A

A Chronol~gy of Masonic i Traditions & History with various charts By A. H. Seabrook, Master of Tampico Lodge No. 10 (working under the Jurisdiction of the M. W. York Grand Lodge Of Mexico, F. & A. M.) 4~~ , ~ Foreword

The text herein contained was collected in its present form to enable me, with the minimum of time and trouble, to acquire a knowledge of the outlines of Masonic History. It had with me, it::> desired effect, and I trust. it will prove no less useful to my readers. Almost exclusively it is compiled from the work~ I, of well known Masonic authorities, so arranged as to present chronologically a concise history of our belov­ ed Craft. In some cases the full te..xt is given; in other:-; the statements are somewhat abbreviated. Various charts are included; it is trusted they wiII also prove a help to "the seekers after truth." A Table of References will be found on page number 5, so that the original text may be easily found, and, if the reader is sufficiently interested, readily referred to. If the perusal of this little work should give the reader a tithe of the help and pleasure it gave' me in compiling it. I shall feel the considerable labour involv­ ed has not been in vain. Grateful acknowledgment of their kindness L, made to IV!. W. Bro. John r. Newell, P. G. 1\1., R. W. Bro. 1\1. A. Malone, Deputy' G. M., and V. W. Bro. E. S. Banks, Grand Chaplain, for advice, inspiration and assi'stance. I am also indebted to V. W. Bro. A. P. Old, J. G. Steward, and Editor of the York Rite Trestle Board. on whom fell the principal burden of revising and correcting.

Tampico, Mexico, April, 1933.

A. H.S. .\ CHRONOLOGY OF MASOXIC HISTORY 3 Contents PART 1. THEORIES AS TO THE ORIGIN OF FREEMASONRY PART 2. (714 B.C. to 1600 A.D.) Legends and Annals of Freemasonry Roman Collegia-The Collegia and Comacines in Britain­ Early traces of Masonry in England-Construction of Cathedrals -Guilds-Ancient MSS-Old Charges-The Reformation- Earl­ iest Minutes- Operative and Speculative. PART 3. (1600 to 1716) Commencement of Transition Period-Gradual change from Operative to Speculative-MSS-Initiations-Persecution of Freemasons-Freemasonry in Ireland-Early evidence of Mason­ ry in America-Meeting of the four London Lodges with view to establishment of a governing body for the Craft. PART 4. (1717 to 1750) From the Revival to the Division-Establishment of the first Grand Lodge- Social conditions-Stukeley's Diary-Con­ stitutions and Regulations- MSS-Dissention, opposition, ex­ posures, and persecution- Degrees-Regularly constituted Free­ masonry spreads over England and to America, and to the Con­ tinents of Europe and Asia-Independent G. L. of All England formed-Irregular making of Masons-Military Lodge formed -G. L. of Scotland-Anderson's 2nd Constitutions. PART 5. (1751 to 1760) Division of Freemasonry in England into two,main bodies­ Antients and Moderns-Further American warrants-Antients Constitutions- Naval Lodge formed-Sympathy .with Antient moyement in America. PART 6. (1761 to 1783) Accession of King George rn, to the close of the American War of Independence-Rivalry between the Moderns and Ant­ ients-Other English Grand Lodges-Further Exposures-Op­ position of Colonial Freemasons to British Government~William Preston-Degrees-Making Masons at sight-Scotland warrants Lodges in America-Modern influence in America declines-Am­ erican Revolution- Ib:; effects upon Feemasonry-American Grand Lodges declare their independence. A CHRO~OLOGY OF l\L\SO~IC HISTOH\

PART 7. (1784 to 1812) Constitutiom,-Negro Lodge-Non - operatives J'ejected­ Charity-Other English Grand Lodge,; collapse, leaving only Antients and Moderns----!.Moderns and Antients in U.S.A. amal­ gamate- Making of more Masons at sight-Statements b~ George Washington-First steps towards the Union of the An­ cients and Moderns in England.

PART 8. (1813 to 1932) Constitutions further revised-Union of the English An­ tients and Moderns-United Grand Lodge of England- Articles of Unioh-Degrees-International Compact-Aprons-Ritual­ Lodges of Instruction-Formation of new Grand Lodges in L". S.A., and on the Continent of Europe-Australian and Canadian Grand Lodges-Persecution continues-Freemasonry Rpreads to Mexico-The Morgan Affair- MS-Charity- American Civil War ends-Freemasonry st ill survives-Siege of Paris-Royalt~ at the head of the Craft-More Masons made at Right-Estab­ lishment of York Grand Lodge of l\lexico-Charts-Conclusion.

The Historian ought not to conclude that a fact is false because he possesses several versions of it, or because credul­ ity has mixed them with much that IS fabulous. -Ernest Renan.

That with equal certainty it may be said that the great Brotherhood we call the Ancient and Honorable Fraternit~ · of Free and Accepted :Vlasons is descend­ ant of, and heir to, many primitive forms of human association which may have held' their assemblies on high hills or in deep vales in the day when the earth was young. That a direct and un­ broken connection cannot be establish­ ed between them. is of minor conse­ quence. -Haywood & Craig. .\ CHROXOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY References .\ A ('oncL'e Cyclopedia of Freemason- ry·hy ...... E. L. Hawkins. B llighwa~ ' s and Byways of Freema- sonry by ...... J. T. Lawrence. ( Sidelights on Freemasonry by . . . . . do. D The Keystone by ...... do. E Freemant;on's Vade :Vlecum by . . . . do. F Landmarks of Freemat;onry by . .. . S. H. Shepherd. b Historical Notes by ...... Committee on Re­ search. Y. G. Lodge of Mexico. 1-1 The Comac:ines by ...... W. Ravenscroft. -'[odem Masonry by ...... J. F. Newton. Ii Story of the Craft by ...... L. Vibert. L Short Readings in Masonic History by ...... J ~ H. Tatsch. History of Freemasonry by ...... Haywood & Craig. Freemasonry-Its History, Princip- les, and Object::; by ...... J. T. Lawrence. o Freemasonry-It::; Derivation and Development by ...... R. C. ' Davies. The Builders by ...... J. F. Newton. Q Freemasonry in the Revolution by S. Morse. R Ander::;on's Constitutions by ...... L. Vibert. History of the Lion & Lamb (Ex- tract) by ...... Abbott. T -'Iasonic Jurisprudence by ...... J. T. Lawrence. L The ~Iorgan Affair by ...... J. C. Palmer. Green. Green's Short History of the English People. W The Great Light in Masonry by . .. J. F. Newton. X Report by M. W. Bro. C. C. Freston, P. G. M., Chairman of the Com- mittee of Foreign Relations, York Grand Lodge of Mexico. AQ(' Transaction~ of the Quatour Coro­ nati Lodge. London. A CHRO:\,OLOGY OF r.L\SO~IC HISTOR\

Part One THEORIES AS TO THE ORIGIN OF FREEMASONRY

Brothel' W .Ravenscroft in his book. Histon' of l·'rccmasonry," pa~e l:! 1. "The Comacines." (Chapter VIII.. remark: pages 55-6) comes to the following "If true, it would supply a brid~l' {onclusions: bctwecn Operatin' Masonr) of th .. 1. Centuries before Christ and the Middle Ages and the Roman Colle­ founding of Rome, a race of Hametic gia; would throw lig-ht upon the an­ descent spread along the Medite Tan­ cient belief of Craft~m('n that thl' in­ enn shores, and afterwards becall}e stitution entered Europe from Pal known in Syria and Asia Minor a~ estine by wa~ of Gr(,l'ce." Hittites, in Greece as Pelasgoi. an·l in Italy as Etruscans. Mrs. Baxter (Leader Scott \ to tht 2. The Hittites were engaged in "Cathedral Builders" (page 1:32) hold­ building the Temple at Jerm;alem, the much to the !'ame theory a~ Br\). fame of which spread far and wide. Ravenscroft, viz: 3. The Romans learned their arts 1. That after Italy was overrun by of building, decoration. ~nd pottery. Barbarian!', Roman Collegia we:'\' etc., from the Etruscans who were the suppressed, but the College of Arch­ same race as the Hittite~, and carried itects at Rome escaped the general with them some at least of their doom and remover! to the Repuhli<­ traditions. of Comum; 4. In Rome developed Collegia of 2. That the College sUl'\'ived a::; a Artificers, and in early Chlistian day" medieval Masonic Guild known a::; thl these had the iraditions of King SoI­ Society of Comacine Mai'ters, educat­

l mono ing young men in the arts and scien­ 5. At the downfall of Rome, the ces, and sending them out to all parb Guild of Artificers left and settled in of thc world as missionarie!; of cul­ the district of Como, holding a!< their ture. centre, the island of Comacina. In Brothers Haywood and Craig'~ 6. That thence they spread their ill­ "Hi::;tory of Freemasonry," page 13:l. fluence over all Western Europe and \\ e also find the following: even to the shores of England. "Tho' there is no certain proof that 7. That they merged into the great the Comacines were the \-eritable Masonic Guilds of the Middle Ages. stock from which the 'pseudo-Free­ 8. That as these Guilds died ou~. masonry of the present dar sprang, their forms and eremonies were pre_ we may at least admit that they were served to a great extent in our 1\las­ a link between the classic collegia onic Lodges-at any rate. under those and all other art and trade guilds of of the Eng'lish and A merican Con­ the Middle Ages." stitutions. In "The Builders" (page 97) Bro. J . F. Newton-we read: Dealing with the Comacine theory_ "If not the actual successors of th(' Brothers Haywood and Craig, in "A Roman College of Architect~, the A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY -;

Order of Comacines was founded upon ions came into England with the Ro­ its ruins," and "wherefoce such na­ mans . .. (page 22) ' " And survived mes as Hermes, Pythagoras, and Euc­ as Medieval Guilds.·. . ". M.79 lid, and how did they come into the According to the "Concise Cyclope­ old craft records if not through the dia of Freemasonry" (page 53) by Comacine artists and scholars'?" Bro. Hawkins: (p. 111). "They (the Roman Co ll eges) re­ Brother Lawrence in "Fremasonry ~embled a Masonic Lodge in many -Its History, Principles and Ob­ points, and according to Krause, a jects" (page 20) says: German Masonic wr iter in the early "Of the secret associations, pres­ part of the 19th. century, the society enting many points of resemblance of Freemasons is descended from Ro­ with the Masonic fraternity,-the man Collegia Artificum, passing most ancient are the CABIRIC ~IYS­ through the Al'chitectUl'al Guilds of TERIES, referable to a period close­ the Middle Ages, up to the En~lish ly approaching the Deluge." organization of the year 1717" and "Of the ancient associations, the (page 171) "But probably the view one most closely resembling the Mas­ which now finds most acceptance is onic ~ociety in its OPERATIVE per­ that the SPECULATIVE MASONRY, iod is that of the DIONYSIAC ART­ as we now have it, is the gradual out­ IFICERS OF IONIA. They undertook come of the early societies of OPER­ and even monopolised the building A TIVE ~ASONS, such as that which of temples and stadia precisely as the existed at Cante·rbury in 1429." {<'reemasons (?) [Cathedral Builders, "About a century ago, Dr. Adam or Gothic Builders] monopolised the Weishaupt, the founder of the Ilum­ building of cathedrals and conventual inati, said, 'No man can give any ac­ churches in the Middle Ages." 'count of the Ordel' of Freemasonry, 'of its origin, of its objects, nor any "The next link in the chain... 18 'explanation of its mysteries and one of the Roman Colleges, an incor­ 'symbols which does not leave the poration of :\1asons at Rome (paga. 'm ind in total uncertainty on all these 21). Many of these building corporat- 'points'." Part Two I.EGENDS AND ANNALS OF FREEMASONRY.

714 B. C. Collegia Artificum, Col­ was complete, made their advent into leges of Artificers, Roman Guilds, or the island, traces of their work re­ Corporations of Craftsmen, institut­ maining even to this day. P.113 ed in Rome 714 B. C., and existed 598 A. D. With the revival of Chris­ during the Roman Empire. 0.13 tianity we find Bishop Wilfred of 78 to ·n 0 A. D. With the conquest York joining with the Abbot of Wear­ of Britain by the Romans, the Colle­ mouth in sending to France and Italy gia, without which no Roman ~ociety to induce Masons to return and build .\ CHIW:\OLO(;' OF :\1.\SOXIC 1118TOIn

ill stone "afler the Roman man­ 'lu('~t. England was invaded hy an .11- ner." P .ll:] m~' of ecclesiastic;.;. and church!!". 600 A. D. From 600 A. I). we haye 1110na;.;teries, cathedrals and abhey" traces in England of stone :;tructure~ wen' commenced in eyery part of th· for ecclesiastical pm·poset>. L.23 country. P.l:!(/ Dr. Barnes shows that Comacin(' lIIost of the great cathed"als of Builders were in England as early as Europe date from the 11th. Cell­ this. P.1l-! tury. P.l~O The Comacine::; were in Eng-land a.­ 1011i. The plan of Canterbury CatlL early as 600 as shown by document~ edral, a~ it existed before 107Ci, cal'· and by comparative study of style' ried out the Comacine idea. H.B7 of ~rchitecture. P.114 1077, Robertus Cementarius. a 1\1. 604 A. D. Augustine sent the monk M .. employed at St. Albans. 1'.1~1J Pietro back to Rome to the Pope 1086. The period of the Crusadl',. L.l'egory, begging him to send mOl'e \\hit'h deeimated the manhood of Eu­ architects ami workmen, which he lope. lasted from 1086 to 12lll. did. P.llS L.lCi-Il\ 675 A. D. The Venerable Bede re­ 109!l. .ferusal(·mentcrcd by th· ports that Benedict Biscop, foundCJ' Cl'usadel·s. Entil'c world in a l'eligiou' of the monasteries at Wea:'mouth and fen·ol'. L.lti .Jarrow, crossed into Gaul in 675 and 1100. The Cathedral Builde::; work- engaged Masons to build for him a ed fro 111 1100 to 1500. L.l1\ church in the Roman style, but to During- the Middle Age;; the Craft infel' that these masons were Co­ laboured in the services of the Cath­ macines, 01' even Italians. is pun' olic Church as the builder of cath­ gue:sswork. M.135 edrals, abbeys and other eccle"ia:t· 923 to 940 A. D. The Old ChargeS ieal establishments. l..! begin an account of Masonry in Eng­ The Medieval Craft wa,.; strictI} land at the time of Athelstan, grand­ Trinitarian Christian. C.4li son of the Alfred the Great-between ll1:i. The Cathedral of Glasgo\\' !,25 and 940, and the assembl~' at founded . ".Jl lork in 926, under the patronag'c of Prince Edwin. P.116 1I2b. Kebo Abbey found!.'d . N,:n

1000. The year 1000 \\'a~ the ex­ 11 :clli. Melrosl' Aboey founded. l\ld­ pected end of all things. \\'hen the rose Lodge !'till existing at Melrose. expected date for the ~ounding of Scotland, claims ongm from thl the last trumpet pa~sed without the uuilding of the Abbey. It i;; self sup c:ltastrophe, a sense of general reliet porting. and in no way recogni~es lhl' found expression in raising' magnifi­ G. L. of Scotland. N.31 cent temples to the Glory of God . .. 1140. Abbey of Kilwinning founded. Order of Freemasons who made it The builders were brought from th.! possible for men to "sing their soul~ Continent (supposed to be Cologne). in stone" what Goethe called "The Believed fil'st appcarance of Free (':) frozen music of the Middle Ages." ma,.;onry in Scotland. K.;llJ P.121 1176. Construction of London 1066. Following the Norman Con- Bridu'e beg·un. P.12 '1 CHART ILLUSTRATING THE COMACINE THEORY

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A CHRONOLOG Y OF MASONIC HISTORY 9

1200. Trade Guilds were formed 1349. The "Black Death" began and (IUI'ing the 13th. Century which fill­ raged for many years reducing the ed many fraternal quties for its mem­ population of Europe more than twen­ hers of a religious, philanthropic, and ty-five million. L.1S charitable nature. L.14 1352. In the Fabric Rolls of York 1212. Findel finds the name of Mi nster, we find an order for the Freemason as early as this. P.104 Masons and Workmen issued as fol­ 1217. The word "Maszun." of French lows: nrig-in, as applied to an Operative "In summer they are to begin work Craftsman in stone, appeared in a immediately after sunrise until the glossary compiled about 1217. M.10 ringing of the bell of t he Virgin Mary; t hen to breakfast in the fa­ At all events, when' we first find it, bric lodge, then one of the Masters it is purely and simply a Trade Name shall knock on the do or of the lodge and has no esoteric meaning of a bro. and forthwith are all to return to ther, etc. . . (Vibert). M.91 work until noon ... " A.143 1220. Conder, theil' historian, con· 1356. Statute enacted in England , iders t hat the Masons . Company of against Freemasons prohibiting their London was established in 1220, if assembly under severe punishment. not earlier. P.123 P.122 1221. Construction of Westminster 1360. Secret agreements made Abbey started. P.123 among Masons and Carpenters pro­ (Note.-It was gradually added to hibited by Statute. M.lO and finally completed in 1735). 1375. First recorded use of the 1272. Record of a Charter granted name FREEmason in the history of by the Lord Mayor of London to the the Company of Masons of the City W. Society of Freemasons of London. of London. P.I04 L.15 1389. Ordinance passed bearing up­ 1292. By 1292 English Masons were on Stonemasons Guild wages.' L.15 accustomed to speak of their working 1390. REG IUS MS. was discovered place as a "Lodge." M.10 by one Halliwell, and supposed to 1300. During the Medieval Period have been written about this time. of E ngli sh r Ul'81 existence, judicial It is now in the British Museum. activities were handled at stated A.48 and 194 mcetings of the Manor Court. In such The Regius MS. is the oldest Mas­ e;overnmental meetings we find the on ic MS. known to be in existence. root of traditional Masonic assembl· A.193 ies mentioned in the Old Charges. Its Masonic character remained un­ L.13 known until 1840 because it was cat­ Stonemasons GUILDS came into alogued as "A Poem of Moral Dut­ prominence during the 14th. Century. ies." A.194 L.15 The Regius Poem consists of 794 1333. Carpenters GUILDS formed. lines of rhymed English verse. It L.15 bears the title: 13-18. Masters and Wal'dens men- "Here begin the Constitutions of tioned. L.15 geometry according to Euclid." ·1(1 A CHRONOLOGY OF MASO~ I (, HISTOln

It contains a legend to t he effect that 1481. A s recently as 1481 the l\1u: "Masonry was founded in Egypt by on!' Company of London attended Euclid and introduced into England Mass on the Fea& t Day of t he F our in the reign of King Athelstan, in Crowned Martyrs. l\l,lIJ 924." 1495. OPERATI VE~ wert' design­ It contains t he reg'ulations "for the uted ai< "FREEMASONS" in Statut· governance of the Society"- 15 ar­ of 14!J5. 1\1.10 ticles and 15 points. It contains the legend of the 4 crown­ 1;) ()(J. Dowland M S: Typical of thl' ed martyrs. lore from which Anderson and other, Then another version of the origin of drew their inspiration. l'elates that the Craft, which purports t o trace Freemasonry existed be r 0 r e thl' its history from the Deluge and the F lood. M .2:' Tower of Babel. M.ll 1!l Ot. Plasterers Guilds. L.1!l Speaking of Prince Edwin of the 10th. Century it is recorded: "Of spe­ 1 :>20. REFORM ATIO~ : Open rl:­ culatye he was a Master." 1.4 "olt began when a book of Papal de· "Thys craft com yn to englond as I l: rees was publicly burned by a pro­ now say Yn tyme of good Kyng Adel­ fessor in th'e Universit y of Witten­ stons day." B.172 berg. L.ll< The REFORM ATIOl' !?:radually PUt la96. The Fabric Roll of Exeter n stop t o tht, Cathedral Builders' Cathedral, compiled in 1396, applied work in progress. L.li' to the members of this Operative Guild the name FREEMASON. M.10 1560. Lansdowne 1\I S. T .16~ 1424. Ordinance passed pr ohibiting 1561. Hearing that the Masons hat! meeting of the Stonemasons Guild. certain seC]'ets that could not he re­ L.15 vealed to her, Queen E li zabeth sent 1436. MS. in the Bodleian Library a n armed force io break up iheir an­ at Oxford (discovered about 1696) nual G. L. ai York, un St. John'.­ supposed to have b4i!en written about Day, December ,. l5()1. P.12:; this time. P.1l1 .1568. Tyler!< ' 11 n d Bricklayer!" 1450. Matthew Cook MS. fixed by Guilds formed. L.U; experts as dating from 1450. This is 1:> 70. Rhetoric : At Cambr idge, in also in the British Museum. A,48 1570, t he study of Rhetoric was based The Cook MS uses these words : on the works of Quintilian. Hermo­ "Lernyd practyke of yt sciens of genes, and Cicero. A.Q.C. XLIII-56 "his speculat yf." 1.4 1588. Rhetoric: At Oxford, Quinti­ A code of laws, said to have been lian, Hermogenes and Cicero's work" appr oved by Henry VI, was drawn up were used in the study of Rhetoric. for the government of the F raternity, A.Q.C. XLIII-5fi thus clearly establishing- the fact that at this time some sort of common bond 1!lR3. OLD CH ARGES known as G. united the separate units or wor king L. 1';IS No.1, now in ]1osse;;sion of tlw lodges. M.ll G. L. of England. Thi;; is dated by a copyst "158!{.'· A.48. L: 2~ ' 1472. A coat of Arms was formally granted to the "Hole Craft and Fel­ This MS says : lowship of Masons." M. ll "And the King of Babylon that A CHROXOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTOHY II heighte ~(mroth was a :'.lasson him­ ] :.i98. With the exception of breaks, ,;('If and loved well the Crafte." totalling in all about 9 years, the B.172 Mi'lutes are complete f1"om 1599 down l.i9S. K ilwinning' and Stirling known to the present day: L.30 (0 have existed in Schaw's time. L.JO 1600. Earliest reference to the fact Government of the Scottish Craft that others than actual workmen were wa~ under the Statutes of 1598/9 members of the lodge is found in the promulgated by William S c haw. MINUTES of the Lodge of Edinburgh ":\faister of the Wark. Wain!en of date June 8th., 1600. 1.4 ye :\>laisons." L.3!J COMMENCEMENT OF TRANSI­ :\

160n. Roughly speaking, the year 1620. Conder, the historian, shows HiOO lIlay he taken a'S a date diyiding that the W. Company of Masons of th(' t\\O period~ OPERATIVF: and the City of London, an OPERATIVE SPECULATIVE. Spctulatives beg'an ORGANIZATION, also had a SPEC­ to enter the Order as early as 1600, ULATIVE LODGE at work within it if not earlier. P.144 of which existing accounts go as far Earliest authentic record of a non­ back as 1620. L.31 oIH:rati,'c being a member of a :\1as· Conder says "We can say that as onic Lodg'c, \·iz., .Junc 8th, 1600, John ear ly as 1620, and i n fc~' entially very Ho~\\ell, Laird of Auchinlach a \'il­ llJuch carlier, there were certain mem­ lag-c in ~:a~t Ayrshin' Scotland, was iJ el" of the Masons Company and prescnt ;' 1 a l1leeting' of Lodg'c of others who met from time to time to Edinhu A,a·1 form a Lodge for the purpose of 16HZ. Old dnclInll'nt known as thl' SPECULA TIVE Masonry. 1.6 tfi",l) St. Clair Charter, conferrcJ 1628. Second Charter granted to the thl' position of hereditary Patron and St. Clair family. (See note under .J udgc of the Craft for a pmticular 1602.) 1.52 '" ca on thc St. Clair family. 1.52 1632. Grand Lodge MS. (Old Char­ 16tH. Inigo .Jones became Superin­ ges). B. Hi7 gives date at 1650 and Il'ndent General of Royal Building,;, ,locument in possession of the United and at the same time head of the (;.L. of England Museum.) L.27 \Ia>onit Order in England. He con­ .~titlited quarterly g'atheringl; instead 1641. Earliest referencc to the in­ ,I' the· ole! annual as"clllhlics. P.llR itiation outside of Lodge of a SPE- 12 A CHRONOLOGY OF l\lASOXIC HISTORY

CULATIVE Mason appears in Lodg-I' 1(;70. 'IIndt'ian' MS No. 191~ Minutes, viz .• "On the 20th May, 1641. (About 16iO). Vol. 1. F.3a Robert Morny, 'General Quartermas­ Of the 49 members of the Lodge of ter of the Annie off Seotlaml' initiat­ Aberdeen 39 were "Accepted" and ed at Newcastle by members of the not in any way connected with tlw Lodge of Edimburgh who wei·e with building trade. P.16 L the Scottish Army .. . " 1'.161 16iO. Buchanan MS. (In Grand Evidence of SPECULATIVE mas- Lodge of England Museum.) B.157 onry. L.3l 1681. Aubrey MS. In the "Natural 1646. Ashmole's Diary. "Oct. 16th. History of Wiltshire" we read: "Thi: I was made a Freemason at Warring·­ day (18th. May, 1681 ) is a great con­ ton in Lancashire." Records show that vention at St. Pauls Church for th" all the members of this Lodge were il-aternity of the Free (word crosse!1 ACCEPTED Masons. P.162 out and 'Accepted' inserted) Mason: 1652. Record of the Rev. James were Sir Christopher Wren is to bl:' Ainslie becoming a Freemason. L.81 adopted a Brother." J.167 (~ote: Thei·e is no records to show The Rev. James Ain~lie w a~ tried by the Church authorities (?) for IJ e­ that \\"ren was ever a Ma~on) . ing a Freemason. In his niar~' h(' 1682 . .\ghmole's Diary: "I received mentions: "That to their judgement R SLlmmons to appear at a Lodge to there is neither sinne nor scandal ill IJe held the next da~ · at Masons HalJ. that word (Mason's word) IJ ecause in London. Accorclingl~ ' \\"ent and about the purest t~' l11 es of this kirke M ni­ nt: on were admitted to the Fellowship sons haveing that word have been of Fr('cmasolls .. . ·· (~ame,; follow) Ministers." 1.:; P.l6:.! 1656. Documcnt tii;;co\"cred rclatin!!.· 1686. The" Antiquit~·" MS. F.41 to an American "visiting friends at a Vol. 1 house off Mordicai Campenell (Rhode Earliest knowl1 I·eferenee to the Old Island) and giving Abram MoseH dc­ Charg·es madC' by any writer appeal":­ grees of Maconrie." P.206 in Dr. Plot's "Natural Histor: of 1663. The Operatives old Ritual was Staffordshire" published in 1686. revised from 1663 to 1686. 0.22 A..l8 1665. The Great Plag-ue of London. 16~7. i,·illiam Watston MS. A.J:i Green. 1688. Randle Holme, author, wrote: Fi·om an entry in the books of the "I cannot but honour the 1I0wshi, Masons Company of London, dated of the Masons because of its antiqui­ 1665, it appears that "there was hang­ ty, and the more as being a member ing up in the Hall a list of the Accept· of that Society called Freemasons"· ed Masons enclosed in a faire fi·ame L.3~ with a lock and key." 1.5 Freemasonry in Ireland: Copy of 1666. The great Fire of London. Tripos of Midsummer 1688. of Trinity Green. Colleg·e, Dublin. contains Masonic re­ With the Great Fire there came a ferences. It can be fairly deduced. renewed interest in Masonry, many too. that membership of the Craf flocking to rebuild the City. Old wa" not confined to Operati'·es 01· Lodges revived; new ones made. P .Hi8 to an~ · class. L ,i)."· .\ CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY 13

1691. On the engraved list of lod­ masonry became so numerous and ges of 1729, the Goose and Gridiron important that it eventually overpow­ Lodge No. 1. (afterwards Lodge of ered the Operative Organization. 0.22 Antiquity) is said to have dated from 1715. John Mool'e (a native of Eng­ 1691 (see 1714/17) . Uti land) relates in a letter having spent Aubrey MS. extract: 2. few evenings in Philadelphia in fes­ "They are known to one another by li \'ity with Masol1l"Y brethren. P.206 certain signs and watchwords, etc." Steps Towards the Revival. 1.6 1699. Thos. Foxcroft MS. (In the 1716. The members of four lodge.> Grand Lodge of England Museum). of London and Westminster met toge­ B.157 ther and elected a temporary G. M. 1701. Rules of the Alnwick Lodge for that meeting and dislrict only. (1701) require a Master to "give his Among its members were such not­ apprentice his Charge within a year." able Masons as: A.47 Theophil us Desaguliers Ll. D. (a 1 i04. Jonathan Belcher, who later Frenchman). James Anderson D. D. (a Scotch- become Governor of :Massachusetts man). 0.27 and New Hampshire, and still later (;ovemor of New Jersey, was made a The four lodges referred to were: 1fason in an Engli~h (Operative) 1. That meeting at the Goose and Lodge. He may be properly regarded G riliiron Alehouse, St. Pauls Church­ as the Senior Freemason of America. yard. (This tavern stood until about M.303 1894 when it was pulled down. This 1707. l\10ther Kilwinning Lodge de­ lodge is now the Lodge of Antiquity No.2). A.97 and A.Il1 tined the "Cowan" as a Mason "with­ out the word." A.60 2. That meeting at the Crown Ale­ hOLlse, Parkel"s RoW, near Drury 1712. Miss St. Leger (The Hon. Lane. (It appears for the last time in ;'Ill's. A ldworth) was detected eaves­ Lhe list for 1736 and was struck off dropping and was init iated as a Free­ the roll in 1740). A.97 lllason at a Lodge Meeting held at Doncraile Court (her father's house) 3. That meeting at the Apple Tree Co. Cork, Ireland. A.15 Tavern in Charles Street, Covent Gar­ den. (This lodge is now the "Fortitude 1713. Bishop Burnet, writing in nud Old Cumberland Lodge No. 12".). III;~. said that "those who came to A.98 he ordained as clergymen were ignor­ Of the four lodges, only one-that ant to a degree not to be compre­ meeting at the Rummel' and Grapes hended hy those who are not obliged Tavern-had a majority of Accepted to know it." P .176 Masons in its membership; the other 171l. At the beginning of the 18th. three being Operatives or largely so. Century, Freemasonry was more neg­ P.184 It'cled t han it had ever been before, The three lodges, viz., Crown, Apple N.31 Tree, and Goose and Gridiron, seem to Probably the year 1714 marks the have been Ope~ati"e Lodges or large­ Perind of Transition. when Amateur, ly ,0, compo~ed of working masons I'hilos(lj.hical, or Speculative Free- and brethren of the artisan class, 11 A ('HRO~OL()(;Y OF ;\L\SOXIC HISTOR' which mar accoLlnt for their laek of }[a!>tci as the Centl'e of Union and learlership. 1.17 II al'J11 OilY ," A fh'l' listing- the Four Loelg-e!'< that Obviomdy, then, the mov('ment wa, met. he continues: predominately a movement of Oper­ "They and some old brothers n1l'l ntin Masons. P.185 al th(> "aid ApplE' Tree and having­ I'lit . into the Chab' the oldest Ma~t(·\ Yet it is worthj' of not(' that the ~a!>OIl (now the Mastel' of a Lodgl') leading men of the Craft in those ear­ 1h e ~ · "()lIstituted hemsE'lve~ a G. L l~ ' day~ were nearly all of them Ac­ PI' O T(>lllpor(> i'l Dne Form and forth l'epted Masons and members of th., with l't'vin,d in th(' Quarterly Coni Rummer and Grapes Lodge. Ander­ nnmital ion;; of the Officer,; of LodgE', son, Desag-ulie!'s and Payn<' were of (l·alled tl1<' Gl'and Lodg-<.». resolved thal lodge: P,18n to holrl the A 11111lal A~semhly and R<.>fel'1'in!!: to the ahove meetin!!'. Feast, and then to choosp a Grand Anderson, in hi!' constitutions of Master from among- them;;e\v('s, till 1783. gays : 1 h e~· should havE' the honour (If .1 "Aftel' the rehelIion was over A. D. Noblc' Brother at thE'ir head." 1716, the few Lodges finding themseL ThE' mpC'tin!!:, aho\'p de;;(,l'iiled, had VI'}; n<.>glectd hy Sir Christopher Wren. a far raching effect as is shown ill thought fit to cement under a Grand the following' "edhill. Part Four THE REVIVAL

1717. Meeting ·of the ~'oUl' Old Lod­ Anderson. and Georg'(> Pa~'ne, whil'l ges and th<.> establishment of the first extended not over England but ovel Gt"and Lodge of England. A ,8:l the world, Men of the highest rank, as well as those of inferior position And<'>!'!,on (Constitutions of 1738) having 110 connection with Op(>ratiH' relates: Masonry. were lpd to enrol them~el "According-lyon St . .1 ohn '5 Day, in ves in the Order, in far great<.>l' num the ~'eal' of Kin/! George I, A, D. Lpl'fi than hefore N.31-' 1717, the Assembly and Feast of th" Fl'N' and Accepted Ma~on~ wa ~ held Social Conditions at the Time of th,· at the aforesaid Goose and Gridiron Revi\·al. ....dehollse. Brfon' dinne r. th(' oldest Ma~tel' Mason (Now the Master of a Bishop Litchfield's Sermon of 172.1 LodgE') in the Chair proposed a List before the Society fol' the R('format of proper candidates; and thE' Bre­ ion of l\Iannel's outlines the moral de­ thren hy a majority of Hands elected clension at this time. mentioning' that Mr, Anthony Sayers. Gentleman. !ewelne>'". (ll'unlwnncs;. and deg-ener Grand Master of Masons." a('~· \n~ r (' well nig'h univel'"al, no da" At this t ime, in A. D. 1717. a gl'ea~ being- free from infedion. ~furdpn l'e\'i\ al of Masonry was effected \\"l' !"l' committed and foul wanton oh· l through the exertion>' of De~ag'uliel'''. ;;celH' hooki; found so good a marke A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY 15 as to encourage the publishing of suddenly became extremely rapid, them. Immorality of every kind \Va;:; not only in Britain, but in the British so hardened as to be defended-yes, American Colonies, and on the Con­ ju::;tified on principle. tinent of Europe. N ,33 The assembly of 1717 becomes the The number both of Lodge and more remarkable when we see it in members was rapidly increased. Spec­ the setting of the age. Against such ulative Masonry received a new de­ a background when religion and m'-J­ velupment, although, as has alr'eady mls seemed to reach the nadir of been shown, the notion that it then degradation, the men that assembled first sprang into existence, is utter­ ;;tand out as prophets of liberty and ly el'l'oneous, illld is, indeed, incon­ faith and righteusness of life. P.174-5 sistent, with the fundamental prin­ Before the Grand Lodge of Eng­ dples on which Freemasonry is bas­ land was formed in 1717, Freemas­ ed. The original Constitutions, the on's Lodge were not under the abs­ Ancient Landmarks, Symbols, and "jute control of any Masonic authori­ Ceremonies of Masonry W€l'e all l'e­ ty. There were annual Grand As­ tai~ed and the first principles of semblies of Masons presided over by Masonry, were not only more widely a G. , M., without any warrant of proclaimed, but held forth to view (' on ~t i tution, 0,27 in greater prominence than ever be­ fore, especially the great guiding All Grand Lodges in existence in principles of Br, L., R., and T. N.32 1717 did not join with the Foul' Old The members of G. L. were later Lodges that formed the G. L. of termed ·'Moderns" or Modern Masons, England. Some of these came in a term of rebuke, because they had ~radLlaJly . LAO made improvements and innovations, One Masonic writer refers to the and had departed from the tradition­ year 1717 as the commencemente of al ceremonial working used by the the Transition Period. 1.44 Operath'George Payne elected Grand of F.ng-land definitely changed the Master of the Grand Lodge of Eng­ character of English Masonry from land, June 24th. L.11 an Operative to what is now called Payne "desired any of the Breth­ Speculative basis." M.11 ren to bring to Grand Lodge any old The formation of the G, L. during writings and records concerning llecember 1717 consolidated and re­ Masons and Masonry in order to vived Masonry. 0,27 show the usages of ancient times; To this-the Grand Lodge-may be a ll d this year several old copies of traced, through. one channel or an­ the Gothic Constitutions were produc­ other, all the Freemasonry in exist­ ed and collated". R.14 and 1.14 ence today. A.114 1719. Anderson says, "Now seve­ Masonry waf; not ::;imply revived ral old Brothers that had neglected . but refashioned, recast and refound­ the Craft, visited the Lodges; some l'd on a different basis for a "more noblemen ~ade Brothers and morc nohle and g\oriou's purpose", 1.18 new lodges instituted". TIl(' l'xten~ion of the OJ'der now P.203 and L.l1. 16 \ CHHO~OLOGY OF ~l \SO:\I(' HlSTOH't

1720, Andersoll writC'!", "SeH'ral ,Jan. 17t1~., 1723. (History from 1717 \ pry valuable manscripts concerninf,!" to 1722/3 missing), the Fratl'rnity, their Lo(\!\'('., Rl'gul­ KD} and 0.2!J and L.1lI ation~, Charges, Recrets, and Usage~ 8tukeley's Diary: "May 25th. Me (particularly one writ b~' JIll'. Nicho Duke of Queensbol'O, Lord Dum!>al' las Stone the \\'arden of Inigo Jone~) t.on, Hinchinbroke, etc., at Fount. were too hastily burned by SOI11l' Tan}i1 Lodg. to ron sider the Fea"t scrupulous Brothers, that these pa­ of St .•John". A.221f pers might not fall into strange Duke of Wharton, though not a hands". R.14 and 1..11 Mastel' of a Lodge got himself ir 1721. Stukeley's D'iary, "Jan. 6th. "('gularly proclaimed Grand JlIast(c'J' Y was made a Fl'eema~on at tIlt' in June, 1722. 1.21 ~alutation Tavern, Tavistock Street. The Duke of Wharton \Va" no pal with Mr. Collins, and Captain RowC'. ticula l' credit to the Fraternity for who made the famous diving engine". he openly led a dissolute life not ill i\.22~' keeping with JlIasonit principles. 1,.:1;; Duke of Montague-Granel Ma~ tc'r-found fault with the Old Char Stukeley's Diary: "Nov. 31'd. T111' gel; as being inadequate, and ordered Duke of Wharton and Lord Dalkeith Dr. Anderson to make a digel't of visited our Lodge at the Fountain". them with a view to formulating a A.22~1 better set of Regulations for the rull' J, Rohl'rts MS, Copy in posse"sioll of the Lodges. P.185 and P.}H(; of the Iowa Masonic Library. It Twelve Lodges att!'nded the June contains the following title: quarterly communication of G. L., and "The Old Constitutions Belongill!! 16 in September, and 20 in Decem­ to the Ancient and Honourable SociI' ber. P.204 t~· of Frel' and Accepted Mason". Taken f!'Om a Manuscript wrotl' In September, the First Book of d)ove 500 years since". A.!I Constitutions of the Order was C(J1ll piled at the request of the G. L. b~ 1723, Anderson's ('onstilut ion",. DJ". Anderson. who adopted the sub (Iated 17th. Januar~, introdul'\'d :: jl'ct matter from existing material othel' striking innovations, (llle of such a~ the Gothic Constitutions, wl1i('h \\'as it prohilJited the wllrkin;! their Old Charges. and Ancient Re­ of tlw "Ma,;ter';; Part" in Jll'ivatl' g'ulations, or the Leg'endal'Y Hi~tory lodge". (The G. L. decich-d to kl'e' .f th!' Craft or Guild of Operathe tlw l11(1st sael'ed part with it:-; 0\\ 1\ Masonf'. 0.2R contl'l']). R.!II and 1.1~' Stukeley's Diary: "Dec. 27th. W:! TIll' (,hal'~es ('ontain inn(l\'atil"I~. tIlet at the Fountain Tavern and b~ ' dirp('t rdl'relll'l' to Chl'i"tianit~ · "eing c(·m;ent of the G. M. pre~ent. Dr. omitted. 0.2': Beal. D. G. M., constituted a new TIll' II i"tOl'ical pod ion be!! ill" ,vit lod)!e there, wher!' I wa~ chosen a gay a"sumption that Adam Il1U"t l\I 1'." A.22!l have had the liberal scien(,l!. p:1I' 1722, Anderson's First Constitut­ . tkularl~' geometry, written '''I hi- heart. '1.2(; ion,,; approved by the G. L .• and pu­ hlisherl ill Feb., 1722. though dale!1 1'111' 1 i~;: edition mention- \ (,HRO~OLOG\ OF :\USONIC HISTOR\ 17

'I \\() J)t'~rl't·s. (I) Apprenti('l' part, The "Satmday Post", published in (2) l<'. C. or :'11 asters Part. 0.30 October, stated that "Many eminent The Duke of :\Tontague called G. L. Freemasons had by this time degrad­ """ion in ,January to heal the ed themselves und gone over to the 'Breach of Harmony" and had Whar­ Gormogons". P.210 lOll, who promised to be "True all I The Duke of Wharton goes oyel Faithful"-pl'oclaimed Grand 1Ia!

1725. The true M. 1\I. word was retired to Grantham, thinking l,~ discovered on a M. M. tracing board country exercise to get the better ()~ about this time. 0.26 it. Here I set up a Lodge of Fret Benjamin Franklin, who was em­ masons, who lasted all the time I ployed in Watts printing house in lived there". A.2:W London, tells of heavy drinking A Lodge said to have been esta­ a m 0 n g workmen and apprentices. blished at Prague about this time. etc. L.19 A.1Ui Division of ceremonies into Three 1 i2i. Fund of Benevolence est a Degrees was bI'ought into effect blished by G. L. of England. A.:::.! about 1725. L.41 The Annual Feast of G. L. brought F irst PJ.·ovincial Gra'nd Master some diffic ulty in management for elected to preside over Cheshire. in 1727 it developed that out of 50U A.184 tickets printed only 81 had been pai!l A lodge was established in Pari::;, for 8 days before the event. L.:li> F rance. A.ll1' 1728. A lodge established at Ma­ Brother Chetwode Crawley (Co' drid by the Duke of Wharton. mentaria H ibernica, Fasc. 2.) show~ K.50 and A.1l-' that a Grand Lodge of Ireland exist­ First Lodge established on foreign ed at this time. A.114 soil. P.20 1 Grand Lod~e of ALL England [Not in agreement with items un­ Formed. A.115 der 1726]. The growth of the pl"emier G. L. 1729. The Grand Lodge of Ireland of England (1717 ) attracted the at­ Ieol'ganized about 172\)/30, A.ll·\ tention of the Old Time Immemorial A Lodge wag set up in Prague b~ ' Lodge at York; which proceeded to Count Spol'ck as early as 1729 [81'': desig'nate itRelf-"The Grand Lodge also 1726]. I.6H of All England", in 1725. This Priv­ 1730. Exposures: Pritchard publish ate Lodge became a G. L. and me: ed his Masonic exposure "Masonn' at Merchant's Hall in the Cit y of Dissected". A.91 York on December 27th., and contin­ "It must not be forgotten that we ued to meet until about 1740, when read in this book that Brethren tra-' Loth the G. L. and the private one veiled from the E. to the W. in order became dormant. L.44 to seek for that which wa!' lost and The Old Lodge at York, that an­ is IIOW found." B.5 cient Mecca of F r eemasonry, had call­ Claire Martin wTote a reply to ed itself a Grand Lodge as early as Pritchard's Masonry Dissected, call· 1725. P.205 ed a "Defense of Masonry" which The ancient City of York had long was issued in 1730 and reproduced been a seat of the Masonic Craft, in the Com,titutions of 1738. A.52 tradition tracing it back to the days The Daily Journal of Aug. 15th .. of Athelstan, Whether t he old socie­ contained two articleR ·entitled. "Tht' ty was priyate or a G. L. is not pla in. Grand Vlhimsy of Masonry" and "Th" 1.32 Mystery and MotionR of Freema<;­ 1726. Stuckeley's Diary: "June, Be­ ollr~' Discovel'ed". A.91 ing sadly plagued with the gout. I [ I t i,o; 1 certain that at least one ..\ ("HRO;';OL()(;Y OF ~L\SONIC HISTORY 19

Lodge was working in Philadelphia XOlfolk (F:ngla'1d) tbere made the in 1730, and which left records dat­ Duke of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor ing from 1731. M.304 of Germany, and the Duke of New­ Benjamin I<'ranklin in his Philadel­ c:a!itle, Master Masons. B.l08 phia "Gazette;' for Rth. Decemb~r. First mention of "Tyler" in the 1730, observed that there were Se\'­ Mi nute!i of the Grand Lodge of Eng­ l'ral Lodges of Freemai'lon~ "erccterl land. A.237 in this Province". (He waR 'not yet James Keith, soldier of fortune in II Freemason). :\L30 1 the Russian Service, became Master Duke of Norfolk, G. M. of' F:ng­ of Lodge at St. Petersburg. 1.64 land, gave deputation to Daniel C~xt'. Earliest Military Lodge Warrant appointing him Pl'ovineial Grand i~ hued hy G. L. of Ireland to the then Master of New York, New .Terse:;, "1st. Foot", now the "Royal Scots". and Pennsylvania for a period of tW:1 A.I55 years. M805 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania es­ f'il'st ;'Iuthority for Freemason as· tablished, but soon gave up its inde­ sembli(,g in America, issued by Duk •.' pendent existence and worked as a of Norfolk to Daniel ('oxe, of N . .J.. Provincial GI'and Lodge. A.Ill aJlPointing him Provo G. M. of N. F ranklin in his "Gazette" (Phil­ York, N. Jersey, and PE.'nnsylvania, a ldelphia) of June 9th., 1732, notes but he seems not to have excerci e,) the organization of the G. L. of his authority. P .206 Penn ylvania of which he was ap­ As early as 1 no, or even eal'iier, pointed a Warden, at the Sun Tav­ ('omplaints were hearrl of the "Irre· ern in Water Street. P.207 gular Making of Mai'lons'·. 1.24 Franklin made Mastel' of his Lodge. Assessement of Lodges to aid M.307 Charity . Fund inti·oduced. [Given I 73:J. Freemasonry introduced into l'li'lewhere as 1729]. L.3(j Italy. A.117 P. G. M. Anthony Sayers charged Lodge formed at Florence by in 1 no with "great il'l'egularities" Lord Charles Sackville. B.153 and that he was summoned to ap­ G. L. of Dublin beaomes governing pear before G. L., Dec. 15th ., 1730. body of the Irish Craft, 1.55 He was acquitted of the charge and The G,rand Mastel' of .E ngland is­ recommended to do "nothing so irre­ sued a deputation to Henry Price i.(·ular in the future". L.3G of Boston appointing him Provincial 17:11. Benjamin Franklin was init_ G. M. of N~\V England and 'the dom­ iated in 17:31, ot' late in 1no. M.:30G lmon:; a nd territories thereunder Franklin was initiated "according belonging." T his on April 13th. to the old t'ustoms" r'ebruary, 1731. M.306 and 1.77 1.77 Henry Price has the honoUl' of be­ Franklin was initiated in 1730/1. ing the "Father of Regular Mason­ P.207 ry in America. P.206 :\Iaking :\lasOl1s at Sight. Lord A G. L. in Boston formed by Hen­ Lovell. being G. M., "formed an oc­ ry Price in July 1733, and Andrew ('asi'lIlal Lodge" and at Houghton Beleher, D. G. M. (This is the First lIall. Sir Robt>rt Walpole,.; hou~e in .\meriran Grand Lodge). M.306 20 A CHRONOLOGY OF l\1.\SO~IC HlSTOR\

Provincial G. L. formed at the Price granted warrant for a Lodge "Bunch of Grapes". (Boston). Q.31l at Portsmouth" New Hampshire, The Oldest Regularly Established M.311l Lodge of which there is any record G. M. of England aPl?ointed Robert in the U. S. A. is St. John's of Bos- Tomlinson Provincial G. M. for New ton, established in 1733. M.30::l England to succeed He'nry Price (173! The first lodg'c held under written dispatch believed to be in error). authority in America was formed at M.308 the "Bunch of Grapes" King Street. A Lodge established in Switzer- Boston. on 31st. August. 1733. 1.77 land. A.116 Earliest American ByJlaws Adopt- 173 7. ~rsecution: The Police of ed. 1.78 Paris raided a Masonic Lodge, carrieu 1734. Franklin was appointed Pro\,. away its documents and paraphern­ G. M. of Pennsylvania (under Price, alia and subjected its members to now Provo Gr. M. of His Majesty'" arrest and mistreatment. M.28G Dominions in N. America) . 1. 78 G. M. of Englanu appointed Rich­ F ranklin was made G. M. of Phila­ ard Rigg's, Provo G. M. of New York. delphia but he was by no means con­ M.31tl \'inccd of it~ regularity. M.306 Persecution. Louis XV assumed an Franklin promptly acknowledged hostile attItude to Freemasonry. Price's author ity. M.307 B.5-l Lodges established in Holland. Exposures. "The Secrets of Ma>'­ Portugal. and Sweden. 1.64, A.116-7 onry l\Iade known to All Men", B~ ' Robert Lacey appointed 1st. PTO\,. S. P. "The Myster~' of Freemasonry". G. M. of Georgia. Q.120 "The Mysterious receptions of the Solomon's Lodg'e No. 1 Savannah, celebrated Society of Freemasons". Georg'ia, established. M.303 A.91 Solomon's Lodge Charleston, South A Lodge established at HambUrg'. Carolina established. M.303 A.1111 Henry Price warranted a Lodge at 1738. The Master's Lodge of Bos- Charleston. M.310 lon. organized by Price. Q.37 1736. Fil'st Mention of F. C. De- The G. L. at Boston authorized the gree in U. S. A. 1.78 constitution of a Lodge at Charle,;­ John Hammerton appointed (1st.) ton (?) M.310 P. G. M. of South Cal'olina. Q.121 A Lodg'e worked in New York, but States of IIollahd issue (1 a decre\! it is not known whether it was insti­ forhidding' Masonic assemblies. M.286 tuted by Coxe. M.310 :h:i lwinning- Lodge, which had bee:l A Lodge was established in Canada. a Parent Lodge, gave up its inde­ A.Il' Jlendence and joined the Scottish G. Exposure. "Masonry further Jig- L. at it's formation. E.4 sected" published in London. A.HI Will iam St. Clair of Roslin elected Persecution. Bull of Pope Clemente 1st. G. M . of Masons of Scotland on XII . i;;;sued condemning Freemasonry fOl'mation of the Grand Lodge of and excollll1lunicating all concerned Scotland. A.214 in it. L.37 and A.i)!1 A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY 21

In 1738 the Vatican launched its Thos. Oxnard issued a warrant ap­ thunders against the Craft with dead- pointing Franklin Pro. G. M. of 1, effect. 1.70 Pennsylvania. M.309 Anderson produced a revised or 1743. G. L. of Scotland erected a 2nd. edition of the Book of Constitut­ :\I ilitary Lodge in the "55th. Foot". ions of Freemasonry but without per_ A.156 mission ot the G. L. It it quite ap­ Persecution . .] ohn Coustos, a native parent thllt he amplified the story of Berne, Switzerland, seized and of Freemasonry and introduced a matter which is frequently a source tortured by the Inquisition, impris­ oned and finally condemned to the of difficulty of the Masonic student galleys for four years for being a who cannot accept all he has stated Mason and refusing to divulge the as authentic historical facts. 0.29 secret of the Order. A.59 The 1738 edition mentions Three Degrees: (1) Entered Apprentice, Grande Loge Anglaise de France (2) F. C. And (3) Master. 0.30 established. A.116 It was alleged by the Operatives ["P" gives it as 1736]. that Anderson invented the Legend In a letter to Horace Mann in of the Third Degree. 0 .30 1743, Horace Walpole remarked that 1739. Entry: "Captain Andrew }Iasonry was in so low repute in Rngland that nothing but a persecut­ Tombes was made a Mason and "rais­ ion would bring it back into vogue. ed" to a F. C. 1.78 I.26 1740. Grand Lodge of All England dormant. L.44 1744. John Coustos (see 1743) case Lodge "Star in the East" No. 67- was brought to the notice of the oldest in India warranted. C.37 British Government, and he was re­ leased upon demand of the British English patent as P rovincial G. M. Mi nif;ter at Lisbon. A.59 of Lodge in St. PetersbUl'g g'l'anted to James Keith (see 1732) . Ui5 Persecution. The Police persecution Persecution : Philip V., of Spain, is­ came to a sudden end in 1744 after sued an edict b,' which members of the celebrated raid on the Lodge at the Lodge of :'Iadrid were either the Hotel de Soissons in Paris, when ' thrown into prison or sent to the g~l ­ the landlord, Denis Ie Roy, was heav­ leys. I. 71 ily fined. (See 1737). B.5-! 1741. A Charter regularly issued 1745. The last English Masonic for a Lodge in Norfolk (Va.). M.310 "Procession of March". A.2I8 1742. William Preston born in Exposure. "L'Ordre de France Ma­ F:dinburgh. L.44 <:ons trahi" published in Amsterdam. Twenty one lodges existed in Paris. A.91 B.53 The Menu of an Instal}ation Din- Lodges formed at Vienna and ner of the Old Lodge at J edburg: Frankfort-on-the-Maine. P.205 Cost per dinner . . Eight pence. Lord Ward, G. M. of England, Provision for Thirty. designated Thos. Oxnard of Boston, Broath- Two large pieces of beef I'rov. G. :\1. for North Americ3_ with green~-6 hens and a quart­ M.309 er of r oast mutton-3 dozen r olls 22 A. CHRO:\OLOG\ OF M \SONIC HISTOR\

and ten pints of thn'(>l'enny alc", for a second lodge to meet at Royal C.131j Exchange Tavel'n, Boston. was grant­ 1146. Constitutions. A new title ed in Febraury. Q.:ri I'a~'(' wa~ prefixed to the Constitut­ A third lodg-e to meet at the Li · ion>' (rcmaining: copies of the 1738 bl'rty House Tavern was warranted edition) but otherwise no alteration in March. Q.:l7 waf; made. A.56 1750. First English Military Lodg'l' 171 i. Lord Byron. upon becoming' established and attached to the G. 1\1. of England, promptly appoint­ "31st. Foot". A.lSI; ([I William Allen of Philadelphia, G. [0' L'l'l'ma~onry spreads to Marylaltd M. of Pennsylvania, and Franklin ac­ and Connecticut. Q,l~ eepted A llen'~ appointement as D. F'el'Clinand Vll condemned Mason, G. M , M.30!l to death without trial or mercy. 1749. There was an English Pro­ 1.71 yincial Grand Lodge' in Denmark at The Indu~trial Rcyolution made it~ thi: time. 1.61 appearance in England, and capital. \<'reema80nr~' spread~ to Rhode b- so necessary to the utilization ot land. Q.12 power on a larg-e scale, was availablr, Deputation of the Provincial G. M. L.1!j

Part Five

) i;jl. Lord Byron appointed Fran­ to the 0 It! Institution ", Six Lodgl" eb Goelet Proy. G. M. for New York. organized, LA) M.3l0 July 17th, 1751-A Grand Lod~p Pratt'~ Irish Constitutions. P.217 according to the Old Institutio' Edict of Pope Benedict XIV. Con­ (York, AthoH, or Antients) saw th., firming anrl supplementing. bull of light. 0.31 1738. 1'1.287 'Estahlishment of a body which af­ ierwards becam(' thl' Grand Lodge THE DIV[SION of the Antients, A,8:~ A. rival Grand Lodge was ol"!.raniz­ Thi8 new body mainfained that I'd on Feb. 5th 1751. at th(' Griffin they alone preserved the Ancient ten_ Tayern. Holbol'l1, London. and the et~ and practices of l\1a~onry, and following yeaI' became known as the that the regular lodgef; had alten'd "Most Ancient and Honourable' Fra­ the Landmal'k~ and made innovation" ternity of Free and Accepted Mas­ as they undoubtedly had done about ons". 1.28 the yrRI' 1730, when "Masonry Dis­ [Note following ven;ions], sected" (Pritchard) appeared. Henc,," July 17th" l75l-0rganized meet­ • th,' nrwly formed hody assumed the ing at Turk's Head Tavern, Greek title "ancient" Masons, and called Street, London, under n a m e of their riYal" of the old Grand Lodge. "Gland Lodl!"e of England According "modern .. ". A.HI A eHROl OLOG\ OF MASOXIC HISTORY

The precise causes which led to (8) Ritualistic changes involvinl! the establishment of this Gran-i words and signs, Lodge are not quite clearly ascertain­ (9) Erasure of chartered Lodge.- ed, but it has been satisfactorily from the G. L. reg-is tel', L.3U e~tablished by Bro. Henry Sadler Erasures were due to Lodges not in his "Masonic Facts and Fictions" "paying in their Chal'ity", Erasure" that the new body consisted at first, due to discontent 1.27 and 1.2il (If Irish Masons, settled in London, 45 lodges were erased b~' the Mod,­ and not of schismatics who deserted erns from 1742 to 1751/2. One sourCl' the old lodge, as was at one time of the gains made by the "antients" supposed to be the case. The two after organizing in 1751.) LAO bodies continued in rivalry until 1813, when the present United G ran d 17;')2. Laurence Dermott "t hat Lodge of England, Ancient and Free most audacious, enthusiastic, \'ehe­ and Accepted Masons, was formed ment, and indefatigable genius in the h~' the \'irtual surrender of the "mod­ annals of Freemasonry, was elected erns". A.20 Grand Secretary of the antients", I.2U CAl'SES RESULTING IN THE The records show that some of the DIVISION Lodg'es which did not join in the "re­ \'ival" movement of 1717, were known (1) Fear, not unjustified by facts, as late as 1752. Such Lodges assembl­ that the ancient democracy of the ed under what was known as "time Order had been infringed by certain immemorial" rights. They were eon acts of the G. L. of 1717. ~idered "irregular Brethren", LAU (2) Tendency to give distinctive Geol'g'e \I/ashington initiated -lth 'Christian tinge to Freemasonry, in Nov. in the Lodge at Fl'edricksbur!!,', the interpretation of the symbols ancl, Virginia, (He is reported to ha\'e later, the Ritual itself. been under the age of 21 yeal's nt thi;; time). A.Q.C.XLlII. 18" (3) Scottish and En~lish Freemas­ The First Ancient Lodge in Boston onr~ did not harmonize, met and organized at the Green Dra­ (4) Pride of l ocalit~, and historic gon Ta \'ern. (Not in agreement with memories led to inde'pendent organi­ 1755 item,) Q.37 zation. 17:13. Locke MS. This well known (:J) TIll' ever pn',.;ent element of eatechism first appeal'ecl in the "Gen­ l'er~onal ambition, P,214 tleman':; Magazine". (6) Adoption ~,f article 1, of the The catechi8m is headed: (har,gl'~ of a FrCI1I11S0n as part of "Certayne questyions wyth awn­ the new Constitution of 172a which ~weres to the same, concernynge the I ermittet! the m('1ll hership of non­ l\l~·stery of Macomye, wl'yttene by Christians, the Rande of Kynge Hemye the (7) He'tl'iction imposed by Article Sixthe, etc." A.14~ 1:1 of thL' General Regulations (June Lord Catysfort-G. 1\1. of England ~-l. 1721). "Apprentice must be ad­ -appointed George Harrison. PI'O­ mitted ::\Iaster~ and Fellow Craft vincial G, :\1. of Kew York. Ke\' (1111~' hl'l'e (in (;, L.) l1nles~ by di~­ Ylll'k',: real ::\!a"onie Hi4or~' start>' pen~ation ", 1\1.:1 U 24 ,\ CHRO~OLOGY OF ~lASONIC HISTORY ,

A Pl'O'-. G. L. organized and rluly rlependent of England and assumed c'onstituted in December, in l'Netherlands Carolina. Q.12 founded_ A.l1 (j Earliest Imow minute referring to Engraved certificates of member- i·dual "'orking- of the R. A. Degl'ee ship authorised. L.37 in America (Fredericksburg- Lodge) . Antients: Ear 1 of Blessington 1.82 made First Nohle G. M. in Decembe\' Geol'ge Washington r aised. -till 175D160. P .217 A.Q.C. XLIII. 188. Constitutions: Dermott issued his Antients-Rober t Turner, electerl First Const. Book of Anc. G. L. (Ahi­ <1 nd installed First Grand Master for man Reton). LAI ~ ix months, Detcm ber 5th, 1753. Dermott published first book of L.41 laws of the Antients, entitled "Ahi­ 17:;·1_ P. G. L. of South Caroli na man Rezon", or "Help t o a Brother". (moderns) (~ec also 1787). V.7 P.216 36 Lodg'es of the "antients" on the Extract: "A Mason is obliged by 1'011 (Eng-lano ). L.41 his t enure to observe the moral law Rohert Turner l' e-elected G. lVl. of as a true ~oa (' hida". (The ter m the Anticnts in J une. L.41 N oachida refelTing- to the belief tha~ Edward Vaug'han elected G. M. of Masons ar e desc7 . I-I alTi~on, Pro,". G. :\1. of A.D J New York, is,.;ucd a warrant to St. 17:;;;_ Jeremy Gridley installed G. .J ohn's Lodge No. 2, ~ew York, De­ :\1. of Ma~Mc hu setts . M.312 cember 7th; now No. 1 on the roll Exposure: "A Mason's Confessiort". of G. L. of !\ ew York. :\1.31 1 A.91 The first Antient Lodge Chartered Earliest Atholl Warrant in exist­ in American was No. 65. Pr ovo G. L. ence, viz., that issued to Enoch of Nova Scotia . L.·U Lodge, and bears date 1755 (Not in 1758. Antients issue varrant to !\" agreement with 1752 item ). T.4G 69 Philadelphia. L.43 Eldest son of Nawab of the Car­ F redericksburg- Lodge taken oyer nat ic initiated at Tr inchinopoli Lodge by the Antients. I.82 No. 355, India, (C-77 and K-71 say­ 1760. Naval Lodge en board H.}\I. J775). D.17G S.' "Vanguar d" wunanted. (M oved to 1756. Constitutions: 31' d Edition London in 1768 , and is now London nppeared, edited by the Rev. John Lodge No. 108). A.221 Entick, an(1 consisted of 500 copies G. L. estab l i~ h ed in Sweden. on small, and 250 copies on large A.116 paper. A.56 G. 1.. of Pru,",sia formed 1.67 G. L. Ang-lail'e declared itself in- S~"mpathi~er" with Antient :\Io\'e- .\ CHRONOLOGY OF ~L\SONIC HISTORY 25 ment in England formed a Lodge in performed any other funetion in B os~on (St. Andrews), and l'eceived Lodge until the year 1760 when on a a warrant of constitution from the motion in the Grand Lodge of Eng­ (;. L of Scotland. M.312 land, it was made one of the GT. A self-constituted Lodp:e, (St. An­ LTS. W.63 drews) received a Scottish warrant Charity: "Resolved that the sum (granted four years before). 1.80 of Fifty Pounds be sent to Germany Prior to promulgation of the An­ to he distributed among the soldier s tient Landmarks in 1723, we have no \\o'h o al'e Masons in Prince Ferdi­ (C \,idence that any use was made {of nand's army whether English, Han­ the Bible in Lodge except to obli­ overians, or Hessians". L.38 !rate candidates upon it. The acces~;ion of King George III, F.129. "01. 2 is Ll sually taken as the beginning of There i ~ no evidence that the Bihle the re\'olutionary I)eriod. Q.35 Part Six

1761. In April. St. John'::; G. L thence to Somerset House in 1766. (Boston) passed a vote of outlawry A.221 ag'ainst "A Lodge of Scotch Masons Exposure: "Ja<;hin and Boaz". IJ1 Bostoll -meaning St. Andrews. A.91 Q.38 1 i 63. William Preston became a Frel'll1a~onry spreads to N'ew J el'- i\lason about 1763 in a Lodge meet­ "('y. Q.12 ing at the White Hart Tavern, Lon­ Other Philadl'lphia wal'l'ants issued don. (Later this Lodge became No. 1,:-, the Antients. L,43 111 on the roster of the Antients. Grand Lodge of all Eng-land Uevi\'­ They t hen >;eclIl'ed a charter from the :\iodern>;, and the Lodge subsequent­ l'cI: h~' () of its survi\'inv: members ly became Caledonian Lodge No. 325, /continued till 17!1L). P ,215 no w No. 134). L,44 They wcre revived at t he House From 1763 to 1773 the opposition of Mr. II. llowarrl, in Lendall, in the of the Colonies to the efforts of King "aid City of Yo rk, 17t h Marc.:h, 1761. George the Third, and his Ministers, :\0 ('\'i dpnl'l! of its existence aft er to have them pay part cost of the 1792. L.44 F rench and Indian Wars, was led by Less than 12 lodges were chartered Floeemasons, and Masonic Lodges I)y thi~ body f1'olm date of constitut­ were among the chief centres of ef­ ion to 1790. L.44 fective resistance. Q.35 F rancis Drake, M. D., F , R. S., be­ 1764. Antient Go L. of England t:al11e t~. 1\1. at York upon its r evival, warranted a Pro v'!. G. L. in Penn­ and held office for one year. A.73 syh'ania, and soon completely domi­ 1762. Naval warrant issued to nated the Modern opposition. lodge on board H . M. S. "Pr ince" at M.312 Plymouth. Lodge removed on board Other Philadelphia wal'l'ants iSRued I r. :\1. ~. "Glladaloupe" ill 17(;4, and by the Antients. L.43 26 A CHROXOLOGY OF M \SO~lC HISTORY

Constitutions: Dermott',; 2nd Edit- drew' Lodgc-wa. organized on :t. iun. L.41 John's Day 1767, with Joseph \~'ar' Exposure: "Hiram 01' the G. 1\1. ren as G. :\1. of Masons in Boston Key". A.91 and within 100 milcs of the city. P.224, Q.13 and Bombay District G. L. formed. un C.73 1768. Naval Lodge on board H. 1\1. 176;), Exposure: "Shibboleth, 01' S. "Canceaux" at Quebec wanante,1 e\'ery man a Freemason". A.91 (Erased in 1792). A.222 English Lodges set up in Belgium Grand Lodge of England proposed in Alost in 1765 (others in Ghent, plan for raising fund to build Hall- 1/68, and Mons in 1770) . . 1.63 Oct. 28th. L.a Freemasonry spreads to Delaware. 1769. St. Andrews and the thrl;l Q.12 military Lodge (see 1767) wen' 1766. Exposures: "Solomon in all granted a warrant of constitution a a Grand Lodge by thc G. L. of Scot­ all his Glory" "Mahhabone, 01' the G. L. door opened". A.91 land. New body called itself thl' "Massachu::;ctts Grand Lodge" (Ant­ 1767. Constitutions: 4th Edition ients), the old one being known a prepared by a Committee, published. "St. John's Grand Lodge". A.56 M.312, U.7 and Q.W Grand Lodge of Spain formed. Exposure: "The Freemason Strip- A.1l7 ped ~aked". A.!J2 Exposure: (Circa 1767) "Tubal 1770. Evidence recentl) f 0 u n (I Kain". A.91 points t6 the existence in Londo! Madras District Lodge (G. L.) from 1770 to 1775 of yet another C.73 formed. Grand Lodge, apparently formed b~ Making Masons at Sight: some Scotch Masons, with somc foul Lord Blaney, G. M. convened "an 01' five lodges under its control. occasional Lodge" and confened A.115ft; three degrecs on the Duke of Cum­ There had even ari!'en in LondoJl berland. B.108 n sclf con:tituted Scotch Grand Lodgl Gridley died and was succeeded by which had five lodges under it, but John Rowe. 1\1.312 it collapsed in 1776. K .1~· Steps were taken to f01'm a rival "¥e I"eavin sciences" (of our 2nd Prov'l G. L. under Scottish obedience degTee lecture) developed h~' Willian, by St. Andrews and Three Militan' Preston about 177 . L.~-; Lodges attached to the British Army In Pennsylvania the victory of th.· -all foul' using the Antient system. Antients O\'Cl' the Moderns was an (Wal'l'antcd 1769) . 1.81 nihilating. so much so that hy 1770. The Green Dragon Tavern at Bos­ ~J II :'IT odem Lodge~ had ceased t\ ton, referred to by Webster in 1823. exist (?), and the Antient Grand bod~' as the "Headquarters of the Revolu­ was setting up Lodges beyond th~ tion". P.223/4 bonIer,.; of Pennsylvania, in other pro It was also a Masonic Hall, in the vince". 1.1I! Long Room of which the G. L. of The Bo!'ton Massacre. !\larch :>th, Massachusetts-an offshot of St. An- A "entinel posted at the CustOIll.' A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTOR\ 27

House \Va;; attacked by a body of r':arl of AntL·im,. G. M. of Ireland. citizens fol' either pushing, or strik­ 177:: to 177D. (Was also G. M. of the' ing a boy with his musket. Troops Antipnt" in England from 178~:- sent to his relief were met with a 1791). L. l '~ volley of snowballs and pieces of icc . During the uproar the soldier fired The Boston Tea Riot,,: into the mob, killing five and wound­ The 'Tea Party' according to th· ing- seven. The hostile attitude of Tradition of St. Andrew~ Lodge. the people sUb:;equently caused th<.! orig ina ted within its walls and wa:; troops to remove to Ca"tle William. carried out under its leadership. The hi~t,)rian of Massachusetts in­ Q.51 forms u~ that the incident had im­ 1771. I're~ton elected \\'. M. of An­ portant Masonic com;equences. tiquity Lodge .June 15th. 177-1. LA:; Q.46-7 By further 8c()tt i ~h patent, Warren 1771. Joseph Montfort commision­ wa~ appointed G. M. for the Contin­ ed by the Grand Lodge of England. ent of Ameri<:a. 1.81 a>' Provincial G. M. of North Am­ About this time Boston had six eric-a. fO l' lodg-es at Newbern (1772). Lodges: Kiston (1777), Edinton (1775) Wind­ a IHodern. sor (1775) and \Vinton (1775) in 1 Lodge composed of P . Ms, and North Carolina. Q.122 others who had been raised t'J John .Johnson, G. M. of New York. the Master's Degree. M.31:1 2 Scotch Lodge~. Q.::G The Third Duke of Atholl, G. M. Military Occupatiun of Boston. of the Antients up to 1774. A.30 Comparison of the Antient and Green. Modern Rolls in England at thiR 177::'. The fonrth Duke of Athol!. time: G. M. of the Antients up to 178l. A.31l LODGE~ The 4th Duke of Atholl waR G. 1\1 London. Country. Foreign. of Scotland and England at the saml' Antienb 74 83 43 time. P.22' Modern .... 157 164 100 MaRonic Hall. London. dedicate.! L.41 May 2~rd. Ul-l 1772. Lord Pet/'e, G. M. of the \Yillialll Preston. the father Gf our Moderns in England from 1772 to 2nd Degree lecture. tell" us in hi, 1776, was a devout Roman Catholic. "Illustrations of Freemas 0 n r y"­ L.37 "When the rig-onr of season first 1773. G. L. of F ram'e becomes the obliged men etc." L.22 Grand Orient of France. A.lIn The third section of his book 1, Vibert say 'A body was set up in commence,,; "From the commencement 1773. which is thl' present G. Orient of the Worlel. we may trace the of France. Earliest Lodges in France foundation of Masonry". M.2!1 formed their own G. L in 1736" K.67 .\:\1ERIC.\~ COLONIES IN [luke of Atholl, G. r.1. of Scotland. REVOLT: L.42 'Concord - Lexingtori - Washing- 2 .\ Cl-lRO~OLOGY OF MASONIC HISTOR\ ton besieged Boston - Bunker HilL pendent and Sovereign G. L. in Amcr­ Grcei1 ica. 1.87 Warren killed at Bunker Hill. 1.87 Washington declined the honour of At the time of the \\"ar of Indepen· First G. M. of Virginia because he dence there were seyen Provincial has never been Master or 'Varden of Grand Lodg'es under one jurisdiction a Lodge. A. Q. C. XLIII. 18!1 or another. K.6!J The Rev. William Dodd, Ll. D .. At the time of the Revolution then' First Grand Chaplain of Englan'] were perhaps 100 station'y Lodge~ (appointed 1775) was executed for and 50 military Lodges, of which; fOl'g'ery in spite of vigorous effort: 9 were Scottish Const. to obtain his pardon. A.7Z 23 Irish 5 Antient Several Masonic Historians declare 13 Modern. M.318 that there i~ no evidence in the old records of the Craft of more than Chaos-Both Antients and Modern~ One Degree in the Ancient Operative were cut off from G. L. beyond seas. Lodges, if, indeed, it can be called a The TOl'ies maintained the ascend en­ degree at a ll in our sense of the ('y in the Modern jurisdiction, whil~ word. Such Degrees as the F. C. and the Revolutionists maintained the as­ M .M. were not known and ' did not cendency in the Antient Jurisdict­ exist prior to this date. I. 7 ion. M.313-4 P reston's Lodge resolved to attend Fellowship was suspended-but it Church Sen'ice in Masonic clothing \\'as not severed . . . Indeed at no time in spite of G. L. forbidding the pub­ did the G. L. of England ask, much lic appearance in regalia. LA:') It',;" exact, any lax, levy 01' subsidy from any Colonial Lodge, and it doc: 1778. Preston, as Master of the nut ask it to-day of ' the Colonial Lodge of Antiquity, ,vas expelled by Lodges that remain under its juris­ the G. L. of the Moderns for return­ dilion. If instead of taxing the Col­ ing with Brethren in their Masonic (,nics to pay debts incurred by Eng­ clothing from attending Divine Ser­ land they had acted after the manner vice. A.17!) of tire Mother Grand Lodge-how On 27th Dec. 1777. P.217 (iil'ferent the result might have been. 1.83 Preston's L(Jdg-e withdrew from (;. L. and formed an alliance with the 1776. An appendix to the Constitu­ Old G. L. of All England at York tiuns was issued, written by Bro. \\ illiam Preston. A.57 Cit:\,. They were received by the York G. Lodge des Neuf Soeul's founded in L. and soon thereafter obtained a Paris but collapsed in 1792. B.55 constitution for a G. L. of England Declaration of Independence - 4th South of the River Trent (see 1779) . .July. P.218 1777. The Graud Lodge of Mas­ 4th Duke of Atholl G. M. of Scot- ;;achusetts (Anticntg) - First Sover­ land. from 1778 to 1779. L,42 ei!-(u and Independent G. L. in the l' nited Stat·es established. A.nO Dermott's :1rd Constitutions. (An- Yirgin;a he(,ollle~ the Second Inde- tients). LA1 A CHHONOLOGl OF MASOXIC HISTORY 29

James Monroe initiated at Wil­ governed the Grand Lodge of Eng­ liamsburg, Virginia. land. T.8 A. Q. C. XLIII. 188 1783. William Randall, Earl of 1779. Grand Lodge of England Antrim, G. M. of the Antients (Eng­ outh of the River Trent formed, land) from 1783-1791. L.4:3 owing to a dispute between the mem­ Duke of Cumberland G. M. (Lord ben; of the old Lodge of Antiquity in Effingham D. G . M.) appointed Hen­ · ,ondon. and the G. L . of the Modem;; ry Hanlford, Provo G. M. of Mary­ ( ' ee 1778). A.115 land. A. Q. C. XLIII. 67 Preston formed G. L. of England Grand Lodge of Maryland founded. tho of the River Trent from group~ U.I x Lodge of Antiquity and Lodge 1 The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania (Perfect Observance) and Lodge 2 constituted its elf an Independent (Per;;('vel'anee and Triumph ). L,44 body. 1.87 Thi", body was chartered by the The G. L. of Pennsylvania con­ '. L. of All England on March 2!)th stituted itself an independent body by 779. L.44 re~ ol ution which they forwarded to Thb bod>' only constituted two Engla nd, intimating that as the two ubordinate lodges. P.218 countries had become separated in Grand Orient of Geneva organized. govemment, it was thought desirable 1.70 that each of the countries should 1780. The G. L. of Pennsylvania have their own separate Masonic Iroposed the appoi ntment of .a G. M. jurisdictions, and therefore, the G. of ?la;;ons throughout the U. S. A., L. of Pennsylvania expressed the and Washing-ton nominated by bal­ wish that friendly relations that had ot but project fell thr ough. existed proviously would always be A. Q. C. XLIII. 18D maintained. :\Iusic. :Ylozart initiated at the age The G. L. of England heartily ac­ of 2·!, II (' \vas a member of the Lodge cepted the new constitution, stating "Zur Gekl'onten H offnung". He com­ that they agreed with the Amer ican )os('<1 a ('onsiderahle amount of mu~- Brethren that in the circumstances, · c fol' Masonic pm'poses, including at the close of the conflict, it was ;i~ deri(ledly Masonic Opera "Die well that so,:ereign juridietion on '7aUbel'flote". C.155 both sides of the sea be maintained, and offering a prayer that for all 17R 1. Yorktown : The U. S. final­ time the friendly relations which had > a~sumed the t oga virilis of inde­ always existed between English and [)entienc:e at Yorktown when Corn­ American Masonry, and had not been ·,alli". ablest of British generals, sur­ hoken, e\'en during civil strife, tendered to the American forces led might remain intact. 1.87-8 · y Brothel' Alexander Hamilton, with rother Knox in charge of the artil- TREATY OF PEACE letT. Q.128/\J 1il'l2. A Provincial (Antient) G. L. At thc end of the conflict the Craft organized in N~w York by three took up its labours and went for­ local and ~ix army lodges. l\I.3l;'j ",al·d. A. between the Antients ann From l7HZ to 18la a Royal Prince the Model'11$ it is a curious circum- 30 _\ CHRO:\OLO(;Y OF MASONIC HISTORY stance .. . that with notable exceptions During the Revolution many lodge,:; the Anc'ients supported the cause of were constituted without G. L. autho­ the Coloni,ts, while the ;l.iodems in­ rization, estimated at 200 warrants elined to the side of the Motherland. by not less than 13 Grand Lodges. Taken as a whole, had it not been Of the 56 sig'ners of the Declarat­ for the attitude of the Ancient ion of Imlependence, 5:3 were said to Lodges, the story of Freemasonry in be Masons. M.314 t he Revolution might have been al1- other history, and its position in The hodies. one by one, claimed in­ America today very different from depr-ndence of English sovereignity. what it is. 1.83-4 M.316 Part Seven

1784. Constitutions: 5th Edition :llJ , Penn., on the occasion of his visit. published, edited by Bro. John A. Q. C.-XLIlI-18!J. No 0 l' tho u c k with a frontispiece TREATY OF PEAC~U. S. A.­ dated 1786 by Cipriani, Bartolozzi and ENGLAND-RATIFIED others. It was the last to contain the Historical introduction which occupie,; 1786. As late as April 24th., 1786, ;150 pages in it, and also the Masonic two brothers were proposed members Muse, without which, at one time, no ()f Domatic Lodge 177, London, and book on Freemasonry, was 'onsidered were rejected because they were not complete. A.157 Ullerative ;\lasons. (Some Lodge~ G. L. of England (Moderns) grant­ would never <1rimit Speculatives.) ed negros under Pr ince Hall, a Char­ P.160 ter, the Lodge being named "African G, L's of Pennsylvania, Georgia and Lodge No. 4!)!l" (In 1792 became No. ~ew .Jersey l'stablished. (See ahio :l70, This warrant did not reach Hall 178:)) . U.7 until 1787. A.162 ) 7!l7. Alexandria Lodge No. :31l A rival Grand Lodge (l

King George 4th (then Prince of initiated in the Lodge at Trim in De­ "-ales) was initiated on the 6th Feb- cember. He took no further degree~. ruan' 1787. B.7a A. Q. C. XV -117 Masons at sight. According to The Prince of Wales (later Georg,~ Preston, t he Prince of Wales wa:; IV) elected G. M. of England (Mo­ made a Mason "at an occasional .derns) till 1813. (See note 1787 re hi" Lodge for the purpose at the Star an,j initiation.) A.83 & B.15:! Garter, Pall Mall, London, by the 1791. 4th Duke of Atholl G. M. of Duke of Cumberland". B.108 the Antients up to 1813. A.30 Grande Loge closed on account of 1788. Royal Masonic School for the French Revolution. B.55 Girls (Moderns) was established. L.411 G. L. of Rhode Island, established. It was founded by ChavaIier Bar­ D.7 tholomew Ruspini, Sword Bearer. L.:~~ 1792. Grand Lodge of all England collapsed. A.115 It was called at the outset the P.215 gives date as 1791 L.46 says- "Royal Cumberla n d Freemasons' 1792. School", CJI Massachusetts Rival G. Ls. (An­ 1789. Cnited States Constitution;; tient and Modern) amalgamated. in effect March ,tth. 1789. M.311i 1793. Laying of corner stone of Grand Lodges of Connecticut anll the Capitol was carried out with New Hampshire formed. U.': Masonic ceremonial. 49 warrantfl were issued by the AII­ A. Q. C. XLIII-18H tients up to 1789 to Military LodgPH Grand Orient struggled thl'oug'h till' toy means of which Maflonry was car­ French Revolution period to 1793. Its ried to distant places in both hemi­ G. M. fell under the guillotine. B.55 spheres. L.42 1794. G. L. of Vermont formed. D.7 The Moderns by 1789 had gl'8dually 179:1. The 1784 Austrian G. L. and developed an elaborate Ritual of mor­ al teaching, based on the V. S. L. subordinate Lodges died out when th(, and first book of Constitutions. 0.31 Edict Ol'dered dissolution of all secrel The Grand Lodge of England South societies in the Austrian dominion,. A.lId of the River Trent collapsed, upon Gran Loge revived. B.55 Preston and friends being restored TO the privileges of the Society. A.17J 1796. Masons at sight. Minute Book entry of Witham Lodge No. 2n7 (G. L. G. L. of England Sth of the River of England) . "June 13ih 1796-Fol' Trent ceased to exist, having adjusted divers causes us hereunto moving w,' their differences. A.1H do b~r these presents dispense with the Having failed-in ] 789-Preston usua' pre"ious notice of initiating, anrl and his friends recanted their folly. we do permit the Rev. William Gra, apologised to the G. L . . . . and were of the Cathedral Church of Lincoln received back inio the fold P.218 to be initiated into these mysteries at Preston was reinstated by the G. L. this Lodge". T.7 of England-All honours and dig­ 1797. First official overtures matil' nitie:; were restored to him. L.45 by the Antients with a view to Union 1790. The Duke of Wellington wa . with the Modern~. LAIl .\ CHRO:\OLO(;' OF ~L\SONIC HISTOR\

The propo~al wa" \ ot('d dowll in I he Jlri~on of til(' 1nquisition \\ here h A ntient G. L. I.'l7 li\'C'd for nearly 1h1'ee yeurs, ancl fin,

Washington, addl'l.'s,;inj.( (;. L. (l ally escaped. A.t;2

:\Ia"a(:hu~ett", saiel: "1\1 y atta(:hment I~mphati(' ('xpl'('ssion voiced iJy th to the Society of which we are melll .\ ntients to the dfect that Ma~(1I1. hers will dispose me always to contJ'i, nwde in Lodges of the Moderns could hute my best endeavours to promot(> not be received in Ludges of the A11- 111<' honour and prosperity of the tipnts. L.lt; Craft". U.8 IS03. Grand Sl'('l'l'tary of the fOI 1798. Royal Masonic School (i"'lt,.;, Bro. Tho,.;. lTarper, who \\u Boys estahlished by the Antients. 1':,;peciaJly opposed to a Union with (I':ngland.) A.34 the Moderns was expelled through Royal :'1asonic School for Boy,; \Va .OIlW IInwi,;e actions beJieved to hu\,' ('~tahlished for the purpose of cloth­ been engendereel hy selfish con!'ider­ ing and educating the sons of deceas­ utions. LAIi I'd or indigent Freema"ons. C.l:: ISO:;. Duke of Sussex elected hon­ Washington, replying to a request crary (;I'and :\J Uf

n April 1::!lh. The )'loderns waived in lR]:l. o.a:! h(·ir 17R!l restrictions. and eventualh' The labours of the Lodge of P1'O "ave way on other points, so 0;1 Oc-t. ll1ulp:ation endE'd in March. LAn lith a warrant \\as i~sued to form It G. L. of District of Columbia form perial I.od~(· of Promulgation t" cd. U.7 romulg-ate the Antient Landmark-. 1812. The Duke of Athol! retired in f the Craft. O.:l1 favour of tht' nuke of Kent. (An 1811. By ~Iarc-h, the Ancients and t ients.) I.:lH Moderns had come to a definite ag"l"Pt' G. L. of Louisiana e~tabli;;hed. U.7 ment. which was consummated by 620 Lodges on the roll of the Mo - ~ignature of the Articles of Union dcrn ~ . (England.) M.26x Part Eight

H!I :1. Antient Lodge" (England) Oil On December 27th, 1813, the [lresen' the Roll -af>4. M.26:1 {fnited Grand Lodge of Eng-land, An­ Anothl'r (Rth) J'~diti(11l of Derl1lott'~ cient, Free and Accepted Mason~ , (',,"stit utions. LA) came into being.

Fir~t Scott ish l{ i(, Lodge organized NOTE:-The dates ~lightly differ. in Mexi("o G.~ "AgreemE'nt of the A~ . and Ms. wa" consummated by the Articles of Union. Union of the Antients and Moderns. on Nov. 23rd, and on St. John th(' A Lodge of Reconciliatiol\ was form­ Evangelist's Day, Nov. 27th a joint ed b~ expert members-9 of the Mo­ meeting of the two G. Us was hId. derns and !I of the Antients. The~ Thc- Dukes of Kent and Sussex met met. discussed, agreed upon the pr e- together and constituted a Lodg(· of i .' anc! unifor m working, and re .. RE'conciliation, the wanant being Iwar·,pl! till' l'crcll1onil's of 0.. and signed Dec. 17th., by the respective C . . of (he 3 degrE'l's, with their res­ G. M's ., ." 0.32 Jll·t·tin' S. T .. and \\" .. "to be a lone ob:el"ycd and practised by the United The Duke of Kent (Antients) retir Grand Lodge". 0.32-a ed in favor of the Duke of Sussex (l\IodE'ms) 1.:38. \\"ho was made G. ~1. llelt'~ates of 641 Modern and 35U of tht' United Grand Lodge of En Antit'nt Lodg('~ w('re present at the gland. L. 4ti Lodg( of l{('conti liation. P.221 Article~ of Union were signed No\·. From ISla to 1843, a Royal Printl' 2i:ith 181:! by the Dukes of Sussex and govemed the G. L. of England. T. The Motto of the G. L: of England Kent. thl' two G. Ms. and finally Ollr thl' 27th I) '("ember, the ' Act of Union was changed from "Relief and Truth" to "Audi, Yidi, Tace." (Hear. see, 1,,' \\ a. a' n·,'.1 to at a .i~)int meeting of the t \\ 0 frll temitie;;. A.23U silent.) The former was the motto of the Moderns. A.:W Union tame at length in a great Lod~l' of Reconciliation. held in Free­ Afncan Lodge (Negro Lodge) wa­ ma.·on' Hall. London, on St. John~ ('t"a"ed by the G. L. of England rot P.Z21 1H>11 paYll1t'nt of G. L. due,.. .11;;) 34 A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTOR\

The United Grand LOdge of England t:onstitutions: 6th Edition issued, started off with 636 Lodges, of which edited by Brothel' Williams, P. G. :\1. ;~85 were Moderns, and 251 Antieni;. for DOl'setshil'e. A.57 Some had become extinct on both 1816. The Ritual was demostl'ate,l :sides, or had passed under the control at a special Grand Lodge meeting on oi foreign or Colonial Grand Lodges. the day of Union, 20th May, and after M.269 two alterations (the "word" of each ARTICLES OF uNION G. L. being used in combination) had been made in the third, it was ap­ God and R·aligion. "Let a man's re­ proved, adopted, and sanctioned, being ligion or mode of worship be what it confirmed on June 3rd, 1816, by the may, he is not excluded · from the Act of Union-Arts. XV and XVI­ Order provided he believes in the glor­ of the United Grand Lodge. 0.:13 ious Architect of heaven and earth and practises the sacred duties of T he Lodge of Reconciliation ended 1l1O rali ty." 1.39 its labour. M.268 "It is declared and pronounced that The Lodge of Reconciliation com­ pure A ncient Masonry consists of pleted its work, and ceased to exist. three degrees, viz., E. A., F. C. and 0.34 ~1. M. (including the Sup. Order of • 1817. Lodges of Instruction were the Holy Royal Arch.) lAO formed ... notably the Stability Lodge 1814 International Compact: Agree­ of Instruction. 0.34 ment made in J uly after a conference Permanent Union of the South Car- uetween the l·ulers of the G. Ls. of olina Grand Lodges. :'Lai6 Scotland and Ireland, and the newly fo rl11eu United G. L. of England. Its 1818. Pr~ston died. LA5 objects wer e to place on record the Preston bequeathed a fund of £300 fad that the new G. L. of the U nion to Grand Lodge with the proviso that was in perfect accord with the other interest thereon be used for the de­ two ill a way that the Moderns had livery of an annual lecture on the 1st, not been. A.131 2nd, and 3rd degrees, according to the system practised in the Lodge of An­ The Grand Lodges of Ireland (1725) tiquity during his Mastership. LA5 anu Scotland (1736) wished to assure t hemselves that the new ritualistic G. L. of Mississippi established. U.7 working were in accord with that 1819. Constitutions. 7th Edition is- they considcred correct. Representa­ sued. A.57 tives of the threc G. L's met in Lon­ 1820. G. L. of Maine established don in 1814 and after discovering that U.7 they were united in their ideas, unani­ 1821. G. L's of Alabama and Mis- mously passed a set of 8 resolutions, souri formed. U.7 nDW known as the International Com­ PllCt. LA7 Edict of Pope Pius VII. M.287 1815. Diversity in aprons prevailing 1822. Alexander of Russia issued an before the Union, was checked by the Edict closing all Lodges, since when Constitution of 1815 providing for there has been no masonry to speak uniformity of aprons in English of in Russia. 1.65 L()dlte~. A.24 Notable gathering of Masons at A CHRONOLOGY OF lHASO~IC HISTORY

Washington City, March 9th. to COI1- Note: The Fraternity was blamed ~i der the propriety of establishing' a fol' hi.. disappearance. General Granrl Lodg'c of the Uniterl G. L. of Michigan formed (reorga- Rtates. U.H nised 1844). U.7 1823. Emulation Lodge of Improve­ 1827. Installation ceremon:,.· was ment formed in London following that dealt with by a special board of Inst. of the United Lodge of Pel:several1('(' Master::; and approved, accepted and (1818-21). The founder!' of each of &anctioned by the U. G. L., Dec., 1827 the5e two Lodg'e~ had heen members (warrant dated Feb. 6th). 0.33/4 of the Loogl' of Rec~nciliation. (Then' Constitutions. 8th Erlition issued. it' unfortunately a certain difference A.57 in the working between the two main Persecution: The MOJ'gan Affair: bodies -Emulation, and Stability). 19 anti-:-.iasonic conventions held in 0.34 New York State. Politicians took ad 1st. G. L. of Illinois established. vantage of the situation and built up l.8i) II machine which attained considerable 1!l2t. The G. L. of New York grant­ power throughout the years 1828 to cd ,hartel'S to the following five Mex­ 11\:-12. The persecution almost reduced inll! Lodg:es: Tolerancia 450, Luz Me_ the Fratcl'I1ity to impotence. Some xicana 451, Rosa Mexicana 452, Fp­ Lodges clo!\ed their doors and waited. dcralbta 15:1, and Indcpendencia 454. Other:; voluntarily surrendered their G.G Charters. Freemasonry remained un 182;;. The Mexican Lodg-es chartered del' a cloud for 10 years. in 1824 proceeded to the formation of M.318 & A.1fi:I 8 York Rite Grand Lorlge, which wa!> 1828. By 1828, the Gran Logia Na formed and duly installed in the yeaI' cional Mexicana had issued Charter­ H\;!5. untlc! the name of "La Gran and dispensations until there were 112 Logia Nacional Mexicana." G.G Lodges on the roster, of which !lO Exposu!'!': "Manual '1f Freemason- were working regularly. the other" ~~ A~ being dormant. G.G &. X.2 Edid: of Pope Leo XlI. M.t!>7 The York Rite body, Gran Logi,l Of the Lodge at Granada, the 7 M. Nacional Mexicana, conforming with i\l~. \\'ho were caught were summarily the Government decree forbidding se­ hanged while the unfortunate Brothel' cret societies, declared a ll its Lodge~ who had just been initated, was sent in suspense until better times; not­ to the galleys for five years. K.8I withstanding this, several both of the 1826. Persecution--U. S. A.-The York and Sotttish Rite bodie:; con­ Morgan Affair. Disappearance of tinued to work unti l t~ey \\'ere closed "'iIIiam l\[organ who had threatened Ly the Jlolice. G.~ a l\1asonic exposurc. Popular uproar Tunnah MS. L.2ti provoked by affair all over the U. ~. 1830. Due to the revolutionary C011- A. M. 31G/8 ditions in Mexico, the existence of the Morgan was a pl'inter, and was kid­ Gran Logia 'acional Mexicana \\'a~ napped and calTied off because he exceedingly precarious, and from 18:m \'1\S al)(lut to eXJlose the secrets of until the era of the French Intervcn i\lasonl y, and wa" never ::ieen again. tion it ,an said to be non existent. U<\) X,) A CHRONOWGY OF MASONIC HISTOIn

1832. Edict: Pope Gregory XVI. lum for Aged Freemasons" and anoth­ M.287 er charitable activity (the Annuity 1833. . Grand Orient of Belgium Fund). LA8 founded. A.117 18:i2. Exposure: "A Ritual of Free­ 1836. First Mohammedan admitted masonry" by Allyn (New York.) A.92 into the Order of Freemasonry in 1853·d85~. Constitutions: 11th and England. D.176 12th Editions. A.57 1837. Establishment of the Library 1858. Constitutions: 13th Edition. of the United Grand Lodge of Eng­ A.57 land. L.48 Hobert Morris Ll. D., Masonic Lec­ 1841. Constitutions: 9th Edition is- turer and Poet of the United States, sued. Contains no reference to the G. M. of Masons of t he G. L. of Ken­ first, or historical part. A.57 tucky for 1858/9. A.159 1842. Proclamation issued by the G. M. of the United G. L. of England G. L. of Ontario established. C.81 (Duke of Sussex) declaring that Mas­ 1861. Constitutions: 14th Edition. onry is not identified with anyone A.57 religion to the exclusion of others, Findel, J, G., publish.ed his "History and men in India who were otherwise of Freemasonry" this being the first eligible and could make a sincere pro_ real attempt to compile a trustworthy fession of faith in one living God, be history of the Craft. A.U5 they Hindus or Mohammedans, might The Confederacy formed. petition for membership in the Craft. 1862. Three Lodges, :'Union Frater_ L3B nal", "Emules d'IIiram" and "Ein­ 1843. Bombay Lodge "Rising Star tracht", previously chartered by the of India" established f01' the special G. L. New Granada (the first, in 1859 purpose of facilitating the entry of and the others immediately after) native gentlemen into the Craft. fO l'l11ed the G1'an Lodge Valle de C.78 Mexico. G.38 1844. G. L. of Michigan reorganised. (Note:-See change of name to U.7 York Grand Lodge of Mexico under Edict:. Pope Pius IX. M.287 date 1911). 1847. Constitutions: 10th Edition. They claimed that they were in A.57 truth the remnants of the Gran Logia African Lodge (U. S . negl'os) chan­ "Nacional Mexicana." X,2 ed narile to "M. W. Prince Hall G. L. F. and A. M. of Massachusetts, but The Gran Orient of Italy formed (Turin). A.117 considered by white Lodges a clan­ destine body. A.163 1863. Constitutions. 15th Edition. 1849. The records of the Tun Tavern A.67 Lodge, Philadelphia, use the words, 1865. American Civil War ends. "entered", "passed" and "raised". Again we haye a right to an honor­ I.7\J able pride in the fact that while 18:iO. The Royal Masonic Benevolent Churches were severed, and State In::;titution" established by the amalga­ were seceding, the ~asonic tie was mation of Bro. Robert Crucefix' "Asy- unbroken. 1.:10 .\ CIJRI):\"OLOGY OF ,\I.\SOXIC HISTORY 37

After the Civil War... Masonry German G. Ls., and the Grand Orient. 'njoyed its full shar~ of the stupen­ B.57 dous development and prosperity. 1871. Constitutions: 19th Edition. Lodges multiplied and every Rite A.58 flourished. 1.90 Grand Lodge of British Columbia Constitutions: 16th Edition. A.57 formed. C.81 Another Edict by Pope Pius IX. M.28i 1872. Huhan's Old Charges (20). L.26 1866. Constitutions: 17th Edition. A.57 18n. Constitutions: 20th Edition. A.58 1867. Constitutions: 18th Edition. A.58 1876. Exposures: " Irish and English Free-Masons". By M. Di Gargano. Grand Mastel' of .New Y ol·k, made (Dublin). A.92 the Hon. James T. Brady a Mason at sight. on account of his gTeat personal 1877. The Grand Orient of France merit. B.I08 altered its constitutions thereby tran8- G. L. of New Brunswi<:k established. g l" e.,,,ing the most important of Land­ Il!a rk:; by excluding reference to the C.81 G. A. O. T. U., etc.. B.5U Prince Albert Edward (King Ed­ ward VII ) was initiated at Stockholm The matter was considered by a >;pecia l committee appointed by the G. by His Maje~ty Charles XV, the King of Swedcll, and hiti brother (lated L. of England. B.51 King (heal' II. B.174 These changes led to a rupture of all Masonic intercourse between it!" Punjab Disttic G. L. fornled. C . 7~; members and brethren under the G. 186!!. ClJIJY of the Old Charges made L. of England. B.56 in ISli!) - since missing·. A.48 1878. The United Grand Lodge of Prince Albert Edward (King Ed­ England recommended that no foreign ward \ II) elected to the rank of Past Brother might be received in any Eng­ Grand Master. B.174 lish Lodges unless he professed his G. Ls. of Nova Scotia and Quebec belief [hat an acknowledgment of the founded. C.8l G. A. O. T. U. is a Landmark of the OI·del". These recommendations were 1870. St. Johns G. L. of Hungary unanimously adopted. B.51 formed. A.llG During the Franco-German War, 1882. In 1882/3, the Book of Con­ Paris communicated with the outside stitutions was thoroughly revised by world by means of balloons carrying the Board of General Purpose and the letters and newspapers. By those 21st Edition was issued in 1884. A.58 means the 10 Lodge;; of Paris broad­ A Lodge of strictly English speak· cast a proclamation suggesting ex­ ing York Rite Masons was organized, communication against King William and a charter granted as "Toltec Lod­ of Prussia, and his son (both Free­ ge No. 540" under the G. L. of Mis­ masons) for ca usi ng the ills of the souri. (This Lodge is now Toltec No. French. This led to complete sever­ 1, on the roster of the York G. L. of ance of fraternal relations between Mexito.) G.20 .\ CHROXOLO(;Y OF :\tASO~J(" HISTORY

1884. G. L. o( South Australia form - 1891. An English ~peakill~ Lodj.!l' ed. A.1l7 wa,; chartereo by the G. L. Valle de :'le:{ ico, thJ'"ug'h the Gran Dieta. Edict of Pope Leo XIII. 1\1.287 G.20 1 HHli. (luatour Coronati Lodge (Re­ (This is now "Anahuac No. :3" Mex­ ~earch Lodge), London, established. ·A.186 ico City, Mexico under the jurisdiction of the Y. G. L. of Mexico). The St. Johns G. L. of Hungary be­ 1892. Another English speakin came the Symbolic G. L. of Hungary. Lodge was chartered by the G. I.. A.lll; Valle rIe u-Iexito, through the Gran Hl87. A practical scheme was pro­ Dieta. This is now "George Washing­ posed in Grand Lodge of England for ton No. 6", San Luis Potosi, Mexico. the actual reconstruction of K. S. Still another Lodge composed 01 Temple, as a fitting memorial of English speaking Masons was chart· Queen Victoria's Jubilee. It collapsed ereo by the same authority and \\ hich for want of a s('conder to the propo­ is now "Washington Hidalgo No.2", ~al. The cslimated cost of a ~imilar Chihuahua, Mexico. Both arc 011 the proposal later planned by our Amer­ roster of the Y. G. Lodge of ~1exito. ican Brethren, was £69,86H,822,500 G.20 based on Biblical data. B.78 / !! Grand Master C. Goodale (G. L. of A "Correspondent Circle" oJ whh:h Ohio) confelTed three degrees upon there are now over o,000 members) Governor Asa S. Bushnell, in one was added to the Quatolll" Coronati day. B.lO!' Lodge, London.' (The Lodge itself 1894. The (;ran Dieta made applicil limits, active mcmberhip to forty.) tiOll to haYe the A merican Lodge. B.184 "Toltec" tram,felTed to its .iurisdiet­ Hl1l8. Constitutions: New (22nd) ion, whereupon the G. L. of :'1isl-iouri ordered Toltec to surrender it's char. Edition. A.58 ter and adl'ise'! it to take one und.;r (;. L. of Ncw South Wales formed. \ he Gran I lida. The Lodge finally A1l7 submitted to lhe command of the 1 b89. Lodl!;e ".::iouthern Cross" (In· ;\Iother G. L. X.3/4 uia No. 1758) allowed its warrant to Brothel' Grant, Louisville, Kentuky, be eaten away by rats, 01' white ants, puhlil;hed a li st of :)4 Landmarks. thus pcrmitting itself to be erased. T.172 The Lodg'e was reconstituted in I88~. 189;). A Lodge composed of English B.277 & T.55 -;p.;aking :'Ilasuns was chartered by IT. L. of Victoria formed. A.117 the G. L. Valle de Mexico, through the 1890. G. 1.8. of New Zealand and Gran Dieta. This Lodge is now "Al­ Tasmania formed. A.117 bert Pike No.7" at Puebla, Mexico, working under the jurisdiction of th!' 1890. A Central General Grand Y. (;. Lodge of :'lexico. G .20 I,odg-e of :\Iexico was bet up by the Symbolic G. Lodges, under the title Ruhan's Old Charges enlarged to of "Gran Dieta" which was full y 65. (There are now HO in existence, recognised by the Grand Lodge of with an additional ten mis~ing.) :'I1issollri. X.3 / -l L.21l A CHIWN'OLOGY OF ~L\SONIC HISTORY 39

1!!96. Constitutions: 23rd Edition. 1900. Grand Lodge of Western Aus- A.58 triuliu fOI'med . A.117 1!!97. A Lodge composed of E nglish 1901. At an extraordinal'y com­ rpeaking Masons ill Tampico, Mexico, munication of the Gran Di ta on the Forking in the York Rite, was charter­ 30th April, 1901, the representative" rd by thc G. L. Valle de Mexico, of the confederated Grand Lodges pre­ through the Central Body, ~he Gran sent, by unanimous vote adopted the bieta, under the title "Columbia No. following resolution: bs". (Thi~ churter waR signed by "The Confederation of the Grand 'ol'fil'io lliaz, Grund Master of the Symbolic Dieta of the U. S. of Mex­ ~ lil'tn. The Lodge is now "Tampico ico, is hereby dissolved... The date '0. 10", working under the jurisdict· on which the Gran Dieta is to termi­ 1011 of the York G. L. of Mexico. It "ate its labours is fixed today April obtained a new charter from the G. 30th." •. Valle de Mexico in December, G.!!) ~!I(3). Duke of Connaught G. M. of U. G. HI9!!. Another Lodge composed of L. of England. K.85 English speaking Masons was charter­ 1902. The G. L. Valle de Mexico ~ d by the G. L. Valle de MexIco, chartered Lodges "Cananea" (since ~ hl'oug'h the Gran Dieta, which is defunct) and "Hidalgo", Pachuca, ~10\\' "Monterrey No. 13" at Monte­ Mexico, now No. 17 on the roster of ~'l'cy, Mexico, under the Y. G. Lodge the York G. L. of Mexico. G.20 of Mexico. G.20 These were, and the lattel' still is, Grand Orient and Supreme Coun- English speaking. .j) 3:1 for Greece formed. A.117 1903. Two more Lodges composed G M. Wagner of Pennsylvania of English speaking York Rite Ma­ madc' John Wanamaker a Mason at sons were chartered by the G. L. Va­ ·ight. B.I09 lle de Mexico, through the Gran Dieta, 1899. An English speaking Lodge, viz: now "Esperanza No . 11 " on the roster "Hiram". Parral, Coahuila, Me:x;ico (since defunct) and "Jalisco", of Gua_ of th(' Y. G. L. of Mexico, and located dalajara, Mexico, now No. 9 on the at Mineral Dos Estrellas, Mich., Mex­ roster of the Y. G. L. of Mexico. ico, was chartered by the Valle de Mexico, through the Gran Dieta. G.20 G.:lO 1904. The G. L. Valle de Mexico, United Grand Lodge of England is­ through the Gran Dieta, chartered sued a circular prohibiting members "Sonora" Lodge, at Cananea, Sonora, of Lodges under their jurisdiction Mexico, which is now No. 12 on the visiting those holding under the Grand l'oster of the York G. L. of Mexico. Orient of France, and vice versa. This is also an English speaking B.51 Lodge. G.20 The making of Admiral Schley "on Constitutions: 24th Edition A.58 !>ighl" by G. 1\1. Small of the Distl'ict G. L. 0 f Queensland, Australia, of Columbia, e a use d widespread erected [sic] by only 39 lodges, whil

ion and to which the G. L' of England, 81 'lo, a large majority of which were Scotland and Ireland refused recog­ American and British members. X.5 nition. A.117 The seven rebel lodges he~d a secret 1906. Another Lodge composed at session at which they formed them­ English speaking York Rite Masons selves into a G. L. calling themselves was chartered by the G. L. Valle de "G. L. Valle de Mexico". This new Mexico through the Central body. body then commanded all Lodges to This is now "Chin{!hindaro No.1" on default allegiance to the (original) the roll of the York Grand Lodge of G. L. Valle de Mexico, and to affiliate Mexico. G.20 with them within a period of threp. (According to Bro. E. S. Banks, of days, upon pain of bolit.g declared Tampico, this Lodge was originally clandestine. chartered in the name of "Chichimec The response was the defection of Xo. 33", and was located at Silao, the five Mexican Lodges, working un­ which at that time was quite a rail­ tier dispensation, and who were then road terminal with many foreigners. given charters by the pseudo Grand "Chinchindaro" No. 18, is now located Lodge. at Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico). In June, the G. Secretary of the real Constitutions: 25th Edition issued. G. L. Valle de Mexico also seceded, A.58 accompanying his act with the delivery 1908. At t he annual session of the to the seceders of all the documents G. L. Valle de Mexico, some friction and cash, as well as the G. L. Seal and was caused by the admission of Lod­ archives. The next step was to pro­ ges ex defunct G. L. 'Santos Dego- claim themselves as the real Grantl 11ado". X.5 Lodge Valle de Mexico. X.5-6 1909. Grand Master of Ohio exer­ 1911. At the annual communication cised an alleged prerogative by mak­ of the Grand Lodge, of the loyal ing M1'. W. H. Taft, a "Mason at majority, in April, a resolution was sight." B.107 unanimously adopted, changing the 1910. Friction within the G. L. Va­ name from Gran Lodge Valle de Mex­ lle de Mexico culminated in March, ico, to "York Grand Lodge of Mex­ when by a great majOl-ity of votes ico" in order to give protectipn tt) Bro. Reynoso (himself a Mexican), foreign jurisdictions which had been was elected to the chair. The result good enough to honor the Valle de of the election angered the represen­ l\lexico (now York Grand Lodge of tatives of seven of the Mexican Lod­ Mexico) with their fraternal recognit. ges who with gestures of great disap­ ion. Claim was made in this new proval left the hall in a body. X.5 Constitution that the York Grand The seceders were later joined by l,ooge exercises jurisdiction over a1l 5 other Mexican Lodges, working un­ the Lodges working in the York Rite der dispensation, leaving on the r oster of Universal Symbolic Mansonry of the G. L. 16 American and 2 Mex­ throughout the Republic of Mexico, ican Lotlges. Membership of the G. L. the reason being that at that time Valle de M. before this secession was there was no "ther Lodge in all the 1,426, and became reduced to 1,150, Republic of Mexico working in that that is to say, l !V '< seceded, leaving Rite. X.6 A CHRONOLOGY OF MASONIC HISTORY 41

York Grand Lodge of Mexico estab_ H. R. H. Prince of Wales initiated. ished. G.39 B.179 A ruling body established in Paris 1920. Queensland Grand Lodge es- earing the title, "Grande Loge Na­ tablished. C.SI ionale Independente et Reguliere ,our Ia France et les Colonies Fran­ 1931. "Laguna" Lodge No. 20, was asises" which is fully recognised -by chartered by the York Grand Lodge he U. G. L. of England-(and other of Mexico. Laguna Lodge is located lodies). B.5S at Torreon, Coah., Mexico. 1919. The York Grand Lodge char­ 1932. The York Gran Lodge of Mex­ ered "Eagle" Lodge No. 19, at Mina_ ico chartered" Southern" Lodge No. itlan, Mexico. 21, at Merida, Yucatan.

Conclusion

Brother, this concludes but a brief impress us with a sense of the respoll­ )utline of the evolution of Freemas­ sibilities t hey confer upon us. The mry. I hope you have f ound it as honor of the centuries has been com­ nstructive as it has been my pleasure mitted to our keeping. Whatevef' be o prepare it. our obligations to the Grand Lodge to which we owe allegiance, there is an If you will pause for a m{)ment, and august pr.ocession of those who thron~ :lance back over t he road traversed the Courts of the Grand Lodge above. ,your Masonic ancestors, you will to whom, our obligations are infinitely urely realize how much we owe to greater. " There are times when it is e efforts of those of our Brethren well to look back. Weare at all times hose dust has long since returned reminded of our duty to ourselv-es and the ' earth, and to whose untiring generation, and that we are to a great ergy is due the cl'edi t for bring­ extent moulding the future." ~g the Craft to its present strong His counsel is, indeed, timely. We osition in the world. are to-day passing through another Where their responsibilities ceased, period of transition, when the entire rs began. The working tools have world is being shaken by revolution, en transmited to us to carryon the industrial upheavals, religious troub­ ood work. In this connection, Bro­ les, political strife, and general de­ her, the late Rev. W. T. LaW1'en~e . pression. On every side we witness minds us in very beautiful language suffering due to the effects of unem­ ployment. "We feel a thrill of pride- when we Our ancient Brethren faced similar, fleet that the living stream of Free­ if not worse conditions brought about asonry rises from a hidden source in by plague. religious opposition, and he mists of antiquity. Whilst such re_ exposures. Many yielding up their lections as these are gratifying, and lives, in the face of persecution, rath­ rye to impress us with a sense of er than forfeit their integrity. Theil' r privileges, ar more should they ranks at times were divided by re- 42 .\ C H RO~OLOGY OF )IASO. ' Ie HISTOR' volution and civil wars. Yet, Free­ "0 God, our help in ages past. ollr masonry survived. Theirs was a vic­ hope for years to come. tory of faith-that belief in the G. A. Our shelter from the storm: bla~t. O. T. U., to which we adhere, so ably and our eternal home". txpressed in the lines of the well kno vn hymn: A. H ..

The Spirit of Masonry! Ay, when that ~piri t has its way on earth, as at last it Hurely will, society will be a vast com­ munion of kindness and justice, bus­ iness a system of human service, law a rule of beneficence; the home will be more holy, the laughter of childhood more joyous" and the temple of prayer mortised and tenoned in simple faith. Evil, injustice, bigotry, greed, and every vile and slimy thing that defiles and defames humanity will skulk into the dark, unable to bear the light of a juster, wiser, more merciful order. Industry will be upr ight, education prophetic, and religion not a shadow, but a Real Presence, when man has became acquainted with man has learn­ ed to worshiy God by serving his fel­ lows. When Masonry is victorious every tyranny will .fall, every bastile crumble, and man will not only be unfettered in mind and hand, but free of heart to walk erect in the light and liberty of truth.-''The Builders." -·-----_. - T [UH~mr~

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Athel~tan.King. Atho ll . ilrd Duke - 4th Duke of, [] - l\lasons, 22. ! ~ AUg'ustine, 8. f- I Barnes, Dr., 8. r t " Bea!, Dr. (D. G . • Bede, Venerable, f' i: .; ~I 1- ; :! [ill'.."l ~ , 'f ; ;;IH:'-', ; !i,' Beichel', .Tonathan. - ,!; l I :0. of Aml'rica, 13. ~lliE I I to" Bible. The. 25. \ , ~" I I Blatk Death, The, .1' _-L--L Bo;;ton Massacre .. ' ;;:- Military occt - ~~ - Tea Riots. 2

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Index

t.t.c~-. Kebo. b_ Cathedl'al Builders, 8, 10. Kilwjnnin).!.'. 0_ Catholic Grand Master, 27. ~lell"osc. ". ('cmentarius, Robertus, 8. W t'stminster. l). Charges, Old (see also MSS), 8. 9. tcepted :\[a>;o 11'" , 12, 14. 16, 2::3, 37, 38. ~hilllan Rl'zon" or Help to a Brothel'. Charge to Apprentices, within a year, 24. 13. in~lil', Rev. Jamc>;, 12_ Christianity omitted from Constitut­ Idworth, lion. 1\1 rs. made a Mason. ions, 16. I:). Charity Fund formed, 17. lIcn, William (Pa.), 22. assessments to, 1U. IlJPrican Civil Wal', 36. Coat of Arms, Masonic, 10. - War of Independence, 27, 2!.1_ Conder. historian, 9, 11. nnals of Freemasonry, 7. Comaeines, 6, 8. ndel'.·on, 1>1". James, 13, 14, 15, 21.· ColleC(ia, Roman, 6, 7. Alltiellts"- explanation of term, 2~. Conft dCl'acy, American, formed, 36. first Loc]g-e in .\merica, 23, 2!. Connaught, Duke of, G. M., 39. prOB.' of Union, :l4. Col1in~. Mr., mentioned, 16. rtidt·", of Union, 34. ol1stitutiOl1S, 14, 16, 21, 22. 24, :34. thl'btan, King, 8, 10 . 36, 37, 38, 39, 40_ tholl, :inl Duke of, 27. Anderson's, first approved by 4th Duke of, 27, 28 _ G. L., 16. Masons, 22_ Dermott's, 24, 25, 28, 30. :~2, :3:~. ugustinc, 8. Gothic, 16. arnes, Dr., 8. Pratt's Irish, 22. l'al, Dr. (D. G. M.), 16. Content::;, 3. ede, Venerable, 8. Cowan, definition of, 30. either. Jonathan, senior L·'reemason Coxe, Daniel, 19. of America, 13. Cousto:::, John, imprisoned, 21. ible. The. 25. Crucefix, Robert, 36. lack Death, The, 9. ( "usaties, The, 8. oston Mm;sacre, 26. Da Co~ta, H. J., imprisoned, 32. - Military occupation, 27. Dalkeith, Earl of, G. M., 17_ Tea Riots, 2i. Deacon, office of originated, 24. o~well. .John, Laird of Auchinlach. "Defence of Masonry," 18. 11. Degrec::;, Ma::;ter's part given in G. L. uilders in England, 8_ only, 16. urnett, Bi:;hop, 13_ Two only, 17. y-laws, earliest American, 20. Three came into effect, 17. yron, Lord, G. M., 22. Three mentioned, 21. abiric Mysteries, 7. Dermott. Laurence, 23, 24, 25, 28, :lO. 'ampencll. Mordicai, 12. 32. apitol. cornel' stone laid, 31. Desaguiliers, TheophiIus, 13. 14. arysfol't, Lord, G. M., 23 _ Diary, Ainslie's, 12. athedral, Canterbury, 8. - Ashmole's, 12. Exeter, 10_ - Stuckley's, 16, 17, 18. Glasgo\\'. 8_ nion~'",iRt" Artificers, 7. Vi \'ision, The, 22. "Gormogons," 1/. - Cau~e of, 23. Grand Lodge Feast, 18.

Vodd, Rev. W., 28. (If All En[!:lancl, II-. ~1. Edwin, Prince, 8, 10. 22, 25, :n. End of the World. 8. of the "Antients," Erasures, 23, :38. 33. Etruscans, 6. of England, S. of the Exposures, 17. 18, 20, 21, 35. 36. 37. River Trent, 29, 31. of England, ~'abric Rolls, 9, 10. 14, 36, 3/. Pindel, J. G., historian. 36. 39. Fire of London, 12. do Library,3u. ";\loderns," 22, 33. l"ir~t mention of F . C. degree in Gray, Rev. \\'m. "made on sight," 31. America, 20. Guilds, 9, 10. Four Old Lodges, meeting of, 13. IIammerton, John, 20. _ Crowned Martyrs, 10. Harper, Thomas, G. Sec., expelled, 32. Franco-German War, :37. Hanison, George, Prov!. G. M. ); . Y.. Franklin, Benjamin, 19, 20, 21. 23. Frankfort-on-Main Lodges, 21. Henry VI's Code of Laws, IU, 2:l. ~'reemason, earliest mention of, 9, 10. j-iittites, 6. - Senior in America, 13. "Hole Craft and Fellowship of Freemasons, irregular making of. 19. l\1asons," 10. - named in Statute, 10. Holland prohibited Masonry, ~O. - opposition to British taxation. 25. Holme, Randle, Author, 12. Freemason's Hall, London, 26. Hughan'll Old Charges, :17, !l8. Freemasonry, early evidence of in: 19-norance of Clergy in 1713, 13. America, 18, 19, 20, 21. India and FrC'emasonry, :3u. Austria, 18, 21. Initiation of a woman, l:l. Belgium, 26. - outside a Lodge, 11. Canada, 20. Innovations, 15, IG, 22. Denmark, 22. Installation ceremony, 35. France, 18. International Compact, 34. Germany, 21. Irregularities, 12, 19. Holland, 20. J ones, Inigo, 11, 16. India, 21. Keith. Jame~, ;\1. of Lodge in Rus~ia. Ireland, 13. 19. Italy, 1~. Kent, Duke of, 1st G. M. of U. G. L. Mexico, 33. of England, :33. Portugal, 20. King George IV, initiated when rince Spain, 18. of Wales, 31. Sweden, 20. King Solomon's Temple. reconstruct- Switzerland, 20. ion project, 38. Russia, 21. Lacey Robert, 20. neglected in 1714, 13. Landmarks, 15, 32, 37, 38. Fund of Benevolence (G. L. England), Lectures, Funds for 34. 17. - Second degree, 26, 27. God and religion, 34. Legends of Freemasonry, 7. Goodale, C., G. M. Ohio, 38. Library, G. L. of England, 36. Goelet, Francis, 22. Litchfield, Bishop, 14. .odges. Grand Lodges. Provincial G. Portugal, 3~. L's and Prov\. G. M's mentioned: Russia, P. G. L .. 21. ustria, 18, 30, 31. Scotland, G. L., 11. 21, :~4. u:;tralasia, New South Wales, 38. Spain, G. L., 26. New Zealand, 38. Sweden, G. L., 24. Queensland, 39, 4l. Switzerland, G. O. Geneva, 29. - S. Australia, 38. U. S. A., African (Negro), 32, :3:L ::n. Tasmania, 38. Alabama, 34. YicLOria, 38. Boston. IH , 20. \\. Australia, 3!J . St. Andrews, 26, on. el(!· iulll. C; rand Orient. '11). St. John's, 25. anada. B. Columbia. ::7. - Connecticut, 22, 31. ,'ew Brunsv;i"k, :37. Continent of America, 27. Nova Scotia, 37. Dela ware, 32. Ontario, 36. Dbt. of Columbia, ::l3. ;39. Quebec, 37. Georgia, 20, 30. olomhia, G. L. New Granada, 36. General, 20. 31. enmark, Prov!. G. L., 22. General G. L. of U. S., 34. :ngland, ht G. L., 13, 14. 17, All Illinois, 35. England, 18, 21, 31. Kentucky, 32. Ancients, 22, 33. Louisiana, 33. Cheshire Prov!., 18.· Maine. 34. S. of River Trent, 2~, 31. Maryland, 22. Scotch G. L., 26. - Massachusetts, 20, 22, 31. G. L. of England, 14, 36, 39. (amalgamated.) rance. Anglaise de France, 21. Michigan, 35. ::l6. G. Chapter GenI., 30. Mississippi, 34. G. Lodge de France, 3l. Missouri, 34, 37. Grande Oriente, 30, 31, 37. New England, 1H. G. Nationalc Inde .. 41. - New Hampshire, 20. :ll. "e"tablished in Paris," 18. New .Jersey, 30. Severance of relations with G. I'o:ew York, 22, 30, 35. 0., 37, 39. North America, 2t. r.erman~. G. L. Prussia, 24. North Carolina. ::l0. Treecl', G. O. & S. Council, 39. - Ohio, 32. folland, Nat!. G. L. of Netherlands, 24. Pennsyl\'ania, 18, 22, :30. fung'ary, St. John's G. L. 37, 38. Prince Hall (Negro), 30. - Symbolic G. L., 38. Rhode Island, 22, 3l. ndia, Bombay D. G. L., 26. South Carolina, 20, 30, 32, :~4. - Madras do. 26. "Time Immemorial," 23. Punjab do. 37. Vermont, 31. reland, G. L. 18, 19, 34. \'il'ginia, 21, 23. do. reorg'anized, HI. Lodge of Mastel' Masons formed, 1i. taly. Grand Orient, 36. 20. do. 1st mentioned, l~. Aberdeen, 12. Mexico, Gran Dieta, 38, 39. Albert Pike No.7, 38. G. L. ,'adonal :.'.iexicana, 35. :Jfl Alexandria No. 39, 30. Santos DegoIlado, 40. Alnwick, 13. \'aIle de Mexico, :36. 38, 39, ·if Anahuac 1'0:0. 3, 38. York Grand Lodge. 40. 41. Antiquity, 12, 13, 34 .. Apple Tree Tavern, 13. Quatol1r Corllnati, :n~. BUllch of Grapes, 20. Queen\; Head. Bath, 1i. ~ Caledonian ~ o. 1 :14, 3:;. London, Ii. ('ananea, 39. of Re('oneiliation, :1:1. :l!'i. C'hinrhindaro No. lR, 40. nisin,; Sf a I' of In(lia, :111. Crown Ale House. 13. R(}sa Mexirana No. 1;j~. :j:;. ~ Domatir No. 177, 30. - Rummel' and Grape~, 1:1. Eagle No. 19, 41. ~olomon'!'l, Charle!'lton. :W. - J<~dinburg-h. St. ;\!arys Chapt'l. Savannah, :W. 11. - Sonora No. 12, S!l. - Eintracht, :36. ~ol1thern No. 21, 41. Emules de Hiram, 36. Southern ('ro;;~, Inclia, :;);. - Emulation, 35. - Stability, 34. E!'lperanza No. 11, 39. Star in the East. 21. - Federalista No. 453, 35. Stirling, 11. Fortitude & Old Cumberland. 13. St. Andrews, Boston. :24 . Fountain Tavern, 16. St ..J ohns, Boston, 20. Four Old Lodges, 13, 14. - Tampico No. 10, :lfl . Fredericksburg, 23, 24. Tolerancia No. 450, :~i). Geo. Washington No. 6, 38. Toltec No.1, :17. Goose and Gridiron, 12, 13, 14, Tun Tavern, Philadelphia, ,Hi. 17. Washington-Hidalgo Xo. ~. :;1-. - Granada, 35. Witham No. 2B7. 81. - Green Dragon (Boston). 23. Union Fraternal. :36. - Hidalgo No. 17, 39. Assessment to Cha\'it~ · Fun.'- - Hiram, 39. 19. Independencia No. 454, 35. Earliest )Iilital'Y, 1!l. - Jalisco No.9, 3!l. - of Instruction, ;;4. - .Jedburgh, 21. - Rolls of. 27. 28. :n Kilwinning, 11, 13, 20. London Bridge, 8. - Laguna No. 20, 41. Manuscripts and Old Charges: Liberty House Tavern, 22. Antiquity, 12. - Lux Mexicana No. 451, 35. Aubrey, 12. Mastel' Ma!'lons' Lodge of Bos­ Bodleian. 10. ton, 20 . Buchanan, 12. - Military Lodges, 19, 22, 31. Cooke, 10. Monterrey No. 13, 39. Dowland, 10. Naval Lodges, 24, 25, 26. Fo~croft, 13. Neuf Soeurs, des, 28. Grand Lodge, 10, 11. - in New York, 20. Haddon, 17. St. John's No.2, 24. Harieian, 12. Old York, 8, 18. Lansdowne, 10. - in Paris, 18, 21, 28. Locke, 23. - Perfect Observance: l!!l. Regius, 9. - Per~everance, 35. Roberts, 16. - and Triumph, 29. Tunnah, 35. - Port~mout h (N. M.), 20. Watson, 12. Prince Hall (Negro), 30, 32. 38. burning of, 16. 36. !.\fanor Courts, 9. Promulgation. 32. ",fontag-ue. Duke of. 16. 17. ------

a~on~ W. Society of London, 9, 11 . Pi'ince, Henry, "father of reg-ulai a,;ons made "at sight," 19, 31, :l7. Masonry in America," 19. 38, :m, 40. Processions of March (last). 21. a,;g, Ma"oml attending, 10. Queen Elizabeth and Masonry, 10. a:'\ter~ and 'Wardens mentioned, !J. Rapid extension of the Order, 15. aster Masons' Lodges formed, 17. References to Authors, 5. aszun," !l. Reformation, The, 10. enll. ingtallation dinner, 2l. Reg'ulations, governing the Craft, !i. inster. York, mentioned, 9. 10, 12, 16. inutl's. Edinburgh Lodge, the oldest. Revival, The, 13, 14. 11. Revolution, American, 27. Fn,dericbburg'h, 24. - French, 3l. Goose and Gridiron. 17. - Industrial, 22. Musical Society, 17. Reynoso, J. J., G. M., 40. - Grand Dieta, 39. Rhetoric, 10. loderns" explanation of term, 15. Ritual, Modern's elaborated, 31. ohammeclan Freemasons. 36. Operatives' revised, 12. ora~·. Robert. 12. Speculatives', 33. orj!"an affair. 3i). demonstrated and confirmed, 3:{ . oort'. John, 13. 35. orris. Robert, 36. Rowe. Capt. (who made diving- en­ o e~. Abram. 12. gine), 16. ttos. 3:{ . Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution. usical ~()ciety. 17. 36, rman Conquest, 8. - Schools for Boys, 32. ·orfolk. nuke of. G. M. of England. Girls, 31. 19. Sayers, Anthony, 1st G. M., 14, HI. )erative~. 9, 11. 12, 14, 21. Schaw,' William, 11. degignated Freemasons, 10. Scotland, 1st appearance of Masonr~' change to Speculatives, 15. 8. '(linances prohibiting meetings, 10. Secret Agreement among Masons and 'erture~, first "Ancients" and "Mod­ Carpenters, 9. erns," 31. Sedition Act, Masons excluded from. ·nar·d. Thomas. Prov\. G. M., N. 32. America, 21. Social Condition;; (England in 1717). pal Decree burnt, 10. J4. yne, George, 14, 15. Speculative and Accepted Masons. r::;ecutions. Edicts. etc .. 20, 21. 11, 13. (John Coustos, 1776) (France) Statutes prohibiting Assemblies, 9. 22. :Hi. :l6, 37. Stone, Nicholas, Warden, 16. tre. Lord. G. M. a Catholic, 27. St. Albans, 8. tro. Monk. 8. St. Clair, Charter, 11. g'ue of London, 12. - William, G. M. Scotland, 20 . ot'~ Dr .. :-':atural History of Staffs,. St. Leger, Miss, made a Mason, U. 12. Sussex, Duke of, 32, 33, 36. litics and Freemasonry. 35. Taft. W. H., "made on sight," 40. P(~ Grc.g'JI·~·. L. ·ilchal'd. 22. Theories. Comacine, 6. 'e::;ton, William. 21, 31, 34. - as to Origin of Masonry. h. ince of "'ale, initiated, :37, H. Time Immemorial Lodges. 2:l. T(Jlnbes,. Capt, AntirE'w, '"raised to :\ Washington. Geor)!e. Z:l. 2! .:l:!, F, C.," 21. Weishoupt, Dr, Adam, 7. Transition period. 11, l:t Wellington. Duke of. initiated. :31. Treaty of Peace. r. S. A. and F:ng: Wharton, Duke of. 16, 17, 18. land, 29. Wilfred, Bishop of York, 7. Trinitarian Chl'i!,;tians, 8. Williams, Bro., P. G. :\-1. for Dor"et- T~'ler mentioned, 1D. shire, 34. enion of Ancient~ and ~loderns. :~:l. \Y oman made a :\lason. 13. 34. Wren, Sir Christopher. 12. 14. C S, Con!