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Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AN IMPROVED COMPUTER NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL USING FREE BSD PFSENSE A CASE STUDY OF UMaT LOCAL AREA NETWORK A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY AKPAH SYLVESTER (BSc. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) AUGUST 2015 i TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION ....................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xiv ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xv CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives of the Thesis ................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Methodology .................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Scope of the Thesis ......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Thesis Organization ........................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 5 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................................................... 5 2.1 Local Area Network (LAN) .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) .......................................... 6 ii 2.3 The IEEE 802.3 Standards for LAN ............................................................................ 7 2.3.1 10Base-T ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 100Base-T ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Gigabit Ethernet ........................................................................................................... 9 2.3.4 How the Ethernet Works .......................................................................................... 10 2.3.5 IEEE 802.3 Standard Relationship to the OSI Model .......................................... 12 2.3.6 IEEE 802.3 Physical Media of Ethernet Network................................................. 13 2.3.7 Data Transmission ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of the IEEE 802.3 Standard .............................. 17 2.3.9 Attacks on LANs ....................................................................................................... 19 2.3.10 Types of Attacks on LANs ..................................................................................... 19 2.4 Network Security .......................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Network Access Control (NAC) ............................................................................. 23 2.4.2 Components of NAC Architecture .......................................................................... 26 2.5 Access Control Models ................................................................................................ 30 2.5.1 Mandatory Access Control (MAC) ......................................................................... 30 2.5.2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) ..................................................................... 31 2.5.3 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) ...................................................................... 31 2.6 Functions of Network Access Control ....................................................................... 32 2.7 Access Control with IEEE 802.1X ............................................................................. 36 iii 2.7.1 Categorization of the 802.1X Authentication Process .......................................... 38 2.7.2 Attacks in 802.1x Protocol ....................................................................................... 39 2.7.3 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) ............................................................ 40 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................. 49 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 49 3.1 Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 UMaT Network Infrastructure .................................................................................... 50 3.3 Tools Used for Performing Analysis on the UMaT LAN ....................................... 55 3.4 Machine Setup to be the Main Firewall ..................................................................... 55 3.4.1 Hard Specifications ................................................................................................... 56 3.4.2 Software Requirement: ............................................................................................. 56 3.4.3 pfSense Software ....................................................................................................... 57 3.4.4 Steps involved in pfSense installation and Configuration ................................... 58 3.5 Squid Proxy Server ....................................................................................................... 64 3.5.1 Steps Involved in Squid Proxy Server Installation ............................................... 65 3.6 SquidGuard .................................................................................................................... 70 3.6.1 Steps involved in squidGuard Installation ............................................................. 71 3.7 Squid Analysis Resource Generator (SARG) ........................................................... 74 3.7.1 Steps Involved in SARG Installation ...................................................................... 75 3.8 Active Directory ............................................................................................................ 77 iv 3.8.1 Stakeholders of the UMaT Internet Community ................................................... 77 3.8.2 Steps Involved in Creating Organizational Units .................................................. 78 3.8.3 Steps in Creating Staff User Credentials ................................................................ 80 3.8.4 Steps in Creating Student User Credentials ........................................................... 82 CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................... 85 TESTING THE SYSTEM AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .......................... 85 4.1 Testing the Existing UMaT LAN ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1.2 Results of the Existing System ................................................................................ 85 4.2 Testing the Enhanced UMaT LAN ............................................................................. 86 4.2.1 Results and Discussion of Squid Proxy Server ..................................................... 86 4.2.2 Results and Discussion of SquidGuard................................................................... 91 4.2.3 Results and Discussion of Squid Analysis Report Generator (SARG) .............. 94 4.3 Proposed Solution for UMaT LAN ............................................................................ 96 CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................... 101 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 101 5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 101 5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 102 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 104 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................. 109 v DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the MSc and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another
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