society education including preparatory many events, such as cultural exchange programs at language program, guidance on both daily and About 25 affiliated primary schools of TGU and workshops of academic life in Japan, as well as Japan Studies ṳ traditional performing arts of Japan. Program and Teacher Training program. Period From October 1, 2011 to August 31, 2012 (5) Individual Research paper 1st Semester October 1 – March 31 By the time of completing the program, the students (2) Faculty, Number of Teaching Staff and Students write a report of their individual study at TGU with Enrolled (as of May 1, 2010): 2nd Semester April 1 – August 31 Faculty: Faculty of Education the guidance of their academic adviser. Number of Full-time Teaching Staff: 335 Number of Students Enrolled: 5,927 (5,019 undergraduates, 908 graduates) February: ṫ ṳ Contents Surroundings of the University End of the autumn term 1.Japanese Language Koganei-shi was founded in 1958 as the tenth city in 2. Japanese culture/society April: 3. Specialized Subject Commencement of spring term Tokyo. 4. Individual Study May: The city is located at 25 kilometer’ distance from the 5. Cultural Exchange Workshop of traditional culture of Japan center of Tokyo with a population of 100,000. June: ˭ Certificate of Completion and Academic Records Koganei-shi is a beautiful, comfortable city to live in. Bus trip When completing all requirements for the program is July: approved, students will receive a certificate of the Excursion to factories ṫ Contact Office program completion signed by the university president. August: International Students Unit ADDRESS: ṳ Submission of final report, Closing ceremony Qualifications of applicants International Affairs Office, The applicants are expected to be capable of passing ṫ Tokyo Gakugei University Accommodations 4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo Japanese Language Proficiently Test, N 2 or higher. 184-8501 JAPAN TGU assigns rooms to new students and all of them are the single ṳ Course Credit Compatibility rooms. The students with family need to arrange the accommodation PHONE: +81-42-329-7763 TGU does not provide credit transfer. But, for those themselves. FAX: +81-42-329-7765 classes completed in the course period, TGU may issue ṯ Number of rooms: E-mail: [email protected] certificates that shows the subjects, attended hours and International House (48 Single rooms) HOME PAGE ADDRESS: marks of the classes. Higashi-kurume International Student Dormitory (50 Single rooms) http://www.u-gakugei.ac.jp/~gisec/#SlideFrame_1 Hitotsubashi University International Student House (72 Single rooms for TGU) ṳ Examples of events * Dorms are all nice environmental locations. October: ṯ Housing Fee, Facilities, Commuting time Commencement of autumn term International House: ¥5,900 (about 10 minutes) November: Higashi-kurume International Student Dormitory: ¥4,700 (about 1 Bus trip, hour) cultural exchange at the affiliated primary school Hitotsubashi University International Student House: ¥5,900(about 30 December: minutes) Bunraku puppet theater * Any utility costs are not included above. Rakugo comic story telling ṯ Housing equipments January: Bed, Desk, Chair, etc. Visiting Japanese families cultural exchange at the affiliated primary school ṳ Admission to university dormitories October 2008: Hitotsubashi Univ. International Student House (13 Students) International House (1 student) October 2009: Higashikurume International Dormitory (19 students) October 2010: Higashikurume International Dormitory (10 students) OCHANOMIZU UNIVERSITY(TOKYO) ᠊᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠈᠁ូ᠐᠐᠅᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠉᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៳᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ᠁᠔᠐᠑᠅᠑᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ṫ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៎ៅូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ ᴏ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁᠏ ោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅូ ⁹២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៍៊ូូ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៍ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៍៏៑ូ᠕᠁᠏ូ᠃᠋ៈូ᠅᠊ូ៍។៓៑ៈូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ៨᠅᠂᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠑᠈ូ ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ ៎៊ូូ៱᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠋᠉᠉᠅᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠈᠂᠅᠈᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠑᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏ូ᠊ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠏᠉᠈᠈៉᠏᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠓᠁ូ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠈᠈᠁᠐᠑᠈ ⁹៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៖ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠊ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠂᠋᠐᠈᠁ូ᠐᠉᠋᠏᠌᠄᠁᠁ូ ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠈᠈ូ᠓᠋᠉᠁᠊ៈ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ៩᠁᠉᠁᠏៖ូ៎៏៍ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ ᠁᠃᠀᠈᠁᠏᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠃᠁ូ᠋ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠋᠐᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠌᠁᠌᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏៊ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠀᠅᠃᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠃᠄᠐᠏ៈូ᠂᠁᠁᠈᠕ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ៎ៈ៍័៎ូោំ៍៌៏ៅ ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠋᠏᠐᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ ៖ូ៍ៈ៌៏៎ូោំ៍៑។ៅ ៏៊ូូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠋ូ᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠈᠈᠁᠐᠑᠈ូ ំ៥᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠀ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠌᠌᠁᠐᠅᠐᠁᠏៊ ᴏ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ ៝᠏ូូ᠌᠅᠋᠊᠁᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠓᠋᠉᠁᠊᠏ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠉᠏᠏᠕៖ូ។ ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ២៵៎៌៌។៖ូ។ ᬌ៳᠁ូ᠉᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠁᠌᠐ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ូ ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌ូ᠓᠋᠉᠁᠊ូ᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠌᠅᠊᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠀᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ២៵៎៌៌៕៖ូ។ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠋᠉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៖ូ។ ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ ២៵៎៌៍៌៖ូ៓ ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠃᠁៊ ᴐ ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ ᠊᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠈᠁ូ᠐᠐᠅᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ ៏ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠉᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ ោ᠑᠊᠇᠕᠋ូ៳᠀ូ᠑᠊᠇᠕᠋៉᠇᠑ៅ ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠑᠊᠇᠕᠋៉᠇᠑ ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠅᠀᠀᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᴑ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ ᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៎៏ូ᠓᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ ៊ ៳᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠋᠅᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈ ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠄᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏ៈូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៊ូូ᠑᠊᠇᠕᠋៉ ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ូ៰᠋ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠁ូ ᠇᠑ ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠉᠂᠋᠐᠈᠁ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠀᠋ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូូ᠏᠁᠌᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠉ូ ᠐᠁᠃᠋᠅᠖᠁᠀ូូូ᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូោ᠅᠇᠇᠁᠊᠏᠁᠅ៅ ᠐᠉᠋᠏᠌᠄᠁᠁៊ូ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូូ ᴐ៝᠐᠑᠈ូ៝᠄᠅᠁᠒᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៈូ៎្៍ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐ូ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ។ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠁ូ ᠓᠊᠐៊ ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠐᠊᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ័៍ ៍ៅូ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᴔ ៥᠏᠏᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ⁹៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូោ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៅ៖ូᮐ៝ៈᮐ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠕᠁᠈᠕ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠊ូ᠋᠐᠅᠊ូ ℎៈᮑℍៈᮑℎៈᮒℍᮒℎ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁៊ ⁹៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូោ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៅ៖ូᮓℍᮓℎ ᮔℍᮔℎោ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠒᠁᠈᠈ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ ᴕ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៅ ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ ⁹៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ᮐℍ⅊ᮔℎោ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠒᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠔᠉᠏ូោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠏᠏᠕᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠁᠐ៅ ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ៅ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏៊ ṫ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ᠊᠁ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូូូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠇᠇᠁᠊᠏᠁᠅ ᠅᠏ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀៊ូ ៳᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠏᠅ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ៥᠐᠏᠄᠅៉᠇᠑ៈូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ ᠋᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូ᠁᠅᠊᠂᠋᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠁᠐᠁ៈូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ ៎ៅ᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ᠏᠐᠋᠅᠁᠏ូោ᠌᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ៅ ៝᠏ូូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠑᠈᠁ៈូ᠅᠇᠇᠁᠊᠏᠁᠅ ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ៩᠁᠈᠏៖ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ ᠁᠊᠐៖ូ័ៈ៓៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠌᠁ូ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូោ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៩᠄ៅូៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ ᠑᠈᠅ូ᠑᠐᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠃᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈᠈᠕ូ៕ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠉᠆᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូោ᠂᠋᠉ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ៅ៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠊ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠄᠁᠁៊ ៏ៅូ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠅᠊᠈ូ᠌᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠋᠊᠏᠐᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ២៵៎៌៌។៖ូ។ ᠉᠏᠐᠁᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ូ ២៵៎៌៌៕៖ូ។ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ ២៵៎៌៍៌៖ូ៓ ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ ោ᠋᠐᠁ៅូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠑᠏᠁៊ូ២᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᴒ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏៊ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៣᠈᠋᠈ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៵៝៱៧ូ៝៝៧៥ ᠋᠊᠐᠐៖ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៰៩៥៵ូ៧៝៣៝៩៥ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៤៥ូ៩៥៵៝៩៝ ᠄᠊᠋᠉᠅᠖᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠄᠋᠊᠁ូូូះ។៍ូ៏ូ៑៕៓។ូ៑៍័៏ ᴓ ៰᠅᠌᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ២᠔ូូូូូូូះ។៍ូ៏ូ៑៕៓។ូ៑៕៑៍ ៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៰᠅᠌᠏ៈូ៧៝៱៧៥ូោូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠁៉᠉᠅᠈ូូូ᠕᠑᠃᠅ៜ៊᠋᠄៊៊᠆᠌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠐᠁ៅូ᠊᠀ូ៤០ូ᠈᠏᠏ូោ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠓᠁᠏᠅᠐᠁᠏ ᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠀᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠐᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ ⁹៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៖ូ ᠑᠏᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠀᠅ូ᠅᠊᠇ៅូ᠁ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠋᠄៊៊᠆᠌់ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏៖ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠋᠄៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠐᠈់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ⁹៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ៖ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠆᠏᠈៉᠏᠁᠒᠁៊᠈᠅៊᠋᠄៊៊᠆᠌់᠉᠋᠇᠑᠆᠅៊᠄᠐᠉ ៤៥៰៰៱៝៤៥ូ៱៥៲១៥៰៵៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ ṳ ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៍ៅូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠁᠔᠐᠋᠋᠇᠏ូ᠋᠅᠃᠅᠊᠈᠈᠕ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ ᠆᠋᠅᠊ូ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏ូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ៎ៅូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠒᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠆᠋᠅᠊ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠃᠋᠑᠌᠏ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៝᠈᠑᠉᠊᠅៊ ṫ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ṫ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ ៍ៅូ៰᠄᠁ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ៍ៅូ១᠊᠋᠈᠈᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠍᠑᠋᠐៖ូ៍៌ ៤᠅᠐᠋᠐᠏᠑᠏᠄᠅ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠀᠁᠏᠐ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ ៑ៅូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ៎ៅូ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៖ូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ៍៏៌ូ᠕᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠐ូ᠄᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠁᠀ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠀᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ ៏ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠕ូ᠌᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠔᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠅᠊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠊᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠋᠐᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁៊ូ៝᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠅᠄᠋᠊᠃᠋៉᠅᠄᠋᠊᠑᠊᠇ ៧᠁᠊᠏᠄᠑᠏᠁᠅ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ំូោ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ៅ ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠃᠀᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠂᠋᠁᠏᠐៉᠈᠅᠇᠁ូ ោ៎ៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ំំូោ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ៅូ ᠁᠋᠀᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ᠏᠁᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠉᠊᠁᠏᠍᠑᠁ូ᠄᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊᠏᠌᠅᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ ោ៏ៅូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏់ូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ំំូ ្ៅូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠐᠉᠋᠏᠌᠄᠁᠁៊ ោ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ៅ ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ ោ័ៅូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ំំ ៎ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ោ᠋᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ៅ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ្៑៎ូោ᠂᠋᠉ូ៑័ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅូ ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠅᠁᠀៊ូ០᠋᠑᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ំូូ៝ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ៖ូ៍៌ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠊᠀៊ ំំ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ៏ៅូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠐᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ៓ៅូ᠐᠄᠁់᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ ៘៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៚ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូូ៏ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ ᠅᠊ូ ៳᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ៏᠀ ៉ ᠊᠀ូ័᠐᠄៉ ᠕᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠁᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ ៍ៈ៏៍៏ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁៊ ᠀᠋᠑᠈᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ ៍ៈ៎័៓ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៨᠓ ៓៕៍ ័ៅូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠐ូ᠊ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ ៍ៈ៌។៎ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏ូូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ោ៰᠋᠐᠈ៅ ័ៈ័៏៏ ២᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠌᠌᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៣᠈᠋᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠏᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៘៣᠀᠑᠐᠁៚ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠑᠏᠁᠂᠑᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូូ᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠁᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ ៏៌៎ ᠓᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ ៎៓៎ ᠋᠂ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៨᠓ ៏៌៎ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ ័៑៏ ៤᠅᠐᠋᠐᠏᠑᠏᠄᠅៊ូូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ៎៑៌ ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ ។ៅូ០᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠅᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠌᠋᠐᠁ូ᠐᠐᠁᠃᠕ ៏៍៕ ᠁ូ᠈᠈᠋᠓᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠅ូ᠋᠈᠅᠕ ៍៏័ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ោ៰᠋᠐᠈ៅ ៎ៈ៌៏៎ ៰᠄᠁ូ០᠅᠁᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៣᠈᠋᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠃᠁ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊ ័ៅូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៊ ៧᠑᠊᠅᠐᠄᠅ ᠅᠏ូូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠈᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠂ូ១᠑᠋᠌᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ៤᠅᠐᠋᠐᠏᠑᠏᠄᠅ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ៰᠈᠁៍៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ ៰᠈᠁៎៊ូ១᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠏᠄᠁᠀᠑᠈᠁ូ ូ ោូ៝᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ៎ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁᠀ៈូំ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូៅូ ោូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠆᠋᠅᠊ូ។ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅូ ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠐᠁᠃᠋᠕ូ ១᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ូ ។៖៑៌៉៍៌៖៎៌ូ ៍៌៖៏៑៉៍៎៖៌៑ូ ៍៎៖៑៑៉៍័៖៎៑ូ ៍័៖័៌៉៍្៖៍៌ូ ៍្៖៎៑៉៍៓៖៑៑ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ២᠏᠐ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ៩᠋᠊ូ ំ᠅᠄᠋᠊᠃᠋៉᠅᠄᠋᠊᠑᠊᠇ូ ូ ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ ូ ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠏᠁᠏᠁៖ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ ៧᠁᠊᠏᠄᠑᠏᠁᠅ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ ៍ូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃៍ៈូ៎ៈូ ូ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠏᠁᠏᠁៖ូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ៏ូ ៰᠑᠁ូ ូ ូ ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ ូូ ូូ ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁᠏ៈូ ᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ ᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠈᠕ូ ៳᠁᠀ូ ូ ូ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ១ូ᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ូ ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ២᠏᠐ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ៏ូ ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ៦᠌᠊᠏᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៏ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ ៰᠄᠑ូ ូ ូ ូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ូ ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ ២᠅ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ᠋᠅᠈ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ṫ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏ូ ំ᠅᠄᠋᠊᠃᠋៉᠊᠅᠄᠋᠊᠑᠊᠇ូ៧᠁᠊᠏᠄᠑᠏᠁᠅ូ ៕ៅូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ៈូ៤᠅᠐᠋᠐᠏᠑᠏᠄᠅ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ៈូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូូ᠄᠋᠏᠐ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៧᠑᠊᠅᠐᠄᠅ ូ ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូូ᠂᠁᠓ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូូ᠉᠋᠑᠐᠄៊ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូូូូូ៎៉៍ូ᠇ូ៧᠑᠊᠅᠐᠄᠅ៈូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៈូ៦៝៝ូូ៍។្៉។្៌៍ ោ៎ៅូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ៰᠁᠈៖ូូូូូូូូូូ។៍៉័៎៉៑។៌៉។៍្៎ូ ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ ២᠔ូ៖ ។៍៉័៎៉៑។៌៉។៍្៓ូ ូ ᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូូូូូូូ᠅᠊᠐៉᠃᠏៊᠃៏ៜ᠀៊᠄᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ូ ូ ោ៏ៅូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠔᠑᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ៤᠋᠉᠁᠌᠃᠁៖ូូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠄᠅᠐៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៉᠁៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៊ូ ូ ោ័ៅូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠄᠋᠈᠅᠀᠕᠏៊ូោ៥᠊ូ៎៌៍៌ៈូ៏ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠌᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៏ូ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠋᠇᠌᠈᠁᠏៊ៅូ ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ោ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៅ ṳ ៍៊ូ᠉᠈᠈៉᠈᠏᠏ូ᠅᠖᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠏᠅ូ᠐᠋ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូូ ៎៊ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ៏៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ូោ᠁᠔᠁᠌᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៅូ ៝᠊ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៖ ៰᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ូូ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៍៏ៈូ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁᠏៊ ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠌᠁᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠈᠕ូ᠊ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠕៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ ៰᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៍ៈូ៎ៈូ៏៖ូ ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠈᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀៊ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃៊ ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៩᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ᠏᠅᠔᠐᠕ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠑ូ ៍៊៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ᠐᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ៗូ៏ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៍ៈ៕្៏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠁᠊᠑᠁᠀ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ៰᠇៖ ᠐᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៑៌៑ូ᠅᠏ូ᠉᠀᠁ូ᠑᠌ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៎៌ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ ᠏᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍ៈូ៩៍ៈូ៎ៈូ៩៎ូ ᠐᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠑᠁ូ᠐᠁᠔᠐ូ᠊᠀ ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូូ᠄᠋᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ។ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ២᠑᠊᠀᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ័៌៌ ᠐᠃᠁᠐ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠐᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ ៎៓ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៍៌ូ ᠑᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠇᠊᠆᠅៊ូូ ៎៊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉᠏ ᠀᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៎៏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏៊ូ៩᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏ៈូ័ូ ោ៍ៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ ᠁᠔᠁᠌᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ ៣᠉᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ។៌៌ូ᠑᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠇᠊᠆᠅ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ោ៝ៅូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ ៝᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ូ៝᠐ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐ូ៕៌៕ូ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៖ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎ៈូ៏ូ ៝ ᠐ូ៤ ᠅᠏᠐᠋ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐ូ ᠁᠓᠏᠌᠌᠁ូ᠐᠅᠈᠁᠏ៈូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠕ូ᠓᠋᠇᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃᠏ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠐ៈូ᠑᠒᠁᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠕ ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠌᠋᠔᠅᠉᠐᠁᠈᠕ូ៎៌៌ូ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ ោ៎ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៰᠇៖ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠐ូ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠃᠋ូ᠋᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕ូ᠕᠁៊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូូ ៝᠐ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ៍᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ៰᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠐ូ ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៈូ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠄᠈᠂ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ ᠊᠀ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៝᠐ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ៍᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠒᠅᠊᠐ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠋᠈᠀៊ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏៖ ោ៏ៅូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠌᠁᠇᠁᠏ូ᠐᠇៖ ៨ ᠅᠐᠁ ᠐᠑᠁ ៍៊ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៝᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ូូ᠈᠅᠉᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃៖ូ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠑᠒᠁᠕ូ ៎៊ូ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐ូ᠋᠌᠄᠅៖ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁៉៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ ២᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠌᠋᠏᠏᠁᠏᠏ូ᠊᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠈᠑᠁᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠋᠇᠁᠊ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁៖ូ᠉᠅᠀៉᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ូ៑៌៌ូ᠇᠊᠆᠅ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៊ ᠅᠊᠁᠉ៈូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ២᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូោ៝᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៎៌៍៍ៅ៖ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁៉៦᠊᠑᠕ ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៖ូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៰᠄᠁᠐᠁ៈូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូោ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ៎៌៍៎ៅ៖ូ៝᠌᠅᠈៉៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ᠃᠉᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ ᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏៊ ᠏ ᠐ ᠊ ᠁ ᠉ ᠁ ᠅ ᠑ ᠍ ᠁ ៖ ៖ ៖ ᠊ ᠊ ូ ᠁ ᠋ ᠋ ᠅ ᠊ ᠏ ᠐ ᠅ ᠋ ᠂ ᠅ ᠂ ᠁ ᠐ ᠀ ᠋ ូ ូ ᠅ ᠐ ᠐ ᠉ ᠈ ᠌ ᠉ ᠌ ᠐ ᠐ ᠋ ᠊ ᠊ ៝ ូ ᠋ ᠋ ៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠌᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠌᠁᠂᠋᠉᠊᠁ូ᠋᠊ូូ ᠌᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐៊ូូូ ៑ ᠁᠓ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠁ូូ᠕᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ ᠋᠊៉᠊᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូូ ᠉᠅᠊᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ៰១២៨ូ᠏᠋᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៓៕ូ᠋᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠐ូ ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐៊ ៝ ០᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠁᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ៦៝ៅ៊ ᠋᠂៊ូ៦᠋᠄᠊ូ៰᠋᠇᠖ ᠄᠅ៈូ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូះ។៍៉៏៉៏៎៏។៉័៌៏៍ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉៏៉៏៎៏។៉័៌៓្ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠂᠈៊᠏᠋᠌᠄᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ៨᠅᠅᠏᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠑᠁᠑ូ᠋᠂ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ᠋᠌᠄᠅ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ៵᠋᠐᠏᠑᠕ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៈូ៓៉៍ូ៧᠅᠋᠅៉᠄᠋ៈូ᠄᠅᠕᠋᠀៉᠇᠑ៈូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ ៍៌៎៉។៑៑័ូូ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូះ។៍៉៏៉៏៎៏។៉៏៑៎៍ូូូ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉៏៉៏៎៏។៉៏៑៑័ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ៜ᠈៊᠏᠋᠌᠄᠅៊៊᠆᠌ ᠏ ᠁ ᠏ ᠑ ᠋ ូ ᠂ ᠋ ᠏ ូ ᠁ ᠐ ᠏ ᠊ ᠁ ᠑ ᠐ ᠋ ᠊ ᠋ ូ ᠂ ូ ᠋ ូ ᠀ ᠄ ᠊ ᠐ ូ ᠃ ᠊ ᠉ ᠅ ᠁ ៨ ៝ ូ ូ ៊ ៊ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៎ូ᠊᠀ូ៏៊ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ូ១᠔᠁᠌᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ២᠅᠒᠁ូ៕៌៉᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ២᠋᠑ូ៕៌៉᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ៰᠓᠋ូ៕៌៉᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ២᠅᠂᠐᠁᠁᠊ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូូ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠅᠁᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠖᠁᠏ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠅᠈ូ៣᠉᠉ៈូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៝᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ០᠅᠏᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៝᠊᠈᠕᠏᠅᠏ៈូ៰᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ ᠅᠊ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠃᠅᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ំ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៊ ោៅូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ូ ៏ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ំៈូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠐᠓᠅᠁ូូ ᠓᠁᠁᠇៊ូូ᠊᠁ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐ℿ ᠋᠂ូ៍៑ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏៊ូូូ ំ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍ៈូ៩៍ៈូ៎ៈូ៩៎៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏ៈូ័ៈូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៖ូ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏៖ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៖ូ ័ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠌᠌᠋᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠑᠈ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄ៈូ᠁᠔᠁᠌᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠁ ᠐ ᠅ ᠂ ᠅ ᠐ ᠁ ូ ᠕ ᠃ ᠋ ᠃ ᠀ ᠁ ូ ᠁ ᠃ ᠑ ᠃ ᠊ ᠏ ៨ ᠁ ូ ᠅ ᠁ ᠀ ᠏ ᠑ ᠁ ᠐ ᠊ ᠊ ᠋ ូ ᠅ ᠈ ᠌ ᠃ ᠅ ᠅ ៦ ᠈ ូ ᠁ ᠋ ៅ ៎ ោៅូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏៖ ⁹៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ ⁹៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠒᠅᠈᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៳᠋᠉᠁᠊᠏ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ៥᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠐ៈូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៎ៈូ ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕៊ ⁹᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠋᠈᠅᠕ៗូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ៗូ᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠅᠏᠉ៈូ᠅᠐᠅᠖᠁᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠊᠀ូ០᠁᠉᠋᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊៊ៈូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៥᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠅᠈ូ ០᠁᠉᠋᠅᠁᠏ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠅᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠕ៈូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅ូ᠑᠒᠁᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠉᠌᠋᠕ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ៩᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ ᠁᠏᠋᠑᠁ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ ោ ោ៝ៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ᠑᠀᠀᠄᠅᠏᠐ូ ៰᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ ᠕᠉᠋᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠄᠅᠈᠋᠏᠋᠌᠄᠅᠈ូ៝᠌᠌᠋᠄᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠑᠀᠀᠄᠅᠏᠉ៈូ᠁᠀ូ᠌᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠅᠉᠁ៈូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ×f⁹‵ⁱ ⁚⁜⁺ WASEDA University (Tokyo) ῪῩ ṳ Variety of classes with different levels are offered, and students can learn Japanese comprehensibly according to their goals. ṫ University's overview Graduate Schools ᴐ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠋᠓᠊ូ៳᠏᠁᠀ Political Science/ Economics/ Law/ Letters, Arts and Sciences/ The shopping districts of a railroad brings prosperity Commerce/ Fundamental Science and Engineering/ Creative Science to Waseda. There is a long history as a student town ᴏ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៳᠏᠁᠀ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ and Engineering/ Advanced Science and Engineering/ Education/ also attracts many young people as a city. Waseda ៍ៅូ History Human Sciences/ Social Sciences/ Sport Sciences/ Asia-Pacific Studies/ University has played a central role. In 1882, Shigenobu Okuma, one of the leading Global Information and Telecommunication Studies/ Japanese Applied political figures of the Meiji Era, founded Tokyo Linguistics/ Information, Production and Systems/ Public Management/ ṫThe outline of the Program College for Technical Studies (Tokyo-senmon- gakko), Law School/ Finance, Accounting and Law/ Accountancy/ Environment with the aim of upholding independence of learning, and Energy Engineering/ Teacher Education ᴏ Features of the Courses promoting the practical utilization of knowledge and The Intensive Japanese Language Program, offered by fostering good citizenship. In l902, this institution Staff Membersas of April 2010 the Center for Japanese Language at Waseda University, became Waseda University. Waseda University now Full-time Faculty 1,511 is a one-year program to study Japanese language consists of 13 undergraduate schools, 22 graduate Research Associates 318 intensively. This program is for those who are enrolled schools and various affiliated research institutes. It has Part-time Lecturers 4,380 in undergraduate courses or who have obtained a about 2,300 full-time faculty members and Full-time Administrators 801 “Bachelor’s degree”. Through various courses provided administrators , and about 54,000 students. In history in different levels, skills and themes, students can study and tradition and the number and achievements of its Studentsas of May 2010 Japanese language according to their own abilities and graduates and the standard of its teaching and research Undergraduates 44,893 goals. make it one of the most prestigious and most respected Graduates 9,286 private universities in Japan. The University celebrated ᴐNumber of Students to be Accepted the 125th Anniversary of its foundation on October 21, ᴐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏់ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ as of May 2010 It’s depend on the year. 2007. A tradition of the university is the promotion of International Students 3,972 international education. Every year Waseda University *Intensive Japanese Language Students 217 ᴑQualifications and Conditions of Applicants accepts large number of foreign students. Visiting Researchers 99 as December 2010 1,At the time of application, students must currently be enrolled at the undergraduate or graduate level at ៎ៅូNumber of staff and students ᴑ៰᠄᠁ូ᠀᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៩១៴៰ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ universities with exchange agreements with Waseda Undergraduate Schools University. Students must be continuously enrolled until Political Science and Economics/ Law/ Culture, Media Year number the end of the exchange study period at Waseda and Society/ Humanities and Social Sciences/ ℄ University. (Only university recommended ) Education/ Commerce/ Fundamental Science and 23 Embassy recommended 14, Engineering/ Creative Science and Engineering/ University recommended 9 2,Students must have demonstrated excellent academic Advanced Science and Engineering/ Social Sciences/ ℅ 15Embassy recommended 8, and personal records at their universities. Human Science/ Sport Sciences/ International Liberal Academic records of all courses, not only Japanese University recommended 7 Studies language, will be taken into consideration in the 14Embassy recommended 11, selection at Waseda University. University recommended 3 ᴖ Faculty Members 3,Students must have strong motivation to learn Japanese Classes ᾶSubjects and creditsᾷ Japanese. Japanese language proficiency is not necessarily required. Category Level Outline Credits Director Prof. HOSOKAWA, Hideo Associate Director Prof. KAWAKAMI, Ikuo ᴒGoals To earn 26 credits. Prof.11except from the above ᴓDuration of Courses Intensive Assistant Prof. 1 From September 2l, 2011 to September 20, 2012 Japanese ℂ Based on textbooks. or℁ Assistant Professor(without tenure) 5 Standard Instructor(without tenure) 7 The Course Completion Party will be held in July. Subject to study overall Japanese General Part-time Lecturer 79 ᴔType of the Courses Japanese intensively. Instructor(part-time) 84 The Center for Japanese Language offer Japanese Intensive language classes mainly. The classes of Society and Subject to discuss according to your ᴗActivities (2010 Academic Year ) Culture are held as well in the course. Japanese The Center organizes a number of extracurricular ᴕ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ for own interest and study Japanese activities for its students, the purpose of which is to Thematic ℃ or℁ thorough reading, wiring listening complement their knowledge of Japanese society and Course Description interaction culture acquired in the classroom. These activities Courses of the Intensive Japanese Language and speaking. include seeing performance of Kabuki at the theater, Program offer Intensive Japanese, Japanese for going to overnight trip etc. Thematic interaction, Japanese Theme Subject, Drills June Seeing performance of Kabuki at the theater and Practice, and Open Lecture. Japanese Subject to study Japanese Language, They are divided into eight different levels, each of Theme ℄ Nov. Athletic Festival which offers comprehensive learning of Japanese culture and society. Waseda Festival language. Subject Those whose Japanese level is 8 can take classes Overnight trip to hakone designed for the regular Japanese students at Waseda Subject to practice Japanese basic Dec. Rice-Cake Festival University if they would like to. Drills skill Subjects(2010 Academic year ) and ℄ ⁹Credits given to each subject are based on the (Kanji, Pronunciation and number of classes offered in a week. Practice Grammar) ⁹For the subjects offered by Center for Japanese Language, you gain 1 credit for a 90 minutes Subject to study Japanese Applied class/week. For the subjects offered by other faculties, you gain 2 or 4 credits for a 90 minutes class/week. Open linguistics. ⁹All classes are held in Japanese. Lecture [You will study exactly the same contents as Japanese students] ⅑Dormitories on Campus Intensive Language Program students ᴘCompletion of Program Japanese There is no dormitories on campus. A student who has passed the prescribed as of December 2010 examinations and earned 26 credits;13 credits per ⅑Dormitries outside the Campus semester in principle, is deemed to have completed Dormitories offered from JASSO. (Setagaya-ku) China 41 (6) Philippines 1 the program and receives a Certificate of Taiwan 30 Ukraine 1 (1) Completion ⁹Cost Republic of Korea 26 (2) Cambodia 1 Dormitories offered from JASSO. ¥32,000 United States 24 India 1 ᴙCredits transfer The cost of the “WID and Waseda University dormitories are Germany 20 (1) Switzerland 1 Please contact your home university. depend on the rooms. Thailand 14 (1) Israel 1 United Kingdom 14 Slovakia 1 France 12 Denmark 1 ṫ Housing Italy 8 New Zealand 1 ṫ Contact Canada 7 Hungary 1 (Embassy recommended) Russia 5 Brazil 1 Dormitories will be offered from Japan Student Sweden 4 Bulgaria 1 (1) Services Organization (JASSO). If they are full, CENTER FOR JAPANESE LANGUAGE, WASEDA Japan 4 Belarus 1 University recommend Waseda International UNIVERSITY Australia 4 Belgium 1 Student Dormitory called "WID" run by Kyoritsu Hong Kong 4 (1) Portugal 1 Maintenance Co. Address : 1-7-14, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050 Poland 3 (1) Myanmar 1 University recommended Japan Spain 2 Mongolia 1 Waseda University dormitories are offered. TEL : +81-3-5273-3142 Finland 2 Lithuania 1 FAX : +81-3-3203-7672 Singapore 2 Palestine 1 E-mail : [email protected] Norway 2 URL: http://www.waseda.jp/cjl/ Malaysia 2 Embassy number Staying at the dorm ⁹ഓάȲ΅̵ʢ΅һǸû̧ϋ Viet Nam 2 recommended CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION 2008 14 14 URL:http://www.waseda.jp/cie/exchange/ijlp/01_overview.html Total 25114 2009 8 8 *Numbers in is the MEXT program students. 2010 11 10 University number Staying at the dorm recommended 2008 9 9 2009 7 4 2010 3 3 Keio University (Tokyo ṳ ṯ Program summary The Japanese Language Program (JLP) is designed at each level to help students attain the Japanese language skills necessary for future research in specialized fields. The program also offers a range of levels and subjects to meet the needs of students studying at Keio University on exchange. ᴑ No.of Monbukagakusho JLP Students inthe past 3 years (5)Summary of course content ṫ Overview of Keio University ᬌEmbassy Nominated Students: EJ (for Monbukagakusho students and ᴏ History ᬌUniversity Nominated Students: DJ regular students) Originally established in 1858 as Keio Gijuku, a school of ᴏCompulsory subjects Dutch learning by Yukichi Fukuzawa, a highly ℄ ᾨ 11 EJ 7 DJ 4 Subjects are divided into Core subjects, respected intellectual leader, Keio University is the Subjects with a specific focus, Japanese oldest and one of the most renowned private ℅ 9 EJ 5ᾨDJ 4 Studies on Society and Culture and institutions of higher education in Japan. Keio’s first ᾨ Optional Subjects. For successful university departments were established in 1890 9 EJ 7 DJ 2 program completion subjects must be and were followed by the establishment of Keio taken from all categories except Yochisha Elementary School in 1898. Since then, ṫ Program Outline(for Monbukagakusho and regular “Optional Subjects”. Keio University has expanded into a comprehensive students) ṫ Program Outline educational system comprising primary, secondary (1) Program features Address: 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345 Tel: +81-3-5427-1612 Fax: +81-3-5427-1638 Email: [email protected] ᠅᠅᠃᠐ូ៱᠊᠅᠒៊ូោ᠅᠅᠃᠐ូ᠁᠂៊ៅ We provide some REAL program for those who wish to become Japanese instructors and Japan introducers ṫAn Overview of Niigata University Japanese instructor Japan introducer course ṫOrganization of the program Niigata University is located on the coast of Japan course compulsory 12credits compulsory All the students will have private session with their Sea. Niigata prefecture is usually known as a place supervisors here at Niigata every week. Japanese for good rice and heavy snow. Niigata city itself Intensive Japanese Japanese instructor course students will have 2 supervisors(ISC does not have heavy snow. In addition, the cost of Course: 10 credits A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,J: experienced Japanese instructors;1 male 1 female). living is much cheaper than that in Tokyo. The size (September-March, 1credit each Those instructors are also managers of all the of Niigata city (where compulsory) Japanese learning programs at Niigata University. our university is) is just right for foreign students CrossCurltural Japan introducer course students will also have 2 who wish to study Japanese and people’s life in Teaching Japanese ᮐ-A Communication A,B ℆ supervisors(1 faculty staff, 1 ISC staff). Japan but not big enough for those who wish to ᮑ or -A :2 credits each 2credits each ṫCertificate of the graduation enjoy night life in big city such as Tokyo. You can (April –September, A certificate to prove their fulfillment of all the enjoy winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding 2credits compulsory) Culture and Society in required course work will be given to the students at at nearby mountains and summer sports on beach ℆ Japan A,B 2 credits the end of the program. es. You can also visit Tokyo just for weekends. We each can assure you that our program offers a great ṫCourse requirement: opportunity to those who wish to become Japanese Science and Technology Students should earn more than 30 credits in a year Language Instructors in their future and to those who in Japan A,B℆2 credits including compulsory subjects(18credits) in each will be a great personnel to introduce real Japan and each course. its people. All the students applying for this program must have Japan, China Exchange passed Japanese Proficiency Test level 1 before ṫNumber of students in the program will be: History℆2 credits coming to Niigata. In order to concentrate on their maximum 10(maximum 5 for Japanese instructor study, students are not encouraged to bring their course, 5 for Japan introducer course) Shanghai Now! ℆ 2 families. The number is combined by Embassy recommen- credits Credits will be given. dation and University recommendation. 2 students were accepted in recent 3 years. Course report℆ℂ credits(compulsory) ṫAccommodation There is a dormitory building named Niigata University ṫPeriod of the program: International House in campus. Also, university has 3 2011October – 2012September apartments for international students outside of campus with almost the same condition of International ṫCourse summary: house. The rent is ¥5900 for single room in 2010 5 special subjects which are designed and related to academic year. ( The rent can be changed in future.) teaching Japanese as a foreign language are Students of this program lived in the dormitory in compulsory. Students will also be advised to take recent 3 years. some regular subjects which they have to study with Many real estate agents provides apartments near Japanese students. campus. Average rent fee is ¥20,000 to ¥50,000 for one-bed room. ṫ Events (2010 academic year) Sado Trip (May) Aizu Trip (September) Nagano Trip (October) etc. ṫ Contact International Exchange Support Center (ISC)or International Affairs Division, Niigata University #8050 Ikarashi 2nocho, Nishiku, Niigata-City, N iigata Prefecture, JAPAN ZIP 950-2181 TEL: +81-25-262-7627 FAX: +81-25-262-7519 Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] HP: http://www.niigata-u.ac.jp/ ×f⁹‵ⁱ Joetsu University of Educationℚℵℵℳℭ⅀ℭ ⁚⁜⁺ ῪῩ ṳ The Aim of the Program: To provide overseas students with necessary training in Japanese language and culture, in accordance with each student’s interests. ṫOverview of the University and ṫCourse Outline Joetsu City 1 Number of students to be accepted: 4 1 Outline and Overview of Joetsu University 2 Period of study: from October 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012 of Education 3 Contents of the Course 1) Characteristics and History ⁹ Overseas students, registered as special auditors, can attend the following classes In order to meet contemporary needs, Joetsu and acquire course credits after fulfilling certain requirements. University of Education was established in 1978 as a ⁹ After enrollment, students can also take other lectures not listed below, with the national university which aims to promote the theoretical professor’s permission. [The Front View of Joetsu University of Education] and practical studies of school education. It consists of the Graduate School of Education, which mainly intends ℧SubjectsSubjects of CollegeCollege of Education℩ Required Class to provide advanced studies in school education for in- service teachers, and the College of Education, which offers undergraduate courses in teacher training. In 2008, in accordance with the development of the Teaching Profession Graduate School System, the Professional Degree Program (Graduate School of Professional Teaching) was established in the Graduate School of Education. 2) Teachers and Students (as for May 2010) Teachers:154 Students: Undergraduates: 683 Graduate: 685 2 International exchange (as for October 2010) Foreign students: 45 (6 countries) Exchange agreements with overseas universities:10 (7 countries) Students in the Japanese Studies Program 2008: 1 (Turkey), 2009: 0, 2010: 0 3 Features of Joetsu city Joetsu City has numerous historical and cultural assets. Also, it is surrounded by impressive nature and is famous as one of Japan’s snowy cities. Joetsu City is located on the west coast, 2 hours by train from Tokyo. ℧Japanese language Course℩ Subject Contents Academic Japanese To improve basic writing skills that are required in university life. for Writing 1 To improve Japanese language skills required for explaining one’s own Academic Japanese research in Japanese. Students are required to experience a practical for Writing 2 learning process to set own research theme, collect data, analyze and examine. Academic Japanese To improve basic speaking skills that is required for speech and for Speaking 1 presentation at university student’s life. To improve Japanese oral skills to explain one’s own research in Japanese. Academic Japanese Students are required to experience a practical learning process to set own for Speaking 2 research theme, collect data, analyze and examine. To improve reading skills in Japanese, by reviewing basic but difficult General Japanese A1 grammar items for JSL learners, and to gain basic Japanese skills. To improve reading skills in Japanese, by reviewing relevant grammar, General Japanese A2 vocabulary and expressions, and to gain basic Japanese skills. To deepen understanding Japanese culture, life, history, geography, current General Japanese B1 news. To improve skills in brief and accurate description through discussion tasks. To deepen understanding of Japanese culture, life, history, geography and current news. To improve skills in brief and accurate description. Students General Japanese B2 are required to prepare materials on topics of their own interests, give presentations and have discussions. ℧Special Course of Studies of Japanese and Japanese Culture℩ Subject Contents To set one’s own research theme about Japanese language and culture Academic Research under the guidance of research advisors and JSL advisors through the One- of Japanese and Year Japanese Studies Program. Students are required to write a thesis / Japanese Culture report on their research studies and make a presentation. ℧A Japanese class℩ ℧ Studies in Japanese Language and Culture℩ 4 Guidance ṫAccommodation ⁹ Academic adviser: each overseas student has his/her own academic adviser who gives guidance on course selection The university has an international dormitory for foreign and research instructions. students, foreign researchers and Japanese students. Fifteen ⁹ Japanese language instructors: Japanese language instructors will help your difficulty in language learning and one-bedroom apartments and three apartments for families are improve your Japanese. available for foreign students. ⁹Advisers: The staff of the international exchange office will assist you in leading a comfortable learning and on- campus & off-campus life during your stay in Joetsu. 5 Completion of the Program Students who complete more than 12 classes including required classes and electives will be issued with a certificate. 6 Qualifications and conditions for applicants a) Qualifications Applicants must, at the time of arrival in Japan, be enrolled in a faculty or department offering studies in the Japanese language and/or Japanese culture. First-year students at your university are not eligible to apply for this program. b) Japanese language proficiency Applicants must be able to understand lectures, read reference materials, write papers, and make oral presentations in Japanese. ℧International Dormitory℩ 7 Credits and transfer of credits Units you acquire will be kept on your academic record at Joetsu University of Education so that you may count them when you return to study at Joetsu University of Education later on. 8 School visits Visiting the University Attached Elementary School Attached Junior High School, and other local school. 9 On-site practice in nature and cultural events ℧ Single room ℩ ⁹Japanese cultural experiences: dressing in kimono (kitsuke), cherry blossoms-viewing (hanami), tea ceremony etc. ⁹Community-based cultural experiences: home-stay, folk music festival, bus tour, etc. ⁹Sports: ski-trip, etc. ᾶContactᾷ International Student Section, Joetsu University of Education 1, Yamayashiki-Machi, Joetsu-City, Niigata, Japan, 943-8512. Phone℆ +81-25-521-3299 FAX℆ +81-25-521-3621 E-mail℆ [email protected] Home page℆ http://www.juen.ac.jp ℧Kimono Kitsuke] [ Cherry blossoms-viewing (hanami)] ᝉSki Trip at Myoko Kogenᝋ [Myoko, Hiuchi, and Nanba Mountains viewed [Ocha-kai (Tea Ceremony Party)℩ ℧Joetsu Matsuri℩ from the Sekikawa River during the winter season] ៱៥៲១៥៰៵ូ២ូ៰៵៝៩៝ ោូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូៅ ṳ ៳᠄᠅᠈᠁ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠊ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊៉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠈᠋᠊᠃᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁᠁᠏៊ ៝ូ᠑᠅᠑᠈᠑᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠅᠈᠋᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁ូ᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠅᠇᠁ូូ᠈᠊᠁ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៊ ṫ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ោ៎ៅូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ṫ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៎៌៍៌ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ៏៎៍ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ោ៍ៅូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ៈូ᠁᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៍៕ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ ោ៍ៅ ៩᠔᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៥᠊ូ ᠐᠋᠁ូ ៎៌៌៑ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ោ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៰᠁᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ៈូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠕ូ᠁᠉᠏᠏᠕ូូូូូូ ោ១᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ៅៈូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠉᠁᠑᠐᠅᠈ូ ោ៏ៅូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠕ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូូូូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ោ១᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠊ូ ៍៕៓៑ៅូ ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠇᠋᠇ូ ᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៎ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌។ៈូ៑ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌៕ៈូ៍ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៍៌ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ ោ១᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠊ូ ៍៕។៏ៅៅូ ᠓᠁᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ២᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠀᠉᠅᠐᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូូូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠋᠂ូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ៈូ ូ ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ូ ᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ ោ័ៅូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូូ ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ ៨᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠁᠋᠃᠌᠄᠅ូ᠄᠁᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ៝᠏ូ ᠋᠂ូ ៩᠕ូ ៎៌៍៌ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ ᠓᠁᠁ូ ៕ៈ៏៎។ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ ៕៓្ូ ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠁ូ᠋᠏᠐ូ᠃᠅᠊᠏᠐ូ ោ៎ៅ ៰᠁᠉ ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠏᠐᠂᠂៊ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠇᠀᠋᠌ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠆᠁᠏᠐᠅ូ៦᠌᠊ូ៝᠈᠌᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៎៌៍៎៊ ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠀᠓᠊ូ᠑᠌ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៕៓ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏់ ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠐ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠊᠋᠓៉᠋᠒᠁᠁᠀ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ᠕ូ᠐᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠔᠐ ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៎ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូោ៝᠑᠏᠐᠈᠅ៈូ᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠁᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠈᠊᠀᠏᠌᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈៊ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠄᠅᠊ៈូ ៝ូ ᠁᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ ᠋᠂ូ ១᠃᠕᠌᠐ៈូ ៥᠊᠀᠅ៈូ ᠁᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ ᠋᠂ូ ៧᠋᠁ៈូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠃᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠈᠀ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠁᠕ូ៣᠋᠇᠕᠉ ៩᠈᠕᠏᠅ៈូ ᠑᠏᠏᠅᠊ូ ២᠁᠀᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៰᠄᠅᠈᠊᠀ៈូ ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ ៧᠅᠊᠃᠀᠋᠉ៈូ ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠁᠁᠌ូ᠐᠄᠐᠄᠁᠀ូ᠋᠋᠂ូ᠃᠏᠏᠄᠋៉᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូោ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូូ ោ៏ៅូ៝᠄᠅᠁᠒᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠆᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ ៱៝ៈូ᠁᠐៊ៅ៊ូ៳᠁ូ᠁ូ᠁᠃᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠁᠈᠋᠉᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ ៱១ូ៳᠋᠈᠀ូ៤᠁᠅᠐᠃᠁ូ᠅᠐᠁ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠇ូ᠏᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ ⁹៝᠀᠒᠊᠁ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ ᠏᠄᠁᠉᠁ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈᠈᠕ូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠑ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ ᠌᠈᠕᠏ូ ូ ᠇᠁᠕ូ ᠋᠈᠁ូ ᠅᠊ូ ១᠐᠄᠑ ᠓ ᠑᠏᠄᠅ ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠑᠅᠑᠈᠑᠉ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ូ ᠁᠊᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠋ូ᠏᠋៊ ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠈ូ ⁹៝᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៍ោ᠋ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៍ៅូ᠋᠂ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠌᠅᠐᠈ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ᠉᠁᠐᠋᠌᠋᠈᠅᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐៊ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ ័៎៌ៈ៌៌៌៊ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ ោ័ៅ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូូូូូូូូូូ ᠏᠇ូ᠕ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄៉᠏᠌᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠅᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠄᠋᠑ូ᠂᠈᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋៊ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ ᠈᠁᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠁᠏᠄ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠓᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅ៈូ᠁᠔᠁᠈᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠏᠁᠂᠋᠋᠀ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠏᠅ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ ᠈᠈ូ᠏᠋᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠉᠁᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠃᠀᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ៷៹ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠉᠁᠑᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠊᠅᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠃᠁᠊᠅᠈ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠈ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠁ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊ ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៖ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូូូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ៷៹ូ᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠊᠀ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠊᠋᠒᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៨᠅᠂᠁ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏៊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ᠄᠉᠁᠑᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ោ៣᠋᠂᠑᠇᠑ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៅ ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠌᠅᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋᠏ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊ ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូ ᴏ ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ៷៹ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ hours ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៏៌ ៏៌ ᠑᠆᠁᠐ ០᠁᠏᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠋᠀៉᠌᠋᠁᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ២᠈᠈ ᠌᠅᠊᠃ ᠏᠋᠂᠐᠓᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠐᠁᠏៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕៊ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ ៏៌ ៏៌ ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠕ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ ២᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ ᠐᠅᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠏ូ᠋᠈ូ ២᠋᠈᠇ូ᠏᠋᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ្៌ូ ្៌ូ ᠊᠁᠓᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠁᠈᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏៊ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៷ូ៹ូ᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូោូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូៅ ᠋᠈᠁៉᠌᠈᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠕ូ᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូូ᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ៏៌ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠁᠄ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ូ៤᠁᠁ូ᠓᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊ូ᠋᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥ ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ᠈᠁᠏᠏᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠐᠅᠈᠋᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠁ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠌᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ ᠁᠄ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ៏៌ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥៥ ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ ១᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠋᠉᠈ូ ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠅᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠕៊ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠌᠋᠇᠁᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠐᠁᠊ូ ℈២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ℊ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៏៌ូ ᠊᠀ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏ូូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ៥៥៥ ៱᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠒᠅᠏᠑᠈ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ៈូ ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠋᠏᠏៉ ៏៌ ៏៌ ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠉᠌᠋᠕ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៲᠅᠏᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠁᠏᠅᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠐᠅᠈᠏ូ᠐ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠄᠉᠐៊ូ᠑៉ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌់៊ ᠐᠅᠈᠁᠏ៈូ᠁᠏᠏᠕᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ ្៌ ្៌ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ ℈២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ℊ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕៊ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ៩᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠈᠅᠊᠅᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠏᠕᠄᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠃᠉᠉᠐᠅᠈ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ ៰᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕៥᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ Grammar ៏៌ ៏៌ ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏᠅᠒᠁᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ ᠇᠑᠃᠋ ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ᠁᠔᠁᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠄᠅᠈᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕᠁᠐ូោ᠁᠂᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠕᠈᠈᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠁᠁ូ ោ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠐᠁᠈᠈᠅᠊᠃ៅ ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠌᠁᠁᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ៅ៊ូ ោ៑ៅូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ៰᠅᠌᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ ោ្ៅូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ៰᠊᠏᠂᠁ ℈᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ℊ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៩᠊᠕ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᴏ ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠆᠑᠀᠃᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠓᠄᠋ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠃᠁᠀ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ័។៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូោ៎័៌ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠏᠅᠃᠊᠅᠂᠅᠊᠐ូ ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ូោ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠏᠅᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁᠊᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᴐ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠊᠁ៈូ᠐᠁᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៨᠓ៅៈ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠅᠁᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠋᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠋᠂ូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ ᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠃᠄᠐ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ ᠁᠈᠁᠒᠊᠐ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠀᠁᠐᠅᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀៊ូ ᠕᠈᠈᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠃᠋᠑᠌᠏ៈូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠃᠁᠐៉᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅៈ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᴑ ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋᠏ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ ᠋᠂ូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ូ᠐ ᠊ូ᠈᠓᠕᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠌᠐᠕ូ᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠋᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠊᠀ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠊ូ ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠏᠕᠈᠈᠑᠏៊᠀᠉៊᠑៉᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌់᠏᠕᠈᠈᠑᠏់ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠊ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ ᠋᠊᠁៉᠐᠋៉᠋᠊᠁ូ᠏᠅᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠈᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠁᠐ូ ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐ូ ᠊ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ ᠐᠋ូ ᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ូ ᠅᠊ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠕᠈᠈᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូ ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ូ᠐ូ ᠑ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠈᠏᠋ូ ᠄᠒᠁ូ ᠊᠑᠉᠁᠋᠑᠏ូ ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠐᠋ូ ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠈᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠏៊᠑៉᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌់᠆᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁់᠁᠀᠑់᠏᠋᠃᠋៊᠄᠐᠉᠈៊ ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠕ូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ᠌᠌᠁᠏៊ូ ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐ូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ៈូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠉᠊᠕ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠊᠀ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠐᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠉᠁ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠌᠁᠑᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐ ᴐ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠁᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠐ូ ᠁ូ ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀៊ូ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ូ ᠏᠇᠅ូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠄᠉᠐៊᠑៉᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌់៵៱៣៝៧៱១៥់ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠈᠈ូ᠐᠁᠉ូោ᠐᠋᠁ូ៉ ៩᠄ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠁᠉ូ ᠐᠋᠑᠏ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ ᠓ូ ᠂᠋᠈᠇ូ ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ោ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៉ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ៅូ᠁ូ៍៑ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏៊ ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠈ូ ᠅᠅᠊᠇᠅់᠁᠌᠋᠐៊᠄᠐᠉᠈៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ៎័៌ូ᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠌᠁ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ ᠕᠑᠇᠐៊ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠊ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ ូ ᠃᠁᠊᠑᠅᠊᠁ ᠐᠁ូ ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠉᠋᠊᠃ូ ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ᠁᠓ូ៵᠁ៃ᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠄᠁᠕៉᠈᠋᠏᠏᠋᠉ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃᠏ូោៅូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠁᠑᠁᠏ៈូ᠋᠓᠈᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ ᠉᠊᠕ូូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ោ៓ៅូ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃ូោៅៈូ᠂᠋ូូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠉᠁᠁᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ័។៌ូ᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠈ូ᠕᠁ូោ᠂᠈᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏ៅ៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠋᠊៉᠋᠊᠁ូ ᴏ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐ូូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋᠏៊ូ ោ᠊᠋᠊៉៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៅូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠅᠊ូ ូ ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠐᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ោ៑ៅ ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៃ᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ៈូ᠅᠊ូ ᴐ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ ᠏᠄᠋᠓ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠐᠋᠃᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ៎ូោ᠋ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៎ៅូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ ᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ ᠕ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊ូ ២᠋᠑᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠋᠊៉᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠏៊ូ ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ ṫ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ṫ ២᠋ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ២᠋᠑ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ᠄᠏ូ᠊ូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠕៉៝᠋᠀ូ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ៰᠁᠉ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ៣᠋᠑᠌ៈ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៥᠊ូ᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠒᠊᠐ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠁ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ ᠋᠋᠌ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠅᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠈ូ᠁᠏᠐᠐᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ៏៍៕៌ូ៣᠋᠂᠑᠇᠑ៈូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូ៕៏៌ូ៉ ។៑៑៑ៈូ៦᠌᠊ ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠈᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠊᠁᠅᠃᠄᠋᠄᠋᠋᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠋ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠉᠕ូ᠉᠇᠁ូ ៰᠁᠈៖ូូះ។៍៉ ៓្ូ៉ ័័៑ូ៉ ្៌។៎ ូ᠏᠉᠋᠋᠐᠄ូ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉ ៓្ូ៉ ័័៑ូ៉ ្៌៕៏ ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូោ៣᠋᠂᠑᠇᠑ៅូ᠄᠏ូ៏័ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏៊ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠈᠋᠀᠃᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠋᠏᠐ូ៑ៈ៕៌៌ូ᠕᠁᠊ូ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄᠈᠕៊ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠕᠑᠃᠇᠑ៜ᠀᠉៊᠑៉᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠐᠄᠋᠋᠉ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠋᠋᠇᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៳᠁᠏᠅᠐᠁៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠑៉᠐᠋᠕᠉៊៊᠆᠌ ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋៊ូ៩᠋᠁᠋᠒᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠄᠁᠐᠁់ូ᠅ូ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠀ៈូូ᠐᠈᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠅៊ូ១᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠏ូូ ᠀᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠐ូ᠋᠊᠊᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូ៝᠊ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄᠈᠕ូ ᠌᠅᠊᠃ ᠑᠉᠉᠁ ᠄᠃᠁ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠏᠁៊ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូូូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូោ៣᠋᠂᠑᠇᠑ៅូ᠓᠏ូ៎ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌។ៈូ៎ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៌៕ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ូ ០᠈᠅᠊ ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៍៌៊ ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ៑៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ ᠌᠌᠋᠋ ᠁᠋᠑᠈ ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ៍៌ូ ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ ᠄᠊᠃᠄᠅ ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ៍៌ូ ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ ៰᠋᠕᠉ ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ ៧᠕᠋᠐᠋ូ ᠃᠋᠕ ᠏᠇ ២᠑᠇᠑᠋᠇ ៝᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ៰᠋᠕᠉ូោ᠕ូ᠅ៅ ២᠈᠈ ៳᠅᠊᠐᠁ KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY ISHIKAWA PREFECTURE ACQUISITION OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY THROUGH INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH, JOINT STUDIES AND HANDS-ON EXPERIENCES WITH JAPANESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE ᴏ ៱᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠂᠂ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ ṫUniversity Overview ᾶ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠂᠂ᾷ៖ូ៍ៈ៌៌៑ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ ᾶ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ᾷ៖ូូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៓ៈ៕។៎ៈ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᴏ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៎ៈ័៎៏ៈូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊៉᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៎៓័ៈូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៍៌ៈ្៓៕ ោ០᠐ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏᠋᠈᠁᠈᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ᠏ូ ᴐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៨᠅᠊᠇᠏ ᴐ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ ៎៌ ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠕ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៖ូ៍៏៏ូោ៎។ូូូ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠊᠋ូ᠏᠁᠐ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠐᠁᠃᠋᠕៊ ᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠖᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏៍᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ៗូូូ᠐᠊᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ៓។ូៈូ᠐᠊᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៑៑ៈូូូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ័៕៍ ᴑ ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠏᠐᠅᠏᠂᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៖ ᠀᠐᠁᠏ូ᠇ូ᠐᠋ូ៍។្៎៊៰᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ូ៍៕៓ូោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠕᠁ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ោ៍ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠏᠑᠂᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠑᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠔᠌᠊᠀ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠋᠓ូ᠄᠏ូូ ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោូ ᠐᠋᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៏ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍្ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ ᴑ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠁᠍᠑᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូោ៧᠇᠑᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠇᠉᠄᠅ៅូ៖ូោ៍ៅូ ោ៎៌៌។៉៎៌៍៌ៅូ ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៎ៅ៊ ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ Accepted students ោ៎ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠁᠈᠁᠒᠊᠐ូ ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៨᠓ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ 2008 ℄embassy nominees:2ᾨUniversity ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠄᠁ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ nominees:4,non-scholarship students:2 ោ៏ៅូ᠁ូូ᠆᠑᠊᠅᠋ូ᠋ូូ᠏᠁᠊᠅᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐ូូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ ០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕៊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូោ៎ៅូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ 2009 15embassy nominees:2ᾨUniversity nominees:7ᾨnon-scholarship students:6 ោ័ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠌᠁᠌᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠒᠋᠐᠁ូ ᠊᠀ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៩᠐᠄᠁᠉᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠕᠏᠅᠏ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ 2010 11embassy nominees:2ᾨUniversity ᠕᠁៊ូ១᠊᠐᠄᠑᠏᠅᠏᠉ូ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ ᠄᠁᠉᠅᠏᠐᠕ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠄᠊᠅᠈ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ᴒ ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ᠅᠐nominees:5᠕ ᾨnon-scholarship students:4 ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠉᠑᠏᠐៊ ᠄᠋᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠐᠁ូ ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ០᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊ូ ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠃᠁᠏᠐ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠁ូ᠋᠏᠐ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ ᴒ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠏᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠏᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠈ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ៈូោ៏ៅូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠐᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠉ូ᠐᠉᠋᠏᠌᠄᠁᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊ូ᠋᠈᠀ូ᠏᠐᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋᠓᠊ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠊ូ᠌᠐᠅᠐᠑᠀᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ៍ូ᠐ូ ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ៈូ᠄᠉᠁᠑᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ ᠋᠈᠀ូ᠄᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠄ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠐᠕៊ ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠐᠏ៈូ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ᠌᠁᠂᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᴓ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ០᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ ᠐᠋ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠉᠕ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠃᠀᠁᠊ូ᠐ូ៧᠁᠊᠋᠇᠑᠁᠊៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ូ᠀᠋᠊ូ ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៏៍ៈូ៎៌៍៎ោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠄᠉᠁᠑᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ៧᠊᠖᠓ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀ៅ ៤᠁᠈᠐᠄ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠏ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ ᠁᠉᠌᠄᠏᠅᠖᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂᠐᠁᠊ូ᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ៩᠋᠅ូ᠊᠋ូ៩᠅᠕᠇᠋ៈូ ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏៖ូ᠐᠋᠁ ៉ ២᠁᠑᠕ូោ២᠈᠈ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅៈូ៝᠌᠅᠈ ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠁᠁៉᠈᠀ូ᠐᠋᠓᠊ៈូ᠀᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠄ូ᠃᠁᠁᠊᠁᠕៊ ⅊ ៦᠑᠈᠕ូោ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠋៉ ᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠅᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ᠁᠅᠋᠀៖ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៍⅊ ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៏៍ ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ṫ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ᠐᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠓៊ ᴔ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ៈូ ោ᠈᠁᠊᠃᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ៍ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៙ូ៍៑ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏ៈូ᠈᠁᠊᠃᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៙៕៌᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ៅ ោៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូᮑ ៏ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៈូ៍ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁ូ Number of classes per week ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠅᠊᠇᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ៅ COMPULSORY (number of credits) ᠁᠉᠅᠊ᮐ៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠊ូូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ COURSES ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠁᠀ ᠕ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ៈូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠊᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠏᠁᠐ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠈᠊ូ Fall Spring Total ᠌᠁᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏៊ ᠁᠊᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠁᠌ូ᠕ូ᠏᠐᠁᠌៊ Japanese 90 90 180 ៰᠄᠁ូ᠃᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ ័ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៈូ ៑ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠌᠁ូ Specific Skills in 30 30 60 ᠏᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠂᠂᠁᠐ូ᠅᠐៊ូ៳᠄᠁᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ៅ Japanese ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ Classe Kanji 30 30 60 ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠃᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠃᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋᠓᠀᠏ូ᠏᠋᠈᠅᠀᠅᠂᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ Japanese s per Kanji Specific Skills Level ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠊ូូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠅᠏៊ូ᠉᠁᠈᠕ៈូ᠕ូ Courses week Japanese Culture ᠏᠄᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠅᠁᠂᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᮐ 30 30 60 Seminar ᠇᠃᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠅᠏᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ D Listening D (Intermediate 3 Kanji D Japanese Culture ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏៊ 30 30 60 Level ᮑ) Composition D Seminar ᮑ ោៅូ៳᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ Report Writing E Workshop on ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠄᠊᠀᠏៉᠋᠊ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ Japanese Culture 60 60 120 ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ E Oral Presentation E Seminar (Advanced 3 Kanji E ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠏ ៥᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ៈូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ Level ᮐ) Intermediate Survey and ᠀᠁᠒᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ Reading E 30 30 60 Training Seminar ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូ᠃᠈᠅᠉᠌᠏᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠄᠅᠈᠋᠏᠋᠌᠄᠕ូ᠃᠋᠒᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ Comprehension ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៧᠑᠐᠊᠅ូ᠌᠋᠐᠐᠁᠕ៈូ៩᠇᠅᠁ូ᠐ូ Completion Computer- 30 30 60 ᠋᠂ូ៳᠆᠅᠉ូ᠈᠍᠑᠁ូ᠓᠁ៈូ៧᠃ូ៵᠑᠖᠁᠊ូ᠏᠅᠈᠇៉᠀᠕᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ Research Seminar assisted Report F ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠂᠐ៈូ᠃᠋᠈᠀ូ᠈᠁᠂ៈូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៧᠃ូ᠑᠅᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ Writing F Total 330 330 660 ᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠁ូ᠇᠁᠏ៈូ᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ៥᠇᠁᠊ៈូ៶᠁᠊ូ (Advanced 3 Kanji F Advanced ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠋᠄ូ᠀᠉ៈូ៧᠋᠐᠋ៈូ៤᠅᠇᠑ូ᠌᠋᠁᠐᠕ៈ ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ Level ᮑ) Reading F ៍ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠁᠈᠅᠁᠏ូ᠁᠐៊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠋᠌᠁᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ Comprehension ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូូ᠂᠅᠏᠐᠄᠊᠀ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៈូ៏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ៅ Discussion F ោៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ᮐ ៎ ᠑᠒᠁᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៈូ៍ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁ូ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ ᠓᠁᠁᠇ៅ ៑ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូោ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐ូ ᠆᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠐᠋ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠋ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ ᠅᠊ូ ᠉᠅᠔᠁᠀ូ ᠃᠋᠑᠌᠏ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠁᠊᠀᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ ᠅᠏ូ ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ ᠋᠊ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠋᠑᠐᠄ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠋᠀᠕៊ូ៨᠁᠏᠏᠋᠊᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠊ូ ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ូ ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠕ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠁᠄ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៝᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ ២᠑᠐᠄᠁᠉᠋᠁ៈូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ ᠏᠑᠒᠁᠕᠏ូ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ᠁ូ ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀៊ ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠁᠀᠑᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠑᠌ូ ᠐᠋ូ ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ᠋᠊ូ ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏៊ូ ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៊ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐᠄᠊᠀ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠕ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ᠆᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ ᠏᠑᠒᠁᠕᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠌᠋᠆᠁᠐᠏ៈូ ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ᠑᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠐᠐᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠋᠆᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ ᠅᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠄᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠐ូ᠈᠃᠁ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠓᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠅᠃᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ៈូ᠈᠏᠋ៈូ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏ ᠏ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠏᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠁᠀ូ᠕ូូ᠀᠁᠐᠁ៈ ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូ ᠌᠁᠁᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠁៊ ្ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូោ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ៅ ṫ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᴖ ១᠔᠐៉᠑᠅᠑᠈ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐ូូ᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ ៍ៅ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ៰᠅᠌᠏ ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ ᠋᠊ូូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ᠋᠊᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូូ៍៑ូ ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠌᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠁᠈᠋᠓៊ ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁៉᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូូ ៳᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠀᠁᠏᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ᠇᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ៈូ᠋᠄ូ ៍៑ូ៝៉័ូ᠏᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅ូ ៍ៅូ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠐᠁ៈូ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ៈូ᠌᠋᠐᠐᠁᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠀᠑᠉ូ᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉៊ូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៈូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈᠏ៈូ᠑᠏ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠋៉᠋᠕ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠒᠁᠕ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐ូ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូោ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠓᠋᠇᠏᠄᠋᠌ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូ᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁᠀៊ ᠊᠀ូ៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠁ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ៅ៊ ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ៎ៅូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠋៉᠋᠕ូ២᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏៖ូ៓៕ូោ្។ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠅᠊៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ១᠄ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ៍៍ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ៅៈូ᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠐៊៖ូᠠ៓ៈ៓៌៌ូ᠌᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ ᠅᠊ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐៊ ᠏᠁᠒᠁ូ᠏ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ២᠉᠅᠈᠕ ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ូោ៝᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠅᠊᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠀᠁᠌᠋᠏᠅᠐ូ᠋᠂ូᠠ៎៌ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ២᠑᠐᠄᠁᠉᠋᠁ៈូូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠀᠕ូ᠉᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠁᠊᠈᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ ᠊ូ ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕៊ៅូៈូ᠉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠊᠁ូ២᠁᠁៖ូᠠ៎ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠌᠁ូ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ៈូ ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠈᠕ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ᠅᠊᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠌᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠓᠕᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠑᠐᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠃᠁᠏៖ូ᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠊᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠃᠏ៈូ ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠅᠉ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠅᠊᠇᠅᠊᠃៊ ᠓᠐᠁ូ᠁᠐៊ ᠁᠏᠁᠄៊ូ០᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠉᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠌᠋᠐᠐᠁᠕ូ᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠐᠐᠄᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋᠅᠈᠁᠐ៈូ᠅ូ ᴗ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠊᠀ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠋᠊᠀᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠀ៈូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋᠋᠇᠏᠁ៈូ᠄᠅ៈូ ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁᠏ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠑᠌᠋᠀ៈូ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋ៈូ᠒᠑᠑᠉ូ᠈᠁᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠐៊ៈូ ៥᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠐ូ᠁᠏᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉៊ ᠌᠏᠏ូ᠈᠈ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐ូ ᴕ ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠕ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ៈូ ៎ៅូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៤᠅᠋᠏᠄᠅ូ៵᠉᠉᠋᠐᠋ ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠑᠉᠅᠐ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅៊ ោ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠉᠉᠁᠏᠁ូ ៝ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠐᠕៖៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៅ ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠑᠈᠂᠅᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ᠀᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៩᠏᠏᠄᠅ូ៩᠅᠊᠁ ᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠄᠁᠁ូ᠊ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ោ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ៈូ᠀᠋᠉᠅᠐᠋᠕៉᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠃᠀᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠐᠕៖ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៅូ ោ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៩᠄᠅᠕ៅូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠋᠑᠈᠀ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏៊ ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠐᠇᠁᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠁᠋᠀᠁᠀៊ ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠂᠂៖ូ៏៌ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៩᠋᠏᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ᴘ ៝᠌᠌᠋᠒᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠃᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏ៅ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ូ ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠁᠓ូ᠋᠌᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠈᠋᠊᠃ ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠇᠁᠊ៈូ᠃᠀᠁᠏ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠌᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁៊ ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏៊ូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠁᠂ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠀᠁᠅᠀᠁ូ᠓᠄᠁᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏៊ ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐᠏ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ ᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈូ᠌᠁᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូូ៧᠇᠑᠉៉᠉᠄᠅ៈូ៧᠊᠖᠓ូ៕៎៌៉៍៍៕៎ៈូ ៝᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊ ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠉᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠁ូ᠋᠐᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ ៰᠁᠈៖ូូះ។៍៉៓្៉៎្័៉៑៍។។ូូូ២᠔៖ូូះ។៍៉៓្៉៎៏័៉័៌័៏ ᠅᠊ូ᠃᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠕᠑᠅᠇᠑ៜ᠀᠉៊᠇᠊᠖᠓៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏៊ូ៥᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ ៤᠋᠉᠁᠌᠃᠁៖ូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠇᠊᠖᠓៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠁᠂ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠊ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋៖ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁៊ូ ᠕᠉ៜ᠏᠐᠂᠂៊᠇᠊᠖᠓៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ២᠑᠐᠄᠁᠉᠋᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠒᠅᠈᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠈ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠉᠉᠅᠊᠁ៜ᠇᠁᠊᠋᠇᠑៊᠇᠊᠖᠓៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ University of Fukui ṳ Fruitful instruction and flexible curriculums that satisfy each student heritage. Facing the Sea of Japan, Fukui played an important ᴓ Period of the Program: ṫ Overview of University of Fukui role in ancient times as a gateway to and from continental Asian Oct. 1, 2011 ⅊ Sept. 30, 2012 ᴏ Organization countries, and it still retains many relics that reflect its long ᴔ (1) Faculties and Departments history and tradition. Fukui is a beautiful place which changes Course Focus: This program focuses on University of Fukui has three faculties; the Faculty its appearance according to the turning of the four seasons. Japanese affairs and Japanese culture of Education and Regional Studies, the Faculty of ṫ ᴕ Medical Science and the Faculty of Engineering, Outline of the Program Outline of Courses: ᴏ and three Graduate Schools; the Graduate School Key Features Each semester has 15 weeks. ⁹ of Education, the Graduate School of Medical This program is designed to improve your proficiency in (1) Compulsory courses: Sciences, and the Graduate School of Engineering. Japanese and to deepen your understanding of Japanese Japanese Affairs A (Japanese Language and The Faculty of Education and Regional studies culture. Culture) (Spring Semester) ⁹ offers two programs: the Teacher Education Students shall take courses in specialized and/or (2credits/30hours) Program, the Regional Studies Program. The interdisciplinary fields in the campus and gain credits. Lectures on Japanese Language and culture ⁹ Faculty of Medical Science comprises two Students shall take seven or more courses each semester. Japanese Affairs B (Society and Culture) ⁹ departments. The Faculty of Engineering No course specially designed for the students of this (Fall Semester ) (2credits/30hours) comprises eight departments. program is offered. Seminar on Japanese Society (2) Elective courses (2) Number of Students and Academic Staff ᴐ Number of Students to be Accepted: 5 ⁹ Japanese A, Japanese B (Intermediate) Undergraduates 4,156 (3 Embassy recommended students and 2 University ⁹ (2credits/30hours) Graduates 933 recommended students) ⁹Academic Staff 446 The focus of these courses is on proficiency of ᴑ Qualification for Applicants: speaking and listening, and is designed to ᴐ International Exchange It is expected that applicants meet the following conditions: achieve the basic capability necessary for International Students (1) Proficiency of Japanese Language ordinary conversation and reading. 236 (from 24countries) ⁹Applicants shall have proficiency in Japanese equivalent to Japanese C, Japanese D (Intermediate) or above level N2 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. (2credits/30hours) ᴑ Number of students accepted for this (2) Academic Background, Majors Intensive practice is designed for reading and program in the past ⁹Applicants shall have interest in Japanese language, culture, listing on the various topics, which will 2009: 1 (Univ. Recommended student) education, and other related fields of study. facilitate understanding of the present 2008: 1 (Univ. Recommended student) ⁹Applicants shall have research/study background in the Japanese society and culture, and will also fields of interest. improve the proficiency in vocabulary, ᴒ Surrounding Area reading, and expression. These courses are University of Fukui is located in the center of Fukui ᴒ Program Participants Goal: It is expected that program designed to improve the proficiency of City, the biggest city of Fukui Prefecture. Fukui ℏℵ⅀ participants have Japanese ability at about N1 level of the JLPT reading and writing and also to attain the ⅅ is situated in at the end of the program. reading and writing skills through the central part of Japan and is blessed with both understanding the basic structure of natural beauty and a rich cultural Japanese sentences. Students shall share the mistakes &errors in composition through checking each other’s essays. University of Fukui ṳ Fruitful instruction and flexible curriculums that satisfy each student Japanese E, Japanese F (Advanced) ṫ Multicultural Communication B (spring semester) Accommodations (2credits/30hours) (2credits/30hours) Within five minutes’ walk from the university These courses are designed for those students Multicultural discussion on Japanese culture and society with are located two facilities that accommodate with proficiency of level N1 of The Japanese Japanese students is organized. overseas students, The Overseas Student Language Proficiency Test to improve the Interdisciplinary courses and specialized courses House (25 single rooms, 2 two-person rooms, grammatical and lexical skills necessary for You may take any courses offered by the Faculty of Education and 2 family rooms), and the International attending regular courses in the campus. and Regional Studies. Exchange Student Dormitory (209 single Japanese G, Japanese H (Advanced) rooms, which are for both Japanese and (2credits/30hours) ᴖ Supervision international students). These courses are designed for those students (1) Program Implementation: Members of the International However, we cannot assure students the with proficiency of level N1 of The Japanese Student Committee of the Faculty of Education and Regional accommodation in the above mentioned Language Proficiency Test to improve the Studies, and faculty members of the International Student facilities due to the limited number of rooms. capability of grammars, styles, vocabularies, and Center will coordinate and implement the program. (In the past, nobody from this program was composition skills necessary for writing reports (2) A faculty member from the Faculty of Education and assigned to live in these dormitories. ) or papers. Discussions in debate style are also Regional Studies will be assigned to each student as an advisor, designed in these courses, picking up various while the International Student Center supports students in the Monthly room rent: topics on Japanese societies. various aspects of their lives. •Overseas Student House - Applied Japanese ᮐ, Applied Japanese ᮑ ¥5,900 (single), ¥11,900 (two-person) ᴗ Advanced) (2credits/30hours) Tours, events, etc. •Int’l Exchange Student Dormitory - ⁹ Practice on listening, reading, and writing is Sightseeing tours are organized by International Student ¥4,700 (single) designed for various topics on Japanese society, Center in February and September. •Private apartment - ¥30,000 – 40,000 culture and life, based upon the articles in latest ⁹Various programs/events are also organized by the local newspapers or magazines. TV dramas of love government or volunteer groups. ṫContact story will be used as teaching materials so that ᴘ Completion of the Program and Conferment of the International Student Section, students can deepen the understanding of Certificate Student Affairs Division Japanese society, way of thinking, and also ⁹In order to complete the program students shall earn twenty University of Fukui improve the capability expressing dedicate or more credits, including the credits of two compulsory courses sentiments in Japanese. and eight selective courses. The Certificate of the JLCS Address : 9-1 Bunkyo 3-chome, Fukui-shi, Japanese Culture (2credits/30hours) Program shall be conferred to anyone upon his or her request Fukui 910-8507 Japan This course is designed for students to who has completed the program. TEL : +81-776-27-8406 understand the Japanese culture profoundly, Fax : +81-776-27-9715 through reexamining the traditional ceremonies ᴙ Credits E-mail : [email protected] or rituals in Japanese lives (birth, coming of age, ⁹Two credits shall be given to any student who has finished a URL : http://www.u-fukui.ac.jp marriage, climacteric, funeral etc.) course. Multicultural Communication A,C (fall semester ) (2credits/30hours) Shinshu University (Nagano Prefecture) ṳ ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠄ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠍᠑᠅᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ṫ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៏៑័ូោ៎។ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ ᬌ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐៖ ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ᠈᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ៵᠁ូ៎៌៌។៉៍ោ᠑᠏᠏᠅៖ ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ៝᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕ូ᠏ូូ ៵᠁ូ៎៌៌៕៉៍ោ᠁᠈᠃᠅᠑᠉៖ូូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠌᠋᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ូ៝᠐ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠓᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ៑ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៵᠁ូ៎៌៍៌៉៎ោ᠁᠈᠃᠅᠑᠉៖ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠈᠂᠅᠑᠉ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊់ ᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ័ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូោ៩᠐᠏᠑᠉᠋᠐᠋ៈូ᠃᠊᠋ៈូ៱᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠅᠊᠉᠅៉ ៧᠋᠁៖ូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៩᠅᠊᠋᠓ៅូ᠅᠊ូ᠃᠊᠋ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ ℀᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ℀᠃᠊᠋ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូោ᠑ូ៨᠋᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅ ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ។ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ។ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ូ᠋ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐៊ ᠏ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូូ ᠃᠊᠋ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠐᠋᠑᠅᠏᠐ូ᠁᠏᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ ៦᠌᠊៊ូ៩᠐᠏᠑᠉᠋᠐᠋ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ ℀᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠏᠅᠈᠕ូ᠁᠏᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠈᠈ូ ᠁᠑᠏᠁ូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ᠅᠏ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠏᠐ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊ូ ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូោ᠕ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ៎᠄៏៌᠉᠅᠊៊ៅៈូ᠃᠋᠕ូោ᠕ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៅៈូ᠊᠀ូ៧᠕᠋᠐᠋ូោ᠕ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ ᠁᠏᠋᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠐᠐᠏ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ ᠐᠅᠊ូ៎᠄័៌᠉᠅᠊៊ៅូ៊ូ᠃᠊᠋ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠁᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠀᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠐ូ᠏᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠊ូ᠂᠅᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠒᠋᠈᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ូ១᠄ូ ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠏᠁᠊᠁᠕ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠁ូ᠌᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠂᠅᠐᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠑᠌᠌᠁៉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁៉ ᠐᠋ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠏᠄᠋᠓᠏ូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁ូូ ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠈᠌᠏ៈូ᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠌᠈᠐᠁᠑᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠋᠐ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠁ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀៉᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃៉᠁᠏᠐᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠐᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠋᠏៊ូ២᠑᠐᠄᠁᠉᠋᠁ៈូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠊ូ᠁᠏᠅᠈᠕ូ᠏᠁᠊᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠊᠐៊ ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠓᠕᠏ូ᠊᠇᠁᠀ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠁ូ᠕ូ᠋᠏᠁᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠋᠈᠀ូ᠏᠐᠈᠁᠏ៈូ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៍៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠅᠊ូ᠑᠌᠌᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠁᠉᠌᠈᠁᠏៊ូ᠃᠊᠋ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូូ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏៊ូ៥᠊ូ ៝ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠌᠌᠁៉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠓᠅᠀᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠊᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ ᠂᠐ៈូ៳᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠈᠕᠉᠌᠅ូ៣᠉᠁᠏ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠄᠁᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៕។៊ូ៳᠁ូ᠁᠈᠅᠁᠒᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ូ᠊᠁᠐᠓᠋᠇ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁᠊᠆᠋᠕ូ᠈᠅᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊ៈូ᠓᠅᠊᠐᠁ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ៈូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ ᠁᠐៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ṯ១᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏ូូ᠓᠄᠋᠈᠁៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁៖ ៲᠅᠏᠅᠐ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠊᠕ៈូ᠂᠐᠋᠕ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ᠃᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ២᠐᠏ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៩᠐᠅᠈ូ៝᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ ⁹៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៖ ៰᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ᠄᠌ៈូ᠇᠁᠊᠀᠋ៈូ៧᠐᠁ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូូូូ ៦᠌᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠏᠅℆៦᠌᠊᠏ូ៥᠊᠂᠈᠑᠁᠊᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ូ᠊᠀ូូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ ᠁᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៍℆ ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠔᠐᠅᠈᠁ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ ៎៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠁᠐៊ ៝ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៉᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ⁹᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៍៎ៈ៑៕្ោ᠐᠋᠐᠈ៅ ṯ១᠔᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂៖ូ៍ៈ៍៑៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូោ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅៈូូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៩᠐᠏᠑᠉᠋᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠈᠁ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠁᠏᠑᠁ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ៕ៈ៏ូូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ៎ៈ៌។៎ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូោ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៲᠋᠑᠈᠕ៅៈូ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠅᠁᠊᠐᠅᠂᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠁᠄᠊᠅᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ ៊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏ ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠑᠋᠐៖ ូ᠂᠁᠓ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៅៈូ ⁹᠐᠊᠁᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ៝᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ ០᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៥᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠕ៅ ៑៌ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូោ៍៓᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៅូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ូោ៍ូ᠕᠁ៅ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ ៏᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠉᠇᠁ូូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ ᠊᠁᠁᠀᠏៊ូ ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠂᠋᠊᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠀᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ ៰᠑᠐᠋ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ូ០᠁᠐᠅᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠃᠁᠏ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠁᠈᠌ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូូ ᠌᠈᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠃᠁ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠈᠁᠀᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄៉᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠌᠁᠂᠋᠉᠊᠁៊ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅ូ᠌᠋᠁᠀᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃៊ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏ៈូ᠉᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូោ៎ៅៈូ᠅᠏ូូ᠈᠏᠏ូ ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠑᠐᠋᠏ូ᠁᠊᠆᠋᠕ូ᠒᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠃᠊᠋ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠁᠌᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ូ ោ័ៅ៥᠉᠌᠋᠐᠊᠐ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁ ℂ៊ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៳᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠑᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៍៎ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠅᠊ូ᠐ូ ᠅᠄ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ៍័ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៎ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠕ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕៊ូូ᠋᠊᠏᠁᠍᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ៈូ᠉᠊᠕ូ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៝᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠇᠁᠁᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠋᠑᠄ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠋ូ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠇ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៊ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁៊ ៝᠈᠏᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏᠇᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ ṫ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ ℃៰᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ៈូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠋᠐᠅᠒᠐᠁ូ ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ០᠅᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ ៝᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠅᠈ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠀៊ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៏៉៍៉៍ូ៝᠏᠄᠅ៈូ៩᠐᠏᠑᠉᠋᠐᠋ៈូ᠃᠊᠋ៈូ៦᠌᠊ៈូូូូូូូូ ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠃᠀᠁᠏៊ូ᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៏៕៌៉។្៎៍ ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠅᠀᠁ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠅᠐᠁᠅៊ ṯ២᠋ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠀᠁᠐᠅᠈᠏ៈូ᠄᠁᠇ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠕᠈᠈᠅ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠓᠁᠏᠅᠐᠁៊ ៰១៨ូ ។៍៉៎្៏៉៏៓៉៎៍៕។ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠏᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊់᠏᠑᠅់ ២៝៴ូូូ។៍៉៎្៏៉៏៓៉៎៍។៍ ᠑᠌᠈᠋᠀់᠌᠀᠂់᠁᠀᠑់៍៌᠋᠑᠏᠁᠈᠈៊᠌᠀᠂ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ ᠅᠁᠇᠋᠋᠇᠁ៜ᠏᠑៉᠋᠏᠅᠏៊᠆᠉៊᠏᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ṯ៵᠋᠑ូ᠊ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊ូ ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ៝៰ូ៰᠋᠉᠋᠊᠋᠅ូោ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ១៉᠉᠅᠈ូ ᠏᠐᠋᠉᠋ៜ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ᾮ៱៨ᾯ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠏᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ ោ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៅ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠏᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊់᠏᠑᠅់ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៧᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ ោ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅ ṫ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ៰᠕᠌᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូូ ᠄᠅᠊᠏᠄᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៶᠁᠊᠇᠋᠑៉᠆᠅ ៝᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏៊ូូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠁ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ៍៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠓᠈᠇ូ ℁᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐ ᠂᠋᠉ូ៩᠐᠏᠑᠉᠋᠐᠋ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ១᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូោ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ២᠁᠁ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៅូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉៖ូ័ៈ៓៌៌᠕᠁᠊់᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ូោ᠁᠔᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠀᠒᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠐ូ᠂᠁᠁ៅ ᠉᠐᠐᠁᠏៊ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូូ៝᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐៖ូ៏៌ៈ៌៌៌᠕᠁᠊់᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ូោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠐ូ᠂᠁᠁ៅ ០᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂៖ ᠋᠂៊ូូ៝៧៝៤៝១ូ៩᠏᠋ ២᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠁ូ᠂᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠅ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂៊ូ៝៰ូ៰᠋᠉᠋᠊᠋᠅ូ ៧᠅᠏᠋៉᠆᠅ ᠋᠋᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠋᠒᠁᠏ូ᠏᠋ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠌᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠏᠐᠐ូូ᠊᠁᠓ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ ᠉᠅᠊᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠕៉᠅᠊ូ᠈᠑᠃᠃᠃᠁៊ Gifu University (Gifu) ṳ ᠑᠏᠄ូ᠑᠌ូ៵᠋᠑ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ៈូ៥᠊᠀᠑᠈᠃᠁ូ៵᠋᠑᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ ṫ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠂᠂ូ℆។៎៑ ṫ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូូូូូូូ℆៑ៈ៓។៑ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ៈូ៍ៈ្័៍᠌᠋᠏᠐៉᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ៈូ ៍៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៍៊ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៍៕៕ូ᠊᠋᠊៉᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁៉᠏᠁᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៗូ៰᠋᠐᠈℆ ៓ៈ្៎៑ ⁹៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠁᠀ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠅᠒᠁ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូោ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠁᠀ូ ៏៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ ᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠊᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠅᠃᠄᠐ូ᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៊ូូ៥᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠄᠏ូូ ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏៊ូូ᠑᠁᠊᠐᠈᠕ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠄᠏ូ᠃᠁᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៏៕ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠉᠇᠁᠏ូ᠅᠐ូ᠌᠋᠏᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠏ូោ៨᠅᠂᠁ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៑ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁᠏ៅ៊ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠅᠊ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូូូូូ℆៏។៑ូោ្៑េូ᠁ូ᠌᠋᠏᠐᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠅᠊ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠁᠏᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠉᠊᠊᠁៊ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ៈូ ៏៌ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊ៅ ⁹៳᠅᠀᠁៉᠊᠃᠅᠊᠃ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏℆៍្ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠑᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠁᠏᠐᠏៊ ៩᠑᠈᠐᠅᠉᠁᠀᠅ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ៨᠅᠕ៈូ᠁᠐៊ៅ៊ូូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠂᠋ូ ⁹៰᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠏ូ᠌᠐᠅᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠍᠑᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏៖ូ្ូោ៎៌៌។ៈូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៏ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠁᠁ ᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠏ូោ᠋᠄ៈូ ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀᠏៊ូូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ៧᠕᠋᠃᠁᠊ៈូ៧᠑᠇᠅ៅៈូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ូោ᠑᠉᠋ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠑᠏᠁᠑᠉᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠁᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅៈូ៓ូោ៎៌៌៕ៈូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៏ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ ᠀᠁᠁᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ១᠔᠁᠈᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠅᠁᠏ ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ៅៈូ៓ូោ៎៌៍៌ៈូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៎ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៍ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠏ូ᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ៅ ⁹᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូោ៣᠑᠆᠋ៈូ៰᠋᠇᠅ៈូ ⁹៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠓᠋៉᠄᠋᠑ូ᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ៈូ ᠁᠐៊ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠅᠃᠄᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ ᠋᠊᠁៉᠄᠋᠑ូ᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៧᠕᠋᠐᠋ូ᠕ូ᠄᠅᠊᠇᠊᠏᠁᠊ ᠑᠈᠈᠁᠐ូ᠐᠅᠊ៈូ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠊᠀ូ៎៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠅᠊ូ᠅᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠃᠋᠕៊ូូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ ᠌᠌᠁᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕᠏ូ᠉᠅᠊ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៵᠊᠃᠅᠀᠋ៈូូ᠏᠑᠑ូ ⁹៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠓᠁᠈᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠌᠐ូ ᠋᠂ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠅᠏ូូូ៏៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁ូ᠑᠏ូ᠅᠀᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊ូូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐᠅᠌ូ᠊᠃᠁᠀ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠁᠇៊ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ៝᠓᠕ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠑᠏᠐᠈᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠋᠅᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᾶ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ᾷ ⁹᠋᠐ូូ᠂᠁᠓ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠂᠅᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠑᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠅᠄ូ᠃᠁᠁᠊᠁᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊ូ᠂᠋᠁᠏᠐᠏ៈូ ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠇ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ៩᠏᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ័᠌᠁᠅᠈ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠊ូ᠅᠀᠁᠈ូ᠌᠈᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ៎៊ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៝᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀℆៍៌ ⁹៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ᠏᠑᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠊᠍᠑᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕៊ ោ១᠉᠏᠏᠕ូ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូ៏ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠉᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠅᠉᠌᠅᠀ូ᠏᠐᠁᠉᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠋᠑᠐᠄៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠋᠉᠉᠁᠊᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊៖ូ័ៈូ᠐᠄᠁᠏៖ូ៏ ៎២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐់᠐᠂᠂ូ᠑᠉᠁᠏ ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូូ᠈᠁᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠁᠊᠅ូ᠁᠑᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠅᠄ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠉᠅᠔᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠉᠋᠀᠁᠊ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁៊ូូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈៉᠇᠊᠋᠓᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠏᠐᠈᠁ូ ៏៊ូ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូូូូូូូូូូូ℆ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠑᠅᠈᠐ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠉᠅᠊᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠈᠋᠀ៈ០៝ ៱៝៣៝៊ ⁹៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ᠕᠁ូ ោ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ៅូូូូូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠁᠀ូ ⁹៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠂᠉᠋᠑᠏ូ᠐᠋᠑᠅᠏᠐ូ᠏᠌᠋᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠐᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄᠅᠊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁ៅូ᠁᠊᠋᠈᠈᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐ូ ᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៰᠇᠕᠉ ᠊᠀ូ៣᠑᠆᠋៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠃ ᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠊᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏℆ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠄᠁᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠑᠕៉᠋᠈᠀ូ᠌᠐᠅᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៱᠇᠅ៈ ᠋᠉᠋᠊᠐ូ ⁹៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋ូ᠀᠋᠑᠈᠁៉᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ ៩᠁᠀᠅᠅᠊᠁ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠁᠀ូ᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠅᠈ូ ᠂᠅᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠏᠁᠒᠈᠁៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូៈូូ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ⁹᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠏ូូ᠒᠅᠁᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠀᠒᠊᠐᠃᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠁᠔᠌᠋᠏᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ⁹៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠁᠋᠊᠀៉᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូោ៎ៅូ ᠋᠂ូូ៲᠁᠐᠁᠅᠊᠕ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូូូូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠑᠉៉᠏᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ័៌៌ៈ៌៌៌ូ᠌᠁᠋᠌᠈᠁ៈូ ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ូោ៦៨៰ៅូ᠋ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠋᠂ូូ០᠑᠃ូ០᠅᠏᠋᠒᠁᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៩᠁᠀᠅᠈ូូូ ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠈᠋᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈ ᠈᠋᠓ូ᠋᠏᠐ូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠀᠁᠉᠋᠊᠏᠐᠐᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠒᠈᠁᠊᠐ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៊ ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠏᠌᠅᠋᠑᠏ៈូ᠁᠑᠐᠅᠂᠑᠈ូ᠊᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠊᠒᠅᠋᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐៊ ័៊ូ᠆᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏ ៓᠑᠆᠁᠐ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ ⁹᠆᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ⁹៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠐᠑᠃᠄᠐ូ᠌᠁ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូោ᠋᠊᠁ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ⁹᠁᠃᠑᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠅᠉ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌ូ ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៕៌ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ៅ៊ ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូោ៦៨៰ូ៍ូ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠒᠁ៅូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠋᠒᠁᠈᠈ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ⁹១᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូោ៝᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូៅូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៍៑ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇᠏៊ ᠏᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠁᠈ូ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ ⁹᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏℆ ័៌ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ូ ᠋᠂ូ᠃᠉᠉ៈូ᠒᠋᠑᠈᠕ៈូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ ⁹៰᠅᠐᠈᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠊᠃᠁៊ ⁹᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏៊ ⁹៥᠊᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠂᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠄᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ᾶ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូោ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅᾷ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠉᠌᠁᠄᠁᠊᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ៈូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ ៑᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ៈូ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ᠊᠀ូ ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍⅊ ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ូ៏៍ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᠑᠆᠁᠐ ៝᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ ᠌᠅᠊᠃ ᠑᠐᠋᠐᠈ ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ ᠂᠋ ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏៊ ោ᠋᠊᠂᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐៊ូ ៑ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ៥᠊ូ៎៌៌៕ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ូ᠓᠏ូ᠄᠁᠈᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁៊ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ᠁᠃᠑᠈ៅ ៉ ៑ូោ៑᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ោ៑᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ⁹᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠉᠌᠋᠕ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ៈូ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ្៊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠐᠑᠁ ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ៰᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠅᠂᠑៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠕ ᠅᠉ូ ⁹៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠕᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៉ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠋᠑᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠋᠉᠌᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ ⁹᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠋ ᠇᠊᠋᠓ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ ᠏᠅᠉᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠉᠋᠊᠃ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏៊ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠋᠏᠐ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃់᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ោ᠈ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠀᠑᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠋᠊᠁៉᠕᠁ូ᠏᠐᠕ូ᠐ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ ⁹᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៎ូោ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠁᠋᠃᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ ⁹᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ ᠏᠅᠉᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ ᠀᠅᠏᠑᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠉᠌᠋᠕ូ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៉ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ូូ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠅᠁᠐᠕ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠋᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៩᠋᠀᠁᠊᠅᠖᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៉ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠓᠁᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠐᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃៊ូូ៥᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ᠋᠏᠏៉᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠄᠋᠓ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠋᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏៊ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៉ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᾶ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ៰᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៎៌៍៌ᾷ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៰᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ⁹᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠓᠏᠐᠁ូ᠀᠅᠏᠌᠋᠏᠈ូ᠉᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ ៉ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠐᠕ ⁹᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠋᠑᠒᠁᠊᠅ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៧᠋᠁ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ ៉ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៎᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊ ⁹៝᠐᠐᠐᠅᠒᠁᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠅᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠊᠅᠉᠐᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠈᠉᠏ូ᠉᠀᠁ូ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ ៍ូោ៍᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ៍ូោ៍᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ័᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ⁹០᠑៉᠁᠂᠋᠉᠁᠊ ᠋ូ᠕᠋᠑៉᠁᠂᠋᠉ ⁹៱᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠅᠉᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠊᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁᠏ូ ៍៎ូ ៕ូ ៎៍ូ ⁹៲᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠌᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠇᠐᠇᠊ូ᠈᠋᠊ូ᠓᠋᠀᠏ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈ ᾶ៳᠀᠅᠇᠋ ោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ០᠑᠉ៅូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ᾷ ោ៍៕᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ោ៎៍᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ោ័៌᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ៅ ⁹᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠊ូ᠆᠑᠒᠁᠊᠅᠈᠁ូ᠀᠁᠈᠅᠊᠍᠑᠁᠊᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠄᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊ ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ ៕១᠒᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠁᠀᠑᠈᠁ ṫ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁᠀ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៈូ᠀᠁᠃᠁᠁៉᠏᠁᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ ᠐៊ូូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៝᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៈូ᠌᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៈូូូ ⁹៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠓᠏ូ᠑᠅᠈᠐ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠐᠇᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠈᠏᠏ូ᠐᠐ ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូ᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠌᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៈូ ᠋᠒៊ូូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ២᠁᠏᠐᠅᠒᠈ ⁹៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ᠀᠁᠌᠁᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊ូ ៦᠊៊ូូូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠅᠏ូ៰᠋᠌᠅ ᠊᠃᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠒᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏៊ ៝᠌៊ូូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ ៦᠑᠊៊⅊៦᠑᠈៊ ᠋᠐᠐᠁᠕៉᠉᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠑᠉᠋ូ᠓᠐᠄᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠄ៈ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៧᠕᠋᠃᠁᠊ ᠊᠀ូ៳᠀᠅᠇᠋ូ០᠑᠉ូ᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠅᠁ ។᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ ័ូ᠂᠈᠋᠋᠏ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៝ៅៈូ៑ូ᠂᠈᠋᠋᠏ូោ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូៅ ៦᠑᠈៊ូូូ៧᠑᠇᠅ ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ៳᠐᠄᠅᠊᠃ ⁹៰᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋᠈᠈᠋᠓᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏℆ ្៕ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ៈូ៍័ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ៝᠑᠃៊ូូ᠑᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠋᠊᠂᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូោ៥ៅូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ ᠉᠅᠁᠀ូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ៈូ៓ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠄᠅᠈᠀᠁᠊៊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠉᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ ᠓᠁᠈᠂᠁ូ᠐ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ⁹៥᠂ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕ៈូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ᠊᠀ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠏᠅᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊៊ ᠄᠅᠁᠂ូ᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ ᠉᠁ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ᠋᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ ១᠔᠌᠁᠐᠅᠏᠁ ៤៰៝ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ៥ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៰᠇᠇᠋ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᾶ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐ូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ៨᠅᠕ᾷ ᾶ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ᾷ ៩៥៰៝ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ៥ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៧᠋᠅᠄᠅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ ៍៌᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊់᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូូ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ṫ២᠋ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ ៰៱៤៥៵៝ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ⁹᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠅᠏ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠑᠌᠋᠊ូ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៥ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠂᠂᠅᠁ៈូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ៩᠋᠉᠋᠇᠋ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូោ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ៅ៊ូូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏℆៍៉៍ូ៵᠊᠃᠅᠀᠋ៈូ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ᠅᠐᠕ៈូ ៍៍᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠋᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៑៌៍៉៍៍៕៏ូ៦៝៝ ⁹᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠌᠋᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠊᠃᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠊᠁᠃᠋᠐᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠄᠋᠊᠁℆ ះ។៍៉៑។៉៎៕៏៉៎៍័្ូោ០᠅᠁᠐ៅូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៃូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៊ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠃᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ២᠔℆ ះ។៍៉៑។៉៎៕៏៉៎៍័៏ ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠏᠁᠒᠁ូ᠏ូ᠏᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂៊ ១៉᠉᠅᠈℆᠀᠅᠁᠁᠊᠐ៜ᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋᠏ ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ៩៥៰៝ៈូ៧᠋᠅᠄᠅៖ូ᠉᠋᠅᠐᠇ៜ᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៝᠏᠏᠋᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ៰៱៤៥៵៝ៈូ៩᠋᠉᠋᠇᠋៖ូ ᠉᠋᠉᠋᠇᠋᠐ៜ᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៥ូ៱៨℆ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៍៊᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠏់᠆᠌់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៊᠄᠐᠉᠈ ៣᠅᠂᠑ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៱៨៖ូូូូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ៱៨៖ូូូូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៍៊᠃᠅᠂᠑៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠅᠏់᠁᠊់᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ ᾶ៵᠑᠇᠐ូ᠏᠑᠉᠉᠁ូ᠋᠐᠐᠋᠊ូ᠇᠅᠉᠋᠊᠋ ᠊᠀ូ៳᠀᠅᠇᠋ ᾶ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៎៌៍៌ᾷ ់᠆᠌᠌᠋᠃᠉់ ោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ០᠑᠉ៅូ១᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ᾷ Shizuoka University ṳ Japanese Studies Program consisting of Japanese Language Studies, Japanese Culture Studies, Individual Research and Extracurricular Activities. ៏៊ូ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ṫ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠈᠅᠉᠐᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠉᠅᠈᠀ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄᠋᠑᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠕᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠕᠋᠑ូ᠊ូ ᴏ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ ᠏᠁᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠄᠅᠈᠈᠏᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠃᠋᠒᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠉᠊᠀᠅᠊ូ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ᠑᠉᠁ូូ ᠋᠊᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠁᠁᠊ូ᠐᠁ូ᠌᠈᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠁ូ ៨᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ០᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇᠏ូ᠌᠅᠊᠅᠌᠈ូ᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠌᠋᠀᠑᠐᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ ᠋᠂ូ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៈូ᠅᠊᠋᠌᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៤᠅᠃᠄ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៤᠇᠋᠊᠁ូ២᠑᠆᠅ូ៥᠖᠑ ᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ ᠄᠋᠋᠈ៈូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៰᠁᠄᠁៉៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠑᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ៝᠈᠌᠏ូ᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠇៊ូូ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ᠄᠅᠈᠋᠏᠋᠌᠄᠅᠈ូ ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ᮐ᠊᠀ ᮑៈូូ៵᠋᠑᠊᠃ូ៰᠁᠄᠁៉៰᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠄᠋᠐ូ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃᠏ៈូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠖᠑ ᠁᠊᠅᠊᠏᠑᠈ៈូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠉᠉᠐᠏᠑ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៰᠁᠄᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូ ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠐᠐᠐ូ᠐᠋᠑᠅᠏᠐᠏៊ូ ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠓᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ៩᠕ូ៏៍ៈូ᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠊ៈូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ៈូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠈ូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ and Culture ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠀᠁᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠏ូ᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁᠀ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ ៍៊ូ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៖ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠂᠋᠉᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠑᠊᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏៖ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠏᠅᠊ូ ᠉᠌᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៝᠁៊ូូូ ៎៊ូ᠄᠐᠁᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ⅊ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠅᠔ូ᠂᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏℆ ៳᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠏᠉᠈᠈ូ᠃᠋᠑᠌ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠋᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈ ᠁᠄ូ᠑᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠀᠅᠏᠅᠌᠈᠅᠊᠕ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៊ូូ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ៈូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ ៰᠄᠁᠁ូ᠁ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁᠏ូោ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ២᠁᠑᠕ូ ᠊᠀ូ ᠅᠁᠊᠁ៈូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠃᠅᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠏៊ ᠊᠀ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈ ោ៎ៅ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូោ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐ៅ៊ូូ១᠄ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ូ᠄᠏ូ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ ១᠑᠋៉៝᠉᠁᠅᠊ូ ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠂᠂℆។៎៓ ᠌᠋᠃᠉᠏ូ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏℆។ៈ។៑័ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ៅូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏℆៍ៈ្៌៎ ោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៅៈូ᠅᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠓᠋᠇៊ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ ោ៏ៅ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូោូ៝᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌ូៅ ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠉᠕ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠋᠌᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏℆៏៎៑ូោូ៎្ូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូៅ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠂᠁᠁ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ ᴐ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏℆៎ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠂ូ᠊᠁᠁᠏᠏᠕៊ូូ៥᠊᠐᠄᠅᠏ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠓᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁ូូ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៍᠏᠐ូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌᠐᠄ូ៎៌៍៎៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠈᠈ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ ោ័ៅ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ ᠋᠊᠁៉᠐᠋៉᠋᠊᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐់᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ ᠁ូ᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠓᠁᠁᠇ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠑᠃᠑᠏᠐៊ៅ ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ៤᠋᠊᠏᠄᠑ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠏᠈᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᴑ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ ᠄᠅᠌᠁᠈᠃᠋ៈូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៰᠋᠇᠕᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠇៊ូូ៥᠐ូ Ṫ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ ᠌᠋᠏᠌᠁᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠏᠐᠐᠁᠃᠅ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ ោ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៅ ᠌᠋᠅᠊᠐ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៰᠋᠇᠅᠀᠋ ᠋᠑᠐᠁៊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៎ូោ១᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ៅ℆៩᠏᠐᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠁᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠃᠉᠉ូ ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠃᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠋᠏᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠁᠔᠐᠁᠊᠀᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ៈូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠃᠃᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠏᠅᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠖᠑ ᠁᠊᠅᠊᠏᠑᠈ូ᠐᠋ូ᠑᠑᠃ូ᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠐ៈូ᠏᠅᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠏᠁᠊᠐᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ូ ១᠊᠏᠄᠑ូ᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠂᠅ូ᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠋᠑᠐᠄ៈូ᠊᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏ូោ៨᠋᠓᠁៉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ៅ℆៩᠏᠐᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ᠃᠉᠉ៈូ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ᠊᠀ ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠀᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐᠄᠁᠊ូ៝᠈᠌᠏ៈូ ᠒᠋᠑᠈᠕ូ᠐ូូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ៈូ᠁᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠌᠁᠇᠏ូ᠐᠄᠐ូ᠋᠂᠐᠁᠊ូ᠅᠏᠁ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ៏ៈ៌៌៌ូ ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូូូ ᠉᠁᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠏᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈៊ ᠋᠊᠒᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠁᠀ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠐ូ᠉᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠃᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ᠊᠐᠑᠁៊ូូូ Ṫ᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័ូោ៱᠌᠌᠁៉᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ៅ℆៩᠏᠐᠁᠅᠊᠃ូ ᾶ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠈᠏᠏ូ៤᠋᠑᠏ᾷ ᴏ᠋᠅᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូᴐ᠄᠅᠈᠋᠏᠋᠌᠄᠅᠈ូ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ ᠃᠉᠉ៈូ៧᠊᠆᠅ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠒᠋᠑᠈᠕ូ᠐ូ ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ᡒ៍៑ូ᠏᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏℉៏៌ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ៅ ᴑ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ៝᠊᠐᠄᠋᠌᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕ូូᴒ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ ᠄᠅᠃᠄ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ៈូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ ᴓ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠏᠅᠊ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូូ᠈᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠏᠑᠂᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠐ូ᠂᠋ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ ᴔ᠋᠉᠌᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ ᴕ១᠑᠋᠌᠁᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠉᠁᠅᠊ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈៊ូ ᠁᠋᠊᠀ ២᠅᠏᠐ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ⅊៝᠀᠒᠊᠁ៅ ᠐᠋᠐᠈ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑ូោ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ៅ℆០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ំ᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠄᠋᠏᠁᠊ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ᠋᠉᠉᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋៊ ៦᠌ូ ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ᠏᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៕៌ ៕៌ ៍។៌ ៎ ᴒ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ Ṫ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁់៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៣᠉᠉ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂℆៝ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠏ូ ោ១᠈᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏ៅ ៦᠌ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠉᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠂᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠊ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠃᠑᠅᠀᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ᮐ⅊ᮕ℆០᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៲᠋᠑᠈᠕ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ៏ ᠄᠅᠉់᠄᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊៊ូូ ᠋᠉᠉᠊᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ ោ᠊᠁ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ៅូូូ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូែូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ 30 30 60 ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂℆័ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៖ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៣᠉᠉ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ៈូូ᠋᠑᠊᠏᠁᠈᠋ូ᠊᠀ូូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ ៦᠌ូ ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៲᠋᠑᠈᠕ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ័ ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏៊ ᠁᠏᠌᠋᠊᠏᠅᠈᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠁ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂℆ ៥᠄᠅᠇᠓ូ៧᠅᠕᠋᠆᠅ូ៩᠊᠃᠁ូ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ូែូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ 30 30 60 ᠋᠂ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠂᠂᠅᠏ូ᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ៦᠌ូ ᴓ២᠅᠁᠈᠀ូ៳᠋᠇ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ ៑ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠃᠐᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៏៌ ៏៌ ្៌ ៥᠊᠀᠅᠒᠅᠀᠑᠈᠈᠕ូ᠀᠁᠐᠁᠉᠅᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐៊ ំ᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠐᠁᠏᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠆᠑᠀᠃᠁ូូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᴔ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊℆ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠋᠊᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ ᠄᠒᠁ូូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៊ូូ᠊ូ᠁᠍᠑᠁᠏᠐ៈូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ ូូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠓᠋᠇ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ់ូ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠐᠁᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ ᠁᠋᠊᠀ ២᠅᠏᠐ ᠐᠄᠊ូ។៌េូូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠄ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠌᠏᠏᠁᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ោ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ៅ ᠐᠋᠐᠈ ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ ᠂᠅᠊᠈ូ᠁᠔᠉᠅᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ៦᠌ᮐ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌ᮑ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូែូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌ᮒ ᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌ᮓ ៨᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូែូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ 30 30 ៦᠌ᮔ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូែូ᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌ᮕ ᠐᠅᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ៏៌ ៏៌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ 30 30 ṫ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ᴕ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូូូូ ោ៍ៅូ᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠕ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ᠄᠏ូូ᠀᠅᠌᠈᠋᠉᠐᠅ូ ៰᠄᠁ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ៦᠌᠊៊ ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁᠏ូ ោ៎ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠋᠊ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៎ៈូូ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ូូ៰᠄᠁ូ᠉᠔᠅᠉᠑᠉ូ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ ៍៕។៍ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៍ៈូ៍៕៕៏៊ ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠕᠁៊ ោ៏ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ ០᠑᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠏᠐᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠈᠈ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠅᠀᠁ូ៦᠌᠊ូូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠉᠆᠋ូ᠁᠈᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁៊ ⁹᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូោូ៓៉៏៌ៈូ៝᠊᠀᠋ូ៍៉ ោ័ៅូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ៖ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠄᠋᠉᠁ៈូ៝᠋᠅៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៉᠏᠄᠅ៅ ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀ូ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូោ៝᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠑᠈᠕ូោ᠂᠋ូ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐ូ᠈᠁᠏᠐ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ៎ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠐᠋᠁ូ᠋᠑᠌᠊᠕ៅូ᠊᠀ូ២᠁᠑᠕ូោ᠂᠋ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂᠅᠅᠁᠊᠕ូ៰᠁᠏᠐ៅ៊ ᠋᠑᠌᠊᠕ៅ៊ ោ៑ៅូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠉᠑᠏᠐ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ ᠁᠊᠐់ ៰᠕᠌᠁ូ ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ ៝᠁ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៍᠏᠐ូ᠊᠀ូ៓᠐᠄ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠋᠁ៈូ៎៌៍៍៊ ᠉᠋᠊᠐᠄ូ ᬌោ៍ៅូ᠋᠈᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ᠏᠁᠒᠅᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠉᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠉᠌᠈᠋᠕᠁᠁᠏ូ ᠁ូ᠑᠊᠁᠌᠐᠈᠁៊ ᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ ៍៑៊័៌ ᠠ ៑ៈ៕៌៌ ᬌោ៎ៅូ៥᠂ូ᠊ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐ូ᠊ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠅᠒᠁ូ᠐ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠋᠒᠁ូ᠀᠐᠁ៈូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠁᠌᠐᠊᠁ូ᠉᠕ូ᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁ូ ៏៓៊៎្ ᠠ ៍៍ៈ៕៌៌ ᠊᠁᠈᠈᠁᠀៊ូ ᬌោ៏ៅ៝ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠅᠏ូ ២᠉᠅᠈᠕ូ ៑៑៊។៕ ᠠ ៍័ៈ៎៌៌ ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁᠌᠐᠈᠁៊ូ ᬌោ័ៅ៝ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠏ូ᠓᠀᠁᠀ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠏᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠁ូ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀ូ᠑᠊᠈᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏ូ᠈᠏᠐ូ᠏᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ ᠓᠏ូ᠃᠊᠐᠁᠀ូ᠁᠂᠋᠁ូ᠐᠋᠁ូ៎៌៌។៊ូ ᴖ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ ៝᠈᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠁᠅᠊᠃៊ ṫ ᠋᠊᠐᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ ។៏្ូ᠄᠕ៈូ᠑᠑᠃៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៉᠏᠄᠅ៈូ ័៎៎៉។៑៎៕ូូ៦៝៝ូូ ៰១៨៖ូ៌៑័៉៎៏។៉័៎្៌ូូូ២៝៴៖ ៌៑័៉៎៏។៉៑៌័៍ ៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠃᠁ូ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠏᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៊៊᠆᠌ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠅᠏᠑៊᠏᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៊៊᠆᠌ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ់ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ៧᠋᠊᠊᠋ូ៧᠅᠓᠄᠅᠐᠋៖ ᠆᠆᠇᠇᠋᠊᠊ៜ᠅᠌៊᠏᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៊៊᠆᠌ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋ូ់ូ᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠋ូ ៤᠏᠓ូូ៥᠐᠏᠑᠋៖ូ᠇᠅᠄᠏ៜ᠅᠌៊᠏᠄᠅᠖᠑᠋᠇៊៊᠆᠌ ᠃᠋᠕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ ១᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁᠏ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠂᠑᠈ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ៈូ᠂᠐᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠅ូ᠓᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូូ᠌᠌᠁ ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉᠐᠅᠈᠈᠕ ṫ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ៃ᠏ូ᠋᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ṫ᠑᠐᠈᠅᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠃᠋᠕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁ូ៝᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ ៎៌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠊᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠁᠊᠐ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូូូ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠄᠅᠃᠄᠁ូ᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠊᠁᠓᠏᠌᠌᠁ូ᠐᠅᠈᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠀᠅᠋៉᠒᠅᠏᠑᠈ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏៊ ៦᠌᠊៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ ៎៊ូ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁៖ ោ័ៅ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠁ ១᠄ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁᠏ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠅᠊ូូូ ᠌᠋᠌᠑᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠉᠋᠁ូ᠐᠄᠊ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠉᠅᠈᠈᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ៈូ ២᠋᠉ូ᠐᠋᠁៍ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៏៌ៈូ៎៌៍៎ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠂᠑᠈ូ᠏᠑᠌᠁᠒᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ᠅᠊᠀᠑᠏᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠊᠐᠈ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠏ូ ៏៊ូ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠁᠂ ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋᠏ៈូ᠂᠐᠁ូូ᠈᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠅᠐᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠅᠄᠅ូ᠁᠂᠁᠐᠑᠁៊ូ៥᠐᠏ូ᠄᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ ោ៍ៅ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ ᠏᠅ូ᠓᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូូ᠌᠌᠁ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉᠐᠅᠈᠈᠕៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ ᠀᠐᠁᠏ូ᠇ូ᠐᠋ូ៍។៓៍ូ᠓᠄᠁᠊ូូ᠉᠁᠀᠅᠈ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠊᠀ូូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠂᠋ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ ᠌᠌᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠊᠀ូ᠌᠑᠈᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ ᠄᠋᠏᠌᠅᠐᠈ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀៊ូ៝᠂᠐᠁ូ᠉᠊᠕ូ᠒᠅᠅᠏᠏᠅᠐᠑᠀᠁᠏ៈូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠏᠁᠀ូ᠋᠊ូ᠋᠑ូ᠏᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉᠐᠅ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ៈ ᠁᠄ូ᠕᠁៊ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠓ូ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូូ᠏᠐᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠂᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠊ូ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠈ ៍៕័៕៊ូ៰᠋᠀᠕ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠉᠌᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ៕ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ៈូ ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠀᠁᠒᠁᠈᠋᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ ័៊ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៣᠑᠅᠀᠊᠁ ៍៏ូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ៈូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ៨᠅᠕ៈូ៏ូ ᠑᠐᠄᠁᠊᠐᠅ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈៊ ោ៍ៅ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠁ូ ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ៥᠊᠏᠐᠅᠐᠑᠐᠁᠏ៈូ៍៓ូ᠋᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ ោ៎ៅ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠋᠕ូ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ៰᠓᠋ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠀᠅᠊᠐᠋᠏ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠊ូូូ ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠅᠖᠁᠀ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄៊ូ៰᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ ᴏ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ᮐោ᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ᮑោ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ូ ᠋᠊᠏᠅᠏᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៍្ៈ្៌។ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ៍ៈ៑៌៍ ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ោ៎ៅ៣᠁᠊᠁᠈ូ៝᠀᠒᠅᠁ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ៈ្។៓ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠏᠐᠂᠂ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ូ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᴐ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ᮐោ᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ៝ូ᠋᠒᠁᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏ូ ៩᠕ូ៍ៈូ៎៌៍៌៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠄᠏ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ៈូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ᮑោ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠊᠁᠁᠀ូ᠅᠏᠁᠏៊ ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ ᴑ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ᮐោ᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠄᠉᠁᠅᠇᠊៊ូ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូᮑ ោ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ៑៊ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᴒ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ᮐោ᠑᠐᠑᠉᠊ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ᮑ ោ᠏᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠁ូ᠈᠈ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠉᠌᠑᠈᠏᠋᠕ូ᠏᠑᠆᠁᠐᠏៊ ោ៏ៅ᠋᠆᠁᠐ូ៳᠋᠇ ្៊ូ᠑᠈᠅᠂᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠌᠈᠅᠊᠐᠏៊ ៎ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ូោ៑៌ៅូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᠋᠊᠁᠐᠁៉᠁᠅᠊᠂᠋᠁᠀ូ៏៉᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁៖ ោ៍ៅ៰᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠄᠒᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋ូូូូ ១᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠁᠀ៈូ᠓᠀᠋᠁ៈូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ៈ ្៌ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ោ៍៑ ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈ូ᠋᠂ូ᠅᠈᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូូូ ᠄᠅ៈូ᠋᠋᠇᠏᠄᠁᠈᠂ៈូ᠅៉᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋ៈូ᠏᠄᠋᠁ូ᠋᠔៊ូូូូូូូូ ១᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊᠁᠐᠐᠁ៈូ᠑᠊᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄ៈូូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ៈូ᠈᠋᠑᠊᠃᠁ៈូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊᠏ៈូ᠈᠑᠊᠀᠕ូូ ᠁᠀ៈូ᠓᠀᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠄᠋᠁ូ᠅᠊᠁᠐ៈូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ៈូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ᠈᠉᠌ៈូូ ោ៎ៅ៰᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠉᠆᠋᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូូូ ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៉᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠁៊ូ ᠄᠅ៈូ᠅៉ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋ៈូ᠉᠅᠋᠓᠒᠁ៈូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូូ᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠋᠈᠋᠃᠕៊ ោ៎ៅ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ៤᠅᠃᠏᠄᠅᠕᠉ោ᠋᠊ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៅ ᠑᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠊᠀᠋᠓ូ᠏᠁᠁᠊᠏៊ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៍ូ២᠑᠋៉᠄᠋ៈូ᠄᠅᠇᠑᠏៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠃᠋᠕ូ័្័៉៌។៍័ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠌᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠈᠑᠊᠀᠕ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូូូ ៓៊ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ៰᠊᠏᠂᠁ ៰᠁᠈៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉៓។៕៉៎៍៕៓ ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠁ូ᠁᠐៊ ៝᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠊᠏᠅᠌᠐ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠅᠏᠏᠑᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠋᠊᠁᠐᠁៉᠁᠅᠊᠂᠋᠁᠀ូ្ៈូ៓ូ᠊᠀ូ។៉᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ៎៉ ោ℀ៅ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠄᠉᠁᠅᠇᠊ ោ៍៌᠉᠅᠊៊᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠋᠐ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏៊ូ០᠁᠅᠏᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ ᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠑᠅᠈᠀᠅᠊᠃៖ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៍្៑៉៍ូ៰᠇᠉᠅᠊᠁៉᠄᠋ ᠄᠋᠓៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠃᠋᠕ូ ᠁᠃᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠐᠊᠏᠂᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠉᠀᠁ូ ៕៑ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ូោ៍៓ៅ ័្្៉៌។៍៍ ᠋᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠁᠅ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ ៎៌ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ូោ៏័ៅ ៰᠁᠈៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉។៏៎៉៎៓៏្ ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕៊ ៎៌ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូោ៏័ៅ ᠋᠊᠁᠐᠁៉᠁᠅᠊᠂᠋᠁᠀ូ៕៉᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁៖ ៎ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄᠁᠏ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠅᠁᠏ូោ៑៍ៅ ្៌ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ោ៍៏ ១᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊᠁᠐᠐᠁ៈូ᠑᠊᠅᠐ូ᠐᠄ៈូ ១᠄ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠂᠑᠊᠅᠏᠄᠁᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ៈូ᠄᠅ៈូ᠅៉ ᠁᠀ៈូ᠓᠀᠋᠁ៈូ᠈᠋᠏᠁᠐ៈូ᠀᠁᠏᠇ៈូ᠄᠅ៈូ᠅៉᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈ ᠋᠊᠀᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊᠁ៈូ᠁᠀ៈូ᠓᠀᠋᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠄᠋᠁ូ᠋᠔ៈូ ṫ៤᠋᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ ោ៍ៅ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៤᠋᠑᠏᠁ ᠁᠂᠅᠃᠁᠐᠋ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠄᠋᠁ូ᠋᠔៊ ᠅᠊᠁᠐ៈូ᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠌᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁ូ᠐᠈᠁ៈូ᠐᠄ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋᠅᠈᠁᠐ៈូ ោ៏៑ូ᠉᠅᠊᠑᠐᠁᠏ូ᠕ូ᠏᠑᠓᠕ៅូូូូូូូ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ᠈᠋᠑᠊᠃᠁ៈូ᠈᠅᠕ៈូ᠉᠁᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁៉ ᠑᠐᠅᠊᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠊᠀᠋᠓ូ᠏᠁᠁᠊᠏៊ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៎៉៎៏ូ៰᠋᠏᠁᠅៉᠄᠋ៈូ᠄᠋᠓៉᠇᠑ៈូូ ᠏᠐᠕᠈᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠈᠑᠊᠀᠕ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠌᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠋᠂᠂᠅᠁៊ ២᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏៖ូ᠉᠑᠈᠐᠅៉᠌᠑᠌᠋᠏᠁ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូ᠈᠑᠊᠀᠕ូ᠋᠋᠉ៈូូូ ᠃᠋᠕ូ័្្៉៌៌៎្ ោៅ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁ូ៵᠉᠐᠁ ោ៍៌᠉᠅᠊៊᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋᠋᠐ៅ ᠇᠅᠐᠄᠁᠊ៈូ᠈᠅᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠋᠋᠉ូ᠁᠐៊ ៰᠁᠈៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉។៑៏៉៎៕៌៍ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ៍្៑៉៍ូ៰᠇᠉᠅᠊᠁៉᠄᠋ ᠄᠋᠓៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠃᠋᠕ូ ័៕ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ᠌᠁᠏᠋᠊᠏ូោ៍៎៊៑ៅូ ័្្៉៌។៍៍ ៑ូ᠋᠋᠉᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ᠋᠑᠌᠈᠁᠏ោ៏៑ៅូ ៰᠁᠈៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉។៏៑៉៑៑៓៑ូ ṫ᠋᠊᠐᠐ ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៈូ ᠃᠋᠕ូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐ⅅ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូ ២᠑᠋៉᠄᠋ៈូ᠄᠅᠇᠑᠏᠇᠑ៈូ᠃᠋᠕ូ័្័៉។្៌៍ូ ៦៝៝ូូូូូូូូូ ៰᠁᠈៊៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉៓។៕៉៎៍៕។ូូ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉ោ៌ៅ៑៎៉៓។៕៉៑៍៌៌ូូូូូូ ៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠃᠁៖ូូ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠊᠃᠋᠕៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់᠁᠊់ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠀᠒᠅᠏᠋ូ១៉៩᠅᠈ូ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ូូូូូូូូ ៩᠋᠉᠅᠕᠉ ៵᠋᠏᠑᠇᠁ ᠆័្៌។៏ៜ᠊᠑៊៊᠊᠃᠋᠕៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ូូ ៱᠇᠅ ៩᠏᠄᠅᠇ ᠆័្៌។័ៜ᠊᠑៊៊᠊᠃᠋᠕៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ Mie University (Mie) ṳ Aims and Features of the Course * This course is for international students who intend to do research work on Japan or on Japanese language in the future. * Intensive study of upper intermediate and advanced levels of Japanese in appropriate classes. * Acquire basic research method in their major fields of study in tutorials by the academic advisors. * Gain cross-cultural understanding through various experiences with Japanese and international students/residents in the local community ṫUniversity Overview Mie ṫAround University ṪMie University consists of five undergraduate ṪTsu city is the prefectural capital of Mie faculties (Humanities, Education, Medicine, prefecture with a population of 290,000. It is Engineering and Bioresources) and six graduate comfortable to live in with a mild climate schools including Graduate School of Regional Tsu throughout the year. It is convenient as well, Innovation studies. The campus is located in Tsu takes one and a half hours to Osaka, two hours to city, blessed with an excellent natural environment Kyoto and three hours to Tokyo. facing the beach on the east and the Suzuka Kyoto Osaka Tokyo Mountains on the north-west. ṪMie prefecture is known for its rich history and culture. Even a poem from Manyoshu, an ṪNumber of Students and Staff Nagoya anthology of poetry, compiled as early as in the Number of Undergraduates: 6,167 8th century referred to Mie. Shiosai, a novel Number of Graduate Students: 1,253 written by Yukio Mishima, is set in Kamijima Number of Teaching Staff: 755 Island of Mie. Matsuo Basho, a great haiku poet, Number of International Students: 220 was born in this district and Riichi Yokomitsu, (from 20 countries) known as “God of Literature”, spent his junior (as of May 1, 2010) high school days here. Ṫ Mie University has partner-university or ṪIt is also known for its rich historical spots partner-faculty academic exchange agreements and resort areas. Historical architectures such as with 64 foreign universities for advancement of Ise Shrine, old towns and streets have been well the exchange of students, researchers, and preserved. Kumano-kodo (the ancient road) was academic information. registered as a World Heritage Site in July 2004. ṪNumber of Students in JLCS (including students ṪSuzuka Circuit is referred to as the “Holy from overseas institutions with exchange place of Japanese motorsports” and the site of agreements) the Japanese Formula 1 Grand Prix. This event Year 2008: 4 Students attracts fans from all over the world. Year 2009: 5 Students Year 2010: 4 Students Center for International Education and Research (University Research Hall II) ṫCourse Overview Goals of Each Course Compulsory Classes in Advanced Course ℈Upper Intermediate Courseℊ (30 Hours per Each Course) Ṫ Name of the Course Acquire a high level of reading/ listening comprehension Reading & Writing Japanese Language and Culture Studies Course at the and writing ability necessary for university education. Goals: Read journal articles to study the basis of Center for International Education and Research (CIER), Vocabulary: Approx. 6,000 – 8,000 words academic writings. Mie University Kanji: Approx. 1,000 – 1,500 letters Study how to write a research paper. ṪContents of the Course ℈Advanced Courseℊ Listening comprehension 3 Acquire a high level of Japanese language ability Goals: Acquire the ability to comprehend practical Number of students to be accepted: 5 necessary for studies in major fields. Japanese through TV programs and to use those Vocabulary: Approx. 8,000 10,000 words expressions properly. Duration: From October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012 Kanji: Approx. 1,500 2,000 letters Japanese Culture & society 2 The first half of the course (October - March) Goals: Read materials about various topics related Should be meet both of the follows: Office Hours of Teaching Staff University Foreign Student’s House (gender-mixed, (1) Undergraduate students (in the second year or above) The five CIER faculty members have 2.5-office hours a 30 single rooms: 5,900 JPY per month, and 5 rooms at a home institution who major in Japanese language, week. Anyone who has questions on Japanese classes or for married couples: 11,900 JPY per month), Foreign education and culture. has problems is encouraged to visit. You can also call for Student’s Dormitory (gender-mixed, 52 single rooms: (2) Students who passed the Japanese Language an appointment to meet some other times. 13,000 JPY per month and 8 rooms for 4 persons: Proficiency Test Level 2 or have the ability equivalent 6,500 JPY per month per person) and Women’s to it. (Those who have mastered 4,000 to 6,000 words, Japanese Language Study Support Program Dormitory for International Students (25 single 600 to 800 Kanji or more.) (Terakoya) rooms: approx. 8,000 JPY (April 1st, 2011~) allocated CIER introduces Japanese student volunteers to for international students) offer adequate housing for Ṫ Teaching staff international students who are taking Japanese language students in this program. courses at CIER. Volunteers help international students Teaching Staff: practice what they have learned in classes. An *Students lived in the dormitories in this program Four full-time CIER faculty members international student pairs with a Japanese student. Year 2008 – 4 Students Supporting Teaching Staff: Year 2009 – 5 Students Five CIER part-time instructors Computers Year 2010 – 4 Students Supporting Faculties: Latest model computers with CALL system are available Five undergraduate faculties (Humanities, Education, in the computer room of CIER for all students. Besides ṫFor Further Inquiry Medicine, Engineering and Bioresources) using in classes, all students can use computers for the internet and to write papers with provided user account. International Relations Office, Mie University Full-time CIER Faculty Members Address: 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho,Tsu, Mie, and their Research Fields Study Room for CIER Students 514-8507 JAPAN This room is for CIER students including JLCS. With 6 Phone: +81-59-231-9721 Ms. Makiko Hanami (Professor): computers in the room, they can spend their time freely for Fax: +81-59-231-5692 Cultural anthropology, cross-cultural education their study or research. E-mail: [email protected] Ms. Michiko Yoshii (Professor): http://www.cie.mie-u.ac.jp/ International cooperation, civil society Second Home (host family) Program Ms. Masako Fukuoka (Professor): International students may apply to have a host family to TJFL, phonetics, second language acquisition visit and have fun with on weekends and holidays. Ms. Chizuko Matsuoka (Associate Prof.): TJFL, Japanese Linguistics Multi-cultural Association For Fun (MAFF) *TJFL= Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language International and Japanese students share time on/ off For further information: campus partying, sporting, shopping, eating out, studying http://www.cie.mie-u.ac.jp/en/cier/staff and more. Ṫ Certificate of Completion and Credit Transfer *Certificates of completion will be issued for those who have successfully completed the course requirements including both oral interview and paper presentation with excellent result. Judgment will be made in the evaluation meeting by the teaching staffs. *Academic transcripts will be issued for those who can transfer credits to their home universities. ṖCampus Map of Mie University Nanzan University (Aichi) “Over thirty five years of experience in educating international leaders” –Since the founding in 1974, the Center for Japanese Studies has been a leader in Japanese language studies, with the goal of helping each student develop a better understanding of the Japanese people and language. ṫ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠒᠁᠒᠅᠁᠓ ṫ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ ṯ᠁᠅᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៖ ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៑ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ៉ ៩᠕ូ៍៕ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ṯ ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ ṯ ᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ ២᠈᠈ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៖ូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៑ៈូ៎៌៍៍ូ៉ ០᠁᠁᠉᠁ូ៍៕ៈូ៎៌៍៍ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ ᠌᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៖ូ៦᠊᠑᠕ូ៍៎ៈូ៎៌៍៎ូ ៩᠕ូ៍៕ៈូ៎៌៍៎ ᠊᠖᠊ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠏ូ᠈᠋᠐᠁᠀ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠄᠁᠐ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ ᠋᠑᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠃᠋᠕៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠏᠐᠐᠁᠀ូ᠏ូូ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠂᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័្ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠁᠓ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋ូូ᠏᠅᠊᠃᠈᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ៝᠐᠏ូ ṯ ២᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉៖ ṯ᠋᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠊ូ᠅᠁᠂៖ ᠊᠀ូ៨᠁᠐᠐᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕័៕៊ូ៥᠐ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠅᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠕ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠏ូូ ᠋᠁᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠑᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠁៊ូើ២᠋ូ៤᠑᠉᠊ូ០᠅᠃᠊᠅᠐᠕ើូ᠅᠏ូ ៦ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូូ᠈᠁᠀᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠏᠌᠅᠅᠐ូ᠋᠊ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈ូ᠓᠏ូ᠑᠅᠈᠐៊ូ ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ᠅᠐᠏ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ៍៕៓័៊ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠁᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠒᠊᠁᠀ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠏᠅᠔ូ᠀᠅᠂᠂᠁᠁᠊᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៎៌៌៖ូ᠏᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠃᠉᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ ṯ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ ᠈᠁᠒᠁᠈᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ᠋᠑᠐᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁᠀៊ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈᠏៊ូ៝᠈᠈ូ᠂᠋᠑ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠇᠅᠈᠈᠏ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៖ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠁᠏᠏᠁᠀៖ូ᠏᠌᠁᠇᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠈᠅᠏᠐᠁᠊᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠓᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃៊ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៏៌៌៖ូ᠈᠏᠏᠋᠋᠉ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ᠁ូ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៨᠓ៈូៈូ៦᠑᠊᠅᠋ូ ᠐᠑᠀᠕᠅᠊᠃ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠌᠌᠋᠌᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠁᠊᠈᠁᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ ᠄᠋᠏᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠊᠈᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠁᠀ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠀᠕ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ ᠋᠈᠈᠁᠃᠁ោ᠏ ᠋᠂ូ៝᠌᠅᠈ូ៎៌៍៍ៅៈូ᠋᠈᠅᠕ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠅᠉᠌᠋᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠌᠅᠀᠈᠕៊ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠋᠐ូ᠋᠊᠈᠕ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠂᠂᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁᠈᠕ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠏᠏ូ᠐᠄᠁᠉᠏᠁᠈᠒᠁᠏៊ ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠑᠐ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠁᠔᠌᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠇᠊᠋᠓᠈᠁᠀᠃᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠐ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠕ូ᠐᠇᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏ៈូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ័៌៌៖ូ᠇᠅᠉᠉᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ᠏᠊᠊᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠅᠊᠅᠊᠃ៈូ ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏៖ូ៤᠑᠉᠊᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ៝᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ៈូ២᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ៝᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ៈូ᠁᠐៊ូ ᠏ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠏ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠁᠀៊ូូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠅᠏ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៝᠀᠉᠅᠊᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ៨᠓ូ᠄᠋᠋᠈ៈូ᠋᠈᠅᠕ូ ៦ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠌᠋᠒᠅᠀᠁᠏ូូ᠄᠋᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠕ូ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠓᠄᠅᠄ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠇᠁ូ᠊ូ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠋᠂ូូ᠄᠋᠏᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋᠌᠅៊ ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ៈូ៩᠐᠄᠁᠉᠐᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៥᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊ូ᠈᠁᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐៉᠄᠊᠀ូ ១᠊᠃᠅᠊᠁᠁᠅᠊᠃ ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠕៊ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៑៌៌៖ូ៩᠅᠊ូ᠐᠁᠔᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ ᠄᠋᠏᠁᠊ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ᠒᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠋᠑᠁᠏ូ᠏᠑᠄ូ᠏ូ᠊᠁᠓᠏᠌᠌᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ ṯ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ᠐᠂᠂ូ᠉᠁᠉᠁᠏ ᠊᠋᠒᠁᠈᠏៊ូូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠁ូ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠓᠅᠐᠁ូូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ᠌᠌᠁ូ ២᠑᠈᠈៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ៖ូ៏៎៌ៈូូ᠐៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ៖ូ័៓៕ ṯ ᠑᠌᠌᠋᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠐᠂᠂៖ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠊ូ᠋᠈ូ᠌᠁᠏᠁᠊᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊៊ ២᠑᠈᠈៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ២᠑᠈᠐᠕ូ៍៓ៈូូ᠐៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ៎៏ ṯ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៩᠕ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ្៌៌៖ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠉᠅᠊᠈᠕ូ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ៕ៈ៑៕៌ៈូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ័៓៕ ṯ ៦ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូ៍័៎ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ៎៑ូូ᠋᠑᠊᠐᠅᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁᠏ូោ᠏ូ ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠋᠏᠁ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠓᠅᠏᠄ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠊᠐᠅᠊᠑᠁ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠕ូ᠅᠊ូ ៰᠋᠐᠈៖ូ៍៌ៈ៌្៕ ᠋᠂ូូ᠁᠌᠐᠁᠉᠁ូ៎៌៍៌ៅ ᠋᠀᠁ូ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠑᠏᠑᠁ូ᠊ូ᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ᠋ូ᠌᠋᠂᠁᠏᠏᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠁ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠃ូ ៝᠋᠒᠁ូ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠁᠏ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៖ូូូូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁៊ ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ៍៏៌ៈូ៣᠀᠑᠐᠁៖ូ័៓ ṯ ᠑᠉᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ៝᠁᠌᠐᠁᠀៖ ៰᠋᠐᠈៖ូ៍៓៓ ៍៎៌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠅᠊᠈᠑᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ៍៌ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠏᠅᠒᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៓៌៌៖ូ៰᠄᠅᠏ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠅᠏ូ᠀᠁᠏᠅᠃᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠋ូ ᠄᠋᠈᠏᠄᠅᠌ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៅ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠓᠄᠋ូ᠌᠈᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠀᠁᠈ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠉᠐᠁᠅᠈᠏ូ᠋᠊ូ᠏᠌᠁᠅᠂᠅ូ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏៖ូូូូ ᠐᠋᠌᠅᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁᠅ូ᠂᠑᠐᠑᠁ូ᠓᠋᠇៊ ៍៍៕ ṯ ៨᠁᠐᠑᠁ូ᠈᠏᠏᠁᠏៖ូℇ ṯ ᠁᠀᠅᠐ ᠊᠀ ១᠒᠈᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ṯ ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠂᠋ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៣᠋᠒᠁᠊᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូោ᠂᠋ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠏᠐ូ᠐᠄᠁᠁ូ᠕᠁᠏ៅ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ១᠋᠊᠋᠉᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠁᠈᠅᠃᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ ៦ ᠁᠍᠑᠅᠁᠏ូ᠈᠈ូ᠂᠑᠈᠈៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐᠋ូ᠕ូូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠏ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠐ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ᠋᠑᠏᠁ូ᠈᠋᠀ូ᠋᠂ូ៍័ូ᠐᠋ូ៍។ូ᠁᠀᠅᠐ូ᠄᠋᠑᠏ូ᠌᠁ ᠏᠁᠉᠁᠏᠐᠁៊ូ ៎៌៌។ូោ៏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៅូ៖ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ោ៎ៅៈ ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៝ូ᠁᠐᠅᠂᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠓᠅᠈᠈ូ᠁ូ᠓᠀᠁᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠈᠈ូ ៵᠉᠖᠐᠋ ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ោ៍ៅ ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠋᠈᠅᠕ៈូ២᠅᠁᠈᠀᠓᠋᠇ូ᠁᠏᠁᠄ូ៩᠁᠐᠄᠋᠀᠏ូ᠂᠋ូ៦᠌᠊ ᠂᠑᠈᠈៉᠐᠅᠉᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠏᠑᠁᠏᠏᠂᠑᠈᠈᠕ ᠋᠉᠌᠈᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ៎។ូ ៎៌៌៕ូោ៎ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ៅូ៖ូ៤᠋᠉᠁ូ᠐᠕ោ៎ៅ ᠁᠀᠅᠐᠏ូ᠅᠊ូូ᠕᠁៊ ៎៌៍៌ូោ៍ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូៅូ៖ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ ṯ ᠌᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏៖ូℇ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠊᠃᠑᠅᠏᠐᠅᠏ៈូ᠁᠋᠊᠀ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៝᠍᠑᠅᠏᠅᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ᠐᠑᠀᠅᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ᠁᠀᠃᠋᠃᠕ៈូ៝᠏᠅ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠉᠁᠅᠊ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ṫ៝᠋᠉᠉᠋᠀᠐᠅᠋᠊ ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠏᠅᠊᠁ូ៍៕័៑ៈូ᠏᠁᠒᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ៝᠊᠈᠕᠏᠅᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ṫ ២᠋ូ᠂᠑᠐᠄᠁ូ᠅᠊᠂᠋᠉᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠌᠈᠁᠏᠁ូ᠋᠊᠐᠐៖ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ូ៝᠐᠅᠒᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ᠁᠉᠅᠊ូ᠅᠊ូ៝᠉᠁᠅᠊ូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ᠁᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ៈូ ៤᠋᠉᠁᠏᠐᠕ ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ᠊᠀ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ៥᠏᠏᠑᠁᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ៈូ០᠁᠐᠅᠊᠃ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠋᠈᠅᠐᠅᠈ូ ᠂᠂᠅᠁៖ ᠕᠏᠐᠁᠉᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៱᠊᠅᠐᠁᠀ូ᠐᠐᠁᠏ៈូ៤᠅᠏᠐᠋᠕ូ᠋᠂ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠈ូ ᠊᠖᠊᠏ ᠄᠋᠉᠁᠏᠐᠕ ᠌᠋᠃᠉ូ᠅᠏ូ᠋᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠈᠃᠁᠏᠐ូ ᠁᠊᠐᠁ូ᠂᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ១᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ ១᠔᠄᠊᠃᠁ូ᠁᠐᠓᠁᠁᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ២᠊᠁ ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊ូ᠊᠀ូ᠄᠏ូ᠁᠁᠊ូ᠁᠔᠐᠁᠉᠁᠈᠕ូ᠓᠁᠈᠈ូ᠁᠁᠅᠒᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ ᠊᠑᠉᠁᠋᠑᠏ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠐ូ៦៊ូ៰᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៝᠀᠀᠁᠏᠏៖ ំំូ᠌᠁᠊ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠁ូ᠋᠂᠂᠁᠁᠀ូ᠕ូ៱᠊᠀᠁᠃᠀᠑᠐᠁ូ᠏᠄᠋᠋᠈᠏ូ᠋᠂ូ ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁ូ᠋᠂ូ᠏᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ᠀᠅᠈᠕ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ ៍។ូ៵᠉᠖᠐᠋៉᠄᠋ៈូ᠄᠋᠓៉᠇᠑ៈូ᠃᠋᠕ៈ ᠊᠖᠊ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠊᠀ូ᠁ូ᠋᠌᠁᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠏᠏ូ᠁᠃᠅᠏᠐᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠕ូ៦ូ ᠂᠉᠅᠈᠕ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊ូ᠁ូ᠈᠁᠊᠁᠀ូ᠂᠅᠏᠐ូ᠄᠊᠀៊ូ ័្្៉។្៓៏ូ៦᠌᠊ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏៊ ៰᠄᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠅᠒᠁៉᠅᠊ូូ᠏᠅᠐᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊᠏ូ᠈᠏᠋ូ᠃᠅᠒᠁ូ᠁᠒᠁᠕᠋᠊᠁ូូ ᠌᠁᠅᠋᠑᠏ូ᠋᠌᠌᠋᠐᠑᠊᠅᠐᠕ូ᠐᠋ូ᠋᠉᠉᠑᠊᠅᠐᠁ូ᠋᠏᠏ូ ᠄᠋᠊᠁៖ូូះ។៍៉៑៎៉។៏៎៉៏៍៎៏ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠋ូ᠉᠇᠁ូ᠈᠅᠂᠁៉᠈᠋᠊᠃ូ᠂᠅᠁᠊᠀᠏᠄᠅᠌᠏៊ូ ២᠔៖ូះ។៍៉៑៎៉។៏៎៉៑័៕៌ ṯ ᠁᠉᠅᠊᠏ូℇ ១៉᠉᠅᠈៖ូ᠆᠏ៜ᠅៊᠊᠊᠖᠊៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌ ៥᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠁᠏᠅᠀᠁᠊᠁᠏ ᠈᠏᠏᠅᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ᠑᠏᠅᠊᠁᠏᠏ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠅᠊ូ៰᠋᠑᠅᠏᠉៖ូ ៱៨ ៤᠋᠐᠁᠈ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ១᠈᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐᠕ូ᠋ូ៥᠊᠐᠁᠉᠁᠀᠅᠐᠁ូ៰᠊᠏᠈᠐᠅᠋᠊ៈូ ᠊᠖᠊ ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠑᠊᠏ូ᠐᠓᠋ូ᠋᠂᠂ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏ូ᠂᠅᠈᠅᠐᠅᠁᠏ៈូ ᠄᠐᠐᠌៖់់᠓᠓᠓៊᠊᠊᠖᠊៉᠑៊៊᠆᠌់១᠊᠃᠈᠅᠏᠄់᠅᠊᠀᠁᠔៊᠄᠐᠉ ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៨᠅᠐᠁᠐᠑᠁ៈូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ᠁᠐᠅᠒᠁ូ ᠐᠄᠁ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៝᠀᠁᠉᠅ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៳᠅᠐᠅᠊᠃ៈូ៱᠊᠅᠒᠁᠏᠅᠐᠕ូ᠁᠌᠐᠋᠕ូ ៵᠉᠖᠐᠋ ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊៊ូ᠋᠐᠄ូ᠓᠁᠁ូ᠂᠋᠑᠊᠀᠁᠀ូ ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ៈូ៥᠊᠐᠋᠀᠑᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠋ូ៰᠁᠄᠅᠊᠃ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏ូូ២᠋᠁᠅᠃᠊ូ ᠐᠋ូ᠌᠋᠉᠋᠐᠁ូ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠑᠊᠀᠁᠏᠐᠊᠀᠅᠊᠃ូ᠊᠀ូ ៨᠊᠃᠑᠃᠁ៈូ᠁᠀᠅᠊᠃᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠋᠅᠈ូ᠅᠁᠊᠁ ᠋᠋᠌᠁᠐᠅᠋᠊ូ᠐᠄᠋᠑᠃᠄ូូ᠈᠅᠒᠁៉᠅᠊ូ᠁᠔᠌᠁᠅᠁᠊᠁៊ូ ᠃᠋᠕ូ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ ᠅᠏ូ᠁᠏᠌᠁᠅᠈᠈᠕ូ᠑᠊᠅᠍᠑᠁ៗូ៏ូ ṯ ᠐᠅᠈ូ᠋᠑᠏᠁᠏ូ᠅᠊ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ៝᠐᠏ូℇ ᠅᠊᠐᠁᠊᠐᠅᠋᠊᠈ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐᠏ូ᠊᠀ូ៍ូ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ូ ᠏᠄᠁ូូ័៨០៧ូ᠌᠐᠉᠁᠊᠐ូ᠓᠅᠐᠄ូ᠁᠄ ៥᠇᠁᠊ូោ២᠈᠋᠓᠁ូ៝᠊᠃᠁᠉᠁᠊᠐ៅៈូ᠄᠋᠀᠋ ោ᠈᠈᠅᠃᠌᠄᠕ៅៈូ៤᠊᠃ ᠏᠐᠑᠀᠁᠊᠐ ᠄᠒᠅᠊᠃ូ᠄᠅᠏់᠄᠁ូ᠋᠓᠊ូ᠋᠋᠉៊ូ ោ៳᠋᠋᠀᠈᠋᠇ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ៅៈូ᠑᠉᠅᠁ ោ᠄᠅᠊᠁᠏᠁ូ᠈᠇ូ៥᠊᠇ូ᠅᠊᠐᠅᠊᠃ៅៈូ ៰᠄᠁ូ᠃᠋᠕ូ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ ᠅᠏ូូ៍ូ᠉᠅᠊៊ូ᠓᠈᠇ូ᠂᠋᠉ូ ᠀᠋ោ៦᠌᠊᠁᠏᠁ ᠑᠈᠐᠑᠁ូ᠊᠀ូ៰᠁ូ᠁᠁᠉᠋᠊᠕ៅ៊ ᠉᠌᠑᠏ៈូ᠊᠀ូ᠐᠄᠁ូ៵᠉᠖᠐᠋ ៧᠋᠕᠑ ៧᠅᠇᠊ ᠅᠏ូូ៑ូ ᠉᠅᠊៊᠓᠈᠇᠂᠋᠉ូ᠉᠌᠑᠏៊