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OFFICERS P1'esident: Dr. Donovan S. Correll, Renner, T exas First Vice-President: Dr. Frederick W. Coe, Bethesda, Maryland Second Vice-Presiden·t : Mrs. Walter Douglas, Chauncey, New York Secretary: Dr. Francis de Vos, Washington, D. C. T1'e as~£rer: Miss Olive E. Weatherell, Olean, New York Editor: Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Pass Christian, Mississippi ManagitJ,g Editor: Mr. James R. Harlow, Quinque, Virginia Edit01'ia l Staff: Miss May M. Blaine, Washington, D. C. Mr. Bernard T. Bridgers, Washington, D. C. Ad Editor: Mr. Cha·rles C. Dickson, Kensington, Maryland

DIRECTORS T erms Expi1'ing 1957 T e1'11"ls Exp'iring 1958 Dr. Ca rl O. Erlanson, Silver Spring, Mary- Mr. Stuart Armstrong, Silver Spring, Mary- land land Mr. Frederic P. Lee, Bethesda, Maryland Dr. John L. Creech, Glenn Dale, Maryland Mr. Brian O. Mulligan, Seattle, Washington Mrs. Peggie Schulz, Minneapolis, Minnesota Dr. J . F. Styer, Concordville, Pennsylvania Dr. R. P . White, Washington, D. C. Dr. Freeman A. W eiss, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Harry Wood, Swarthmore, Pennsyl­ vania

DIRECTORS EMERITUS Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C. Mrs. J . Norman Henry, Gladwyne, P ennsy lvania Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox, Mt. Kisco, New York Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Wallingford, Pennsylvania

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Dr. A. S. Crafts Mrs. Martha F. Maxwell American Society of Plant Physiologists Epiphylh!m Society of Ame1'ica University of California 500 Grove Place Department of Botany Glendale 6, California Davis, California Dr. Dwight M. Moore Mr. Harry W. Dengler American Fern Society Holly Society of Amer~ca University of Arkansas MarylaHd Extension Service Department of Botany and Bacteriology College Park, Maryland Fayetteville, Arkansas

Dr. Freeman S. Howlett Mr. W. D. Morton, Jr. America1, Society for Horticultural Science At11erica1t Amaryllis Society The Ohio State University 3114 State Street Drive Department of Horticulture and Forestry New Orleans 25, Louisiana Wooster, Ohio Miss Gertrude M. Smith Mrs. Roy Arthur Hunt John 1. Tyler Arboretum Garden Club of America Lima, Middletown Township 4875 Ellsworth Avenue Delaware County, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania Dr. Donald P . Watson Mr. Woodson K. Jones American H ort~cul tlwal Council Men's Garden Clubs of America Michigan State University 1827 Devine Street Department of Horticulture Jackson 2, Mississippi East Lansing, Michigan The National Horticultural Magazine

VOL. 35 Copyright) 1956, by THE AivIERIC AN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. No. 4

OCTOBER 1956

CONTENTS

Bauhinia-The So-Called Orchid Tr(les. R. BRUCE LEDI N and EDWIN A. MENNINGER ______. _____ .______183

Four Native American Mints. H ELEN M. Fox ______201

Your Hibiscus and How To Grow Them. CLARENCE A . BASS ______207

Jean and Vespasien Robin, "Royal Botanists," and North American Plants, 1601-1635. MAR]ORrE F. WAR NER ______214

Florists' Gloxinias-1817-1956_ PEGGIE SCHULZ ______221

Scented-Leaved Geraniums. MARY ELLEN Ross ______225

A Book Or Two ______235

Index To VolLu11e 3 5 ______239 The National Horticultural Magazine

The National Horticultural Magazine is a quarterly journal, being the official publicatiou of The American Horticultural Society, Incorporated. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subj ects. The Journal is printed by Monumental Printing Company at Thirty-second Street and Elm Avenue in Baltimore, Maryland, and is entered as second class matter in-the post office of that city in accordance with the Act of August 24, 1912. Additional entry for Washington, D. c., was authorized July 15, 1955, in accordance with the provisions of Section 132.122, Postal Manual. Subscription to the Journal is included in membership, which is $5.00 a calendar year. Original papers increasing the historical, varietal, and cultural knowledges of plant mate­ rials of economic and aesthetic importance are most welcomed and will be published as pf0mptly as possible. Material of lasting interest appearing in related journals will be re­ printed as available. Publications received for the Library will be reviewed and made avail­ able to members after publication of the reviews. These books are designated "Library" following the prices in the book reviews. Reviews of private collections will also be accepted and published. Th'ese books, however, are not available for loan to members of the Society. Manuscripts should be prepared to conform to the style adopted in the latest number of the current volume. The nomenclature us('d in manuscripts, whether treating horticultural or botanical subjects, should be in conformance insofar as possible with the Codes published by the International Association for Plant Taxol'lomy. They should be typewritten with douhle­ spacing, leaving a one-inch margin at the left for editorial direction to the printer. Footnotes to text statements should be avoided unless they are absolutely necessary. Usually the infor­ mation can be included in the text, parenthetically if necessary, without making the reading too cumbersome. Footnotes to tables are often necessary and should be designated by small Roman letters. Literature citations, footnotes and illustration legends should be on a separate sheet. Authors are requested to give for each citation, the author, or authors, year of publica­ tion, full title or citation withoat abbreviation of the journal or volume, in the case of jour­ nals, the beginning and ending pages; of books the edition number and the number of pages, the name and address of the publisher. One set of the galley proofs will be sent to the author for corrections, which should be held to a minimum. and such corrections should be returned immediately. Reprints, saddle-stapled, will be furnished in accordance with the following schedule of prices, plus postage, and should be ordered at the time galley proof is returned by the author: Copies 2pp 4pp 8 pp 12 pp 16 pp Covers 100 $ 5.50 $10.00 $20.00 $29.00 $38.00 $10.00 200 7.00 11.50 23.00 .33.50 43.50 11.50 300 8.50 13.00 26.00 38.00 49.00 13.00 400 10.00 14.50 29.00 42.50 54.50 14.50 The Journal is issued for the guarters commencing with January, April, July, and October. Manuscripts mast reach the Editorial Office at the Society's Headquarters three months before publication is desired. Missing numbers will be replaced without charge provided claim is received in the Editorial Office within thirty days after publication date. B(}juhinia acu1niNata BAUHINIA

The So .. Ca lled Orchid Trees

R. BRUCE LEDIN1 & EDWIN A. MENNINGER2

Most popular of flowering tropical tain animals, and this resemblance has trees from southern California to Florida3 given to the plants, in many countries, the and in restricted warm areas of the Gulf common names of cow-hoof, bull-hoof, Coast are the so-called "orchid trees," horse-hoof, goat-hoof, sheep-hoof, camel­ which are not orchids at all, but belong foot, deer-hoof, mule-hoof, etc. to the bean family. Many of them do have pretty flowers, remotely orchid-like Actually, the leaf shapes of BM~hinia in appearance, which are responsible for vary considerably and are of three dis­ the common name. The correct name of tinct types: (a) Simple leaf which is the genus is Bauhinia, honoring botan­ notched, cleft, incised, or divided to some ists John and Caspar Bauhin who were degree, thus making a bi-Iobed leaf. This not twins, as sometimes reported; John division may merely be a slight indenta­ was born in 1541 and died in 1631, Cas­ tion at the apex (as in B. retusa) or it par was born in 1560 (19 years younger) may be to the middle of the leaf or nearly and died in 1624. The dual brother idea to the base (B. 1'ufesce1'ls). The common is carried out by the plants, for practically species in cultivation are of this type­ all of the 500 kinds4 of Ba~d",i11lia have but it is the "twin lobes" of the leaf not two-lobed or twin leaves, shaped to sug­ "twin leaves." (b) A few species (appar­ gest the imprint of the cloven hoof of cer- ently none in cultivation) have entire

1 Assistant Horticulturist, University of Flor­ enheit. B. saigonensis has been grown success­ ida, Sub-Tropical Experiment Station, Home­ fully under slat shade in Gainesville. stead, Florida. 4 Weare aware that most books say there 2 The Flowering Tree Man, Stuart, Florida. are about 250 species of Ba7-£hil£ia. But after 3 B. variegata has been grown successfully as checking through Kew Index and all the avail­ far north as Ocala. Also plants have been tried in Gainesville and Daytona Beach but a cold able floras of tropical countries, we have come winter will usually kill them back to the ground. to the conclusion that the number of species is In Gainesville, one small tree flowered in Janu­ probably close to 500. Of these, probably about ary but it was killed later that year. The tree fifty are in cultivation throughout the world, prefers warm areas, but it has succeeded as far but only about ten species are well known. north as New Orleans where it has survived There are more than a hundred species native temperatures down to twenty-six degrees Fahr- to Brazil. [1 83 1 184 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 leaves with an obtuse or pointed apex a;lJ The Big Three resemble the common red-bud leaves. ( c) Some species, especially those of Most widely known among these at­ Australia, have the leaf completely divided tractive trees available to the grower is to the base to form two distinct leaflets, an Indian tree, B . vGJYiegata, variously as in B . hookeri. H ere, then, the leaves known in the United States as F lorida are "twins." orchid, Poor Man's orchid, or Mountain Ebony. It is a medium-sized tree with Not all the Ba1,~hi ni a are trees ; many stocky trunk, stiff branches and thick are shrubs, vines or even gigantic lianas fo liage. T he smooth, dark green leaves, with stems curiously shaped, fl attened or fo ur to six inches broad, are heart shaped, corrugated and twisted owing to a peculi ar the lobes rounded at the bottom, but the mode of growth in thickness. species is difficul t to identify by leaf shape, as will be explained later. Unfortunately, there is consi derable confu sion in the identity of many of the B . va;riegata might well be ·called the Bauhinia trees being cul tivated in this "winter-spring-blooming orchid tree" be­ country, which is only made worse by cause it fl owers from January to March, some of the available reference books. and this ,,,ould help distinguish it from Part of the confusion arises from the fact two other common trees (next described) that seedlings frequently do not produce which are very similar in fo liage. Some­ fl owers the same color as fo und on the times B. va1'iegata, especially small trees, parent tree. More trouble arises from will bloom as early as December, and in the ignor9-nce of writers who never tried central F lorida the flowe ri ng often con­ growing anything but who become enthu­ tinues into April. T he blooming proceeds siastic in print about fl owering trees; one while the leaves are falling from the trees recent bemk with some claim to scientific Dr, in the event of a cold spell or pro­ endorsement ran a color plate of a Bau­ longed drought, aft er the leaves have all hi1via fl ower with the wrong botanical fallen. This is when the plants are the name on it. Add to these difficulties the showiest-no leaves on the tree and in fact that seed often comes into the United full bloom. The conspicuous fl owers at States from a fo reign country under the the branch tips are mostly a vivid purple wrong name, sometimes the result of care­ with broad petals, but mixed wi th the lessness but of,ten an honest mistake, and purple are heavy streaks of red and white this mis-naming persists fo r years till the in the same fl ower. The color of the plant grows and fl owers and can be re­ fl ower of B. va;riegata does not vary near­ identified 'by someone who knows his ly so much as in B . P~~1'p~wea (next de­ B a1,~ hinia . scribed) . The typical fo rm comes out reddish purple, some trees with fl owers Under the circumstances, the only way more red (magenta) than purple, and the to begin to understand the Bauhinia that color gradually fades to a bluish-purple are in cultivation is to describe and pic­ (mauve), giving rise to the name "Blue ture these plants in the field. The autho rs orchi d trees" by some. T here is some have all the species herei n described grow­ variation in the red color of the fresh ing in F lo ri da. They have consulted with fl owers-it may be purple-red, pale pur­ other growers and botanists with wide ple, lavender, or almost a pale lavender­ experience in F lorida, Cali fornia, Aus­ red resembling a peach fl ower from a dis­ tralia and elsewhere. The separation of tance. There are no all-red fl owers in this species as herein set forth, therefore, ac­ species. One particularly beautiful form cords with the appearance, growth habits is pure white and this is correctly known and other characteristics of the actual as B . va1'iegata var. cal1dida. plants, even though in some instances these do not agree with some scientific Frequently confused with the fo regoing. authorities. even by ex.perts, is another Indian tree, October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 185

B. PU1'pu1'ea, taller, not so stiff, very not know why B. P$WpU1'ea cloes not grow bushy, with flowers appearing at least in these areas, but all herbarium speci­ three months ahead of B. variegata. It mens we have seen and live plants grown might well be called the "fall-blooming from seed from these areas, and informa­ orchid tree" for in some years the blos­ tion from correspondence, show that even soms appear as early as September, though though the plants may be called B. PU1'­ normally they flower from October to pU1'ea, they turn out to be plants that December. Unlike the foregoing tree, flower during the winter months and have B. purpurea blooms when the leaves are wide petals. Therefore, so far as we can still on the tree. The spidery flowers of determine, the common Bauhinia that is B. purp"wea, appearing in big clusters at cultivated in southern California and the branch tips, are usually lavender, southern Texas is B. variegata.5 but the color and size of the flowers are extremely variable. There are no true The "pink orchid tree" usually seen in white forms of this species that we have Florida is B. 111/;onandm, a smail ornamen­ ever seen (B. alba refers to B. variega,ta tal tree from Burma. Sometimes it is var. candida). The color range is fr0111 called Jerusalem date or Butterfly Flower. an almost near white but tinged with It is deciduous through the winter months. pink, through shades of pink, rose-red, old The tree produces great quantities of big rose, carmine, dark purple, lavender, flowers at the branch tips from May to violet, fuchsia. Ba1>£hi11ia pU1'purea var. November and is seldom without blos­ violacea (not B. violacea) suggests the soms through that period. \!\Then the reddish-violet color, variety 1'osea the rose flower first opens, the top petal (stand­ form. 'Bonnie Red' is the one with deep ard) is a great splash of red on a bright carmine-colored petals. 'Simpson's Pink' yellow background. The other four petals is the best of all the B. purpurea; it makes are white or very pale pink, liberally splat­ a large, spreading, handsome shade tree tered with recl dots. After twenty-four and flowers in great profusion from early hours, the red, yellow and white all change to a bold pink color. The seed pod is October to December. The flowers are thick, about six inches long, and pops larger than the other types and are a open when the seeds are ripe. Synonyms beautiful shade of rose pink. It comes for B. monand'm are B. kappleri Sagot, B. true to type when grown from seed if not k1'ugii Urban, ancl Caspareopsis monan­ crossed up with any other type of B. pur­ dm Britt. and Rose. In New Orleans a purea growing near by. B. triandm is a specimen of B. 1110nandra was killed by synonym of B. purpurea and should not twenty-six degrees. be used to refer to any variety. We find that it is almost impossible to The form of the flowers of B. PU1'p$Weq, tell B. vMiegata, B. purpu1'ea and B . mon­ is very strikingly different from that of M"dra apart by their leaves alone. Con­ B. va1'iegata, and supply an easy method sequently, we submit the main characters of distinguishing. The petals of B. pur­ by which we separate these three common purea clo not overlap (as they do in B. species: va1'iegata) , and they are not so stiff, but tend to be narrow, straplike and floppy. B. variegata has ·five stamens; B. p$W­ 5 Other species cultivated in protected areas purea has rhree, or rarely four. in California besides B. v(]Jyiegata and its variety calld,ida" are B. candicans, B. tomenta sa (as B. natalens'is) , B. galpiwii, B. saigonensis, B. corym­ Because of the confusion existing 111 bosa, B. grandifi01'a (?), B. acwminata, B . c(]Jy- California and Texas, where plants of 1'oniti. B. va1'iegata is also grown in southern "B. pU1'p Mr ea." are offered in the trade Texas, especially near Brownsville. B. divari­ cata (given as B. mexicana in Baileys' Man­ and widely planted, it should be noted ual) is apparently very hardy as it is cultivated here that all those we have checked have in Austin, Texas, and takes temperatures of twenty-six degrees. B. forjicata, probably is turned out to be of B. variegata. We do Quite hardy and may take cold weather. J. C. Noonan

(Note the different types of flowers; reading clockwise, they are: near white, dark red, lavender, pink, and pale pink.)

Banhil1!ia ptvrptwea Bat,hi1lia variegata Bm,hil1ia manandra

1. Flowers 111 fall (Oct.­ 1. Flowers 111 winter and 1. Flowers 111 summer Dec.). spring (Jan.-April). (April-Oct.) . 2. Flowers while leaves are 2. Flowers while leaves are 2. Flowers while leaves are on on the trees. falling or after they have the tree. fallen. 3. Inflorescence many flow­ 3. Inflorescence few flowered, 3. Inflorescence few-H owerea ered, near ends of long on short lateral branches. on short lateral erect whiplike branches. branches. 4. Petals narrow, to 4. Petals wider, to I)/,( 4. Petals to one inch wide. ~ inch wide. inch wide. S. Petals oblanceolate. S. Petals obovate. S. Petals obovate. 6. Petals not overlapping. 6. Petals overlapping. 6. Petals not overlapping.

7. Calyx usually splitting 7. Calyx split 111 one 7. Calyx split in one piece into two sections. piece only. only. 8. Stamens three (rarely 8. Stamens five. 8. Stamen only one. four) .

9. Hypanthium shorter than 9. HypanthiwTI as long as or 9. Hypanthium as long as or the calyx limb. longer than the calyx limb. longer than the calyx limb. [186] Nixon Smiley Bauhinia va:riegata

B auhii;rtia 1140namdm Nixon Smiley

[1 87) 188 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 The Hong Kong Banhinia " 'The only trees known to exist at the present time are those in the Hong Kong U l1(1uestionably the most spectacular Botanical Gardens, a few near the sana­ and most exciting "orchid tree" of them torium of the Mission Etrangeres at Pok­ all is the evergreen Hong Kong species, fulem, on the other side of the island, and B. blakeal1a Dunn. It first flowered in a few more at the Roman Cathedral at Florida in 1953 from a layer obtained in Canton. It is indeed to the fathers of the Hong Kong and brought into the United above Mission that we owe the preserva­ States by the Sub-Tropical Experiment tion of this Bauhinia. It was discovered Station. Since then it has been propa­ by them near the ruins of a house on the gated vegetatively by grafting and air lay­ seashore, and cuttings were planted in ering so that it is commercially available their garden; from the trees thus pro­ now. The fragrant flowers are "orchid­ duced the Botanic Gardens were supplied. like," five and a half to six inches across; Specimens have been compared in the the color is a rich reddish or rose purple, Kew and other herbaria. but without the almost a crimson, and the color does not discovery of any similar plant from else­ fade. Flowers are produced from October where. Its native country must remain to March, each blossom lasting three to for the present obscure.' " four days. For a more complete descrip­ tion of B. blakeanm, see the National H 01'­ Shrubs and S111,all-Leaved Trees ticultuml Magazine, July 1954. G. A. C. Two summer-blooming shrubs of the Herklots, in the April 1948 issue of Food genus Bauhinia are cultivated in South and Flo7Ve1's, a bulletin issued by the Gar­ Florida. One is the white-flowered In­ dens Department of the Hong Kong gov­ dian plant, B. acuminatGJ, and the South ernment, wrote: African scandent shrub, B. galpinii, with its spectacular brick-red flowers suggest­ "Hong Kong possesses its own Ba'uhinia ing oversize nasturtiums. Both bloom which is probably the most beautiful tree prolifically from May to October and are of this genus in the world. Its origin is bare of leaves or nearly so in winter. unknown and as it never produces seed B. galpinii sustains several degrees of I[ is possibly a sterile hybrid. The tree frost, is much cultivated in southern Cali­ was originally described by Mr. S. T fornia, and will climb trees or lend itself Dunn in the]ournal of Botany for 1908, to espaliering. Plants at Homestead and page 325. Accompanying the description Miami often set a few seed pods from late were these comments: fall flowers and the seeds are ready by February; elsewhere through Florida the " 'The trivial name of this species com­ plants rarely set seed. B. galpi11l;"i oc­ memorates the kindly interest taken in the casionally looks ratty if the leaf-cutting Hong Kong Botanical Gardens bv Sir wasps go to work on the leaves; they seem Henry and Lady Blake during th~ gov­ to have a special preference for this spe­ ernorship of the former, which ended in cies of Bauhinia. B. acuminata sets quan­ 1903. The tree is at present a very rare tities of seed, and it flowers profusely all one in cultivation and is likely for some summer. It sometimes needs a nutritional time to remain so, as it can only be prop­ spray to keep the foliage healthy, and, if agated by cuttings. This is the more to taken care of, it is a very ornamental be regretted because out of the numerous shrub. cultivated species of this charming family Three Queensland, Australia, species there is probahly none that equals it are in cultivation in Florida but, so far either in the beauty or the profusion of its as we know, they have not flowered here. flowers. For more than four months the They are B. hookeri, B. cunninghamii and trees remain covered with their large, red­ B. carronii. All three are very similar in dish-purple blooms which develop SLlC­ appearance, with leaves that are small and cessively on the long racemes. cut completely to the base to form two October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 189

leaflets. B. eanonii has gray-green, The so-called B. pieta grown and sold drooping foliage with growth habit sug­ in South Florida was brought into this gestive of the Chinese Ginkgo. Eventu­ country by the U. S. Department of Agri­ ally twenty feet, the tree has scarlet flow­ culture (P.I. 141550) in 1941, and by the ers and will stand twelve degrees of frost. Sub-Tropical Experiment Station, (SES Sometimes this tree is called Queensland 2029) in 1940, both as seeds from the Ebony. B. hooker'i reaches forty feet, Atkins Garden in Cuba. The Director of with clustered white flowers edged crim­ that Garden reported that this plant came son. B. eunningh.a111,ii grows to fifteen feet to them from the Botanic Garden in Sai­ and has rosy-red flowers massed along gon, Indo-China, in 1935, as a seed. We the branches when bare of leaves ; var. have written to this Garden but have never rosea is a southern Queensland dwarf received a reply. Apparently the name form with white flowers faintly tinged B. pieta was applied by the Saigon Bo­ rose. tanical Garden to the species in question. But we think it is time that the name The Yellow Mix-Up "picta" be dropped from this form of B. t01nentosa. N ow begins an exposition of one of several most confusing problems attend­ Another form of B. t01%entosa, this ant upon the genus Bauh:inia. B. tomen­ time not differing in color of the flower, tosa is native to India, southern China, but in the habit of growth and the size Ceylon, and tropical Africa and has be­ of the leaves, has been masquerading un­ come naturalized in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, der the name of B. natalensis (or some­ and other West Indian islands. In Ha­ times spelled B. "taitensis))). We have waii it is called St. Thomas tree. Because grown this from seed from California, of its wide range, it apparently exists in South Africa, and Kenya, East Africa, several different forms and there is great and all the plants have proved to be confusion in botanical gardens, herbaria, B. t0111,entosa. We suspect that this form floras, nursery catalogues, etc., in naming witl]. small leaves and peculiar habit of this species. The typical form seems to branching might be the South African be that which produces flowers that are form of B. t0111,entosa. The true B. nata­ bright yellow in color. This type is usual­ le11,sis Oliver does not seem to be in culti­ ly a small tree or large shrub to twelve vation. H erbarium specimens and de­ feet often trimmed low as a hedge; the scriptions in the literature refer to the flowers may be produced only in the fall true B. natale'JlL sis as a small shrub, with on some plants, others flower off and on the leaf e0111,pletely divided to the base to through the summer and fall. Quite un­ form two distinct leaflets, petals spread­ like the "orchid" flowers of other Bau­ ing, white with some of them reddish in hYinia under discussion, the petals of B. color along the veins, the pods small and t0111,entosa are half-wrapped to form a flat. Certainly the true B. natalensis is tube about two inches long. This rarely not what we are cultivating in Florida. opens more than an inch wide at the In our opinion all of this material should mouth. Down in the throat is frequently be referred to variations of B. t011~entosa. a pencil-size jet-black or chocolate dot, but this may be red or missing entirely. One of the interesting fads about all Also cultivated in Florida is a form of these forms of B. t01%entosa is that the this tree with light yellow, almost whitish flowers fade from the various depths of flowers, that is being called B. pieta. The yellow to dull shades of purple and brown true B. pieta, however, is an entirely dif­ and red. ferent species. It is native to Colombia, its leaves are entire; it has terminal ra­ O,'ehid Trees With Thorns cemes with white petals spotted with red. So far as we know, it has never been The thorny species of Bauhini~and brought into cultivation. there are a good many-are in extreme 190 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Uctober 1956 confusion. B. 1ll olhc ella, B. paMletia and cous and usually pubescent below, espe­ B. aC1l1eata present no problem, but B. cially on the veins, or glabrous, veins 9-11 forficata , B. candl:cal1s, B . co·rniculata, and with characteristic reticulate veins be­ B . 9 ralld ifi01-a need some clarification. \"1 e low. Stipules to y,; in., awl-like, Thorns are convinced that the plants in cultiva­ 2 at each node, sharp, strong, usually one tion are all B. f01·ficata and that B. ca.n­ pointing downward or both pointing dicans is the same and should be put un­ downward, dark tipped, to y,; in. long; der synonomy or else we do not have it in sometimes only one thorn developed or cultivation. , "-.' e have not been able to individual trees may be entirely thornless. satisfy ourselves yet on B. con~io~la.ta6 or B. gra:nd'ifiom, as specim ens have not Inflorescence opposite leaves, of 2-4 been available, hence we cannot determine flowers, but usually in pairs, produced on whether they are valid species. The de­ new branches in spring, peduncle practi­ scriptions in the literature are not helpful. call y absent. Flowers large and showy, white, cup-like, 3-5 in. in diameter, slight­ The following is a detailed description ly fragrant, pedicelled to y,; in.; buds of B . forfica.ta which, in our opinion, fits long and narrow to 2U in., pointed, hairy. many of the large-flowering, spiny Bau­ Calyx splitting down one side and falling h.inia: back, boat shaped, pale whitish green; petals 5, white, usually fading to a cream Bauh·i11ia forfica.ta Link, Enum. Hort. co lor, long and narrow, 20 to 4 in. long, Berol. 1 :404. 1891 ~ to 0 in. wide, with a very prominent midrib, spreading out, all more or less (B. aculeata VeIl., B. ca.Jldicans Benth. alike in size and shape, crinkly margin, or Hort. ?, B. corniculata Benth or Hort. ?, oblanceolate, irregularly cut or indented, B. f~wf/;f,Tacea Hort., B . gra11difiora J uss. very short clawed. Stamens 10, filaments or Hort. ?, B. l017gifiora D. Diev.) white, long and prominent, curved to one side of flower, of different length, white Small thorny tree or large shrub, to hairy at base, attached by a short mem­ 15-20 feet, with upright or spreading brane to each other at base, anthers U in. branches, the latter often zig-zag. Young long. H ypanthium to U in., cylindric, green branches only slightly hairy or white hairy, ovary stipate, style long and clothed with fuzzy hairs. L eaves petioled curved, stigma two parted. Pods to 6-8 to 1 in.; blades variable in size and shape in. long and U in. wide, flat, brown, to 4 in. long and 30 in. wide, longer than woody, stalked, narrow at base and widest broad, d eft 0, the lobes relatively long above the middle, peaked; seeds to Y8 111. , and narrow and pointing upward and brown. acute or obtuse, base round or cordate, sinus usually rounded, dark green; blades B. forfica.ta is an unusual species~the somew hat stiff and thickened, pale glau- flowers are large and showy, opening at night and fading by the end of the next . 6 B . c01"l '"ic~tlata of California a[}pears to be Identical to what we have been calling B. forfi­ day. The thorns are quite prominent, and cata. B. candica:ns, B. cO 'mic~tlata and B . sharp. It is deciduous in winter, and g1'alldifiol'a we think, at least as these plants flowers appear in April and May and exist in cultivation, are B. forficata. These may be gooe! species in the wild, but the plants so continue off and on throughout the sum­ call ed. in cultivation seem to all be B. fo,-ficata. mer to September. It is native to Peru, EXamll1atlO11 of herbarium specimens ane! notes Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uru­ taken from various fl oras shows that in B. co'-lIic~, l ata the stamens and styles are red in guay. It was cultivated in England as color, the petals greeni sh-white. The inflores­ early as 1837, and has been in this coun­ cence is a raceme to 8 inches long, usually with try for many years. C. T. Simpson men­ thorns as well as leaves on the rach is. The fl ower buds become 1Yz inches 10 11 0" the fl ow­ tions (as B. f'/;wfU1·acea) growing it in ers are 2Yz-3 inches long and 3 in ch~s in diam­ 1912 in Miami. Several introductions eter ; petals 1 inch across. The leaves have only a very shallow cl eft, less than one third and distributions have been made ·by the the distance. U . S. Department of Agriculture. October 1956 - THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 191

Cam-Art

Ba11hinia blalwa1w

It is sometimes sold under the name ably Ins given rise to th e numerous syno­ of B _ ca1?-d/:cans ( not to be confused with nyms. In California, it is called B . CO'r­ B . variegata var. candida) or as B. grandi­ niculata . flom, although this latter name has been used for a variety of B. p~w purea . T here It is said to be one of the hardiest of are slight variations in the shape of the the Bauhinia species and probably can be leaf, depth of its cleft, amount of pubes­ grown in North Florida as well as in cence, size of the fl ower , and this prob- southern Georgia. 192 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956

Key to the Cultivated Species of Bauhinia

A. Vines climbing with the aid of tendrils. B. Leaves cleft to the base, thus forming two separate leaflets. C. Petals white, stamens sometimes r ed ___ . ______1. B. binata C. Petals pink, some of them with red stripes ______7. B. saigonensis B. Leaves not cleft to the base, merely two-lobed. C. Petals bright yellow______4. B. fassoglensis C. Petals not bright yellow. D. Leaves glabrous; stamens 10; petals white, one concave and spotted with red.__ . ______3. B. c~~manel1,sis D. Leaves pubescent ; stamens less than 10. E. Stamens 7 or 8; petals yell owish-green ______6. B. macrostachys E. Stamens 3; petals white to cr eam or pinkish. F. Leaves to one foot long and wide; pubescence white or rust colored______8. B. vahlii F. Leaves smaller ; pubescence red silky. G. Leaves to one inch long and wide, cleft to below the middle ______2. B. corymbosa G. Leaves to 3~ inches long and wide, cleft to only one third ______5. B. ht~pehana A. Shrubs or trees, or if climbing, tendrils absent. B. Stems with spines at base of leaves but above the stipules. C. Flowers yellow-green, not showy. D. Petals to 3 inches long, hair-like, coiled back.______12. B. p(]ltdetia D. Petals to VB inch long, 74 inch broad, not hair-like nor coiled back ______26. B. polycarpa C. F lowers white and showy. D. Flowers 2 to 2~ inches in diameteL______9. B. awleata· D. F lowers 3 to 5 inches in diameter. E. Leaves conspicuously soft velvety pubescent above and be­ low; inflorescence a short corymb of 4 or more fl owers; petals to 2~ inches long ______11. B. mollicella E. Leaves g~abrou s or if pubescent mostly on veins below; in- florescence of 2 or 3 flowers ; petals '3 inches or more long __ 10. B. forficata B. Stems without spines. C. Leaves cleft to the base, thus fo rming two separate leaflets. D. Petals nearly all equal in size and shape; inflorescence of more than 2 or 3 flowers. E. Vine-like shrub; petals obovate one inch lon o- white' sta­ mens and style usually red; i ~flo r escence a d~nse ax'i1l ary corymb ------____. ______1. B. binata E. Tree; petals ovate, white with crimson markillO'S' stamens and style white; inflorescence a short terminal r;c~me ______22. B . hookeri D. P etals of different size, 2 longer, 2 shorter, and one as long as the calyx lobes; 1l1florescence of 2 or 3 flowers opposite the leaves. E . Calyx lobes % inch long ; calyx tube short and broad' petals ovate ------______-' 21. B . c1~nnil~ghanlii E. Calyx lobes VB inch long; calyx tube long and narrow ; petals obovate ------______20. B. ca1'rom~ C. Leaves not cleft to the base, merely two-lobed or entire. D. Leaves entire, obtuse or with a small notch at the apex: petals pale cream or yell ow, 3 with irregular dark spots ______29. B. retllsa D. Leaves cleft from y,; to :y,; , producing two lobes. E. Petals brick-red in color; sprawling shrub sometimes c1imb- 1Ilg ------______. ______16. B. galpinii E. P etals not brick-red; erec t shrubs or trees. October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 193

F. Petals yellow or cream-colored, with a dark spot at base of one petal inside ; flowers bell-shaped, pendant, to 20 inches long ______. ______------18. B. t omentosa F. Petals and flowers not as described above. G. Petals narrow, linear or hair-like, to 3 or 4 inches long; stamens 10, as long or longer than the petals. H. Calyx and calyx tube conspicuously brown or red- dish brown tomentose ______24. B. megalandra H. Calyx tube not brown tomentose ______12. B. pm£letia G. Flowers not as described above. H. F lowers relatively small, less than 2 inches in diameter. 1. Fertile stamen only one, long protruding; petals white, usually turning to pale or deep pink with age ______14. B. div01'icata 1. Fertil e stamens 10. J. Leaves very small, less than 0 inch long, cleft y,;; branches short, produced in a flat plane ______. ______.__ 30. B. nl.jescens ]. Leaves larger, cleft 74 to 0; branches not in a flat plane. K. Leaves conspicuously reticulate below: inflorescence a hanging raceme; petals not spreadin g, to y,; inch long ___ .. ______23. B. malub01'ica K. Leaves relatively thin ; inflorescence erect. L. Flowers to y,; inch in diameter, white; petals all alike and spread- mg, short clawed _. ______15. B. fabe1'i L. F lowers 0 inch or less in diameter, not showy; petals not clawed. M. Petals oval, erect, not spread­ ing, formil'lg a cup-like flower; petiole conspicuously grooved ____ 26. B. P9Z'yc01'pa M. Petals linear, recurved and re- co il ed; petiole not grooved ______28. B. TOcemosa H. F lowers large and showy, 2 to 6 inches il'l diameter. 1. Fertile stamen one; plants flowering during the summer months ______25. B. 11wnand1'o, . 1. Fertile stamens more than one. J. Fertile stamens 3 (or 4) ; plants flowering in the fall months ______27. B. purpuna ]. Fer tile stamens more than 3. K. Fertil e stamens 5 (or 6 ); trees. L. Flowers purple or reddish-purple. M. F lowers to 4 inches in dia~eter, produced in winter and spring, in short clusters of 3 to 7; petals overlapping ______31. B. variegata M. F lowers to 50 and 6 inches in diameter, produced from Octo­ ber to March in elongating racemes; petals not overlap- ping ------19. B. blakeana L. Flowers white ___ . ______32. B. v01'iegata var. calldida K. Fertil e stamens 10 (rarely 8); shrubs fl owering in the summer __ .______13. B. aCUll1111ata

October 1956 T H E N ATIONAL HORTICULT URAL MAGAZI NE 195

Below are short descriptions of most of the slat shade. Leaves cleft less than 1/3. F lowers Bauhil/ia species in cultivat io n. T hose be t 10 inches acros , fragrant, white, usuall y tinged adapted to P eninsul ar F lorida and consid ered with pink, produced in elongati ng corymbl ike the most attractive species are marked with an racemes from March to J une. Stamens 3. asterisk. 6. B. 1IlOcroslaciJ3's \!\Ta ll. (8. sea l/ dens Roxb .. ) . Nati ve to India and cul tivated in the Orien t and at the Atkins Botani ca l Garden in *1. B. binala Blanco (B. bla l/ eoi Baker, B. Cuba . Recently in troduced to FI'orida by the pilll!ala "'/alp. ). Nati ve to so uthea tern Asia. Sub-T ropical Experi ment Station. Leaves cleft Introduced by D r. David F airchild in 1940 ~ . F lowers ye ll owish-green, to IJ1, inches from Nanipo Island , Moluccas, and di tributed across. appearing in late summer and fa ll. Sta­ by the USDA ( P. I. 139345). Vineli ke shrub, men 7 or 8. resembling B . galp il/ii but the new growth po - sesses coil ed tendril s. Leaves completely di­ *7. B. saiyol/el/sis Pieere ex Gagnepain. vided into two separate small. oval leaflet. "Saigon Bauhinia." This species was di covered F lowers whi te, starlike, to 2 inche acro s, pro­ in 1912 in the State of Cochin Chine, F rench duced in den e axillary and terminal corymbs Indo-China. wa introduced to the United States from April to June. Stamens 10, white, in age by the USDA in 1937 (P. 1. 129188) and dis­ usuall y becoming red . tributed for trial in 1939 and 1940. I t has been grown ucce sfull y in norther n F lorida and also 2. B . corY lll bosa Roxb. (B. sea l/ de l/ s Burm.) in outhern Cal ifornia. A de li cate but hardy "Phanera." Nati ve to South Chi na. Said to be attractive vin e with leave" completely divided one of the mos t attracti ve pecic of Ballhil/ia into two leaflets. F lowers pink-lavender with vines; it has been grown in many countrie in­ red vein s, to I JI, in che across, produced in cludin g H awaii and has bee n tried in southern elongating raceme from April to 1 ovembe r. California but in South F lorida it has not been tamen 3. very successful. Leaves small, cleft to below the middle. F lowers to 1 inch acro s, pa le pi nk­ 8. B. vaMii W ight and Arnott (not B . ish or rose colored, or wh ite with pink venation, raCelllOSa Vahl. ). "Malu or Maloo creeper." the petals spreading and nearly all alike, pro­ Native to northern India. It has been in Florida duced in elongating racemes throughout the for many years and wa offered by the Royal summer months. Stamens 3. Palm Nur ery at Oneco, F lorida, before 1900. A recent introd uction that accounts fo r the *3. B. cWl1al/e ll sis HBK (B. heferoph'ylla plants in South F lorida at the present time K unth. ). "Turtle vine.' Native to western Cuba, was made by the U DA in 1932 ( P . 1. 98803). Trinidad, and northern South America. Intro­ T hi s is one of the most spectacul ar of the duced into F lorida from Cuba by C. T. imp­ Bauhinia species-a giganti c cl im be r to 100 son nearly SO years ago. In 1940 it was dis ­ feet, hardly sui table fo r the average garden, tributed by the U SDA ( P . I. 110893) . Old er but sometime found in special coll ections. The stems become woody, flat and twisted and with trunk may become 4 inches in diameter and is turtle-shaped swellings. Leaves of two types, often deeply fluted. T he leaves are very large, those cleft to the middl e and those on young to 12 inches long and wide, cleft ~ . T he shoots that are cut nearly to the base. F lowers fl owers are cream-colored, Z to 2J1, inches white, fragrant, to 10 inches across, produced across, prod uced in elongating terminal corymb­ in short axillary and terminal elongating li ke racemes from April to October. Stamens 3. racemes from J une to October. Stamen 10 . Rarely fruits in Florida. Species with T horns-Shrubs 01' Small Trees 4. B . fassog lensis Kotschy ex. Schweinf. Na­ ti ve from Central Sudan to T ransvaal, South 9. B. acnleafa L. (B . albiftora Bri tt. and Africa. Introduced by the USD A ( P . 1. Rose, B. e'lI'largilla la M ilL , B . Wl.g11la Jacq. ) . 133442 and 11 3837 ) in the late 1930's. T he few Nati ve to the Lesser A ntilles and northern ; specimens in South Florida have grown w~ ll South Ameri ca. Introduced in 1932 by Dr. . and they fl ower profusely but fail to set frUlt. F airchild from seeds coll ec ted on Ca nnouan It is a scandent shrub, the leaves nearly round Island nea r T rinidad (P. 1. 97864). Shrub to in outline and notched onl y a short di stance. 12 fee t with conspi cuous, sharp. curved thorns, Flowers are bright yellow, to 3 inches across, Z at a node. Leaves cleft ~. F lowers resem­ produced in long racemes off and on through­ bling B . aC~Mwinafa, white, ZJI, inches across. out the year . Stamens only 2. produced in cl usters of 1 to 3 opposite a leaf and appearing in May and June. Stamens 10. 5. B . /wpehal/o Carib. Native to Central China. I ntroduced in 1926 and again in 1936 10. B. forjica fa Link (see page 190) . ( P. 1. 114718). In both cases the USDA di s­ tributed plants fo r trial in Florida. It has been *11. B . 7'l1o llicella Blake. Native to .V el1ez uela grown as far north as Gainesville, F la., under and Colombia. Introduced by the USDA in 1935 ( P . 1. 110895) and di stribHted fOf trial in Florida in 1941. The best of the white-flower­ Rauhinia ing thorny species and much preferred to B. f01'ji.cata. Large spreading shrub or tree to 20 fassoglensis I c~mLG n ens i s feet, thorns Z at a node. Leaves soft velvety pubescent, cleft ~. F lowers large and showy, vahlii I saigo NI? 'l1 sis 3 to 4 in ches across, white fading to a cream color, produced 1 to 5 together, appe;!ring fro111 All photos of J. C. Noonan April to October. Stamen 10. . Ba1thinia f01'jicata photo­ graphed by N i_~on Smiley; others by I. C. Noonan.

a.culeata forficata 11'/,0 llic ella pauletia

[196] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZIN E 197

12. B . pa1l,l e/ia Persoon (B. aClIleata Cav.). with colored markin gs. Several re.:e nt intro­ "Railway Fence Bauhinia." Native to Central ductions have been made in F lorida but to date America from western Mexico to Panama, also none has fl owered and therefore we are un­ Venezuela and T rinidad and escaped in Puerto certain of the true id entity of this pecies at the Rico. In certain co untries it is often round presen t time. growing along roadsides and rail road rights-of­ way, hence the common name. Introduced by *18. B. fOlll e1'I/osa L. ( not B. lIatalel/ sis Oli ver the U SDA in 1941 ( P . 1. 141 549) for trial in not B. pieta D c., not B. taitensis I-Iort.) . "Yel: South F lorida. Shrub or small tree to 16 feet. low or Bell Bauhi nia." Native to India South Spines stout and sharp, two at each node. Leaves China, Ceylon, and tropical South Africa and notched % or less. F lowers unusual, large but cultivated in many tropi cal co untri es. I t was relati vely inconspicuous because of the narrow, grown in Florida before 1900. Shrub or small yellowish-green hairlike petals that are 3 inches tree to 15 feet, vari ab le in growth habit. F low­ long; flowers produced in a raceme from Octo­ ers bell haped, droopi ng, the petals overlapping, ber to J anuary. Stamens 5. Grown as an oddity. brIght sulph ur yellow or cream colored, fadi ng to browni sh red. Stamens 10. Shn£bs-Not Thonty *13. B. ac~ ~11'11'na t a L. (not B. petioliata as Trees li sted in U SD A Circular No. 34, SO llie Orna­ mell tal ShrL~ b s fo r fh e Tropics, 1951), "Dwarf *19. B, b la /~e ol/a Dunn. "I-l ong Kong Bauhinia. " white Bauhinia." Native to southeastern Asia (See page 188) and has been in culti vati on in this co untry since before 1900. Shrub to 10 feet. Leaves cleft 1/ 3. 20, B. earrol1ii F . IvI uel 1. "Quee nsland E bony." Flowers showy, pure white, to 4 inches across, Native to Queensland . A ustralia. Gro wn to a produced in elongating racemes from May t li mited extent in sO'lth ern Cali fornia and re­ October. Stamens 10. cen tl y introduced to South Florida where it has not fl owered yet. Small tree to 20 fee t with * 14 . B . div a-rieata L. (B. aW'i/a Griseb., B . drooping branches. Leaves divid ed into 2 small 1nexieana Vogel. , B. pon'ec ta SW., B. HlIg'lIlata leaflets. F lowers white, the petals spreading, L.) "P ata de Vaca," Variable species native to edged with purple, produced 2 or 3 together. the Greater A ntill es and Central America from Stamens 10. Mexico to Guatemala. H as been cultivated in Texas as fa r north as Austin and subjected to 21. B. ennllingiJa 111 ii Benth. N ative to Queens­ temperatures as low as 10°F. I ntroduced to land, Australi a, and introduced for trial in Florida in 195 1 as seed from Texas, Cuba, and Florida by USDA ( P. 1. 194496 and 194497) J amaica, Shrub or small tree to 16 feet. Leaves in 195 1, but no specimens have fl owered yet. variable in size and shape, usually cleft about T ree to 15 feet with long arching branches. 1/ 3, Flowers unusual, white, usually turning Leaves divided into 2 separate leafl ets. F lowers pink with age, 10 inches across, produced in rosy-red, or in variety 1'osea white or dull yel­ short elongating racemes off and on through­ low with red ma rkings, produced 2 or 3 to­ out the year. Stamen onl y 1. gether. Stamens 10.

15. B. faberi Oliver (B. godef1'oyi Gag.) . 22. B . hookeri F. Muel1. Native to Queens­ N ative to Indo-China and fi rst introd uced in lali d, Australia. I ntroduced to F lorida a num­ 1914 ( P. 1. 40 708) and again in 1937 (P, 1. ber of times but none of the plants have fl owered 129 190) by the U SDA and distributed in 1939- yet. Large spreading tree to 40 feet. Leaves 40. Spreading shrub to 12 feet with graceful cleft to the base to fo rm two separate lea fl ets. arching branches. Leaves cleft to the middle. F lowers showy, 2 to 3 inches across, in large F lowers white, small, to :xi inch in diameter, clusters, petals white bordered with crimson. produced on short ax illary racemes from May Stamens 10. to September. Stamens 10. 23. B . m a,iabal'ica Roxb. (not B. 1 ' eti e ~llata *1 6. B. galpin ii N . E. Br. (B . pH12etata Bolle) . D C. of Africa) . "Malabar Bauhi nia." Native "Red or Nasturtium Bauhinia." Native to South to India, Burma, Siam, and Java. It was listed Africa ; discovered in 1890, cultivated in E ng­ by the Royal Palm Nursery in Oneco, Fla., as land in 1895 alad within a few years it had ap­ early as 1887, bu t the few trees in cultivation in peared in various countries throughout the F lorida today are from introductions by the world. F irst cultivated in Florida in 1903 near U SDA in the late 1920's and early 193 0's ( P , 1. Jacksonville. Low, spreadi ng shrub with long 9Q 81) . Large spreading tree to 40 reet. Leaves branches that if giveH support will cl imb with­ cld t %. Flowers to :xi inches long and wide, out the aid of tendrils. Leaves cl eft to less than tubul ar, greeni sh white, in pendent racemes, ap­ 76 . Flower s large and showy, brick red in color, pearing from late October through F ebruary. 20 inches acr oss, petals more or less erec t and Stame ns 10. little spreading. Stamens 3. Flowers appear from May to October on new growth as it elon­ 24. B. megaland1'a Griseb. Native to the gates. The .ax illary inflorescences of 2 to . 10 Lesser Antilles' from St. K itts to T rinidad, and flowers each are produced at every third node, also in V enezuela. First introduced by Dr. F airchild in 1932 ( P . 1. 99521), Small tFee to 17. B . pete1'Sia'l1a Bolle. Native of tropical 15 feet. Leaves cl eft 1/ 3. Flowers similar to Africa and reported in cultivation in Trilaidad B . patlletia, long and narrow, to 5 inches long, and Calcutta. It is a climbing shrub with the petals straplike, only % to }8 inch wide, leaves cleft to the middle, the fl owers large, white, appearing in winter months, and pro­ white or pale yell ow, the petals narrow and duced singly opposite the leaves. Stamens 10. J. C. Noonan J. C. Noon an

Nixon Smiley Nixon Smiley

Ba,uhi'l1:ia jab e1"i I rlivaricata galpinii I tomentosa [198] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 199

*25 . B. 1II0llalldra Kurz. (B. /wppll'ri Sagot, B. *32. B . "<'aril'!}ala L. var. wlldida Robx. (B. lungii U rban ). Nativ e to Burma and long in alba Buch.-Ham.). Simil ar to the preceding but cultivation in tropical countries but it seems to the flowers lack al l red, purple, and blue pig­ have been in Florida only in the past 30 years. ment and are pu re white with the standard Small tree to 20 feet. Leaves cleft 1f3 to )1, . pos essing greenish vein s. Flowers large and howy, to 4 in ches acros , pink, produced in clusters of 5 to 9 in an axil­ Other Species lary raceme frOIll April to November. Stamen B. allgnilla Roxb. "Snake Climber," is a vine only 1. with curious flattened stem and small white fl owers; it i native to India and cultivated 26. B. polycarpa Wall. Native to Indo-China, t)·ere. B. challlpallii 8enth. of Hong Kono' is a Burma, and India. Introd uced by the USDA in vine recently introduced into F lorida, but it has 1930 and distributed the following year (P. I. not. fl owered yet. R. flalllllli/era Ridley, a vine 8670 1). Small tree to 12 feet. Leave cleft 11:, natIve to the 'Malay Peninsula and cultivated to )l, . Flowers small and inconspicuous, yellow­ there, ha not as yet been grown succe sfully in green, ;4 in ch long, produced in hort racemes, Florida; it has yell ow flower that turn red appearing from October to December. Stamens with age. B. diphyllo Hamilt. is a vine with 10. tendrils and leave divided to the base to form two distin~t leaflets; the flower are large, '~27. B. pnrpnrea L. (B. alba Hort., B. gralldi­ creamy whIte and with ten stamen ; it is native ceps Hort., B . gralldiflora Hort., B. 'rosea Hort., to outheastern A ia and i cultivated in India. B. glal/ca \Vall. of Burma, Malaya, and South B. violacea Hort., B. trialldra Roxb.). Native China, i a woody climber with small white to India, South China, Burma, Cey lon, Siam, flowers in den se corymb. Introduced by the and cultivated in many tropical countries. It USDA (P. 1. 123844) in 1937. B. il/voll/cellala arrived in Florida before 1900. Tree 20 to 40 Kurz. is natiye to India and cultivated there; it feet tall. Leaves cleft Va to )1,. Flowers large i a cl im bing hrub without tendrils; has cleft and showy, 3 to 5 inches across, varying in leave )1,; petals pale ro e, to 1)1, inches long, color (see page 185), produced in elongating the bracteoles on the pedicel enlarged to 113 inch racemes near the end of the branches, frolll to form a two leaved involucel to each flower. October to December. Stamens 3. B. phoellicea Heyne i a candent shrub native to and cultivated in India. B. o/ltl/sala Vog. of 28. B. l'acelllosa L. Native to India, Ceylon, Brazil \vas introduced by the USDA in 1943 and Malaya. Introduced by the USDA in 1934 (P. 1. 147597) and is represented at the U. S. (P. 1. 105728). Small tree to 20 feet. Leaves Plant Introduction Garden in Coconut Grove; cleft ;4. F lowers white or pale yellow, and the flowers are similar to B. lII egalalldra. like B. po13,carpa, small and inconspicuous, pro­ B. escl/lellta Berchill. "Tamani Berry" or duced in short erect racemes from May to Sep­ "Gemsbok Bean," is a native of so uthwestern tember. Stamens 10. Africa. It is sa id to be a tree to 40 feet, but usually seen a a prostrate, trailing plant which 29. B. l'etusa Roxb. (B. ell1argillata VialL). can even be used as a ground cover. Seedlings Native to northern India and introduced by the grown at the Sub-Tropical Experiment station USDA in 1934 (P. 1. 105870 and 105871). behave as vines and produce tendrils. The Tree to 20 feet. Leaves nearly entire, with onl y flowers are fragrant, a bright yellow color, a small notch at the apex. F lowers 1 inch with broad petals, produced on erect 4-inch across, pale yellow or cream with dark purple­ stems in October and November. The roots are red spots, produced in a many-branched, elon­ thick and of reddish color and, when dried, are gating panicle from September to January. boi led and eaten by the natives of Africa. The Stamens 3. seeds are )I, inch in diameter and are an im­ portant so urce of food for the African Bush­ men and also feed for cattle. The seeds are rich 30. B. n;fescel1s Lam. (B. parvifiora Hochst., in protein and oils, the latter 42 per cent and B. l'ubescens Bong.), Native to Central Afr ica of a pleasant taste. The oil is similar to cotton­ and introduced into Florida by :Mel1l1inger in seed oil and commercially is ca ll ed "gemsbok the early 1940's. Small tree to 15 feet with odd oiL" manner of bra.nching, producing flat-spreading branches in one plane. Leaves very small, less than )I, inch long, cleft :y,;. Flowers white, :y,; inch long, not showy, produced in small racemes off and on throughout the year. Sta­ Page 200. ) mens 10. Pods black, and much coil ed.

*3 1. B. variegata L. Native to southeastern Bauhi'}II,ia malabarica. Asia from South China to Dutch East Indies (Photo by J. c. Noonan) and in cultivation for many years in tropical countries; reported to be in the West Indies before 1700 and in Florida before 1900, It is also grown in California, Texas, and in pro­ Bauhinia hoo/uri tected areas in some of the Gulf States. Tree ( Photo by J. R. Bail ey, Brisbane, Australia) 20 to 40 feet tall. Leaves cleft ;4 to 113. Flow­ ers large and showy, 4 to 5 inches across (see page 184 fo r color ), produced in few-flowered, short, axillary inflorescences from February to March. Stamens 5.

Four Native American Mints

HELEN M. Fox

Until recently most herbs in our gar­ Torrey Botanical Society, of H. H. Rusk dens have come either from Europe or in Country Life and many others in the from the Near or Far East. Only a few bulletins of the New York Botanical native to this hemisphere or this conti­ Garden. The pamphlet by Elias Janof­ nent were grown. AmQng American sky, Food Plants of N ortb American In­ plants with fragrant foliage, Lemon ver­ dians, U.S.D.A. Misc. Publication 237, bena, Lippia cif1'iodora from Argentina is invaluable, as is the United States and Chile, has been the exception for its Dispensatory of which a new edition has popularity as a tea and flavor. Other just appeared. In addition to these writ­ American plants that belong in the herb ten records, there is information to be gardens are pineapple sage, Salvia ele­ gleaned from collectors of seeds and ga11s; chia, Salvia columbariae; the mQ­ plants as well as the traditions in each nardas; yerba buena, jJi{icro11l.eria cha111is­ locality. The field is fascinating and sonis; fragrant go ld e n rod, Solidago slow Iy being exploi teel. odora; as well as shrubs such as spice bush, the bayberries and sweet ferns not Of the plants grown by me lately, four to omit southern hollies used for the members of the · mint family seemed brewing of drinks similar to mate. There worthy of description. The best looking are quantities of "herbs" used by Indians of these is Agastache Barberi, an attrac­ and early settlers which might be lifted tive perennial with straight, leafy stems from oblivion and given notoriety by topped by spikes of rose or pale pink planting them in our gardens where they flowers that keep opening all summer. not only bring novelty and variety to the Closely related, but not as handsome as plant material but also an indigenous, the foregoing, is anise hyssop, Agastacl1e strongly American atmosphere. anethiodom, suitable in the herb garden with its spires of grey-lavend.er blossoms For the past years I have ·been search­ and foliage, fragrant of anise. Abound­ ing for such plants, growing as many as ing in fields and thickets is narrow-leaved I could collect and trying them out for mountain mint, Pytnanthemum fi exuo­ food, flavor and pot-pourri. Unfortu­ sum, with its numerous leafy stems and nately, I have not the facilities for trying inconspicuous flower heads, perhaps too those which were medicine in more primi­ bushy for the border, but attractive as a tive days, and as yet have not been able foreground to shrubs, or a background to to persuade any chemists to experiment more colorful plantings. The fourth plant with them as medicine or perfume. One is the dainty Satureia glabella var. an­ source of material for these plants are the gustifolia, that fills a niche in a rock wall, reports of ethno-,botanists about Indians, or rock garden, provided its tiny mats of and other articles generally to be found green basal leaves are protected from in publications of the Smithsonian In­ weeds so they can develop and send stitute. There are also the articles of forth slender stalks carrying violet blos­ Dr. V. Havard in the Bulletins of the soms. [201] Gottscho-Schleisner

Agastache anethiodora

[202) October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 203 In the border of my herb garden. where fl owering stalks by April when they were the population changes somewhat every moved outdoors to a unn y, well drained year because of the introd uction of novel­ position where the soil had been enriched ties and the eliminati on of less beautiful with compost and the plants bloomed all or less spreading plants, not to mention ummer, on through several frosts until catastrophes of one kind or another, these November. The fl owers do not last in· past two summers, the roseate fl owering doors after being cut, but are delightful spikes of Agastache Barberi were very in pot-pourri. handsome alongsi de white-flowered A lli­ um t'Uberosum, spires of dwarf lavender. T he tems feel rough and are square and maroon tufts of purple basil. Seeds with 4 grooves between 4 corners. They of this plant came to me labelled riga. are tinted lightly brown near the base sta,clie 1"bfgosa. Before describing it fo r and have glossy hair 0 tiny they are publication I sent the plant to Dr. Bailey vi ible on ly under a minoscope. Includ­ to be identified and he sent it on to Dr. ing the inflorescence which is about 9 Carl Epling of the University of Cali­ inches long, the stem rise to about 3 fornia who is working on Labiatae fo r feet. The lower foo t or less is bare be­ North American F lora. Dr. Epling fo re the stems branch out but the central wrote "Your plant is not typical of other stem carries through in a perpendicular wild plants but can scarcely be related to lin e. The leaves subtending the branches any other species. Hence its identifica ­ are much larger than those on the stems. tion is not positive ." The plant had been All leaves are opposite and in pairs and named "Brittonastn.l111 Barberi" by Bar­ on the stem the leaves have tinier pairs ber and Robinson who collected it at growing out of the axils. Stem leaves Colonia Garcia in Chihuahua at an alti­ are ovate, roundly toothed, slightly glossy tude of 2290 meters in 1899. In 1890 it and light green on the upper surface was collected by Dr. Palmer in Los Mini­ tos, Sonora, Mexico, at an altitude of where the hairs are tiny, and dull on the 2000 meters and in South Western Chi­ under surface where the hairs are sca[­ huahua. Dr. Epling says the plant ranges tered and longer. They measure 1y,J." from Santa Cruz in A ri zona to Durango long and y,J." across. The whorls of and Sonora, Mexico. I t has li ved through flow ers are about Ys" apart at the base of an uL1usually dry winter outdoors in my the infl orescence and 0" at the top. Four garden in southern N.ew York. Evident­ to 6 narrowly campanulate, rose-colored ly cold does not harm it, but wet does. flow e r ~ grow on short opposite stems 'which rise at an acute angle to the main The plant resembles rose-colored bee­ stem and are subtended by narrow point­ balm, except. fo r the elongated inflores­ ed leafl ets. The calyx is X" long and cence, far daintier leaves, and much­ the corolla y,J." long and Ys" across at branch@d stenlS. The fragrance of leaves the mouth. Corolla lobes terminate in and flowers is similar to that of beebalm fine sharp points. The corolla is 2 lipped, but sweeter and more delicate, almost of the upper :2 .divided, while the lower lip lavender, mingled with mint, lemon and bends outward and is 3 divided, the cen­ resin. It is pervasive and penetrating in tral being widest. Four stamens and a the garden. In the room where flower­ 2-forked pistil extend slightly beyond the heads are being dried for their seeds the corolla. The stamens are the same color odor is very noticeable and it lasts a long as the petals while the pistil is a shade time on the hands after handling the darker. The colors of the corolla glow plants. The roots creep underground and are a mingling of Ridgway's Rosolane and send up numerous upright stems so Purple, Tyrian Pink and Tyrian Rose, that a single seedling planted in spring while the calyx has a green base tinted will grow into a sizable clump before the over with dusty rose purple (the last color summer is over. My seeds were planted names are mine). In late fall the flowers in a greehouse in November and produced take on deeper shades. Gottscho-Schleisner

FycnanthemU111, fiexuosum

[204] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 205 A hardy plant growing from Quebec extending beyond them. The corolla is into New York and from Alberta to one-third longer than the calyx, of bluish Minnesota and south to Illinois and Mis­ lavender and with glistening hairs both souri is Anise Hyssop, Agastache anethi­ inside and out. adam, unusual becau e the foliage has the scent of anise or licorice, usually asso­ There are twenty-one pycnanthemums, ciated with members of the parsley fam­ fo rmerly known as Koellia, all but two ily and not with the mints. Here the of them growing in Eastern U ni ted licorice is tempered with a slight element States. The one to be described is called of camphor. The plant was first described n a r row -1 e a v e d mint, Pyc11anthe111U111 by Thomas Nuttall who found it "on the flexuasum, and is a perennial, distributed plains of Missouri near Fort Mandan. on from Georgia through Maine to the Mis­ the borders of thickets." Evidently it sis ippi basin , in dry soil along borders grows in dry soil sometimes in op,enings of woods and waysides and sometimes in of woods or in prairies. Claude Barr, fields and thickets. The plant is leafy and western plant collector, recommends rich feathery because of the profuse foliage soil with moderate moisture and some which is pleasantly fragrant of penny­ shade. I have followed his instructions royal. The leaves are similar to those of with success. Yanofsky says the Indians tarragon while the compact corymbs of of the Rocky Mountain States drank an flowers are very like those of pot mar­ infusion of the leaves. This agastache joram. The roots creep undergrouncl and in addition to producing brown, under­ is somewhat weedy looking with numer­ ground, branching stems send out pale ous 3 feet high stems topped by crowded shoots to develop into smooth, square, lavender-gray whorls of flowers forming stiff, much branched stems. These stems a clublike spike, yet they are handsome are woody and brown at the base and and provide a feathery gray background marked with tiny, ,fine, pierpendicular to gray plants such as artemisias and lines; higher up 4 angles develop without lavenders. They flower from mid-June hollows between them. The leaves are through to September and after the in opposite pairs, 0" apart on the stem, blooms are over the flowering spike with 1" long and ,%" broad, sessile, entire, and its purple-green calyces is decorative. with the central ri·b hairy. The blade is dark green above and yellow green on The roots creep and from them rise clus­ the under surface, where there are fine ters of square, smooth, slightly glossy glands. The short heads of sessile flowers stems with shallow hollows between the are subtended by hairy bracts pointed at corners. Opposite pairs of leaves grow the tips. The tiny flowers are 3/ 16" all along the stems and from their axils across, labiate, and are white with round, other stems branch out clothed with small blue-purple dots. A few open at a time leaves and tipped by flowering spikes. and the heads have some bloom on them The leaves are ovate-lanceolate, broad at all summer. The corolla is 2 lipped, the the base and terminate in a point and are upper 2 divided and the lower 3 parted. toothed along the margins. A medium­ There are hairs in the throat and on sized leaf measures 20" in length by inner sides of the petals. Stamens and 1¥S" across and has a stalk ~" long. pistil do not extend beyond the corolla. The upper surface is much darker than the under and is smooth and almost \Vhen ordering seeds of a specimen glossy, while the under surface has micro­ new to the garden there is always some scopic hairs. The crowded whorls of doubt as to how it will look, for the living flowers at the termination of the stem plant is always different from black and form a spike that measures from 2-5". white descriptions. It was a delight to The flowers are labiate, very narrow, find I had a dainty perennial plant smell­ tubular, ¥S" long and are slightly 2 lip­ ing sweetly and of pennyroyal, namely ped with 4 stamens and a 2-forked pistil Satureia glabella var. angustifalia, a long 206 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956

name for the little plant. At first there situations and in the South in the moun­ were square, much branched stems 4" to tains. The plant has borne many names, 9" high bearing 2-lipped flowers and later the first being Cunila; later in turn it be­ beneath them grew a mat of green leaves came Micro11~e1'ia glabella, Hedeoma something like the mat of JliI entha Re­ a1-kansana, Cala11'/'intha N~£ttaUii and wore quieni, with actually creeping stolons of other names of neat· relatives. The type purple maroon, rooting as they advanced. is large flowered and robust and was The leaves on these stolons are shaped found by Andre Michaux on the banks differently from those on the stems. They of the Cumberland River near Nashville are rounded at the tip, oval with the base in 1803. John Torrey found the variety of the central vein depressed 5/16" long angustifolia at Niagara Falls and wrote and 3/16" across and purple-maroon on of it in 1818 in his "The Genera" as fol­ the under side. The stem leaves in oppo­ lows: "CuniZa glabella of Michaux occurs site pairs are linear, Yz" long, rounded at in Tennessee in rocks, and differs from the tip, obovate with hairiness aLong the the Niagara plant in being much larger; central veins, marked with glands and the leaves are ovate or obovate and glistening on both surfaces. The stems toothed. I should have describecl the are stiff, upright and glistening. Near the latter as a distinct species had I not re­ top of the stem the flowering whorls are ceived some Ohio specimens collectecl by right above the leaves or almost level with Mr. Sullivant which connect the two them. They are bluish-violet, Yz" long, forms." In his Botany, Asa Gray calls 2-lipped, the lower 3 divided. Of the 4 it Calamintha Nuttallii and writes: "­ stamens, two are longer than the others. it is from 5-9" high with narrower most­ ly entire leaves and fewer flowered clus­ The little Satureia is found from V\T est­ ters (than the type) while sterile runners ern New York to Minnesota and south I from the base near ovate, thickish leaves to Missouri and Texas, chiefly in rocky only 2-5" long." Your Hibiscus and How To Grow Them

CLARENCE A . BASS*

~ owhere is the improvised saying, and better one. }-lowever, 'Scarlet Red' "The world is my garden," more true and 'Versicolor' are still popular today than here in South Florida, for mo t of and are often u ed fo r hedges because the useful and ornamental plants that we they are hardy and will tand a lot of see every day come from other lands. abuse. The hibisc us is one of the 1110 t colorful and 1110 t beautiful of these. Hibiscus nil". Reasoner illlported a quantity of have become so popular in Florida that hibiscus eed from Hawaii in 1908. Frolll there is scarcely a garden without them. these he grew about two hundred seed­ It seems that everyone wi th room for a lings which he lined ou t in the fi eld for plant wants a hibiscus. Today, literally observation. After about two year , he tens of thousands of these plants add selected sixteen of these for propagating. colorful zest to the landscape in all parts These sixteen varietie were named after of South Florida. Much or this popularity the godde ses in Greek mythology and is due to the versatility of the species were the first named va ri eties of so-called which offers a type of flo\over to sati sfy fancy hibiscus dis em inated in Ameri ca . any in dividual taste. The plant itself is a They were first Ii ted in the 1913 cata­ lush evergreen and, even without its fl ow­ logue of the Royal Palm N urse ri es. Most ers, is a desirable addition to the garden. of them gradually disappeared, but Some varieties, notably 'Matensis Vari e­ 'Minerva,' 'Psyche,' 'Venus,' and 'Eu­ gated,' have brightly colored leaves, mak­ terpe' are well-known varieties even to­ ing them particularly attractive regardless day. Norman Reasoner has carried on of fl owers. the work of his father. T o him goes credit for im porting and creating many new Just how many years ago Hibiscus rosa­ vari eties. s1:nensis was first brought into the United States is not known, but it was probably There are many other hybridizers who before the time of the Ci viI \N ar. It is have done much to improye the quality of supposed to have originated in China and our hibiscus and to give us new varieties: fro111 there to have spread to other parts The late J ames E. Hendry of Fort Myers of the tropical world. Of this, we have produced many fine single- and do'uble­ little proof. The early varieties that were . fl owering va ri e ti e~ but perhaps his great­ imported into this country came either est single contribution was the introduc­ from Jamaica or Hawaii. tion of purple and lavender tints by crossing with altheas (H. s')wiacus). Mrs. So far as can be determined, the late Dora McGee, Miami, has made the cul­ E. N. Reasoner, one of the original ture and hybridizing of hibiscus both her R easoner brothers who fo unded the Royal hobby and her business for over thirty Palm N urseries at Oneco, Florida, was years. Bruce Parnell, Miami, has been the first to import and propagate hibiscus very successful in producing very large in the United States. As early as 1883, and strikingly colored fl owers. One of he li sted about ·fifteen varieties, but most his selections, 'Latin Rhythm,' has fl owers of these have been discarded for newer up to ten inches in diameter. The late *In 1946, Mr. Bass retired from the State Charles James, Miami, introduced many

Plant Board of Florida after thirty years as an b"'ood varieties . 'Charles James, Jr.,' his assistant nursery inspector. He has commer­ introduction about twenty years ago­ cially specialized in growing fancy hybrid hibis­ cus in Miami since then. and still a favorite-has a large, full- [207 ] Single-flowe'ring Hibiscus 'Pm£line M essengill'

Cam-Art

S e71'1i -d o~£ble H ibiscus 'Pat'

!

"

Cam-Art

Double-flowe1'ing Hibiscus 'Pr011'/, Girl'

[208] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 209 double fl ower of I ndian yellow shading wh ere it is warm all year. Attempts to into shrimp red. grow the subtropical vari eties where the temperature drops below twenty-six de­ Still others, whose names are readily grees Fahrenheit should not be made un­ recognized as vvorkers in the field of less provisions are made to place them in hybridizing, and developers of new vari ­ a hothouse during the winter months. eti es of hi biscus, incl ude: Ross II. Gast They can po sibly be grown for some dis­ of Los Angele , Atwood Teagle ot Day­ tance farther north if the plants are tona Beach, Anton Kuhn, ::\1iam i ; the late banked with soil, to a height ot fifteen to George Anderson, a pioneer from Fort eighteen inches, when cold weather ets Lauderdale; L. K. Thompson, Bar tow, in. This so il should be removed in the originator of 'Norman Reasoner' and pring and the plant cut back to live 'General A. H. Blanding' : Alex Barthle, wood. They should be gi ven a 4% nitro­ Miami ; T. C. Hudson. Daytona Bea h: gen, 7% pho phoric acid, 5 1'0 potash. or Lynn M. Dewey, Merritt Island ; and a 5-10-5, fertilizer then. Daisy Entwistle of Coconut Grove. The U. S. Department of Agriculture has dis­ The hibi cus flower is to be found in tributed many hybrids produced by the every color and hade thereof imaginable; Plant Introduction Garden at Coconut in sizes fr0111 the two- to three-inch 'Car­ Grove and the Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, nation' and 'San Toy,' to the giant 'Latin Experiment Station. Rhythm,' 'Pauline Massengill,' and 'Helen Champion': and in three types of blos­ Kenneth and :Mi ldred Palmer of Saint soms-single. emi-double and double. Petersburg, published H ibisClis Unlimited ome "outstanding" varieti es, from near­ and How to K11QW T hem, in 1954. This ly a thousand available today, might in­ is a book well worth including in the c1ude: library of anyone interested in the horti­ culture of Florida. or other subtropical Single Flowers parts of the world.. It gives much of the 'H elen Champion.' O ri ginated by Par­ history and culture of hi biscus and de­ nell. Nine-inch fl ower, heavily ruffled scribes many varieties in great detail. and tufted, nasturtium orange, small white throat. Very vigorous, upright bush, with The genus Hibisc%s belongs to the Mal­ large, round, dark green leaves. low Family. A single flower usually lasts 'Desert Sun.' Originated by McGee. only one day, but sometimes in cool Seven-inch flower, crepey, overlapping weather it will remain open for a second petals, orange red, darker throat. Large, day. To offset this apparent shortcoming, upright, fast-growing bush, medium green a plant may flower all year; at least here leaves. in Florida and in similar climes, there is 'Julia Agnes Bramble.' Originated by seldom a day when a person with a Parnell. Seven-inch flo wer, ruffled and hibiscus garden is without fl owers for tufted, completely overlapping petals, pur­ decorations in the home. The flowers do ple pink, deeply edged with Chinese yel­ not require water and, consequently, can low. Open-spreading, slow-growing bush, be arranged in many ways not possible with large, dark green leaves. with other cut flowers. 'Norman Reasoner.' Originated by The hybrid subtropical hibiscus will L. K. Thompson. Nine-inch flower, soft thrive without cold protection anywhere primrose yellow, shading to radiant white south of the twenty-ninth parallel-that center that extends and veins out into is, from about Daytona Beach south, in petals, heavily ruffled and tufted, per­ Florida, and from Galveston south, in fectly flat and oV'erlapped. Extremely Texas. They will grow all the way from vigorous and lush grower. Florida to southern California where the 'Ross Estey.' Originated by Gast. climate is mild, in Hawaii, in Central Seven-inch flow er, orange edges, shading America, and the parts of South America to glowing rose center, ruffled and tufted. 210 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 Extremely vigorous am: lush grower. heavy, fleshy, dark green, glossy foliage. Must be pinched severely to make bushy. 'Mrs. James Hendry.' Originated by Leaves, glossy, po li shed appearance. James Hendry. Six- to seven-inch flow er. heavy text~lr e, fragrant, chrome yellow, Se11'l.i-Dmlble Flowe1's shading to white throat and zone. Vig­ 'Ruth Stuart Allen.' Originated by orous, upright-growing bush, heavy-tex­ McKenzie. Seven-inch flower, bright rose tured and glossy leaves. to coral-pink tipped petals, pearl-vv hite throat, and orange stigma pods. Upright Hibiscus lovers eagerly await each new grower. variety that is produced by the hybridiz­ 'Pink Satin.' Originated by T. C. ers, and each new one appears to be more Hudson. Six- to seven-inch flower, over­ desirable than all the others. In creat­ lapping, ruffled and tufted petals of glossy ing the new hybrids, one should be very satin pink. Upright grower, free bloomer. careful to choo e desirable parent plants. 'Princess Margaret.' Originated by Each of these should be selected because McKenzie and Coffee. F lowers seven of qualities, such as growth, foliage, to eight inches, golden yellow, with faint flowering type, color, etc., that are de­ pink zone, and pearl-white throat. Up­ sired in the new plant. Careful · thought right grower, likes sun. should be given to color combinations. 'Dr. Du P uis.' Originated by James. The professional hybridizer has definite Semi-double cup and saucer type, six­ goals in view when he crosses two plants, to eight-inch fl owers, orange with red but often we amateurs make a cross just veins, brilliant large red throats, slightly to see what will result. After these two ruffled. Medium grower. plants have been selected, there should 'J ohn Paul J ones.' Originated by be a good flower on each Oft the same McGee. Eight-inch flower, petals very day. If this is not possible, the stigmal dark maroon red with purple overcast, column of ·the plant that is to supply the very showy, free bloomer. Upright pollen can be cut and stored in the re­ grower, with large, dark green leaves. frigerator for a very few days while wait­ ing for the other plant to flower. The DO~ible Flowers pollen from this flower must be dusted on 'Prom Girl.' Originated by T. C. Hud­ the stigma pads of the fl ower that has son. Six- to seven-inch fl ower, bright been selected to bear the seed pod. The rich pink, swirled, crepey and ruffled best hours to do this are between 10 a.m., petals, excellent bloomer. Sprawling, and before 1 p.m. If the cross is success­ leggy bush. ful, it will take from six to ten weeks to 'Double Burgundy.' A variety from mature after the seed pods begin to turn Hawaii, also known as 'King Kalakaua' yellow. The tvvig should be carefully and 'Monarch.' Six-inch flower, very dark marked with the names of the parent cardinal red throughout, occasional cream plants so that a record can be kept of just petaloids, free bloomer. Prostrate grow­ how each new plant is produced. The er; rather weak, small cupped leaves. seed pod should be covered with a cheese­ 'Charles James, J r.' Originated by cloth bag before the seeds mature to pre­ James. Six-inch flower, fu ll double, In­ vent them from being lost when the pod dian yellow, blending into shrimp red, bursts open. vVhen fully mature, the seed back of petals gold. Slow, upright grow­ will be dark in color and about the size er; small, pale green leaves. of okra seed. 'General A. H. Blanding.' Originated by L. K. Thompson. Five-inch flower, A larger percentage of seed will germi­ cerise red to scarlet, light red rosettes nate if they are planted within a short within bloom, guard petals yellow on re­ time after they have matured. Plant about verse, loose arrangement, feathery high­ an eighth of an inch deep, in good soil, crested center, flowers always erect on or in grated sphagnum moss, and place in heavy stiff stems above foliage. Vigorous, about half shade, so that the little plants compact grower, strongly erect, with will not burn when they come up. Seed October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 211 gerl11ination will take from ten days to If the second graft doesn't take, the stock three months, so be patient with them. As plant can still be used for landscape ma­ the seedlings grow, it is well to pinch the terial uch as hedges. tips back so as to make sturdier plants. It will take fr0111 eight months to tvvo For reall y fine varieties, I like the chip­ years for the eedlings to flower. It i bud better than any other method. V"here exciting to watch for each new seedling to the amount of graft wood is limitecJ, as is flower to see just what it will be. If the often the case with new vari eties, I can flowers are not outstanding enough to get a new plant fr0111 each eye by using compete with other similar ones already the chip-bud method. \\' hen the buds are on the market, it is well to discard them about four inches in height, it is well to and start again. To the hibiscus fan there pinch them back so that the plant wi ll is nothing to compare with the thrill that throw nice branches. By the end of the comes from producing a really outstand­ fifth month, the chip-bud have caught up ing bloom from one's own seedling. with the grafts and they make really good plants. Hybrid plants, in general, will not come true from seeds. After a really good seedling has been produced, it must be Of all the varieties of hibiscus, the propagated by vegetative means-cut­ 'Scarlet Red' and 'Painted Lady' make tings, mossing, grafting, etc. Some hibis­ the best understock for grafting or bud­ cus can be grown on their own roots and cling. They are hardy and stand a lot of may be propagated by cuttings. Cuttings abuse and are more resistant to root knot should be six or seven inches in length than others. It is weIl to graft while the and cut from small branches. A sharp root-stock is still in quart cans and, after knife or shears should always be used so the new plant is well startecJ, to trans­ as not to bruise the cuttings. They should plant them into gaIlon can. It takes nine be planted with about four eyes above the to ten months to grow a hibiscus from ground in a well-drain ed propagation box cutting to graft.ed plant twelve to eighteen filled with two parts coarse, sharp sand, inches in height. It is then ready to be one part ground baby-chick grit, and one planted in the ground. \iVhen planting, part vermiculite. If cuttings are spaced it is well to leave the graft just above the about two inches apart, mortality will be ground. Dig a large hole and fill with less. Keep damp at all times, but, at the good soil so that the roots wi ll have room same time, do not keep too wet. to spread. A good way to remove the plants from the cans is to soak welI wi,h Mossing is done by gi rdling the limb water and let stand for a few minutes. for a distance of about an inch and Then turn the can upside down and tap sprinkling this area with hormone pow­ lightly. In this way the plant wi ll come der. A ball of sphagnum moss is placed out without the ball of earth being around this cut and covered with either btoken. aluminum foil or plastic which is secured at each end with twine or rubber bands. Beginning with the new year, the fol­ VIet the moss before molding it around lowing is a good schedule for the fertiliz­ the limb. When a good ball of roots has ing and spraying of hibiscus plants. been formed, the limb can be cut off be­ About March 1st, May 1st, and July 1st, low the moss and potted. Mossing should use a good growing fertilizer such as be done in spring or summer when the 4-7 -5 or 5-10-5. If plants show scale, plants are growing. thrips or aphids, they should be sprayed with a good oi l emulsion prepared and Grafting can be done by four types of used according to the manufacturer's grafts- side, whip, wedge, or saddle. I directions. On or about April 1st, and prefer the side graft as I get a larger June 1st, use a good nutritional spray. percentage to li ve by this method, and It is welI to give hi biscus a high copper also they can be grafted a second time. spray about July 15th. About the mid- ( '" i. 'f'-;~~'~. ~ / .

I , .' ~

Wedge gmft Whip .rJmft Side graft Saddle graft 20 111b011ths later 2 ~ 11'b01'bths late?' 20 months later 20 11wnths later

,."

1

Chip bud Mature seed pod Massing Off 20 111bonths late1' Wrappi1'1Jg g1'aft Plastic bag holding 1Il 0 SS

Pencil sketches by Donald Houston of propagation techniques

[212] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 213

dIe of August, they should be given an the thrips and aphids which would other­ application of 4-8-8 as from then until wise mar the blooms. About one week winter it is well to increase the potash in before the show, a good nutritional spray the fertilizer formula. During the latter will help the blooms to improve in size part of September, use a nutritional spray and quality. that is high in copper. About the last 'of Many varieties of hibiscus are popular November, give them an application of for a time and are then discontinued for 2-8-10 fertilizer to harden them off and better ones that are similar to them. get them in condition for winter. From Some, however, will always be desired. this t1me, th.ey should not be fertilized One of these is the 'Bride,' a single white again until the next March. In spraying that is faintly tinged with pink. It is al­ and fertilizing, always use a little judg­ most impossible to keep up with the de­ ment for, if hibiscus are green and mand for this particular variety. healthy, they do not need fertilizer and, if they show no signs of disease or insects, A group of enthusiastic hibiscus grow­ they do not need a spray. ers and other personalities met in the Hotel Biltmore, Palm Beach, on Sunday, The insects which most commonly at­ May 21, 1950, following a successful tack hibiscus are snow scale, hemispheri­ hibiscus flower show, to organize the cal scale, thrips and aphids. There are Florida Hibiscus Society. At this first many good insecticides on the market for meeting, the officers and directors were controlling these. The warning, "Be sure elected and the name of the society w

J ea,n Rob'L1Q-. 1550-1629 H enr')l I,V Pa1'is , 1608) it t J 'di'l'/. d 'L~ r 0 ')1 C (FI' 011tlSPWCq. . £1'1. P 'Lcn .Libra 'e :ryVa 0 f e Congress' s Le Q1, TtV ash1mgton,• D..

[214] Jean and Vespasien Robin, "Royal Botanists," and North American Plants, 1601 .. 1635

Until very lately indeed, many garden lovers have been so excessively aware of MARJORIE F. Vi ARNER the variety and interest of these Engli sh introductions that they have ignored the large number of American plants found in Continental Europe about the same time or a little earlier. Many of them are so widely distri'buted that they could, and some of them did, come from the English settlements to the southward, but the ma­ Plants of the North American colonies, jority of them are Canadian in that they from the earliest days of the settlements, grew in and were brought from New were eagerly welcomed in the Old \i\Torld, France during the period of exploration and many beautiful and valuable species and settlement under Samuel Champlain, from South America and the West Indies from 1604 to 1629. were grown by collectors and found places in European botanical gardens alongside There is nothing si milar to Parkinson's the bulbs and other rarities from the Pamdisus (1629) as a record of garden Orient and the Levant; while less con­ flowers in France; and the French botany spicuous fl owers from temperate North of the seventeenth century is very meager, America probably came unnoticed. In consisting chiefly of a few li sts of plant England, 1629 is given as the date of in­ names, supplemented by Some illustra­ troduction of many species, fneaning that tions and stray allusions. The only well­ they were grown there prior to the pub­ known book dealing with plants intro­ lication of Parkinson's Pamdisi in sole duced from America is the Canad e-nsiu771 Paradisus te?'restris (London, 1629), but plantanf.71~, alianm~q~te nondum e dita?'u 11~ some of them had come much earlier. historia (Parisiis, 1635) of J acques-Phil­ Tradescant is said to have obtained many ippe Cornut, which describes and figures plants from "Virginia" about 1617, but many plants brought in during the Cham­ nobody has cited any documents for these plain expeditions but does not cover all introductions. English gardens were that were known, and does include some greatly enriched by Tradescant's person­ "Virginian" species, not always di stin­ al connections and his zealous search for guished as such. But although Cornut plant novelties, many of which are cred­ does not give the source of many of hi s ited to him by Parkinson, while others can plants, and certainly had some from other be provisionally identified in his Cata ­ sources, it is clear that he found his loguoS of 1634, printed in Gunther's Ea.?'ly American species in the garden of Jean British BotaNists and Their Gardens and Vespasien Robin, the "King's botan­ (Oxford, 1922, pp. 334-342), together ists," which was the precursor of the J ar­ with other seventeenth century plant lists. din des Plantes. [2151 216 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 Much has been written about the the garden. He got a great deal of ma­ Robins and the "King's garden," but terial from Spain, Italy, and the Pyrenees, many details are vague and their incon­ and in 1603 journeyed as far as the Guinea sistencies make them suspect. Jean Robin coast, whence he published a list of Ex­ (1550-1629), a Paris apothecary, had a ot'ica! qUa! dam planta! a J ohanne Robi11o private garden at the western end of the juniore ex Guinea et Hispania delata!, Ile Notre-Dame which had become famous anna 1603. The locution, "Johannes Ro­ before he was appointed as King's arbor­ binus junior," has sometimes caused this ist or botanist by Henry III, about 1586, to be attributed to his father; and the and was put in charge of the garden of two-page leaflet is often found in the J ar­ the Louvre, a post he kept under Henry din du roi tres chrestien Henry IV (Paris, IV and Louis XIII. By a decree of Oc­ 1608), a volume of plates by Pierre Val­ tober 30, 1597, he was directed to layout let, illustrating plants in the garden of a small plot for the growing of simpl<~ s, Jean Robin, whose portrait and that of the for the use of the Faculty of Medicine. artist appear as frontispieces. This is sometimes considered the begin­ Another work ,credited to Vespasien ning of the Jardin des Plantes, but was Robin is the Histoire des plantes nmweUe­ merely a personal subsidy to Jean Robin. WI,ent trouvees dans l'isle Vt'rgine et autres Shortly thereafter he issued his Catalogus lieux lesqu,elles ont eM prises et cultivees stirpiurn (Parisiis, 1601), containing rare au Ja1,din du M,'. Robin, m'boriste du Roy, plants from the Orient and Africa, with which is appended to Linocier's Histoire a few from South America and the West des plantes (Paris, 1620). "L'isle Vir­ Indies. gine" did not mean the Virgin Islands, but Virginia, and this title may account His Catalogus (1601) has little interest for the erroneous idea in later botanical here, except for two species that must works, that Virginia was an island. This have come from the Cartier voyages in booklet, however, does not contain a single 1534-1542. Thuja occidentalis or "Arbor Virginian species. It is a wretched little vitae" had long since been recognized as affair of sixteen pages of figures, poorly a Canadian tree and was found in many drawn and cut down to fit the tiny pages; European botanical gardens before 1600, it does no credit to the younger Robin, but Acta!a spicata was not so early or and I am inclined to adopt a theory that widely known. B. Daydon Jackson rec­ it was a printer's botched job, with which ognized it as the "Christophoriana" of neither of the Robins had anything to do . Gerard's Herball (London, 1597, p. 829), and Gerard said he had received it from Vespasien Robin is usually considered Jean Robin of Paris. In the latter's to have been chiefly responsible for the Catalogus (1601) it is called "Aconitum new catalog of the Paris garden in 1623. racemosum sive Christophoriana," and it Jean Robin held the title of royal botanist was later decribed by Cornut as "Aconi­ until his death in 1629, but his son must tum racemosum baccis niveis." It was have been virtual head of the garden for known to many of the North American some years, as there was greatly increased aborigines as a "snakeroot," and as such activity in the exchange and distribution would have attracted the notice of the of plants from about 1621. Bauhin, in French explorers, but it could have been his Pinax theatri botanici (1623, pp. 521- preserved in herb gardens for some years 522), acknowledges new species sent from before it got into literature. It is signifi­ the garden of the Robins in 1622, and in cant, however, that both these exotics his preface refers to Vespasien as a zeal­ were in Jean Robin's collection, which ous botanist, from whom he had received must have been pretty complete for his much and was hoping for more in future. day. Because of an error in the biographies of the Rabins in Michaud, Biographie uni­ His son, Vespasien Robin (1579-1662), verselle, ancienne et moderne (1824, 38: became a ·collector, and added largely to 260-262), it has been supposed there was October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE £17 a new catalog in 1621, hardly differing ASa1'U.?11b canadense (A. Americanum ma­ from that of 1601, but this is completely jus), Asclep1:as incarnata (Apocynum rec­ unfounded, although 162 1 was presumably tum, Asclepias syriaca (Apocynum Syri­ the date of Vespasien's appointment as ac um ), Aster c01'd 'ifoz.i~ts (A. latifolius), royal botanist, and he may have issued the Campsis mdicans (Clematis Virginiana, new catalog as an acknowledgment of that seu Jasm inum Americanum), Eupatorilbt1n honor. p/;wp 1lwe1ltm (Valeri ana peregrina flore rubro), E. ~wtica?foliu1n (Valeriana pere­ This catalog, the Enchi1,idion isagogi­ grina flore niveo), H elia·nfhus decapetalus cttm ad facil e11'1, 11otitia111b Sti1'pi~t11lb tam (Chrysanthemum Americanum cum vola­ 'i nd igenav~t111b, q1ta?n e%oticanb11lb, quce co­ toria caule, seu Vosacam) , H. tuberosus IUl/tur in h01'fo D. D. JoanNis et Vespasi­ (Chrysanthemum tuberosum), Lili~b11f/, ani Robin, botanicorum regioru11lb (Par­ canadense (Martagon, seu Lilium sylves­ isiis, 1623; alsb same, 1624) , lists some tre Americanum flore luteo punctato ; also 1700 plants, including a majority of those Martagon . . . flore phceniceo punctato, foun d in the Catalogus stirp 'i~t1n ( 1601 ), which may have been the " red" or orange with many new ones, induding exotics form of L. ca1wdense, though possibly from the New Vlorld, particularly from another species), Lobelia cardinalis (Tra­ Canada. Some of their P relinnean names chelium Americanum fl ore rubro, seu defy interpretation, but many can be iden­ Cardinalis planta), 1.110nts ntb1'a (M. tifi ed through citation by later botanists, mbra Virginiana), Oenothem biennis by traditional usage, and by special asso­ (Lysimachia Americana flore luteo), ClatIOns. Others can be nearly guessed, Prunus serotina (Cerasus Americana lati­ but there is dire uncertainty about indi­ folia), Psedera q'ui'l1q1llefolia (Hedera ma­ viduals of the parsley, aster, and other j or Americana, seu Vi tis Virginiana), fam ilies with a bewildering array of an­ Rhus radicans (Vi tis trifolia Americana), cient names. I do not know what method Rkus typhina (Rhus Virginiana), Rosa of nomenclature was used by the Robins; nitida (Rosa sempervirens Americana they may have followed L'Obel to some fl ore carneo simplici), Rudbeckia laci11i­ extent, but I suspect their naming was ata (Aconitum Americanum luteum), very casual. The North American plants S11Ibilacina TaCe1110Sa (Polygonatum Amer­ were new and, in default of any genuine icanum racemosum ), Solidago ccesia system of botanical relationships, there (Doria minor Americana), T radesco//f/,tia was a tendency to assume resemblances virg~mana (Phalangium Americanum to others that were familiar; hence the fl ore violaceo Tradescampi [sic]) , use of ancient and classical names for Uvularia grandifl ora (Polygonatum totally unrelated species from the New Amercanum perfoliatum flore luteo am­ \i\Torld, giving rise to endless confusion. plo), Z ephyranthes A tamasco (Narcissus Virginianus lili-florus flore purpura­ Adding to the number of plants defi­ scente) . nitely known, those whose identity can be There are some supporting data on rather closely guessed, and others called plants of the royal garden, the most im­ "American," I at one time reckoned that portant being contemporary illustrations. the Enchiridion had not less than fifty The flowering of new exotics was an North AmericaFl species. event, and the first blooming of the pas­ sion flower in Robin's garden in August, The following plants in the Ench;iridion 1612, was commemorated by four or five can be pretty definitely recognized: Acta?a plates known to me, possibly many others. spicata (Aconitum racemosum bacci­ Pierre Vallet, "Brodeur du Roy," drew ferum) , A111belanchier canadensis (Cham

in 1624, probably as a companion to the the heyday of the royal garden under the Enchiridion. The new figures comprise Robins; and there are probably many Liliu.1n ca11.adense, Lobelia cardina,lis, Pas­ other plates that ·eame from the same siftom inca1'nata, Tmdesca.ntia v-itrgirviana, source, some of which may be identified and an anonymous lady's slipper that is later as we learn more about the plants clearly Cyp1'iPed 'i~1111 1'egince, although I themselves. cannot be certain haw Gr whether it is given in the E17chiridion. In 1622 Kaspar Bauhin in Basel re­ ceived plants frOD.1 Vespasien Robin Even more interesting is the supple­ through Georg Sperling, and in his Pi'III.ax ment to the FlO1-'ilegiu1n novum (1612) theat1'i botanici (1623, pp. 521-522), of Johann Theodm de Bry, entitled Aug- named or briefly described several species, 11'b entat-io uberio1' Flo1'ilegii . . . An.no among which. we can recognizeTradescan­ 1614, repre,;enting flowers that bloomed tia, Psedera quinquefolia, Rhus Toxico­ or were first noted by or before that year, dendi'on, Rudbeckia laciniata, (Dor01'licum although some of the plate,; may not have Americanum) and Solidago c(Esia (Virga come out before 1616. It contains fig­ aurea mexicana). The role of the Robins ures that in my judgment may have been in distributing American plants was con­ preliminary sketches of flowers in the siderable. It is likely that a number of royal garden, among' them one of Lili·u111[. species were sent by them to Italian gar­ ca.1~ademe that is practi'cally identical with the plate published much later in Val1et's del:]s, notably those of Cardinal Farnese and Cardinal Barberini in Rome, some Jardin d~t roy Louis XIII (1624), and a spray of "Gnaphalium Americanum" time before 1623. Although the Robins (Anaphali,s 1na1'ga1'itacea) , both of which are not mentioned, plants from "Parigi" are listed in the Enchiridion. There are (Paris) were likely to have come from also some "Pirolas" that may well have their garden. come from North America, although they are not noted in other works of the period; Some plants listed in the Enchi1'idion and a fairly good figure of Cyp·ripediu11II1 (1623) are only known through Cornut's regince. Thus the latter had presumably C anadensium planta1'u111. histo1'ia (Parisiis, blossomed in the royal garden as early as 1635); hence it is often supposed they 1614; it was again figured by Cornut in entered Europe about 1635. Cornut, 1635, and is among the plants of la however, knew the Robins' garden' from Brosse's COJtalogue in 1636; so it appears his days as a medical student until it was to have had an early and continuous his­ merged into the Jardin Royal de,; Plantes tory in the royal garden. Medicinales; and he gives a few plaEts that must have been there before 1623, Daniel Rabel, another floral painter of which are not listed in the Enchi1'idion the day, got many subjects from the same unless concealed under cryptic names. He place, and some of his plates may have also gives many new plants received after been drawn as early as 1615. His Thea­ 1623, though none of thenJ could have tnmlt Florce, pmblished anonymously in come as late as 1635, as supposed by some 1622, and several times reissued, is men­ writers. His descriptions are inadequate, tioned by P(1rkinson in his Paradisus but are supplemented by illustrations that (1629) as "Master Robinus his Theatnt1n are generally poorly drawn, yet frequently Flo1'ce," as if he considered it a publica­ suggest distinctive features of the plant. tion of the royal garden. It indudes He is largely cited by Linne and other Asclepias s)l1'iaca., PassiflO1'a inca1'1'Wta later botanists, so that most of his species and Liliu1n canadense, the two last repre­ can be identified, but, as many of his plant sented in a style very different from that names are peculiar to himself and be never of Vallet, and probably rather over-orma­ gives synonYl1,1s, it is rather difficult to mented by the art of the engraver. These check his species with those of the E11Chi- three collections Glf plates all bdoL1ged to 1'idion. October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL .\

The Paris garden is specially important the garden. Among them is "Acacia as the repository of plants brought into Americana Robini" (1. c., pp. 171-173), France by the earli est exploration and later named by Linne Robinia Pseudo­ settlement of Canada, including species acacia, in honor of the Robins. The fac t with such wide geographi cal range that that Co rnut described no other tree is many of Cornut's species also belong to irrelevant. as the area of the garden was prairie Iowa, and others are fo und far too lil11ited to give space to many large south in the Appalachians. Not only doe tree ; but it is signifi can t that thi s one the specifi c name canadensis occur out of was planted there, and also that Cornut bounds, but the Robins di s,tributed so attached to it the name "Robini," as he 111any Canadian plants that others sent out gives no personal association for other by them were erroneously credited to that plants. Thi specim en ev id ently had an region, as the "Hyjucca Ca.nedana" individual interest, and was probably a (Yucca. gloriosa) of the Farnese garden, special gift to the Robi ns. and the trumpet creeper, Ca71!psis radi­ cans, which is call ed the "Indian or Cana­ Concerning it ori gin , Cornut onl y says dian jasmine" in Ferrari's De fioru7n cul­ it was from North Ameri ca, and "being tum (Romae, 1633) . These were un­ transplanted into our gardens it grew up doubtedly sent to Rome by the Robins, as also Rhus typhi17a and the Atamasco not unhappily." His remark about the lily or "Virginian daffodill" (Z e phyran­ lifelike representati on of its fl owers. seeds thes), all being among Virginian species and leaves is belied by the plate, which is listed in the Enchi7'idion, most of which so inaccurate that some have suspected had been received from England through it was based on material fr0111 another Trades-cant, whose 1634 catalog has many legumin ous tree, while others believe it Canadian plants that pretty surely came must have been purely fanciful; in fact, fr0111 the Robins in Paris. it is probably a combination of poor draw­ ing and distortion by the engraver. But There were friendly relations between Co rnut's description shows observation, the elder Robin and English botanists. and bears out his statemen t that the tree H e visited Gerard, who in his H erbal! had "grown up" in the garden. H e tells (1597) acknowledges plants received of its pealike fl owers, similar to those of fr0111 his friend "John Robin," and there Cytisus (though he thought its clusters are many allusions to "Robinus" in Par­ were not drooping but erect), followed kinson's Paradisus ( 1629). The docu­ by lenticular seeds. By the time Cornut's ments printed by Gunther in his Ea7'ly book was issued in 1635, the black locust B7,itish Botanists and Their Gardens had evidently been in the Paris garden (1922) indicate a long associati-on be­ some years, presumably having been set tween him and the elder John Tradescant. out as a Sa1) ling and come to maturity After the death of J ean Robin in 1629, there. the Paris garden seems to have received few Virginian plants; it is doubtful The age of this tree, still standing at whether they ever directly imported any, the Museum of Natural History in Paris, but they had a goodly number from Eng­ although battered by the ravages of time land, and I believe principally from Tra­ and bolstered by iron rods and cement, descant. A few such as Oenothem bienrl1's has been debated. Authors usually ig­ were so rapidly di sseminated in Europe nore Cornut's evidence that it had been that they might have reached Paris from planted some years before 1635. It was vanous sources. probably transplanted in the Jardin Royal des Plantes Medicinales in 1634 or 1635, A very few Virginian species not in the as the first catalog of that garden, issued Enchvridion in 1623 are found in Cornut's in 1636, lists the "Acatia Africana," C anadensi~t7 1f/, pla1f/,ta1'U71f/, historia (1635), which was the name by which Cornut's and were evidently later acquisitions of species was given in the contents of his 220 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE VctQber lY56 book, and in all probability that of the and established under Guy de la Brosse original label in the old Robin garden. as "Intendant" or resident director. The site was acquired, the land laid out and Some light is given by documents in prepared for planting, and by 1634 many Gunther's Early British Botanists a11d of the Robins' plants were transferred to Their Ga1'dens (1922) . John Tradescant's it. The Jardin Royal was opened to the Catalogus plantarum" which was printed public in 1635, and in the following year but apparently never published, lists the la Brosse published a Description du Jar­ "Locusta Virginiana arbor." This cata­ din royal des plantes medicinales ... C on­ log is dated 1634, but, from the evidence tenant le Catalogue des plantes q'f,ti y sont of other lists of Tradescant, was prob­ de p1'esent cultivees (Paris, 1636). This ably compiled about 1629, when Parkin­ list of 100 pages contains many new son's Pamdisus (1629) came out, and plants, but careful comparison with the Tradescant began listing the new plants Enchiridion (1623) and Cornut's work he received after its issue. The locust is (1635) shows that nearly all the North not among those annual accessions, so I American species of the old royal garden infer that he had it as early as 1629. had been preserved and were now in the However, Parkinson does not mention it new one. It would take a very compe­ in his Paradisus, as he would have been tent and erudite botanist to identify all apt to do if it had already bloomed or these plants; but la Brosse fortunately attained considerable size ; but in 1640, followed the nomenclature of the Robins in hi s Theatru111> bota1'licum, he mentions more closely than Cornut, with a few it as a great tree. Although Parkinson changes in obscure names, so that his could not have known every exotic Catalog'f,te actually clarifies some names brought into Britain, it seems likely that that are unrecognizable in the Enchi­ Tradescant's "Locusta Virginiani' had Tidion. shown no remarkable development before 1629. Vespasien Robin was made "sous­ demonstrateur de plantes" or lecturer in botany in the Jardin Royal, with a tripled I believe that Robin's tree was coeval salary and living quarters in the garden, with that of Tradescant, who probably where he pursued an apparently unevent­ sent a seedling or sapling to his lono·-time ful course until his death in 1662, at the friend, Jean Robin, before the l~tter's age of 83. It is questionable whether death in 1629. It is ironic that the Robins either of the Robins was a very good bot­ are regarded as introducers of the locust anist, but their zeal and industry in the in Europe, as they did not directly im­ collection of rarities, and their skill in the port it; but it is gratifying to have' them care and cultivation of exotics from associated with a tree that has proved to diverse soils and climates were undoubt­ be one of the most useful and adaptable edly responsible for the preservation of species, soon naturalized in parts of many of th~ North American plants intro­ France,. and now flourishino-" in many. oth- erWlse treeless regions of Europe. duced in Europe in the first part of the seventeenth century. Some of them died out in the Jardin Royal, but in the mean­ The garden of Jean and Vespasien time many had been distributed to other Robin gave place to the Jardin Royal des botanists or gardens where they survived ~lantes Medicinales, which was the orig­ to the time of Linne. mal phase of the Jardin des Plantes. It was authorized by royal decree in 1624 Walpole, New Hampshire, May 1955. Florists' Gloxinias-1817 .. 1956

PEGGIE SCHULZ

Just as fas hions in clothing change, so This plant grows from a round tuber, do "fashions" in ornamental plants. T he the leaves are velvety green and the slip­ products of today's hybridizers wi ll hardly per-type fl owers are blue-purple. Lod­ find favo r "vith future generation garden­ diges' description mentions that their ers. T here was a time, not so long ago, plant was introduced from South America when all fl orists' "gloxinias" had small and at that time (June, 1817 ) was in downward-facing fl owers. W ithi n the last "fine fl ower." century, there have been many varieties available from the hybridists-the Diors Some of the plants of this species in of the plant-fashi on world. my coll ection were grown from seed which ,.:to came from Kew Gardens. They check in J T he plants most of us know as fl orists' every detail with Loddiges' G. speciosa. "gloxinias" actuall y do not belong to the '5enus Glo,'!:inia, but to a different part of In 1825, Nees named another related the Gesnen'a Family, to the genus knowlI plant Sinnil1gia helleri. T his plant, which as S inningia. now seems to ·be out of cultivation, had slipper-type whi te and red fl owers. Be­ The gen us Gloxinia was founded by cause the fl owers and other characters of L 'H eritier in 1785 to describe a plant this plant were so similar to those of Lod­ which he named Gloxinia 11I/,ac",~ lata, . This diges' G. speciosa, it led to botanical in­ species, now known as G. pe1'en17is, is still vestigation. Since the final outcome was in cultivation, and it is li sted by a few that Loddiges' G. speciosa was really an­ specialized dealers. This true Glox inia other species of this same genus, accord­ bears li ttle resemblance to fl orists' "glox­ ing to the Codes published by the Inter­ inias." G. pere1111is grows from a scaly, nati onal Association for Plant Taxonomy, winding, underground rhizome; and it it became S. speciosa. But to gardeners has shiny leaves, gray-green above, rosy­ all over the world, it remains as the 'Blue red beneath, with the upper surface show­ Sli pper' "gloxinia." ing short, bristly hairs. I t has blue or orchid fl owers, borne on a foo t-long stalk, There are perhaps twemy or more and are much like little Canterbury bells. species of S inningia hailing for the most It is an interesting plant but not spectac­ par t from South America. Many of these ular enough to have gained real favor introduced in the early 1800's have be­ with the gardening publi c. come obscure. Today, even the most ad­ vanced collections will number but six or In 1817, Conrad Loddiges named a re­ seven species and some of their variations. lated plant G. speciosa. There is a hand­ The last ten years have witnessed such a some color plate of this plant, N umber 28, rise in "gloxinia" popularity, it might be in Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet. A nyone well to review some of the characteristics who has ever seen fl orists' "gloxinia" of the species so interested gardeners can co uld not fail to di scern the differences be on the lookout for rare ones. Who between the plant described by Loddiges knows when some of these out-of-cultiva­ and the one described by L'Heritier. tion treasures will again come to light? Loddiges' plant is now the famous 'Blue Slipper' "gloxinia," forerunner of most Flowers on the species of Sinningia are of our present day fl ori sts' "gloxinias." borne, one to a peduncle, from the leaf [221] Peggie Schulz Variation of Sinl1i1?gia spcciosa with 'white slipper amd bh£e throat

B /lell 1'ed and cream seedl'il'lg g1'OWl1 by the author

Peggie Schu lz

Peggie Schulz

"Ave1'age fi01'ist Gloxinia" va?'. Blanche de Nlent

[222 ] October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 22:5

CL'(i ls. Individual flowers are tubular and Hortorium, has mentioned, however. that five lobed, with a downward-facing corol­ there is a possibility none of us have the la and a protrudin g throat. These char­ true species in our collections. acters give rise to the term ·· sli pper-like." Novice hybridizers are apt to be very Hybrid forms have as l11any as eight sta­ pleased when they find some of the leaf mens and six to eight lobed flowers, with characteristics of S. speciosa var. 111,acro­ a corresponding number of parts to each ph)il£a or S. 1'egina cropping out 011 their calyx. seedlings. Immediately, they think they have di covered something new. The com­ There appear to be four cited vana­ mercial strain known as 'Grandiflora' has tions of S. speciosa. Of these. but one. as one of its parents S. regina, and it is var. IIwcroph'y/1a, commonly called the not at all unusual to find similarl y marked B razilian gloxinia, is found in today's hybrid forms among a large groul1 of collections. The plant (B. M. 3943) seedlings. large, si lver-vein ed, oli ve-green leaves with magenta-colored undersides. Its S. ba,rbarata (B. M. 5623) has been de­ flovvers are dangling purple bell s. It was scribed as having green leaves with red­ pictured in full color in the January, 1956, dish underside, white flowers with red issue of H 01'tiw/ture, page 20. throats.

\Vhite - fl owered var. albiftom, recl­ S. COI1Cil111a (B. NI. 5253 as Stellogaster flowered var. rllbra . and thick-steml11ed conciJ7I1a) would make a valuable additi on var. caulesce11S. appear to be out of culti­ to any collection. It is described as hav­ vation. One hybrid of S. speciosa" com­ ing red stems, leaf stalks, and veins to add monly call ed 'Pink Sli pper' "gloxinia," to the beauty of the rather small, round­ appears never to have come under the ish, ovate, green leaves. The fl owers, scrutiny of botanists fo r there is 110 record bright purple above, display yell owish of its description. This plant has green throats. leaves and pink slipper-like fl owers. S. hirs~£ta (B. M. 2690) has hairy green I have raised some exquisite hybrid leaves with purple undersides, purple forms from a cross between var m.ac1'O ­ flowers and red calyx. phylla and the 'Pink Slipper' "gloxinia." These plants from the immediate cross S. velutina (L. B. C. 1398) would be a all showed the exquisite foliage found on choice item to obtain. P urplish veins set var. macro ph'ylla but had blue or purple off. the' green leaves and li ght green flowers as large as those found on 'Pink fl owers. Slipper.' The F-l hybrids showed a heavy percentage of the same lovely foliage but S. tbbbifiom (Achi11'LeneS tub1fiora) is a flowers rangeel from white with red to tall-growing plant with green leaves and deep reel and all shades of purple. slender white fl owres. It differs greatly from other accepted species of Si17lling-ia. S. regina (E. ~I. 8182) has once again captured the collector's fancy. This spe­ A newer introduction is S. eU11w1'pha cies. closely related to var. 11WC1'ophlylla, (S. maximiliana). This species has shiny has oli ve-green, si lver-veined, red-backed dark green leaves and white slipper-like leaves and small purple flowers. Among flowers. It has become the parent of two those I have grown, S. 1'egi'l'l.a seems of named intergeneric hybrids, Gloxi11em coarser growth than var. maCrOph)illa 1'osea (H. Moore and R. Wilson) and with wider silver veining and much lighter Gloxine1'a 'Rosebells' (P. Schulz), both underleaf coloring. Its fl owers are shorter having a loose cluster of two to eight, and more slender than those of var. rose, rose and orchid, or orchid flowers 11Wc1'op hylla. Dr. Parold Moore. Bailey fr011l one common peduncle while "glox- 224 THE ,rATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZINE October 1956 inias," unless freaks, have but one flower his spectacular "gloxinia" originations. to a peduncle. These hybrids in a wide variation of color have faces to fi ve inches in width. The newest discovery is S. pusila. On the West Coast, the Antonelli Broth­ I received four seeds of this plant and ers, Santa Cruz, California, were also from these have grown one plant now working with "gloxinias" and many of nearly mature. This is a miniature among their handsome hybrids have become very the species of Si1111i'ngia, having small well known. In the South. hyb ridizer green leaves and short stems. The tiny Jack Sweet, St. Petersburg, Florida, has flowers are purple. At this time, I have no produced and registered some excellent botanical reference to this species but it hybrids. Otto Panzer, Portland, Oregon, should prove valuable to hybridizers who has given us 'Panzer's Beauty,' a florist's are working to obtain. smaller "gloxinias" standby. Here in Minneapoli s, we have for window gardens. the lovely origination, 'George Luxton,' hybridized by Richard Miller. According to L. H. Bailey, one of the earliest recorded series of hybrids (1844) The hybrids and the species of Sin11ili­ was with. S. guttata. The Fyfiana Hybrid gia have a char111, and individuality all Group came into prominence in 1850. their own, bt£t the gardening public will Here were upright flowers of pink, white, probably continue to looll to the hybrid­ and shades of purple. izers to p1'oduce still bigge1' a11,d better " g lo xinias" ! From this cross began the upward climb toward improved forms with which we are familiar. In the early 1940's, Albert (Mrs. Schulz' book GIONillias- Atld How To Gl'OW Them was published by M. Barrows and Buell of Eastford, Connecticut, presented Company in 1953. ED.)

Peggie Schulz White hybrid gloxinia-somewhat frillie1' than usual fio1'ist gloxinias Scented.. Leaved Geraniums

MARY ELLEN Ross

From the time the first geraniums were they can be kept within bounds by pinch­ introduced from South Africa into Eng­ ing and proper feeding. Planted out of land early in the 17th century, it was the doors, they should be given plenty of scented geraniums which were brought space as they quickly grow to a large size. mostly to the British Isles. Those were the geraniums described by English writ­ The scented geraniums are usually free ers, such as Andrews and Sweet. They from most diseases and pests. The green were the first geraniums loved by English fly or aphids will attack them when pres­ people and grown in their gardens. Many ent. Wash with strong yellow soap and were also the parents of most of our later water or spray with any recommended in­ hybrid forms. secticide for green fly.

The scented geranium is so called not The nomenclature of the scented gera­ because of its fragrant flower but because nium is about as mixed up and confusing of its fragrant leaves. There have been as any other large group of hybrid plants more than two hundred records made of and is a headache to anyone attempting to different varieties with scented leaves straighten it out. Since the publication bearing the scent of most any type of of Dr. Moore's studies on the scented fruit, spice, or flower that can be imag­ geraniums in Baileya and the book, Gem­ ined, such as orange, apple, nutmeg, pep­ ni'b£1l11S for H O1'JI£e and Garde11 , by Helen permint, rose, etc. K. Krauss, many a familiar name has been changed. Although this brought to Most of the scented geral11ums have light many corrections, it has also added their flowering period from February to to the confusion already existing. June. The rest of the year they are grown particularly for their scent and Scented geraniums are listed in vari­ the beauty of their foliage. During this ous ways. Some list them according to latter period they should be kept severely their scent; others according to their pinched to prevent them from growing habit of growth, and others according to ou t of bounds as most of them are fast their botanical relationship. In this ar­ growmg. ticle, the writer has tried to combine a listing of the scent along with the botani­ In the house, their culture is simple cal relationship. and easy. They like a cool temperature­ even down to a little a:bove freezing, al­ Rose-Scented G1'O%P though forty degrees temperature is ideal when season permits. Since they are fast First and most important is Pela1'goni­ growing, they need feeding more fre­ %m graveolens. This is the Old Fash­ quently than other types of geraniums. ioned Rose Geranium used so much in When foliage starts to yellow it is time cookery, pot-pourri, sachet and for mak­ to give them some fertilizer. Frequent ing perfume. Leaves are slightly tomen­ feedings with a weaker solution are bet­ tose, and deeply five lobed. It is of medi­ ter than less frequent use of a strong um height. Blooms are lavender pink, in solution. They do not require a special small dusters. A leaf of this put in apple type of soil but lend themselves to almost jelly, on the bottom of a cake pan, or in a any soil mixture provided it is friable, pat of butter adds a delicious flavor. Many drains easily and yet provides a firm root of the other varieties of this group listed hold. Do not overpot! Grown in pots, below may also be used in the same way. [225) 226 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956

John Robinson Pheasants Foot

(Courtesy Sunset Magazine) October 1956 THE NATIONAL :a;ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 227

P . graveolens (Variegated, Mint-Scent­ P. capitatu7n. Also rose scented and a ed R ose). This has more white than few noteworthy hybrids of it retain the 'Grey Lady Plymouth' with the same delightful rose scent. True capita tum is pretty cut leaf; however, it lacks the rose a sprawly plant with medium rounded, fragrance. The scent is a strong mint ruffled, soft, pubescent leaves. Small odor, not as pleasing as other rose varie­ lavender blooms similar to those of P. ties. Its attraction lies in the beauty of graveolens. foliage rather than in its scent. 'Attar of Roses.' Has same sprawling 'Camphor Rose.' Looks identical to P. habits of growth as P . capitatu111. . Leaves g1'aveoZens but scent is of camphor rather more deeply lobed, soft, hairy. Strong than rose. rose scent.

'Grey Lady Plymouth.' This is a light­ 'Round Leaf Rose.' Medium to large ly variegated green and white variety the rounded leaves, soft, hairy, slightly lobed. same as P. g1'aveolens wi th same fra­ Light green. Delightful rose fragrance. grance. ' Snowflake.' Most distinguished of the 'Lady P lymouth.' Also similar but P. capitatu111. hybrids which has same leaves are quite small and deformed look­ rounded, slightly lobed leaves as 'Round ing. It has more white, less green, than Leaf Rose.' Foliage is streaked with the 'Grey Lady Plymouth.' white. This was a chance seedling grown at Logee's North Street Greenhouses in 'Little Gem.' Recently removed from Danielson, Connecticut. the P. quercifoliu7n hybrids under which it bore the name of P. terebinthinaceu111 . Pungent-Scented Group N ow identified by Moore as a P. gmveo­ Varieties in the oak leaf group are lens. Foliage is of the P. g1'aveole11s type, more distinguished for their beauty of deeply lobed, slightly tomentose. It fl ow­ foliage and bloom than for sweetness of ers freely in lavender pi nk in short umbels scent. close to the foliage. Makes a very pretty flowering specimen. Scent is far from P. que1'cifolium (Staghorn Oak). fragrant, more pungent, which makes one Leaves medium, deeply five lobed, round­ believe it does have P. qu.ercifoliu111. blood. ed at the tip, resemhling an oak leaf. Dark green with reddish brown along 'Minor.' A small-leaved dwarf variety midriff. Flowers showy rose-pink. of P. graveolens, otherwise similar. 'Beauty Oak.' Has a pretty dark zone 'Robers Lemon Rose.' Another fin e to the leaf. It is low and sprawly, a sparse variety which is perhaps the best one to bloomer. Flowers are small, pink. Foli­ use in cooking, jelly making, etc. Leaves age is less sticky than the above varieties, are quite different from those of the type, but to the writer not as attractive and of more like a tomato plant leaf with three little merit. distinct lobes, dark green and tonaentose. Flowers are of the regular rose type. 'Fair Ellen.' Perhaps the best and showiest of this group. Foliage is sticky, 'Red-Flowered Rose.' It is question­ pungent, prettily brown-zoned of oak-leaf able whether this variety belongs to P. shape. It is a low bushy grower and lends graveolens as leaves are coarse in texture. itself well to pot planting. Blooms con­ Gray-green in color, deeply lobed but of stantly with very pretty pink flowers with a different shape than the regular P. dark blotch in center. Flowers are small graveole11s. Ends of lobes are flat instead but come in clusters which make the of round. Flowers are bright rose pi nk. plant attractive. 'Fair Helen' is thought Scent is more pungent than rose. to have been its ori ginal name. ,'B/..,

17

[228 ]

2.0 Leaf patte?'17S of the scented-leaved geramiumq,s 1. 'Variegated Prince Rupert' 16. P. sca1'bo1'oviae 2. 'Limoneu1n' 17. 'Rollisons Uniqbte' 3. 'Concol01' Lace' 18. 'Ph.easants Foot' ? 4. 'D,'. Livingston' 19. 'Capri' 5. 'Lady PlY11J1,outh' 20. 'Nlo11Sieur Ninon' 6. 'Ace1'ifolium{ 21. 'Filicifoliu11'l.' 7. P. g1'aveole17s 22. 'Sca1'let U 17iqu.e' 8. 'La1'ge Leaf Rose' 9. 'Shntbland Rose' 23. P. denticulatu1n 10. 'Lady Ma1':/ 24. 'Pi'etty Polly' , 1. 'Fai1' EUeqq,' 25. 'Little Gem' 12. P. crispu.?n 26. P. que1'cifolium 13. P. fmgmns 27. 'ClO?"i17 da.' 14. P. tomentosum 28. 'Variegatu1n' 15. 'Nhs. Kingsley' 29. P. odomtissimu?n (229] 230 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 'Giganteum' (Giant Oak). The largest­ Pine-S ce'nted Group leaved geranium of this group. They are P. denticulatum. Foliage very dark oak-leaf shaped of a plain dull green green, deeply lobed, finely dentate, feath­ color without zone, sticky and of coarse ery appearance, sticky, glutinous. Strong texture, with a strong pungent odor. It scent considered to be the fragrance of is of little merit. Its use is primarily pine needles; consequently, often called where one would like a low-growing "Pine Scented." Flowers are very small, bushlike plant. Blooms are attractive pinkish white with darker pink markings. pink, but not a free bloomer. A bushy plant.

'Pinnatifidum.' Has darker zone than 'Carlton Fern,' a new variety, is very 'Fair Ellen.' Foliage is very attractive similar to P . denticulatum but is not as and otherwise similar. Growth is tall, not bushy; taller growing with finer-cut foli­ as bushy and does not flower as freely. age. This makes a very pretty variety for outdoor planting. 'Filicifolium.' About the same as P. denticulatum. Foliage 'finer cut. Flowers 'Pretty Polly.' 'Used for foliage effect are slightly smaller, growth taller and only as it seldom blooms. Many attractive not as bushy. More difficult to grow heart-shaped, toothed, dark-zoned leaves . . than P. denticulatum. Short thick, woody, central stem branches at the top. Blooms pink. 'M. Ninon' (Apricot scented). This 'Prostratum' (Prostrate Oak). Foliage hybrid, usually grown under the name of is quite different from type in this form. P. scabrum, has recently been renamed by Medium to small, ruffled, slightly tom en­ Moore. P. scabru11l/' was found to be in­ tose, almost round in effect, with wide correct and previously belonged to a dif­ black center and margin of emerald green. ferent plant. Foliage more like P. gra­ N at sticky as of type but of same pungent veolens. Deeply lobed. Sticky. Strong scent. Can be used to good effect in hang­ scented. Flowers of medium size; a dec­ ing baskets as growth is heavy and well orative bright pink. branched. Will take up a lot of space. Flowers are a lavender pink. 'Pheasants Foot.' A P. glutinosf,£111 hybrid. Bushy. Foliage deeply cut and 'Skeltons Unique.' Another hybrid of toothed. Sticky. Small pink blooms. the same type as above. Sprawly habit of growth. Ruffled light green foliage P. ViSCOS1ssz111um (True Pheasants with a dark zone. Not sticky, slightly Foot). Foliage dentate in three parts. tomentose. Flowers of a light pink bloom Sticky. Flowers very small; pink. Grows freely but are not too showy. Lends it­ tall and slender. self well to hanging baskets. Pungent scent. Fruit-and-Le111,on-Scented Group 'Village Hill Oak.' A seedling of re­ P. crispu1% (Lemon-Scented or Finger cent origin which appeared at the nursery Bowl Geranium). Lemon scented. Very of Dorcus Brigham, Williamsburg, Mas­ small, crinkled, crispy leaves held close sachusetts. It is a fine variety. Bushy to a central main stem. Must be pinched habit of growth, sticky, pungent. Foliage or it will grow into pyramidal shape. deeply lobed and rounded. Pink blooms Flowers small; lavender. Strong lemon in dense clusters. scent. This is the variety used in finger October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 231 bowls of pot-pourri. Also may be dried P . scal'boroviae (Strawberry scented). in bunches and hung in closets to give Small, glossy, dentate foliage. Rather sweet fragrance to clothing. difficult to grow and extremely hard to root. Flowers attractive bright pink with 'Limoneum.' Sometimes considered the darker markings. Also called 'Countess of true lemon-scented geranium as it has a Scarborough.' stronger lemon scent than other varieties. Small, crinkled leaves on longer stems Peppermint-Scented Grou p than in the P. crispu11'1, type. Blooms are small crimson-rose. Very pretty. Rather P. t0111entosurn (Peppermint scented). difficult to grow as stem develops black Strong peppermint scent. Large, round­ rot easily. ed, lobed leaves, densely tomentose, vel­ vety appearance. Sprawling habit of 'Lady Mary.' Foliage slightly dentate, growth. Flowers very small, fluffy white. small, slightly lobed leaves larger than Grows well in shade. Requires more P. crispu11'/'. Very mild fruit scent. Free­ water than other varieties. Fragrance is branching, compact growth of medium so strong it can scent a room even if the height. Flowers decorative white-pink foliage is not touched. An attractive, with dark blotch in upper two petals. A large-leaved variety. fine attractive free-flowering variety. 'Pungent Peppermint.' Deeply cut 'Minus.' Tiny, crinkled leaves, stem­ foliage similar to that of P. graveolens. less, close to the main stalk. Will revert Foliage gray-green, tomentose, velvety to regular P. crispurn species, but, when appearance. Upright, tall, wiry growth. grown 111 cool conditions, it will remain Small, white, feathery blooms, same as stemless. Blooms are lavender as in P. those of P. t011l/,entosum. Musty pepper­ crispum. mint scent. A hyb rid of P. t0111entosum and P. dent'icv£laturn . • 'Prince of Orange' (Orange scented). Leaves larger and broader than P. 'J oy Lucille.' Large-leaved variety crispul11. Grows bushy, branching. Flow­ with velvety appearance similar to P. ers larger than type, attractive white with tomentosU111. Foliage deeply lobed, simi­ black blotch in the upper petals. Free lar to P. graveole11S. Scent appears to be blooming in the spring. a combination of both, musty-peppermint oaer. A P. tomentosum X P. graevole11s 'Prince Rupert' (Lemon scented). hybrid grown at Logee's Greenhouse. Small, crinkly leaves larger than P. crisp~£111. Same type of growth. Flowers Spice-Scented GI'O'U P lavender. P. odoratissi111u111 (Apple scented). 'Variegatum' (Gooseberry leaved) . This Rounded, ruffled leaves on trailing stems. is often erroneously called P. gross~£lal'i­ Low growing, compact, bushy. Small, oides. By its foliage and flowers it is fluffy, white blooms in small clusters. quite obvious it is a hybrid of P. crispurn. Strongly scented, resembling that of Foliage is small, crinkled, the same as P . apples. crispurn. Attractively mottled with yel­ low. Flowers are lavender. Mildly fruit P. fragrans (Nutmeg scented). Small, scented. Bushy, compact growth. rounded, grayish-green foliage on wiry stems. Branching, bushy, spreading 'Variegated Prince Rupert.' A green growth. Strong sweet fragrance. A va­ and white form of the above. 'French riety of this is called 'Turpentha' with Lace' appears to be identical. strong medicinal fragrance.

October 1956 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 233

'Logee.' Low growing, spreading, Martha \ 7I,T ashingtol1 type as it will come rounded, ruffled fo liage similar to P. into flower early in the winter and will fragrans. Grayish green. Strong scented. blo0111 constantly all summer and fall. Small, fluffy, white bl ooms. Originated Foliage has mild pleasant scent. by Ernest Logee. 'Old Spice' appears to 'Concolor Lace' (Filbert scented). be identical. 'Codys Fragrans,' origin ated Name 'Concolor Lace' is proposed by in California, is similar but its leaves are Helen K. Krauss for one of the forms of larger and softer. 'Fruit Salad,' intro­ X co11color that has sometimes been duced by M. H. Arndt in New Jersey, 1S called 'Schottesham Pet,' as the name similar with fruit scent. 'Shotesham Pet' (as it was originally spelled) belongs to a different plant. F~tlgidbt111, Group Ruffled, deeply cut, tomentose, medi u111- Varieties in this group of mil dly-scent­ sized leaves. Compact, bushy growth. ed geraniums are recorded as havi ng P . Free blooming. Small clusters of bright fulgidMm blood although many are quite scarlet blooms. distantly removed from this group and it is questionable as to whether they really 'Mrs. K ingsley.' Similar to 'Rolli sons belong here. P. fulgid'M111, itself is not a Unique.' Leaves are more ruffled and scented variety. It has a deeply cut, vel­ curled. Growth bushy. Flowers identical, vety, tomentose foliage. Blooms are a cerise, free bloomin g. bright scarlet from which many in this group seem to have inherited the bloom­ 'Mrs. Taylor.' Deeply cut, smooth, ing characteristics. The most disti nct green leaves shaped similar to P. gra­ representative hybrid of P. fulgidum is veolens. Growth sprawly, not free branch­ 'Scarlet Unique.' It has large leaves, ing. Hard to make bushy. Free bloom­ deeply cut, ruffled, grayish green, slightly ing, medium scarlet. Attractive, showy tomentose. Showy scarlet blooms on long flo'wers make this hybrid desirable. stems, dark blotches in upper petals. 'Rolli sons Unique.' Slightly ruffled, 'Capri.' Slightly tomentose, grayish­ lobed, slightly tomentose, coarse, light green, shallow-lobed medium leaves. green leaves. Upright, somewhat climb­ Growth compact, bushy, somewhat like ing. Does not branch too freely. Medium­ M.artha Washington type geraniums. sized showy clusters of cerise blooms. Medium-sized clusters of scarlet blooms. Free blooming.

'Shrubland Rose.' Not as deeply lobed 'California Brilliant.' Similar to 'Capri.' as type. Foliage slightly tomentose. Flow­ Foliage smooth, bright green. Bright ers are very pretty rose-red, free bloom­ scarlet blooms in small clusters. ing, attractive. (Sometimes listed as 'Shrubland Pet,' the name preferred by 'Clorinda.' Medium to large, slightly Krauss.) lobed. Its attraction is its extra large bright pink blooms which resemble the M iscella11eous G1'OUP Martha Washington or Lady Washing­ Varieti es in this class apparently seem ton type. It is longer blooming than the to belong to no special group.

P. ab1'ota11,ifoliu111, (Southern wood 'Clorinda' I P. g1'aveolens (variegated) leaved). Very small, deeply cut, grayish green, very aromatic fo liage on slender, 'Peppe1'mint' P. glaucifoliu111L I woody stems. Tall growing; non-branch­ Courtesy Sunset Magazine IJohn Robinson Photos ing. Resembles in looks and scent the hardy herb Southernwood (Artemisia abrota-mtm) , hence its popular name. 234 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956

P. blandfordiam£11ll,. Has attractive blue 'Dr. Livingston' (Skelton Rose). gray-green leaves, deeply lobed; tall, Looks very similar to P . radens, the spe­ spindly growth. Very small, insignificant cies -to which it belongs, but on close ex­ white blooms. This could be called a amination it is much deeper lobed, grows dimbing- scented geranium as it will slightly taller, does not bloom as freely ramble on in slender fashion to a great but has a lovely lemon scent which is its height. Said to be a hybrid of a cross be­ greatest attraction. tween P. graveolens and P. echinatu11I!. p. nerVOSU111, (Lime Scented). Round­ ed, slightly dentate, slightly ruffled, medi­ 'Godfrey's Pride.' A large, shrubby um light green leaves. Bushy growth. plant with light green, yellowish, three­ Flowers freely in spring, medium-sized lobed leaves. Pink flowers. lavender in showy clusters. Strong scented, resembling lime. P. g1'oss '~darioides (Cocoanut scented). 'Toren to' (Ginger Scented) . Very Often erroneously called P. parvifioru1n. similar to P. nerVOSU1n. Foliage not as Small, rounded, glossy leaves on wiry ruffled and dentate. Otherwise flowers stems hom a central rosette. Low grow­ the same. Growth identical. ing, trailing. Very minute rosy-red P. vitifoliu1n. Large, lobed, coarse blooms in small dusters. Goes to seed leaves, light green, slightly tomentose. freely. This is a hardy variety; will stand Strong, heavy growth, tall. Fine, feath­ a great deal of freezing. Seeds live over ery, white blooms in small dusters. winter in the North and grow in the Pungent scent. Called Grape Leaf Gera­ spring. Strong scented. mum.

P. radens (Crowfoot). Formerly listed as P. radula now given the name P. radens by Moore. Foliage deeply lobed John Robinson and coarse. It has a musty scent not :identified with any particular flavor. Its 1avender-pink flowers are its greatest at­ traction as they are freely produced in small clusters.

(Mrs. Ross operates Merry Gardens in Cam­ den, Maine, and specializes in all types of Geraniums, the fancy-leaved ones, the scented­ leaved ones, and just plain Geraniums. En.)

'F ariegated Prince Ruped

(Courtesy of Sunset Magazine) 236 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 cur"-but these points are of very minor impor­ Hibiscus varieties. It is an alphabetical listing of tance. \,y ell written from obviously first hand ex­ approximately sixty-six fancy named varieties regis­ perience, this timely and unique little book will tered with that Society and a second alphabetical most creditably fill an uncrowded spot on the horti­ listing of about seven hundred varieties that are cultural bookshelf. established but are not registered with the Society. H. T. S. Insofar as information was obtainable, for each listing there is the fancy name; its originator The American Gardener's Bool~ of B'U.lbs. (more often only his surname); the flower type (single, double, semi-double); flower size (small T. H. Everett. Random House, New York. up to ten inches); its texture (medium, heavy, 1954. 244 pages. Illustrated. $5.95. thin, crepey,

Practical Gardel1illg. rangement in China has been a highly developed skill for many centuries. As an integral part of Olive Mason Gunnison. American Garden Guild Chinese interior decoration, it has been a continu­ and Doubleday & Company, New York. 1955. ously developing art, firmly based on fifth century 384 pages. Illustrated. $4.50 (Library). principles of des ign for painting, yet still free of This is quite a garden book on what to do, when rigid rules and with self expression an essential to do it, and how to do it-designed especially for characteri tic. So, to those who worry lest Ameri­ the person just developing the curiosity of g row­ can flower arrangement crumble into a decadent ing plants. Yet, it is also a very pleasant refresher fad, this book could be an assurance that our ar­ for those who might have a question or two about rangers are still in their infancy. The Chinese their own set ways of gardening; for it will bring concept of flower arrangement is a much broader the more advanced gardener up to date by inform­ one than we are u ed to, and Dr. Li includes the ing him of the many new methods, materials, and culture of pot plant, dwarfed trees and dish gar­ new varieties of plants. dens, as well as the care and arrangement of cut Mrs. Gunnison assumes that the reader knows flowers. nothing about gardening. She apologizes fo r this. Ch in ese flower arrangement follows Chinese phi­ Then, she goes ahead for the next 358 pages to losophy as truly as form follows function, and its furnish the wherewithal needed for the beginner in purpose has been to create for the city dweller a undertaking almost every garden subj ect. The au­ symbolic substitute for the di stant countryside-so thoress has developed a very good ty Ie of presen­ that, "by identifying himself with the cosmos, one tation and her book should be the very fir t pur­ can find new strength and happiness." This has chased by any gardener. given floral decoration a double aspect: first, the Caroline K. Allen prepared the many line draw­ creation of an arrangement, and, secondly, its ings which are excellent and well illustrate the apprecIati on. In this appreciative function, a ten­ subjects. derly respectful affection, lies much of the deli ght of Dr. Li's book. His flowers are not just raw ma­ terials of design, but living plants with living ~Vhat )s New In Gardellillg. needs and with symbolism and poetry behind them. This is a two-level book, and you can read it P. P. Pirone. Hanover House, New York. 1956. quickly or slowly, as you please. If you need a 254 pages. Illustrated. $3.50. (Library). Chine e-inspired arrangement for next week's flow­ Drawing from his twenty-years' experience with er show, you can easily find here the necessary fruit and vegetable growers, professional arborists information on the basic principles of Chinese de­ and nurserymen, and currently plant pathologist sign and lists of the traditional plants used in for The New York Botanical Garden, Dr. Pirone Chinese interior decoration. Also, there are chap­ presents a really new kind of garden book, par­ ters on containers and accessories, and beautiful ticularly helpful to the suburban home owner whose illustrations from ancient Chinese paintings and time and energy for gardening, and horticultural prints. If you read it slowly, however, Dr. Li wil! knowledge and experiences are usually somewhat subtly but surely convince you that the aim of limited. He knows that these gardeners can do a Chinese flovver arrangement is indeed "to charm better job with less effort and greater success be­ and delight." Mary Green', cause of the introduction into tfade of tested varie­ Librarian, Pennsylvania Horticultural Society ties of new fruits and vegetables, new fl owers, shrubs, and trees, many of which he describes in brief, understandable text. The Friendly Everg?'eens. Included also are new materials and equipment L. L. Kumlien. Rinehart and Company, New for controlling diseases and pests, new methods of York and D. Hill Nursery Company, Dundee, plant propagation, new ideas on lawn management, Illinois. Reissued 1954. 237 pages. Illustrated, practical use of soil conditioners, plant food and $10. (Library) . growth regulators, many new garden gadgets, and some of the more recent developments in the field It must be a great satisfaction to an author (and of landscaping and wt

M adem Rhododendrons. from the East and West, the editors had in mind an impressive cooperative demonstration a cross­ E. H. M. Cox and P. A. Cox. Thomas Nelson section of the finest work being done t~ay. The and Sons, Limited, London. 1956. 193 pages. 26 book eXj}lains origins and shows influences. It also line drawings and 4 color j}lates. $3.08. demonstrates in words and j}ictures the close rela­ For the serious amateur gardener, this is a most tionship that exists between the flower arranger's serviceable volume in choosing the best among the art and that of the j}ainter and decorator." is the true Rhododendrons. For each of the Rhododen­ eXj}ression of Bryan Holme in the introduction. dron series and subseries, Cox, father and son, de­ With the assistance of Julia Berrall in organiz­ scribe the species outstanding for garden purj}Oses. ing the material, there are j}resented in 21 chapters Fair warning is given where botanists have given excerj}ts from previously j}ublished books of twelve species rank to plants that have only minute author-arrangers, including Ruth Gannon Jean botanical differences and by describing only the Gordon, Julia Berrall, J iro Harada, N iada 'Hayes, best ill a close alliance of species and ignoring the Amelia Hill, Seido Iwata, Wm. Pahlmann, Caro­ rest. Relative hardines,s and characteristics of im­ line Peterson, Patricia Roberts, Constance Sj}ry, portance to the gardener are emphasized. and Margaret Watson. These cover the history of The chapter on Rhododendron hybrids is an ex­ flower decoration in Europe; rose gardens; growth ceedingly valuable appraisal of what constitutes the of flower arrangement in America with much on best in various hybrid groups. It inspires assur­ principles and methods of arranging with garden ance in the fairness of the judgments expressed. and wild plants, dried plant material, and sj}eical The reputation of the senior author, however, one Ch~istmas decorations; table settings; house j}lants; of Britain's great gardeners and horticultural writ­ Chmese and Japanese influences; the art of Bonsai, ers, with the added advantage of a modicum of and flower show arrangement classes. Each chaj}­ Rhododendron exploration behind him, alone is ter is j}rofusely illustrated with the work of such enough to give confidence. The fact that he gar­ outstanding j}hotographers as Roche, Gottsho­ dens on the colder east coast of Scotland, and not Schleisner, R. Platt, Hugelmeyer, H. D. Faas, and in Cornwall or the Inner Hebrides, is also helpful. Boutrelle-Sevecke Associates, together with copies There are good chapters on cultivation and of paintings in various art galleries. In fact, there propagation, as well as recommended lists of Sj}e­ are some 140 black and white and 57 color j}lates cies and hybrids for various purposes. to delight the eye and beauty-sense of the experi­ A short chapter is given over to Azaleas as one enced and novice arranger alike. among the numerous Rhododendron series. What­ This exceptionally fine edition proves that "flow­ ever its value from a British viewpoint, from an er decoration in America has matured to a j}oint American viewpoint, the chapter is an inarticulated where hundreds of artists emerge each year with skeleton with most of the bones missing-out of stature." It is a veritable "Who's Who" in the character with the excellent company it keeps. Also world of some 46 artists with flowers. some of the statements impel slight gasps. Thus, M. C. L. the habitat of calendulaceum is Pennsylvania and Ohio; speciost£1n is sometimes listed as a form of Window Box Gardening. nudijlon£1'11; and the Eastern United States (ap­ parently all of its 1500 miles north to south) is an Henry Teuscher. The Macmillan Company, New area where winters are too severe for the general York. 1956. 180 pages. Illustrated. $3.95. run of evergreen hybrids including the Kurumes. (Library) . British horticultural writers in general should in In still another return to the Victorian era, win­ some way be induced seriously to study a large dow boxes and the culture of plants in contained scale map of the United States and of its climatic areas are finding a new usefulness in association zones. with the modern home, whether ranch style or For the American gardener interested in the apartment as the case may be. true Rhododendrons, M Ode1'1'/, Rhododend1'ons should The sub-title to this refreshingly original vol­ be on the shelf with Street's H a1'dy Rhododend1'ons ume, "An Illustrated Guide for the Outdoor Cul­ and the American Rhododendron Society's Rhodo­ ture of Plants in Boxes, Tubs, and Hanging Bas­ deHd1'ons, 1956. There would be but little over­ kets," provides a more adequate clue to the con­ lapping in data. tents which open with a clear discussion of window The manuscript of Modern Rhododendrons was box construction and proceeds from normal to drip­ a gift by the authors to the Garden Committee of proof and self watering types and through plant the National Trust for Scotland of which the raising and culture to an inclusive consideration of senior author is a Vice-Convener. plants, from annuals, bulbs, and alpines, to roses, F. P. L. chrysanthemums and artistic arrangements of to­ matoes, parsley and runner beans. The plates are The Studio Book of Flowe?'s a11d Flowe?' excellent, plant descriptions are detailed and au­ Anangements. thoritative and the "use" listings should be emi­ nently helpful. There will doubtless be some who The Studio Publications, Inc., New York, in may miss their favorite polyethylene short cuts for association with Thomas Y. Crowell Company, rooting cuttings, who may choose to take liberties New York. 1956. 224 pages. Illustrated. $10.00. with some of the suggested color combinations or (Library). be willing to risk the overwintering of a few of "In presenting in one volume the research, ideas the perennials somewhat beyond those regions and techniques of this leading group of exponents where "no more than occasional light frosts oc- [235} 238 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1956 serving as perfect keys to identification in most ideas and helpful information on drying flowers in cases, and of landscape layouts, etc. There are 80 their natural colors for use in arrangements. plates of specimen plants in color, most of which It is a most practical guide for those who are are first rate. Over 150 black and white half-tones anxious to learn ·the more advanced methods and of specimen plants and layouts complete the illus­ techniques as well as for the beginners. trations. This book will long remain a standard for the popular gardener who will always look upon the The Fruit Year Book, 1956. friendly evergreens as being Pines, Firs, Junipers, Edited by P. M. Synge and Lanning Roper. The Cryptomerias, etc., and who will never quibble Royal Horticultural Society, London. 132 pages. because the Hollies, Magnolias, Rhododendrons, Illustrated. $1.65. (Library). Mahonias, Buxus, Kalmia, and many other genera Mr. A. P. Preston's article on shaping and prun­ of evergreens were not considered friendly at all. ing systems for bush apples and H. Gavin Brown's M. E. authoritative article on bud sports are important contributions. Much is to be learned from the ac­ count by G. H. L. Dicker and A. H. M. Kirby of Libe1'ty Hyde Bailey. An Info1'111al their impressions of apple orchard practice in Biography. Canada. This book also carries a most exhaustive and well Philip Dorf. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, illustrated account of the Apple 'Blenheim Orange,' New York. 1956. 259 pages. Frontispiece of by Dr. Robb-Smith, who describes all the minor Dr. Bailey at his desk. $3.50. (Library). variants and seedlings. This is likely to form the A very good idea of the problem behind Mr. standard authority on this apple for many years. There are other articles covering a wide range Dorf is now recorded in his prefatory: of interest for both the amateur and professional "If one makes a book, one must keep within lim­ fruit grower. The illustrations are numerous and its, otherwise the publisher is offended and the well chosen. author is open to charges of lack of discrimina­ tion or the capacity to condense. Yet it is difficult to compress a genus of plants." Liberty Hyde Bailey. Sundials. How to Know, Use, and Make Them. "In the foregoing quotation Bailey was com­ R. Newton Mayall & Margaret L. Mayall. menting on the problem of compressing Rl£bus. I Charles T. Branford Company, Boston. 1951. encountered the same difficulty when with more 197 pages. Illustrated. $3.75. enthusiasm than wisdom I set out to compress, not .a genus, but a genius. A man of many careers, The Mayall's S~£ndials has been among the clas­ many interests, Liberty Hyde Bailey 'retired' in sics since its early publi cation in 1938. While it 1913 at the age of fifty-five; he had lived a full has been in its Second Printing since 1951 the and useful life. However, to complicate matters reviewer ran across it only recently and w'ished for biographers, he then proceeded to live another to advise another audience of its availability. full and useful life--thirty-six working years-un­ The authors interestingly prove that a good sun­ til overtaken not by old age but by an accident." dial will show the time of day just as accurately as The author did a most interesting paper and this many watches and, what is of equal importance, will well serve the next biographer who must add they present plans in designs that anyone can fash­ considerably to the text. From our own selfi sh ion to suit his own needs and pleasures in today's viewpoint, Dr. Bailey's early influence in establish­ landscape. They authoritatively dispel the impli­ ing the U. S. National Arboretum is not even cations that sundials involve great mathematical mentioned. His holding one of the two Fellow­ calculations and construction abilities beyond the ships in the Society is not either. The Macmillan ken of the average mortal. Company, publishers of his work for over sixty They illustrate famous landmarks of yesterday years, could easily conclude their long list of titles and a lso the simplest of kinds that one would wish with the more "scholarly" biography, but, perhaps, on the terrace of today's ranch house or on the -it would not be as readable as this. outdoor wall of same, where, from her electrically controlled and timed kitchen, Madam could see if her electronic oven and automatic dishwasher were performing on schedule. The authors do not spe­ Dr'ying Flowers for Colo1'. cifically illustrate a design for the popular split­ Sarah Whitlock & Martha Rankin. Privately level house ; however, their basic designs could published by the authors, 3 Gildersleeve Wood, easily be adapted for the upper level if the living Charlottesville, Virginia. 1956. 19 pages. Illus­ area were on the lower level and this were used trated. $1.25. (Library). during most of the sunlit hours. The usage in landscape is also carefully presented. This is an enlarged, revised (almost completely By all means invest in a copy of this excellent -rewritten), second edition of their successful (over book, build yourself a sundial, and return to enjoy 6,000 copies sold) 1954 venture. The authors in­ one of the "simple" things of life before Seth clude many improved methods over those given in Thomas and GE. -the older edition and present many other original M . E . Index To Volume 35 Illustmtions are indicated in italics

A book or two, 39, 107, 173, 235 cunninghamii, 188, 189, 192, var. candida, 184, 185, 191, A hardy eucalyptus, 129 197 193, 199 Abelia, the glossy, 34, 34 var. rosea, 197 violacea, 185, 199 Abeliophyllum distichum, 54 diphylla, 199 Berberis, 76 Abies mariesii , 52 divaricata, 185, 193, 197, 198 Berzelia, 111 Acacia, 8, 9, 89, 127 emarginata, 195, 199 Betonica officin ali s, 19 Achimenes tubiflora, 223 esculenta, 199 Big six blueberry varieties for Achras, 89 faberi, 193, 197, 198 northern states, 162 Actinidia chinensis, 93 fassoglensis, 192, 194, 195 Blasdale, Water c.: Aegopodium podograria, 79 flammifera, 199 Five species of ionoxalis from Agastache, 201, 202, 203, 205 forficata, 185, 190, 192, 195, Mexico, 80 Albizzia, 89 196 Blueberries, new varieties, 162, All-America selections 166 furfuracea, 190 163, 163, 164, 165 Allium tuberosum, 203 galpinii, 14, 185, 188, 192, 195, Books reviewed, 39, 107, 173, Aloe, 8, 9, 11 , 12, 16, 17 197, 198 235 Amer~can Camellia Society, 35 glauca, 199 Brodiaea uniflora, 48 AmerIcan Daffodil Society, 72 godefroyi, 197 Bulgarian ivy, 54 American Hibiscus Society 213 grandiceps, 199 236 ' , grandiflora, 185, 190, 191 , 199 Calamintha nuttallii, 206 American plants in the sixteenth heterophylla, 195 California live oaks, 35, 37 century, 56 hookeri, 184, 188, 189, 192. Anchusa myosotidiifolium 128 197, 200 Camellias, 37 Apricot, 93 ' hupehana, 192, 195 Caspareopsis monandra, 185 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 77 invol ucella ta, 199 Cassia, 89 Ardnaine garden, 128 ' kappleri, 185, 199 Castilla, 89 House, 128 krugii, 185, 199 Ceanothus americanus, 69, 79 Argemone, 22, 22 longiflora, 190 arboreus, 60, 68 Artemisia abrotanum, 233 macrostachys, 192. 195 'Bij ou,' 69 Asparagus plumosus, 10 malabarica, 193, 197, 200 'Blue Cushion ,' 65 Asteranthera ovata, 127 megalandra, 193, 197, 199 'Blue Cloud,' 65 Aucuba japonica var. borealis mexicana, 185. 197 coeruleus, 69 52 ' mollicella, 190, 192. 195, 196 concerning, 59 Auricula, 85 monandra, 185, 186, 187, 193, 'Coquetterie,' 69 Avocados, 89 199 cun eatus, 60 Azaleas, Chugai hybrids, 57 natalensis, 185, 189, 197 cyaneus, 60. 63 Glenn Dale hybrids, 57, 87 ob tusata, 199 denta tus, 65 Late flowering Japanese, 57 parviflora, 199 exaltatus, 63 fol iosus, 59, 60 Tr5e5~tT1~lt of freeze damage, pauletia, 190, 192, 193. 196. 197 'George Simon,' 69 petersiana, 197 'Glorie de V ersailles,' 69 gloriosus, 60, 62, 63, 64 Bamboo museum, 103, 104 phoenicea, 199 Bambusa, 89 picta, 189. 197 gri seus, 60, 61, 68 pinnata, 195 horizontalis, 60, 61, 62, 68 Barrett, H. c.: impressus, 60, 61, 65, 69 The French hybrid grapes polycarpa, 192, 193, 199 132 ' porrecta, 197 integerrimus, 59 'J ulia Phelps,' 63, 64, 64, 65 Bass, Clarence A. : punctata, 8, 197 purnur~a . 1R4 185, 186. 186, 'La Primavera,' 63 Your hibiscus and how to 'Marie Simon,' 69 grow them, 207 191, 193, 199 vaL rosea, 185 'Mark Lake,' 65 Bauhinia-the so-called orchid megacarpus, 60 trees, 183 var, violacea, 185 racemosa, 193, 195, 199 'Mills Glory,' 64 aculeata, 190, 192, 195, 196 . 'Mountain Haze,' 37, 63, 67 197 reticulata, 197 retusa, 183, 192, 199 papillosus, 59, 60 acuminata, f-183, 185, 188, 193, porrectus, 63 , 66 195, 197, October cover il­ rosea, 199 lustration rubescens, 199 prostratus, 59, 60 rufescens, 183. 193, 199 purpureus, 64 alba, 185, 199 repens, 60 64, 65 albiflora, 195 saigonensis, 183, 185, 192, 194, 195 rigidus, 60 anguina, 199 roweanus, . 59 aurita, 197 scandens, 195 'Royal Blue,' 65 tina'ta, 192, 195 'Simpson's Pink,' 185 taitensis, 189 'Sierra Blue,' 37, 63 blakeana, 188, 191, 193, 197 'Sky Blue,' 68 blancoi, 195 tatchis, 197 'Bonnie Red,' 185 tomentosa, 185, 189, 193, 197, spinosus, 65, 69 thyrsiflorus, 59, 64, 69 candicans, 185, 190, 191 198 carronii, 185, 188, 189, 192, triandra, 185, 199 velutinus, 59, 60 vineatus, 61, 65, 66 197 ungula, 195 champonii, 199 u.ngulata, 195 Chaenomeles japonica alpina, 79 corniculata, 190, 191 . vahlii, 192, 194, 195 Chamaecyparis obtusa, 174 corymbosa, 185, 192, 195 variegata, 183, 184, 185, 186, Cherries, 93 cumanensis, 192, 194, 195 187, 193, 199 Chestnut, Chinese, 87, 98 [239 ] Chico, California, plElliottia racemosa, 46, 46 Glenn Dale, Maryland, plant in- July Embothrium lanceolatum, 124 troduction garden, 97 Magnol ia fraseri, J O.J1!ta1' Y Erica cornea, 76, 128 Glossy abelia, the, 34 Primulas, April Erinus alpinus, 127 Gloxinera, 223 Cowan, Dr. and Mrs.: Erythrina, 8, 10, 89 Gloxinia, cf Sinningia Cruise to Scottish garden s Erythropsis co lorata, 172 Grape, cf Vitis 123 ' Erythroxylon coca, 57 Griselinia littoralis, 124 Creech, John L.: Eucalyptus, 89 Ground cover demonstration Three Japanese hollies, 51 amygdalina, 131 plot, 78 Creech, John L. et al.: angulosa, 131 Ground covers, 76 Federal plant introduction baueriana, 131 Gypsophila repens rosea, 77 gardel%, 86 botryoides, 131 Crocus, 128, 129 camaldulensis, 130, 131 Habranthus robustus, 49 Cruise to Scottish gardens, 123 cinerea, 131 Halsey, H. R.: Cryptostegia, 89 cocci fer a, 131 The zoysia lawn grasses, 152 Cultivar, term and cateO'ory 145 dives, 130, 131 Hamamelis mollis, 124 Cunila glabella, 206 b , exserta, 131 Hastings, W. Roy: Cupressus macrocarpa, 124 gunnii , 129, 130, 131 All-America selections, 166 Curcuma longa, 46, 47 haemastoma, 131 Hawley, W. 0.: Cyas revoluta, 48, 48 leucoxylon, 131 Dioscoreas as ornamental foli- Cyclamen, 129 macarthuri, 130, 131 age plants, 23 melanphloia, 131 Hedeoma arkansana, 206 Dacrydium franklin ii, 124 microcarpa, 130, 131 Herbs, some new and old, 18 Daffodil, the first national sym- nicholii, 130, 131 Hevea, 89, 91, 92 posium, 72 niphophila, 130, 130, 131 Hibiscus 'Carnation,' 209 varieties, 72, 73, 74, 75 numerosa, 131 'Charles James, J r.,' 207, 210 Darrow, George M.: pauciflora, 131 'Desert Sun,' 209 The big six blueberry varie­ redunca, 131 'Dr. Du Puis,' 210 ties for northern states, 162 rubida, 131 'Double Burgundy,' 210 Descanso gardens-floral won­ stuartiana, 131 'Euterpe,' 207 derland, 35 trabutii, 130, 131 fertilizing, 211 reflection pools, 35 viminalis, 130, 131 'General A. H. Blanding,' 209, Desfontainea spinosa, 124 Euphorbia, 8, 9, 10, 14, 20, 21, 210 Deutzia kalmiiflora, 54 22 'Heien Champion,' 209 Dicksonia antarctica, 17, 125 'J ohn Paul Jones,' 210 Dioscorea, aerial tubers, 26 Fagus crenata, 52 'J ulia Agnes Bramble,' 209 alata, 23 Federal plant introduction gar- 'King Kalakana,' 210 bartlettii, 29 dens, 86 'Latin Rhythm,' 207, 209 bulbifera, 23, 25, 29 Ficus, 8, 9, 89 'Mrs. James Hendry,' 210 campestris, 29 Firmiana colorata, 172 'Minerva,' 207 cuttings, 28 First national daffodil sympo­ 'Monarch,' 210 divaricata?, 23 sium, 72 'Norman Reasoner,' 209 [240] 'Painted Lady,' 211 Loomis, H. F., et al.: T reatment of freeze damage 'Pat,' 208 Federal plant introduction on azalea plants, 55 'Pauline Messengi1J,' 208, 209 gardens, 86 Pachysandra terminal is, 77, 78 'Pink Satin,' 210 Lycoris, 120, 121 Palaquim, 89 'Princess Margaret,' 210 Lygodium japonicum, 47, 47 Palms, royal, 3 'Prom Girl,' 208, 210 Peach, 95 propagation of, 210, 212 Machaeranthera, 53, 53 Pelargonium, species: 'Psyche,' 207 abrotanifol iulll, 233 rosa-sinensis, 207 Magnolia campbelli 124 blandfordianum, 234 'Ross E stey,' 209 fraseri, cover ill~ s trati o n fo r capita tum, 227, 228 'Ruth Stuart A ll en,' 210 Ja'lHta1'Y 'San Toy,' 209 Mango, 89 crispum, 228, 230, 231 'Scarlet Red,' 207, 211 Manihot, 56, 89 denticulatulll, 229, 230, 23 1 spraying, 213 Mazus rep tans, 79 echinatum, 234 syriacus, 207 Menninger, Edwin A.: fragrans, 228, 231, 233 'Venus,' 207 Millettia-jewels on a string, ful gidulll, 233 'Versicolor,' 207 45 glaucifolium ?, 232 Hinoki cypress, 174 Six sterculias, 169 g lutinosum, 230 Hippomane mancinella, 56 Menninger, Edwin A . and R. graveolens, 225, 227, 228, 230, Hodge, W. H., et al.: Bruce Ledin: 231, 233, 234 Federal plant introduction Bauhinia-the so-called g raveolens (variegated), 232 gardens, 86 orchid trees, 183 grossularioides, 23 1, 234 Holly hedges, 113 Mentha, 20, 206 nervosum , 234 Hosta recti folia, 53 i'vl enziesia lasiocalyx, 127 odoratissimUlll, 229, 23 1 Hydnophytum fo rmicarium, 49, Meyer zoysia, 2-52, 159 parviflorum, 234 50, 51 M icromeria, 19, 20 1, 206 quercifolium, 227, 229 H ymenaea courbaril , 57 NIi lla uniflora 48 radens, 234 radula, 234 Hypericum ca lycinium, 76 Mill ettia 45 caff r ~ scabrum, 230 dura, 45 ' Iberis sempervirens, 77 scarboroviae, 229, 231 megasperma, 46, 46 terebinthinacewn, 227 Ilex, 51 , 52, 55, 112 ovalifolia, 45, 45 In praise of Stella Alba, 120 tOlllentosum, 228, 23 1 pedula, 46 viscosissimum, 151', 230 Inverewe gardens, 127 reti cul ata, 46 Ionoxali s lasiandra, 82, 82. 83, vitifoli um, 234 83, 84 Mimusops, 9, 89 Pelargonium, named varieties : latifo lia, 84 Molucell a laevis 21 22 'Attar of Roses,' 227 martiana, 82 Morrison, B. Y: : ' 'Acerifoliulll,' 228 vespertillionis, 84 Further notes on lycoris 120 'Beauty Oak,' 227 tetraphylla, 80, 8 1, 82, 83 Late- fl owering Japanese' aza­ 'Califo rnia Brilliant,' 233 Iris, 48, 53, 77, 128 leas, 57 'Camphor Rose,' 227 Narcissus notes from the Gu lf 'Capri,' 228, 233 J ean and Vespasien Robin, Coast, 114 'Carlton Fern,' 230 "Royal Botanists," and North N o~ es from the Pass Ch ris­ 'Clorinda,' 229, 232, 233 tI an, Mississippi o-a rden 'Codys F ragrans,' 233 American plants, 1601- 46 ' D , 1635, 215 'Concolor Lace,' 228, 233 ] oley, Lloyd E ., et al. : M ucuna bennettii, f-1 'CO U~j~ SS of Scarborough,' Federal plant introduction Mulch, corncob, 181 gardens, 86 Myosotidium nob il e, 124 'Dr. Livingston,' 228, 234 ] ourney West, 1 My r~'ne co dia and hydnophytum 'Fair Ellen,' 227, 228, 230 111 flower, 49, 50 51 'F a ir H elen,' 227 Krause, Erik Hans: Myrsine africana, 124 'Fili cifolium,' 230 Auricula, cover illustration Myrtus luma, 124 'French Lace,' 231 for Apl'il, 85 'Fruit Salad,' 233 Magnolia fraseri, pen atld ink Narcissus notes from the Gulf 'Giganteulll,' 230 drawing of, cover i1'1us­ Coast, 114 'Godfreys Pride,' 234 tration for J Clffl,ttOll'Y Narcissus painting, f-59 'Grey Lady Plymouth,' 227 The glossy abelia, 34, 34 Nectarine, 95 'Joy Lucille,' 231 Nelumbium speciosum, 5 'Lady Mary,' 228, 231 Lancaster, S. Percy: New Guinea creeper, f-1 'Lady PlYlllouth,' 227, 228 New strains of cosmos, 149 New strains of cosmos 149 'Large Leaf Rose,' 228 Landolphia, 89 Notes from the Pass Christian 'Lim oneum,' 228. 231 Late-flowering] apanese azaleas Mississippi, garden, 46 ' 'Little Gem,' 227, 229 57 ' Notospartium carmichaeliae 124 'Logee,' 233 Lavandula, 115, 115 Novelties from \il/ayside gar­ 'M. N inon,' 228, 230 Lawrence, G, H. M.: dens, 54 'Minor,' 227 The term and category of 'Minus,' 231 cultivar, 145 'Mrs. K ingsley,' 228, 233 Oaks. California live, 35, 37 Ledin, R. Bruce and Edwin A. 'Mrs. Taylor,' 233 Menninger: - Old Verdugo, 36 'Old Spice,' 233 Bauhinia-the so-call ed Olearia macrodonta, 124 'Peppermint?.' 232 Oredoxa regia, 3 orchid trees. 183 'Pheasants Foot,' 226, 2291', Ledum palustre, 53 Osmanthus delavayi, 124 230 Light and your house plants, 32 Oxali s, 80, 82, 84 'Pinnatifidulll,' 230 Lilium, 127, 217, 218 'Pretty Polly,' 229, 230 Lobelia, 127, 217, 218 Pace, Benjamin H. and Fred 'Prince of Orange,' 231 Lonchocarpus, 89 G. Galle: 'Prince Rupert,' 231 [241 ] 'Prostra tum,' 230 Sansevieria, 9, 10, 14 Theobroma cacoa, 56 'Pungent Peppermint,' 231 Sassafras officinale, 57 Three Japanese hollies, 51 'Red-Flowered Rose,' 227 Satureia glabella, 19, 201 , 205 Threlkeld, J ohn L.: 'Robers Lemon Rose,' 227 Savannah, Georgia, plant intro- Descanso gardens-floral 'Rollisons Unique,' 228, 233 duction garden, 102 wonderland, 35 'Round Leaf Rose,' 227 Sax, Karl: Thuj a, 52, 216 'Scarlet Unique,' 228, 233 What's new in plant propaga­ Thymus, 19, 19, 21 'Schottesham Pet,' 233 tion ?, 116 Tiarella cordifolia, 77 'Shotesham Pet,' 233 Scented-leaved geraniums, 225 Treatment of freeze damage on 'Shrubland Pet,' 233 Schmidt, Marjorie G.: azalea plants, 55, 111, 111 'Shrubland Rose,' 228, 233 Concerning ceanothus, 59 Tricuspidaria lanceolata, 124 'Skeltons Unique,' 230 Schulz, Peggie: Tumeric, 46 'Snowflake,' 227 Florists' gloxinias-1817- T wo spectacular roses wi n all­ 'Torento,' 234 1956, 221 America rose selections Turpentha,' 231 Light and your house plants, awards, 1957, 118 'Variegated Prince Rupert,' 32 228, 231, 234 Schuurman . .Tan A.: Ulex,76 'Variegatum,' 229, 231 Journey West, 1 'Village Hill Oak,' 230 Senecio, 10, 128 Veronica, 54, 76 Pfitzeriana, 76 Silybium marianum, 19 Viburnum grandiflorum, 128 Pfi.tzer's new dwarf cannas 54 Sinningia barbarata, 223 Vitis 'Bertille-Seyve 2667' 142 Phalaenopsis denevei, 4 ' 'Blanche de Meru,' 222 143 ' , Phalaris arundinacea picta 77 concinna, 223 79 ' , 'Bertille-Seyve 5563 ' l42 143 eumorpha, 223 'Couderc 71-20,' l42. 143' Phoenix, 89 'George Luxton,' 224 'J oannes-Seyve 23-416,' 140 Phyllostachys bambusoides, 102, guttata, 224 141 ' 103, 104 helleri, 221 'Joan nes-Seyve 26-205: 140, P inus, 52, 124 hirsuta, 223 141 Pistacia, 96 hyb rids, 224 labrusca, 133, 134 Plum, 95 maximiliana, 223 lincecumii, 134 Potentilla tridentata, 77 'Panzer's Beauty,' 224 rupes tris, 134 Protea lepidocarpodendron, 13 'Pink Slipper,' 223 'Seibel 1000,' 144 Prunus, 117, 124, 217 pusila, 224 'Siebel 5279,' 144 Pterospermum heyneanum, 10 regina, 223 'Siebel 8357,' 144 Puya berteroniana, 128 seedlings, 222 'Siebel 8745,' 140,141 P ycnanthemum flexuosum, 201, speciosa, 221, 223 'Seibel 9110,' 142,143 204, 205 var. albiflora, 223 'Siebel 11803,' 144 Pyrus calleryana, 97 vaL caulescens, 223 'Seibel 13053,' 144 var. macrophylla, 223 'Seibel 14664,' 140,141 Quarantine, plant, 99 var. rubra, 223 'Seyve-Villard 5-267,' 138. 139 Quercus acutissima, 98 variations of, 222 'Seyve-Villard 12-309,' 138, tubiflora, 223 139 velutina, 223 'Sayve-Villard 12-375,' 138, Recent advances in horticulture, Six sterculias, 169 139 30 Solidago, 201, 217, 218 'Seyve-Villard 23-18,' 144 Recent research res ults, 181 Some new and old herbs new to 'Seyve-Villard 23-657,' 138, Rhododendron, 52, 53, 57, 123, me, 18 139 124, 126, 127 Staavia dodii, l4 vi ni fera, 133, 134 Rhus, 76, 217, 219 Warner, Marjorie F .: Ribes, 61, 128 Stachys officinalis, 19 Staphylea holocarpa rosea, 128 J ean and Vespasien Robin, Robi n, Jean, 2l4, 215 "Royal Botanists," and Vespasien, 215 Stenogaster concinna, 223 Sterculia apetala, 169, 170 North American plants, Robinia, 79, 219 1601-1635, 214 Rodgersia pinnata superba, 128 branching, 169 colorata, 170, 172 Watson, Donald P.: Rosa, 'Chrysler Imperial,' 37 Recent research results. 181 comosa, 172 damasceana, 38 W eiss. Freeman A. and Freder­ 'Descanso Pillar,' 37 foetida, 170, 171, 172 ick W . Coe: gallica officinal is, 38 halmahei rae, 172 Recent advances in horticul­ 'Golden Shower,' 119, 119 minahassae, 172 ture, 30 moschata, 49 spec~es CD.F. 235), 170, 171 What's new in plant propaga­ 'Queen Elizabeth,' 37 specIes CP.I. 73070), 170, 171 tion, 116 virginiana, 77 tragacantha, 170, 171 Wisteria megasperma, 46 'White Bouquet,' 118, 118 Strelitzia, 9, 11, 12, 13, 89 Wyman, Donald : wichuraiana, 77 Symmes, Mabel: Ground covers, 76 Rose, garden, history of, 38 In praise of Stella Alba, 120 co rncob mulch for, 181 Ross, Mary Ellen: Your hibiscus and how to grow Ta>bebuia, 89 them, 207 Scented-leaved geraniums, 225 Term and category of cultivar, Rowntree, Lester: the, 145 Machaeranthera, 53 Terminalia, 89 Zantedeschia aethiopica, 12, 12 Rubus laciniatus, 79 Teuscher, H.: Zephyranthes, 48, 49, 217 Myrmecodia and hydnophy­ Zizyphus jujuba, 93 Salvia, 21, 201 tum, in flower, 49 Zoysia lawn grasses, 152 [242]

A List of Organizations Affiliated With The American Horticultural Society American Association of Nurserymen American Begonia Society American Begonia Society, San Francisco Branch American Begonia Society, Santa Barbara Branch American Camellia Society American Gesneria Society American Gloxinia Society American Iris Society American Peony Society American Rhododendron Society American Rhododendron Society, Middle Atlantic Chapter American Rose Society Bel-Air Garden Club, Inc. (California) Bethesda Community Garden Club (Maryland) Birmingham Horticultural Society California Horticultural Society Central Florida Horticultural Society, (Orlando) Chester Horticultural Society (Virginia) Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club Garden Center of Greater Cleveland Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati Garden Club of Alexandria (Virginia) Garden Club of Bellport, New York Garden Club of Chevy Chase, Maryland Garden Club of Danville (Virginia) Garden Club of Fairfax (Virginia) Garden Club of Indiana Garden Club of Virginia Garden Library of Michigan Georgetown Garden Club (D. C.) Green Thumb Garden Club (Virginia) Hemerocallis Society Herb Society of America Holly Society of America Houston Horticultural Society Hunting Creek (Alexandria, Virginia) Garden Club International Geranium Society Iowa State Horticultural Society La Salle Horticultural Society (Montreal) Manitowoc Men's Garden Club (Wisconsin) Men's Garden Clubs of America Men's Garden Club of Montgomery (Maryland) County Men's Horticultural Society (Tennessee) Michigan Horticultural Society Midwest Horticultural Society Moline (Illinois) Horticultural Society, Inc. National Capital Dahlia Society National Capital Garden Club League National Council of State Garden Clubs Neighborhood Garden Club (Virginia) New Orleans Garden Society, Inc. North American Lily Society Northern Nut Growers' Association, Inc. Ohio Association of Garden Clubs Perennial Garden Club (D. C.) Pittsburgh Garden Center Plainfield Garden Club (New Jersey) Potomac Rose Society (D. C.) San Francisco Garden Club Southern California Camellia Society Seven Seas Garden Club (Maryland) Takoma Horticultural Club (Maryland-D. C.) Talbot County Garden Club (Maryland) Washington (D. C.) Garden Club Worcester County Horticultural Society