31 May 1988 Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(1): 1-49 (1988) ISSN 0814-1827 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1988.49.01 FRESHWATER CRAYFISH OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS CLARK (DECAPODA: PARASTACIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND
By Gary J. Morgan
Museum of Victoria, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
Present address: Department of Crustacea, Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000
Abstract
Morgan, G.J., 1988. Freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastaci- dae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49: 1-49. Twelve species of Euastacus from Queensland, including three new species, E. balanensis, E. eungella and E. jagara, are described or redescribed, employing external characters, meas-
urement ratios and gastric mill characters. The genus Euastacoides Riek is synonymised with
Euastacus. A key to the Queensland species of Euastacus is included.
Contents The eastern area of Queensland was sampled ex- tensively for this study in 1981, with particular em- Introduction 1 phasis upon high country of the Great Dividing Key to Queensland species of Euastacus 2 Range. Distributions of species are illustrated in E. balanensis 1 Figures 1 and 2. E. eungella 8 E. fleckeri 11 E. hystricosus 15 Euastacus balanensis sp. nov. E. robertsi 19 Figures 3, 4 E. sulcatus 22 E. suttoni 27 Material examined. Holotype. Qld, tributary of Davies Ck, Lamb Range, Atherton Tableland, (17°03'S, E. valentulus 31 145°37'E), 2 Jul 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, E. setosus 35 QM W10984, a, OCL 33.0 mm. E. urospinosus 39 Paratypes. Qld. Type locality, QM W10985, 19; E. maidae 42 Tributary of Kauri Ck, north of Tinaroo Falls Dam, 44 E. jagara Atherton Tableland, (17°06'S, 145°35'E), 1 Jul 1981, G.J. General Remarks 46 Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W10987, 2ct; Maguba Acknowledgements 49 Ck, Mt Bartle Frere, Bellenden Ker Range (17°26'S, References 49 145°50'E), 18 Jul 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W10986, lo\ 19. Diagnosis. Male cuticle partition present. Rostral Introduction marginal spines apical or distributed to midlength The species of the Australian freshwater cray- of carinae. Rostral base very divergent, carinae fish genus Euastacus occurring in Victoria have spread. Antennal squame widest at or slightly prox- been reviewed by Morgan (1986) in the first of a imal to midlength. Squamal spines absent. Subor- series of papers. This second contribution examines bital spine usually medium-sized. Thoracic spines species found exclusively in Queensland or with weakly developed. General tubercles small, moder- 3-8 type localities in that state. ately to densely distributed. medium-sized or The methods and abbreviations employed in this small Li spines on abdominal somite 2. D abdomi- study are those described by Morgan (1986). Ad- nal spines and abdominal boss absent. Tailfan ditionally, the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, is spines absent. Lateral propodal spines usually in abbreviated as QM. Scales in figures 3-25 are in 2 to 1 row condition, ventral row poorly developed mm. (occasionally absent). 0-2 dorsal apical propodal G. J. MOKCiAN
Key to Queensland speeies of Euastacus (specimens >20 mm (XI.)
least 1. Carpus of cheliped with deep longitudinal groove in dorsal surface; at
I, usually several, mesal dactylar spines 2 Carpus of cheliped with very shallow longitudinal groove in dorsal surface; mesal dactylar spines absent II
2(1). Thoracic and telsonic spines medium-sized to large, or it thoracic oi telsonic
spines small or absent: lateral propodal spines in 2 to 1 row condition, ros-
tral carinae of medium length to long, suborbital spine large to very lai
usually 2 mesal carpal spmes, or i! 3: usually large thoracic or I) I abdomi-
nal spines. [Species can grow very large, with large and sharp Li and I) I
abdominal spines) 3
Thoracic spines absent or just discernible (raieK fevi small dorsal spines behind cervical groove) and above character combination not applicable; 3 or more mesal carpal spines. [Small species with poor abdominal spina- tion] 6
3(2). Mesal dactylar basal spines absent E.valentullli
1 or more dorsal mesal dactylai basal spmes and sometimes marginal mesal basal spines 4
4(3). Dorsal thoracic spines absent (sometimes just discernible); telsonic spines small or absent; usually 2-10 dorsal apical propodal spines; TAPs5
/ sulcatu i
Dorsal thoracic spmes medium-sized oi large; telsonic spines usual I \ medium-
sized or large (sometimes small); usually or I dorsal apical propodal spine.
if .-• Or more than I: telsonic spines large; I \" 5 5
5(4). Telsonic spines small oi medium-sized; I) abdominal spine present and usually sharp on somites 2-4; red spmes on abdomen and thorax; (rarely 1) lateral spine on outer ramus ol uropod E.SUttOni Telsonic spines usually large; I) abdominal spine absent on somites 2-4 (dorsal boss present) or rarelj verj blunl 1) spine; overall colour dark green, in- spines; cluding 3-6 lateral spmes on OUtei ramus Ol uropod |l suall) 2 dis- tinct spines pel side on epistome] I_. hystrtCOSUS
6(2). Row of spines above propodal and dactylar culling edges reaching prox- imal to midlength ol chela gapeoi to full gape; ventrolateral propodal spine row well developed / . eungella Spines above propodal and dactylai Cutting edges absent Of noi distributed proximal to midlength of chela gape; ventrolateral propodal spine row ab- sent or poorly developed (usually Fewei than 4 spmes it present) .... 7
7(6). Li abdominal spines small or medium-sized on somite 2, or if merely bumps: keel parallel Pr3 and 1 apical mesal dactylai spine N Li abdominal spines reduced to low bumps and above combination oi charac- ters not applicable in
Dorsal 8(7). apical propodal spmes absent, antenna! squame widest verv prox- imal to midlength; keel Pr3 parallel /_. urosptrtOSUS 1-2 dorsal apical propodal spines, or it absent: antenna] squame widest at midlength or only slightl) proximal to midlength; keel Pr3 not parallel 9 Rostral 9(8). spines distributed along full length of carinae; keel Prl close subor- bital spine small E.maidae Rostral spines apical or distributed to midlength of carinae (rarelv slightly proximal to midlength); keel Prl apart or verj apart; suborbital spine medium-sized or medium-large g balanensis CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND
10(7). Suborbital spine medium-large to very large; 2 apical mesal dactylar spines; antennal squame widest very proximal to midlength E.setosus
— Suborbital spine small or very small; 1 apical mesal dactylar spine; anten- nal squame widest slightly proximal to midlength E.jagara
1 1(1). Ventrolateral propodal spine row poorly developed and central; usually 4-5 mesal propodal spines; keel Pr 3 and 4 usually narrow; TAP count 8.0-9.5. [Rostrum U-shaped on large specimens] E. flecked — Ventrolateral propodal spine row reaching to apex; 6-9 mesal propodal spines; keel Pr3 and 4 broad or very broad; TAP count 4.5-5.0 (Rostrum usually triangular) E. robertsi
spines. Spines absent above propodal cutting edge. mite 2, other lacking spines; subsequent somites lacking
spines. 1 or 2 tiny, blunt Lii spines sometimes on somites 5 mesal propodal spines. 1 apical spine above dac- 3-5 of large crayfish. Somite 6 sometimes with 1-3 tiny tylar cutting edge. Dorsal and marginal mesal dac- Lii spines. D-L and D spines and dorsal boss absent. tylar basal spines absent. 1 apical mesal dactylar AbdW/OCL a 0.45-0.51, 9 0.52-0.54. OCL/L0.41- spine. Carpal dorsolongitudinal groove deep. 3-4 0.43 i. spines. Largest ventromesal carpal mesal carpal Toil/an: Tailfan spines absent though setal bumps ob- spine usually subequal in size to ventral spine. Keel vious on margins of telson and uropods. Standard spines Prl sloped to semi-abrupt and apart or very apart. small, medium-sized on one specimen <30 OCL. TAP count 3.5. TeL/OCL o- 0.31-0.37 d, 9 0.34-0.35. Description Maximum OCL: 33.0 mm. Chelae: Chelae elongate on specimens >30 OCL, in- Rostrum: Short, not or just reaching base of antennal termediate in shape on smaller crayfish. Lateral propo- segment 3 on specimens >30 OCL, to or slightly distal dal edge often concave. Teeth moderately to well to base of segment on specimens 20-30 OCL. Rostral sides developed on specimens >30 OCL. parallel, rarely slightly convergent; base very divergent Propodus: Lateral propodal spines usually in 2 to 1 row and spread. Rostral marginal spines numbering 2-3 per condition, ventral row poorly developed, often merely 2-3 side, and either apical or reaching midlength of carinac; midlateral spines; one large specimen lacking ventral row. spines medium-sized to small or moderately pointed or Lateral spines small to medium-sized and rather sharp. rounded. Acumen spine similar to marginals. Lateral spine ridge absent. 5 mesal propodal spines (one chelae). 0-2 dor- OCL/CL 0.85-0.88 i. RW/OCL 0.14-0.17 d. specimen with 6 on apparently regenerate Cephalon: Spination moderate or weak with several sal apical propodal spines. No spines above cutting edge small spines below postorbital ridges. 1st post orbital spine of propodus (one specimen with 2 small apical spines on small, 2nd postorbital spine absent. Suborbital spine regenerate chelae). Dorsal spines lateral to dactylar base usually medium-sized, large on some specimens >30 usually absent (one specimen with small spine on its OCL. Lateral margin of squame straight or slightly con- smaller chela); very slight lateral bumps present. Ventrally, prox- cave; squame widest at or slightly proximal to midlength; 1-2 small spines lateral to dactylar base. No spines marginal spines absent. Interantennal spine elongate with imal to dactylar articulation. 0-2 small precarpal spines. margins smooth to serrated, and slightly toothed on one PropL/OCL 0.87-0.98 i. PropW/PropL 0.43-0.47. specimen; ventromedial surface sometimes bearing small PropD/PropL 0.27-0.31. spine. Antennal basipodite spine small or absent; coxopo- Daclylus: 1 spine above cutting edge of dactylus (one with dite spine small or absent, sometimes weakly bifid or specimen <30 OCL lacking spine; one specimen 3 serrated. spines on regenerate chelae); spine apical and large to absent. Basal mesal ScL'OCL 0.14-0.17 d. small. Extra dorsal dactylar spines
1 spine. Dac- Thorax: Dorsal thoracic spines very weakly developed; dactylar spines absent. apical mesal dactylar specimens > 30 OCL usually with 1-2 small, blunt spines tylar groove deep. behind cervical spines. General tubercles small, moder- DactL/PropL 0.57-0.59. groove deep. 3-4 mesal car- ately to densely distributed. Cervical spines numbering Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal offset ventrally to others. 3-6, medium-sized to small (usually similarly sized) and pal spines; distalmost largest and medium-sized to tiny lateral moderately pointed to blunt. Usually 2 (occasionally 1) small or absent. Dorsal carpal ArL/OCL 0.38-0.40. CaW/OCL 0.53-0.56. ArW/OCL spines. Articulation spine Ventral spine medium/large or medium- 0.16-0.20 d. CaD/OCL 0.43-0.47 d. spines absent. speci- sized; 3-5 ventromesal spines, largest usually subequal in Abdomen: Somite 1 lacking spines. Somite 2 of mens >30 OCL with 3-8 Li spines per side, frequently size to ventral spine. usually tiny, rather blunt Merus: 5-10 small dorsal meral spines. Outer spine 1 or 2 obviously larger than other spines. Anterior Li spines small to medium-sized and small. Prl: Posterior margin sloped to semi-abrupt; ven- moderate to sharp. Tiny Li spine on somites 3-5. Of two Keel: angled back (angled down on one speci- specimens <30 OCL, one with 3 small Li spines on so- tral edge usually G. J. MORGAN
Figure 1. Distribution of E^taew spedes in Queensland- 1, £ eungella-,2 I hystricosus- 3 E vA-at**- a r suttom; 5, E. valentulus; 6, £. setosus; 7, £ urospinasus; 8, £. mMae^lS^ CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND
E. fleckeri; E. robertsi. species in Queensland- 1, E. balanensis; 2, 3, Figigure 2. Distribution of Euastacus G. J. MORGAN
B
in
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Figure 3. Euastacus balanensis. A, dorsal view (holotype cr, Davies Ck, QM W10984); B rostrum- broader more spinose(paratype a, Kauri Ck, QM 10987); C, ventral W view cephalon (holotvpe cr); D, interantennal spine'(para- type cr, Kauri Ck); E, zygocardiac ossicle (paratype 9 , Maguba Ck, QM W10986); F. sternal keel (holotvpe cr) CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND
apical dorsal propo- chela (holotype or); B, chela: more elongate, 2 Fisure 4 Euastacus balanensis. A, dorsal view W10985); C, chela: stouter, 3 mesal carpal , Davies Ck, QM mSLfS SS spine small (paratype 9 spines (paratype a, Maguba Ck, QM W10986).
.0-1 spread closed in Gastric mill: TAP count 3.5; TAA count 1 .5; men); processes apart or very apart and low spine. 2.0-2.5. Teeth large and spaced. orientation. Keel after Prl sometimes with after Pr2 Urocardiac ridges 4-5 (rarely 6). Pr2: Open or parallel, and very apart. Keel Coloration: Body dark green/brown or olive dorsally, slightly pronounced anteriorly. spines (if present) and sharp, lack- paler brown ventrolaterally. Dorsal Lateral profile moderately rounded or Pr3: Rostral carinae dark green. Keel after Pr3 cephalic spines pale orange. ing or with very gradual scoops. Abdominal L spines brown or pale green. Carpus and anteriorly. pronounced spines tipped with and straight, propodus of cheliped green/brown, Pr4: Posterior edge moderate to sharp paler. absent. Anterior mar- orange. Fingertips slightly convex or irregular. Scoops Body ventrally orange and green. Chelae green/orange, or very angular. gins angular carpal/propodal articulation. Propo- narrow keel. often blue patch at Processes 3 and 4 broad with sharp edges dark green. Fingers orange, Bartle Frere crayf- dal and dactylar mesal Setation: Moderate to rather heavy. Tableland. tips often yellow. setose than those from Atherton ish more orange, pink or grey. cephalon, dense or Very small specimens Punctation: Moderate to dense on Sexes: Males possess a wide cuticle partition. very dense on thorax. G, I MORGAN
Two females were collected, both 111 the 30-40 OCL >rd antennal segment, o id on
range. On one, the gonopores appeal tobi opening. The specimen',- 20O1 l Rostral sides parallel or slightly con-
• is berried gonopores. Hence, females . other with 1 divergent open [i in , .urn,. ba hi « "id Ol mature at close to 30 OCT.. ari probably lengths Eggi di ergenl 3-5 marginal spines p « medium- orange/brown. sized and moderatelj pointed; spines disti mid-
length oi proximal to midi< ogtfa i il pine Distribution and biology. The species has been col gi .mes. similar to or slight!) lai i than mat ginal lected in tropical rainforests at altitudes above 800 'I i 'i I K I (i 0.81 86 i. RW'Oi K, 20. m a.s.l. on the Atherton Tableland, west of Cairns Cephalon Spinauo lerateot weak, with 1-3 small and from the Bellenden Ker Range west of spines and bumps below postorbital ridgi I ii I perior- Babinda. This is the highest country in Queensland. bita] spine medium-sized or small. 2nd postnrbital spine At lower altitudes, species of Cherax, Macro- absent (om ipecimen <20OCl with icon brachium and Atyoida were common. No speci- one side only) Suborbital spine usually medium-sized,
mens of Euastacus were collected adjacent to large on some specin I OCL. Lai in of human habitation. The berried female was obtained squame usually slightly concave; squame widest at or Jightlj distal to midlength; marginal spines absent. In- from a shallow burrow in July. terantennal spine elongati oi ol medium width on speci- Etymology. Name derived from "balan" (fresh mens >20 O* L, broad on some smallei animals; spine water) in Dyirbal, the major language of the Bellen- margins slightly or di; tinctl) alio] ed, ventromedial SUT- den Ker area (Dixon, 1972). often with small blunt spine. Antennal basipodite spine small or absen idite spine verj small and Remarks. Only six specimens of this small species weakl) bifid, of absent, have been collected from a relativeb small ai Scl OC1 "ii 0.23 d. north Queensland and geographical variation can- Thorax Dorsal spines ver) poorly developed or absent, not be interpreted. jusi d 1-2 small blunt spines posterioi i,> cervical sp eral Euastacus eungella sp, nov, tubi rele small to verj small, dense or moderate!) per- small animals; figures 5, 6 nictate on
' OCL 33.0 mm. Ml OC1 0.34-0 M\\ o< I 0. 15-0.22 d. ( ,,\\ oi I 0.49 0.55. < aD ibdomen Somite I i (reek 1 lad speci- km along track from Creditor ( amp, I ungella e2ol ' I 4-') mens and lome smaller animals I i Nat. Park, (21 1 IS, 148' 31'E), II Jun 1981, G.J. Moi >20O< with spines pei side, spines gan and S.J. Harders, QM W10982, 3 iuveniles; < attic medium sized to tin) and sharp Ck (South Branch), Eungella Nat. Park, (21 oss. to blunt; tiny Li spine usiiallv on somites 3 and 4 ol large : specimen', , 6, 148°30'E), 12 Jun 1981, C.J. Morgan and s I II, m somites 5 and Speci- mens 20O< I QMW10983, I 9; Clarke Range neat ( rediton, 17 \pi pines or with 2-6 tiny Li spines 1975. VV4S06. omite 2 an mall) I somite QM 3CT, 39, I chela. spine on 3. In spines usual!) abseni I -pecimen with Diagnosis. Sinulai to I . balanensis, except.- rostral i tin) n i |. D-l and D spines ab i m on marginal spines not apical, distributed to, 01 pi ox ,, boss abseni imal to midlength \hd\\ oi l of eannae. \ntennal squame (0.44)0.46-0.53 i, OCI I 0.37-0.41 i. in I ail abseni widest at or slightly distal to midlength. 4-9 Li fan spines though seta! bum] i A v ions on margins spines on abdominal somite 2. 2 lateral propodal ol teison and uropods Standard spines medium sized, spine rows, ventral row well developed. Usually 2- Id ()( I 0.34-0.44 d. 4 dorsal apical propodal spines. Spines above < 'helae: ( helae intermediate to elongate m shape. Teeth propodal and dactylar cutting edges distributed well developed on specimens »30 oc I proximal to midlength of gape. 5-6 mesal propo- Propodus i -n.illv 2 lateral propodal spine rows ex- 0-2 dal spines. dorsal mesal dactylar basal spines. cept on very small specimens with onl) do [sal tow . ven- 1-3 apical mesal dactylar spines. Proximalmost tral row usually commencing third to halt propodal leng (4th) mesal carpal spine base. absent or small. Ven- from i.e. proximal hall ol propodus often with sin- I tromesal carpal spine smaller than ventral spine. gle K)« , ateral spines small to medium-sized and rather Keel Prl close. TAP count 3.5-4.0. p. Outer spine ridge weak or absent, 5-6 mesal propo- dal spines; 2-4 (rarely 1) dorsal apical propodal spines Description. Maximum OCL: 33.0 mm. on specimens >:o OCL, frequently absent on smaller Rostrum: Short, usually not reaching beyond base specimens. of 4-6 spines above propodal cutting edge of CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 10 W10980); B, ventral view cephalon (tele- view (holotype o- , Cattle Ck, QM Figure 5 Euastacus eungella. A, dorsal W10981); D, abdominal som.te 2: more : spine (paratype ct, Cattle Ck, QM type o-) C weakly bifid coxopodite (holotype or). numerous and smaller Li spines (paratype cr); E, zygocardiac ossicle 10 O. J. MORGAN Figure 6. Euastacus eungella. \, dorsal new chela (holotype i; B, chela: 3(+l) mesal carpal -pines, 6 mesal propodal spines, mesal spmes I dactylar apical spmc . basal absent, propodal , ( (allometr) Kparatype attle Ck, QM W1098I 1; I), sternal keel | C, (holotype T)\ keel Pr3 and 4: broader (allomctry ) (parat\pe specimens 1-5 >30OCL, on specimens 20-30 OC1 ; spine Dactl Propl 0.48-0.59 i. usually row reaching proximal to mid length or to ful pus: Dorsolongjtudinal groove deep. 3 or 3{4 1) of chela, often reaching spines lateral to dactylai base mesal carpal spines, distalmost largest and definitely offset dorsally, though apical or absent close : !\ 2-3 on specimens to . outer carpal spines, small to medium-sized or slightly -oik < 20 OCL; spines large to small. Dorsally, I- on specimens | , sometimes large on largo speci- 2 medium-sized or small spines lateral to dactylar base. mens. Articulation spine tin) or absent, medium--! with several small outer spines; \ 1-2 some • 1 bumps or enn ally, specimens 20 (X I . I'sually -2 small blunt dor- medium or small spines. Spines absent proximal to dac- sal carpal spines. Ventral spine large or medium large tylar articulation; precarpal spines absent except on some (small on some \ei> small individuals); ventromesal spines regenerate chelae. numbering 2-3. largest medium-sized Of small (always PropL/OCL 0.92-1.02. PropW Propl 0.41-0.48 id. smaller than ventral spinel. PropD/PropL 0.25-0.30 id. Merus: 7 10 dorsal meral spines, medium-sized or small. Dactylus: Row of 3-8 spines above dactylai cm tine edge Outer spmc small. of specimens >20 OCL and 3-4 on smaller specimens, Keel: Prl: Posterior margin sloped or almost semi- reaching proximal to midlength 01 to full cape; spines abrupt (semi-abrupt on some specimens ); pro medium-sized or small, usuall) largest basally. I \tra dor- <20OCl file usually angled down, sal dactylar spines absent. 0-2 dorsal mesal basal spines, sometimes flat or rounded; processes close medium-sized and quite sharp. Marginal mesal basal and parallel, keel after Prl lacking spines, sometimes slightly spines absent. 1-3 apical mesal spines. Dactylar groove bumped. usually inconspicuous on large specimens, deep on some Pr2: Approximate!) parallel and apart. Reel after Pr2 specimens < 30 OCL. moderate!) pronounced without spines. CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND II Pr3: Scoops absent (rarely very gradual); posterior from the same animal, are present in the QM col- edges moderately sharp to sharp; configuration almost lection and were undoubtedly borne by a specimen parallel on some small specimens. Keel after Pr3 moder- larger than 40 OCL. The propodus, dactylus and ately pronounced and often irregular on large specimens, merus of a single large cheliped (mementos of a very pronounced on specimens <20 OCL. Park Ranger) were examined and measured, and Pr4: Scoops absent; posterior edges moderate to sharp also must have belonged to an animal larger than and slightly convex; anterior edges moderately rounded ratios to to very angular. 40 OCL. Extrapolation of PropL/OCL Processes 3 and 4 narrow on specimens >20 OCL, the propodal lengths of the larger of the two broad on some smaller crayfish. museum chelae (45.5 mm) and the Ranger's speci- Setatiom Moderate to light. men (46.8 mm) imply OCLs of 48-50 mm. Large Punctation: Moderate to sparse on cephalon; moder- specimens have been observed occasionally in the dense thorax. ate to on field (K. McDonald, pers. comm.). Gastric mill: TAP count 3.5-4.0; TAA count 1.0-1.5; spread 2.0-3.0. Urocardiac ridges 6. Urocardiac ossicles Euastacus fleckeri (Watson) rather shallow. Figures 7, 8 Coloration: Body green/blue dorsally, sometimes tinged with purple, paler ventrolaterally. Usually pale Astacopsis fleckeri Watson, 1935: 233-235, pi. 34.- patches on dorsal and lateral cephalon; cephalic spines Watson, 1936: 52. -Flecker and Flecker, 1936: 18. blue. spines pale. Abdomen often bluer than dark Rostral Euastacus fleckeri. -Clark, 1936: 17-18, pi. 3, fig. somites bright blue laterally. Carpus of cephalothorax, 17. -Clark, 1937: 186.-Clark, 1941: 19-20.-Riek, 1951: blue/purple, cheliped blue/green, mesal spines bright 378-379, 381.-Riek, 1969: 895. lateral spines white. Propodus and dactylus blue/purple. near Mt Fingertips pale yellow. Material examined. Holotype. Qld, Roots Ck miles (130 km) west of Body bright blue ventrally, with patches of orange and Carbine in Mt Molloy district, 80 (There is some cream. Propodus of cheliped blue mesally, mesal spines Cairns, QM W581, a, OCL 102.8 mm. specimen. The blue/white, white on fingers, orange patch lateral to dac- confusion regarding the identity of the type jar bearing the type locality tylar base. Dactylus pale blue or purple, white distally. male W581 is present in the originally designated Variation between individuals in tones of blue and pur- and holotype label. Watson (1935) holotype as male, and Flecker and Flecker (1936) ple. Very small specimens pale brown or green. the male. In a copy of the Memoirs oj Sexes: Males possess a cuticle partition. recorded the type as by me Watson's (1935) No mature females have been collected. Female matu- the Queensland Museum seen designation of the type as "male" has been amended by rity presumably occurs at lengths greater than 30 OCL. an unknown person to "female". Clark (1936) and Riek res- Distribution and biology. The species appears (1969) recorded the holotype as female and a female (QM tricted to elevations above 740 m a.s.l. in the Clarke W620, OCL 119.1 mm) also bears a type locality label. Range, in and near Eungella National Park, ap- It is concluded here that the holotype is the male QM proximately 65 km west of Mackay, central coastal W581 and thai confusion regarding sex has occurred sub- sequent to Watson's (1935) description.) Queensland. The area is drained primarily by the Other specimens. Qld. Mt Lewis near Cairns, P. Pioneer River. Vegetation in the species' range is Flecker, Meeker, AM P13434, 2o\ 1 9 ; Mt Lewis, P. AM rainforest. The largest specimens were col- tropical cross- P15528, 1 cr; Leichhardt Ck tributary, cement road lected from a seepage at the type locality. The Eu- ing above old forestry camp, Mt Lewis, (16°35'S, areas within 240 ngella plateau is much higher than 145°19'E), 6 Jul 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, km to the north and 500 km to the south, and QM W10988, 29; Leichhardt Ck tributary beside old receives over 2400 mm of rainfall annually. The forestry camp, Mt Lewis, (16°35'S, 145°19'E), 7 Jul 1981, 1 0988, 2 ; Head species is sympatric with a species of Cherax at the G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W 9 1936, A. Flecker, QM W608, lower Eungella sites. of Mossman R., 3 Jan North Queens- W610, W612, W617, W619, W621, 69 ; (Land of registry lists a "topo- Etymology. Named after "Eungella" land, QM W1469, 1 9 (The AM Cloud), the National Park on the Clarke Range, type" AM PI 0758 but this specimen could not be found. its of "upper reaches of Mossman west of Mackay. The name is probably derived In any case, locality R., north of Cairns" does not agree strictly with the type from the Biria aboriginal language (Dixon, 1972). locality.) Male cuticle partition usually absent (see Remarks. Euastacus eungella has been collected Diagnosis. Remarks). Rostrum distinctly U-shaped (especially only from a small area and does not display marked large specimens) with sides parallel and base geographical variation. on only divergent. Rostral marginal spines in line reaching, The species is represented in collections by or extending proximal to, midlength of carinae. 12 complete or near complete specimens with only Antennal squame widest at midlength, spines ab- one larger than 30 OCL. Two chelae, presumably 12 (,. J. MORGAN 10"" 10 Figure 7. Euastacus fleckeri. (Types not available at time of illustration) A, dorsal view ( Q , Mossman R., QM W619); R.); bifid coxopodite spine , Lewis. B, ventral view cephalon (9 , Mossman C, (9 Mt AM PI 3434); D, lateral view abdominal somites 1 and 2: spine absent from somite 1 , fewer blunter Li thorax ( 9 , Mossman R.); E, D-L spines W10988); F, zygocardiac ossicle ("topotype", on somite 2 (9 , Leichhardt Ck, QM Mossman R., AM P10758, Fran- cois collection). CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 13 Ck); chela: chela: stouter ( Leichhardt C , Mossman R.); B, 9 , Figure 8 Euastacus flecker,. A, dorsal view chela ( 9 (or, Lewis). (o-, Mt Lewis, AM P13434); D, sternal keel Mt 4 mesal carpal spines, dactylar basal spine (regenerate) spines carinae short and spread. 3-4 (rarely 5) marginal sent. Suborbital spine small to medium-sized. midlength or full per side, distributed to or proximal to Thoracic spines/tubercles largest dorsally and very spines medium-sized or small and (vague on length of carinae; sparsely distributed over branchiostegites large speci- usually moderately pointed, blunt on some <40 OCL). D-L spine usually specimens some specimens mens (probably abraded), rather sharp on some rarely somite present on abdominal somite 1 (and <60 OCL. Acumen spine subequal to, or slightly larger boss absent. 6). D abdominal spines and abdominal than, marginal spines. Tailfan spines absent. Lateral propodal spines in 0.15-0.21 d. poorly deve- OCL/CL 0.82-0.89 i. RW/OCL 1 row condition (ventral row 2 to moderately spiny or spiny, with or Cephalon: Cephalon loped). 4-5 (rarely 6) mesal propodal spines. numerous small spines below postorbital ridges, or poorly apical propodal spine. Spines above propo- spine an 1 dorsal spined on specimens <40 OCL. 1st postorbital in rows reaching in- dal and dactylar cutting edges edge on specimens >80 OCL, small on some lesser dactylar OCL; proximal to midlength of gape. Mesal dividuals and medium-sized on some crayfish <40 3-4 sometimes on one side only. spines absent. Carpal dorsal groove shallow. 2nd spine small edge to small, mesoventral spine small or medium-sized. Lateral margin (rarely 5) mesal carpal spines. Large Suborbital and approximately straight; squame widest at mid- carpal spine. Keel Prl usually angled down of squame marginal spines usually absent (one large speci- or just broad. TAP count length; close. Pr3 and 4 narrow Interantennal men with lateral spine on both squames). 8.0-9.5. medium width spine elongate on specimens > 100 OCL, on specimens 60-100 OCL, medium or broad on smaller OCL: 119.1 mm. Description. Maximum or toothed; centre fre- midlength specimens; spine margin scalloped Rostrum: Rostrum rather short, not reaching punctate. Antennal basipodite spine absent; cox- specimens > 20 OCL, reach- quently of 3rd antennal segment on serrated, opodite spine medium-sized or small and bifid or specimens <20 OCL. Rostral sides ap- ing midlength on mesally. divergent and usually pronounced proximately parallel, base divergent or very . 14 (,. I MORGAN spine on regenerate chelae). Dactylar ScL/OCL 0.11-0.20 d. marginal basal • < >' I dis- small, groove absent or shallow OH Specimens 40 . Thorax: On specimens >40 OC1 , moderately tinct on some smaller specimens. sharp to blunt spines or tubercles scattered irregular Is ovei 0.53-0.61. branchiostegites; spines larger and denser dorsal!) t DactL/Propl groove vers shallow. 3-4 pace sides lightly punctate. Specimens <40 OCL usually Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal I si spine usually devoid of carapace ornamentation. 2-4 cervical spines; (rarely 5) mesal carpal spines; (distal) spines, medium-sized spines medium-sized or small and sharp or moderately smaller than 2nd. 2 rpal and dorsal carpal spines absent. pointed, tiny and blunt on some specimens • 40 (XI to large. Articulation ; large, I spines usually evenly spaced and similarly sized. Ventral carpal spine medium-sized, rarely spine, and usually ArL/OCL 0.37-0.40. CaW/OCL 0.52-0.58. Ar\V/OCL roesoventral spine larger than ventral 1 which si i irge. 0.14-0.24 d. CaD/OCI. 0.45-0.50 d. 2-3 ventromesal spines, of \Kitis: 5-9 dorsal spines, ,n I Outer Abdomen: Small or tiny D-L spine on somite I of speci- mens > 60 OCL and some smaller animals; spine usually spine small or mis very sloped: ventral edges blunt, sometimes rather sharp. Subsequent somites Lai I ing Keel: Pi I: Posterior margins mar- D-L spines (somite 6 of one very large specimen with tiny led down 01 slight!) angled back near anterior bump). D abdominal spines absent. Somite 2 with 3-6 Li gins: processes close (oi vers slightly apart) and closed slight spine. spines on specimens >40 OCL, 2 or 3 spines on smaller or parallel. Keel after Prl sometimes with parallel; specimens; somites 3-5 of specimens >40OCL and some Pr2; I.,'sually open or tllj 20-40 OCL with single Li spine; Li spines large to small processes apart. Keel after] 1 or on specimens >60 OCL, medium-sized to tiny on lesset saddle-shaped. animals, decreasing posteriorly; spines \ei> sharp Ol sharp Pr3: Scoops ib rior edges moder- on animals > 40 OCL, moderately pointed to blunt on ate to rounded (sharp on smalli aen). Keel a! r > smaller crayfish. I u spines on somites 3-3 of some large Pr3 moderately pron 1 crayfish, spines small or tiny and moderatel) pointed to Pr4: Scoops absent: posterior edges moderate to moder- blunt; tiny Lii spine on somite 6 ot mos( specimens >60 ately sharp (sharp on smallest specimen) and straight. OCL. Abdominal boss absent. Inly convex oi irregula 'derate to or <>< I I ilai AbdW/OCl 0.49-0.54 d, , 52 -0.56 L. 0.37-0.46 i. Processes 1 and 4 narrow or just broad on specimens Ot I . i Iml I an: I ail tan spines absent; faint setal bumps alon >60 bi oad on small tnimals. margins ol telson and uropods. Standard spines set', mall Setatio r: I or small, medium sized on smallest specimen. Punctaiion Mo dense, but faun, on cepha- : ih' lei (K I 0.34-0.41 d. 'use on ( helae: C helae elongate to stoul (elongate chdai Gastrii mitt: rAP count 8.0-9.5; I \\ spread ably regenerate) leclli well developed OB fer) large 8 0-9 5 I eeth iac ridges 8-10 specimens. ' oloration: Bod irk green with brown ti Propodus; lateral propodal spines in 2 to I row i on dorsally, deep blue \ eat rolaler ally. Tlioracic and cephalic dition, ventral row often poorl) developed; spines spines red Rostra! s.n mac or. nice \nk medium-sized or small and rather sharp. 1 atera) spine margin - ol al (visible when ridge vague or absent. Usually 5 mesal propodal spines, d) I i Spines red. Carpus of cheliped rarely 4 or 6. or I dorsal apical propodal spine, 2-6 blue green with red tipped spines, Propodus dark spines above cutting edge of specimens -40 OCL, 1-3 blue green with some mottling, red spines, mesal edge- 20-40 on specimens OCL, spines absent OH animal <20 blue. Dact) I r tips red. spine < OCL; n™ extending proximal to midlength or full I blue and red venirally. arpus ol cheliped gape of chela, usually with distinct gap between propo- In blue with red spines. Propodus blue, greener at dal apex and distalmost spine; spines small to large, mesal edge, red spines usually largest proximally, neat dactylai articulation, Dor- Sexes Moat males lacs a cuticle partition but one sally, 1 or 2 medium-sized spines lateral to dactylai base, men possesses a thin partition (see Remarks] i' 3-7 or iir. I with more lateral blunt spines often forming it m 40 60 1 k range displays open gono- regular row parallel lateral venti.dh. poies, to propodal edge: . though 2 specimens in the 60-80 OCL range are 2-4 medium-sized or small spines, very close to cutting unopen. All females are mature when >80 OCL. edge. Spines absent proximal to dactylai articulation; precarpal spines absent. Distribution and biology. The species occurs in PropL/OCL C 0.84-0.97 i, , OS! (1.91 i. rainforest streams at elevations above 1000 m a.s.l. PropW/PropL (0.34)0.38-0 52.PropD Propl (0.23)0.25- in a small area west of Mossman, 0.39 d. north Queens- land, from Mt. 1 ewis in the south to the Dactylu.s: 6-9 spines above dactylai cutting edg Mt Spur- geon specimens >40 OCL, 1-2 spines on smaller specimens; region in the north, a distance of 20 km. The spines distributed along full gape of chela (smallest animal high country is drained b\ the Mossman River to with single basal spine); spines medium-sized to large. the east and tributaries of the Mitchell River to the Extra dactylar dorsal spines absent. Apical and basal west and south. Creeks are well shaded and log and mesal dactylar spines absent (two specimens with single leaf litter are abundant. Lower country between Mt , CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 15 Lewis and Kuranda separates E. fleckeri from E. 1 dorsal mesal dactylar basal spine. 1-3 marginal balanensis of the Atherton Tableland. Streams in mesal dactylar basal spines. 3-4 apical mesal dac- this lower area support species of Cherax, Macro- tylar spines. Dorsolongitudinal groove of carpus brachium and Atyoida. deep. 2 mesal carpal spines. Ventromesal carpal spines much smaller than ventral spine. Keel Prl Remarks. Of the four males examined, three lack abrupt and apart. TAP count 5.0-6.0. [Usually 2 the coxal cuticle partition and one medium-sized distinct spines on each side of epistome]. specimen possesses it. Two of the former three males are large (>60 OCL) but the third is small Description. Maximum OCL 138.6 mm. not reaching or just reaching mid- (<20 OCL); hence it cannot be argued that the par- Rostrum: Rostrum length of 3rd antennal segment on specimens > 60 OCL tition breaks down with age. Further sampling may to or distal to midlength of segment on specimens 40-60 reveal that the specimen with a partition is aber- OCL, distal to midlength or to end of segment on smaller rant and atypical of the species, but the incon- animals. Rostral sides parallel or slightly convergent, base sistancy cannot be resolved at this stage. parallel to divergent, usually slightly divergent. Carinae medium length to long, not markedly spread. Rostral mar- Euastacus hystrieosus Riek ginal spines numbering 3 (rarely 2)-4 per side, in row reaching proximal to midlength of carinae; spines 10 Figures 9, medium-sized to large and moderately sharp. Acumen spine slightly larger to much larger than marginal spines. Euastacus hystrieosus Riek, 1951: 380-381. -Riek, OCL/CL 0.73-0.87 i. RW/OCL 0.15-0.23 d. 1956: l-2.-Riek, 1969: 896. Cephalon: Rather poorly spined to spiny, usually with ridge with Material examined. Qld. Elaman Ck, Maleny, 8 Oct 1953, 1 or 2 large, sharp spines ventral to postorbital R., 1974, First postorbital spine small E.F. Riek, AM P13044, 2o\ 4 9 ; Mary QM some smaller spines/bumps. W4643, lc; Conondale Ra., QM W2027, lcr; Conon- to medium-sized on specimens > 100 OCL, usually large Kilcoy, OCL. 2nd postorbial dale, 25 Apr 1943, AM PI 1932, 2 9 ; Sunday Ck, or very large on specimens <80 QM W1988, lo\ 19; Kondalilla Nat. Park, Aug 1974, spine an edge on very large specimens, usually small or Little Yabba Ck, Kenil- specimens 60-80 OCL and large on QM W5457, 1 9 ; Tributary of medium-sized on very worth State Forest, (26°39'S, 152°37'E), 10 Mar 1981, smaller specimens. Suborbital spine medium/large to Icr; Six convex to straight; G J Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W 10965, large. Lateral margin of squame midlength on Mile Ck, Kenilworth S.F., (26°46'S, 152°36'E), 11 Mar squame widest at or slightly proximal to cr; proximal on smaller 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM WT0966, 1 specimens >40 OCL, distinctly of Sunday Ck, Kenilworth S.F., (26°44S, 152°32'E), 12 Mar animals; marginal spines absent. Interantennal spine a; marginally serrated or slightly 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM VVT0962, 1 medium width to broad, Antennal basipodite spine Kilcov Ck at Rum Crossing, tributary Brisbane R., (rarely distinctly) toothed. specimens >60 OCL (lar- (26°46'S, 152°36E), 13-14 Mar 1981, G.J. Morgan and medium-sized to large on most small spine) and large or very S.J. Harders, QM W 10963, lcr, 29- gest specimen with only large on specimens < 60 OCL. Coxopodite spine small to cuticle partition present. Rostral Diagnosis. Male medium-sized, rarely large, usually bifid, occasionally ser- proximal to midlength marginal spine row reaching rated, with mesal point most pronounced. of carinae. Rostral base parallel to divergent, ca- ScL/OCL 0.13-0.33 d. of medium length to long. Antennal squame rinae Thorax: On specimens >40 OCL, 8-14 dorsal thoracic or slightly proximal to midlength. widest at spines in zone or 2 irregular rows. Spines medium-sized Suborbital spine usually especially near Squamal spines absent. to medium/large and usually sharp, large or very large. Thoracic spines medium-sized, posterior of carapace, with moderate or blunt spines dor- tubercles 20-40 range with medium- in zone or irregular rows. General sally. Larger specimens in OCL spines. Spines vague medium-sized or large, moderately to sparsely dis- sized or small, blunt, rounded or flat specimens close to or <20 OCL. General 3-4 large and sharp Li spines on abdomi- or absent on tributed. OCL, spines tubercles medium-sized to large on specimens >40 nal somite 2 (>40 OCL). Several sharp D moderate to sparse in density. Specimens <40 OCL with abdominal somites 5 and 6 (>40 OCL). Ab- on medium-sized, very' sparse tubercles; on very surface very small to boss present. 8-15 large telsonic sharp, dominal small animals, tubercles vague or absent. Usually 1 spines present on outer ramus of spines. Marginal medium to very large cervical spine, though 2nd smaller to 1 row con- uropod. Lateral propodal spines in 2 spine sometimes present on small animals. spine (>40 OCL). 0.38-0.41. CaW/OCL 0.58-0.64 i. dition. 1 dorsal apical propodal ArL/OCL apical 0.51-0.57 d. Spines above propodal cutting edge usually ArW/OCL 0.12-0.19 d. CaD/OCL reaching to or slightly proximal medium-sized or large D-L spine on ( row sometimes Abdomen: Sharp, mesal propodal >40 OCL (tiny spine on some to midlength of gape). Usually 5 somite 1 of specimens edge apical animals; one medium-sized specimen with 2 D-L spines. Spines above dactylar cutting smaller midlength of gape. spines on one side). D spine absent on somite 1. 3-4 Li or in row reaching proximal to v 16 G. J. MORG \N C E ' 10t Little Yabba Ck); B, chela: more elongate chela (a, tributary of ; Figure 10. Euastacus hystricosus. A, dorsal view to dactylar absent, apical propodal sp.ne absent, small spme lateral (allometry), marginal mesal dactylar basal spine of Little Yabba Ck). base (o\ Six Mile Ck); C, sternal keel (cr, tributary 20-40 OCL. Speci- 2-3 spines Spines vague or absent on specimens spines on somite 2 of specimens >40 OCL and mens <20 OCL probably lacking abdominal spination. most specimens 20-40 OCL. Somites 3-5 with single on 0.55-0.61 i. OCL/L Li po- AbdW/OCL o- 0.48-0.56 d, 9 Li spine (outer Lii spine on somite 6 approaching on 0.36-0.44 i. Li spines very sharp and very large or large sition). surface spines. Spines very decreasing in Tail/an: 8-15 dorsal telsonic anterior somites of specimens >40 OCL, specimens >40 OCL, often medium- Li spines medium- large or large on size posteriorly. On smaller specimens, on specimens 20-40 OCL. Marginal telsonic spines very blunt. Somites 3-6 of speci- sized sized to tiny and sharp to present absent, though 1 large spine sometimes and some smaller animals with 1-2 Lii usually mens >40 OCL 1-3 surface spines on inner 1 both telsonic margins. large to medium-sized on on or spines per side. Lii spines very specimens 40- ramus of uropod, spines very large or large on specimens >60 OCL, medium to small on specimens medium-sized or small on smaller animals. when present on smaller >40 OCL, 60 OCL and small or tiny of specimens 20- 2-6 large marginal spines on inner ramus spines very sharp, or blunt on specimens animals; Lii >40 OCL and on some smaller individuals. 3-6 margi- on somites 2-5 of specimens >40 40 OCL. 1 D-L spine of specimens >40 spines nal spines on outer ramus of uropod vague or absent on smaller specimens. D-L OCL; smaller animals, spines medium-sized or small to posterior, and OCL; on very large to medium-sized, decreasing when' present, vague or absent on some very small speci- absent from somites 2-4, distinct boss very sharp. D spine small to medium-sized on somite mens. Standard telsonic spines approaching blunt spine condition. On sometimes 100 OCL, medium to large on smaller speci- Somite 6 of speci- specimens > 5 1-2 small D spines sometimes present. mens. Frequently large spine on base of uropods. with 2-4 D-L and 3-5 D spines. Spines mens >40 OCL 0.33-0.40 d, 0.38-0.43 d. pointed. TeL/OCL o- 9 medium-sized or small, very sharp to moderately 18 G (. MORGAN Chelae: Chelae ol specimens -40 ()( I i at her stout mens. Bases usually irregu limes approxim to elongate, sometimes very elongate on smaller animals straight. 100 O' I Teeth well developed on most specimens >60 0< I sses 3 and 4 nai pecimens > . ui Propodus; I ateral propodal spines in 2 to I row con- mallei anil dition, ventral row often poorly developed on very small Setation: I ight. specimens. Lateral spines mcdium-si/ed to targe, usually Punciation: Moderate to moderately dense on large < ii'i ii - sharp. Lateral spine ridge present, I sualh 5 mesa! propo animal .. den e in ipi 60 ot I dal spines, though distalmost spine often poor! Gastric mill: rAP count $.0-6.0; [*AA count I loped. 1 Usually I dorsal apical spine oit spei imert I' spread 3.5 4.5 (rarely 5.0). I roc.trdiac rid num- OCL, absent on smaller animals. 2-5 spine abov, propo ber usual!) increasing with size) dal cutting edge on specimens >40OCL; spines medium I oloratton: Bod Thoracic spines Sized or large and usually apical, spine iiih sometimes Inly darker and general tubercles pale orange green. reaching to midlength (rarely slightly proximal to mid Sharp abdominal ami tailfan spines tipped with orange. length) < of gape, On specimens 20-40 OCL, 0-2 It arpus and pr cheliped dark green, propodus or small apical spines '.nil above cutting edge, o i spine lateral nl, orange or yellow disl and to dactylar base dorsally; vv • hen present, spim yellow . small; lateral i propodal bumps weak!) developed. Ven- Bod I green \enlrally. ( arpus of cheliped trally, l-.t large to small spines lateral to da. t) I.. dark green. Propodus oral cllow distally, (spine rarely absent). Spines absent proximal to dactylai d.u l< green met nil', i >.n articulation; precarpal spines absent. l ide) cuticle partition. Propl I ' I ' i. , o I be 0( 0.90 06 86 m the 4060 (>< I Km ted in this PropW Piopi (0, 13)0.33 0. 14 id. PropD Propl stud maturity. 0.22-0.26, -' I " i 60 ' have open gono- 4-7 Dactylus: spmes above cutting edge ol dactylusof pon i ied. Femal WOCl tnge specimens 2-5 >60OC1 , spines on specimens 40-60 O i . have male main: 0-3 on animals 20-40 s ' >< OC1 S| tedium-sized, at lengths around 60 I and apical or in row reaching tOOl proximal to nth! ol gape. One wr\ large spe Distribution and biology. The species inhabits tylar spine on larger chela. 1 dorsal mesa! basal jpj streams in wet sclerophyll and rainforests at ele- all specimens. Usually I 3 marginal m pines; vations above 550 m a. s.l. in the Conondale somespecimi n (espo iallj mall inin -pines Range ' \!alcn\ aunts wesl ol N.imhiuir, south-east on one chela and one l.u je animal with 4 on its (probabl) regenerate) chela. Basal spmes medium-sized iishuid [Tie species occurs in the Mary River or large and usuall erj sharp. 1 4 apical mesa! spmes. system and wa collected from a tribu- Dactylai gi - ibsen I "i the Hi >40(X . River. Berried females have light on smaller specin I in winter and spring. The one Dactl Propl 0.52 o 58. museum specimen with eggs was collected in Att- i arpus; Dorsolongitudinal tvedeep. 2 : / uastaaa hystricosui is frequently sympatric pal spmes; distalmost (1st) distinctly target and with a species ol ( herax, particularl) at lower ele- offset ventrally to 2nd. Two i vations ol its sized or large Articulation range. sent. Ventral spine ven large. I OareK 2) small oi tins Remarks. Hie range and habitat /. ventromesal spine(s), ol hystricosus is \et> limited and this large Merus: 6-9 large dorsal literal spmes. Outer spine crayfish is relative!) constant in , ., on morpln s UII (, medium-sized specten n I0OCL.I . large u no ot> Keel: Prl: Posterioi -in I he holotype mat abrupt I mi tbru and allotype ol E. hystricosus some small specimens); ventral profile usuall) in been losl From the QM (fide Riek, 1969: 896) and and rounded, flat, angle k. Pro could urn be found foi this study. Riek (1956: 1-2; apart or very apart and parallel oi closed, keel after Prl 1969: 896) named lectotypes (including a "holo- frequently with spine. type", "allotype" and "paratypes") from Elaman Pr2: open oi verj open. Keel afta Pr2 usi Creek, Maleny (AM PI 3044). r/his was pronounced anteriorly, sometimes with low spine. move in- valid as lectotypes can I'iV Disimci scoops, posterioi margin usual! be designated only from a scries though some specimens <40OCl with moderatel) sharp pi syntypes. \ single neotype ma) be nomi- processes. nated !l series is Keel afta Pr3 pronounced and uneven in pro- the type lost bul "only in excep- file and moderate lo sharp. tional circumstances where a neotype is necessary Pr4: Scoops usual!) slight, sometimes absent on in the small interests ol stability of nomenclature" (In- specimens. Posterior margins rounded io moderatel) ternational ( ode ot Zoological Nomenclature, Art. sharp; anterior margins rounded to moderatel) curved 75a). It is here regarded thai a neotype need not on specimens >60 OCL, angular on some smaller sped be designated for E. hystricosus. CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 19 Euastacus robertsi Monroe smooth with 1-2 small spine(s) each side of apex, centre frequently punctate. Antennal basipodite spine absent; Figures 11, 12 coxopodite spine small, rarely medium-sized, and bifid or serrated. Euastacus robertsi Monroe, 1977: 65-67, pi. 19. ScL/OCL 0.14-0.19 d. Material examined. Holotype. Qld, HoransCk, 1050 m, Thorax: Small or medium-sized tubercles or spines Mt Finnigan National Park, north-east Queensland, 27- sparsely distributed over sides of carapace, usually larger 29 Nov 1975, L. Roberts, R. Monroe and G. Ingram, QM ventrally; tubercles vague on specimens <20 OCL. 2-4 W5323, a, OCL 42.3mm. cervical spines per side, small or tiny and similarly sized Paratypes. Qld, type locality, QM W5324, 7a, 11 9 . and moderately pointed to blunt; spines vague or absent Other specimens. Qld, Horans Ck, 3500 ft, Mt Finni- on specimens <20 OCL. gan Nat. Park, 9 Nov 1974, QM W5076, la; Horans ArL/OCL 0.41-0.44. CaW/OCL 0.53-0.58 i. ft, 10 1974, W5075, 1 Hilda Ck, Ck, 2400 Nov QM 9 i ArW/OCL 0.14-0.17 d. CaD/OCL 0.43-0.50 d. Thornton Peak, 24-27 Sep 1984, G. Monteith and R. Leg- Abdomen: Tiny, blunt D-L spine sometimes on somite gett, QM WU554-W11557, 4a, 29 1 of large specimens, though absent on largest animal and holotype; subsequent somites lacking D-L spines. D spines Diagnosis. Male cuticle partition present. Rostrum absent. Somite 2 with 4-5 Li spines on specimens >30 not distinctly U-shaped, sides usually convergent OCL, 1-4 on specimens 20-40 OCL, 0-3 on animals <20 and base divergent. Rostral marginal spines in row OCL; somites 3-5 of animals >30 OC1 and some 20-30 reaching, or extending proximal to, midlength of OCL with single Li spine; Li spines small or tiny and moderately pointed or blunt on specimens >30 OCL, carinae. Antennal squame widest at or slightly dis- blunt or very blunt on smaller animals. Lii spines absent. tal to midlength; spines absent. Suborbital spine Dorsal boss absent. medium-sized to large. Thoracic tubercles/spines AbdW/OCL 0.49-0.53. OCL/L 0.38-0.43 i. (larger ventrally), and very small or very small Tailfan: Tailfan spines absent, faint setal bumps along sparse. D-L spine usually absent on abdominal so- margins of telson and uropods. Standard spines small or mite 1. D abdominal spines and abdominal boss very small. absent. Tailfan spines absent. 2 lateral propodal TeL/OCL 0.32-0.39 d. spine rows; 6-9 mesal propodal spines. 7-9 dorsal Chelae: Chelae intermediate in shape to very stout, small animals <20 OCL. Teeth apical propodal spines (specimens >30 OCL). elongate on some very well developed on specimens >30 OCL. Spines above propodal and dactylar cutting edges Propodus: 2 lateral propodal spine rows or 2 to 1 row in rows reaching full length of gape. Mesal dacty- condition on some specimens <20 OCL; lateral spines spines absent. Dorsolongitudinal carpal groove lar small and rather sharp. Lateral spine ridge vague or ab- spines, distalmost often shallow. 4-5 mesal carpal sent. 6-9 mesal propodal spines. 7-9 dorsal apical spines smaller than 2nd. Large mesoventral carpal spine. on normal chelae of specimens >30 OCL, usually 3-5 Keel Prl angled down, and close. Keel Pr3 and 4 on specimens 20-30 OCL and or 1 spine on specimens broad or very broad. TAP count 4.5-5.0. <20 OCL. 5-10 spines above cutting edge of specimens >30 OCL, 1-5 on smaller specimens; spines distributed 1 proximal spine Description. Maximum OCL: 50.8 mm. along full gape of chela, sometimes only medium-sized to Rostrum: Rather short, not reaching midlength of 3rd present on specimens <20 OCL; spines to medium on antennal segment. Rostral sides convergent or slightly con- large on specimens >30 OCL, small proximally. Dorsally, vergent, parallel on largest specimen; base divergent or lesser animals; spines usually largest spines lateral very divergent and carinae short and spread. 2-4 margi- 1-3 medium-sized spines and many smaller or medium-sized spines; ventrally, nal spines per side, distributed to or proximal to midlength to dactylar base, many small spines very close to cutting edge of or full length of carinae; spines medium-sized or small, 3-5 medium or small animals. rounded on specimens > 30 OCL, moderately pointed or propodus, spines vague or absent on very articulation; precar- rounded on smaller animals. Acumen spine slightly larger Spines absent proximal to dactylar than marginal spines. pal spines absent. d. PropL/OCL 0.76-0.97 i. PropW/PropL(0.38)0.44- OCL/CL 0.83-0.89 i. RW/OCL 0.14-0.20 Cephalon: Spination moderate on specimens >30 0.51. PropD/PropL 0.27-0.37. 5-9 above cutting edge of dactylus of OCL, weak on most smaller individuals, with several small Dactylus: spines 1-5 on smaller animals, rarely ab- spines below postorbital ridges. 1st postorbital spine an specimens >30 OCL, very small specimens; spines distributed along full edge to small on specimens >20 OCL, small or medium- sent on chela (sometimes 1 proximal spine on small speci- sized on specimens <20 OCL; 2nd postorbital spine edge gape of mens), spines medium-sized to small with largest spines or small edge. Suborbital spine medium-sized or large. or proximal. Some specimens >30 OCL with 1 or 2 extra Lateral margin of squame straight or slightly convex Mesal dactylar basal spines absent. concave; squame widest at or slightly distal to midlength dorsal dactylar spines. Apical mesal spines absent except on some regenerate che- and lacking marginal spines, lnterantennal spine elongate (one specimen with 1 apical dactylar spine on normally on large specimens, medium width on animals 30-40 OCL, lae proportioned chela, but dactylus also with additional dor- broad on many specimens < 30 OCL; spine margin rather 20 G. J. MORGAN gUT El C"' " 77w Ho,ot e no - ( yP < available ai time of illustration.) r,[ ^'-! A, dorsal vie* (paratvne a Mi Fin n.gan, QM W5324); B, rostrum: margins nearl parallel , " 5 , . Thorntons Peak. QM U 1 I « C r .U.eu nha" Ion (paratype a); D, more elongate interantennal spine and bifid coxopodite spine fDaraTvoe '-in , spme with 2 latera. spines per side ( 9 , Thorntons Peak); I, abdominal n d 2 la ,l SE , M P s.de of somt.e larger 3?SSM "" 1, Li spines (paratype or); G, zygocardiac ossicle (paratype or) CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 21 a); B, ventral view carpus illustrating large mesoyen- Figure 12 Euastacus robertsi. A, dorsal view chela (paratype or); sternal keel elongate, apical dactylar spine, (regenerate) (paratype D, tral spine'(paratype ct); C, chela: more (paratype o"). rounded. Keel after Pr3 spines atypi- ately edged, occasionally spine near propodal articulation; both sal often uneven. present, deep on some pronounced, cal of species). Dactylar groove Pr4: Scoops absent; posterior edges sharp and straight specimens <20 OCL. to convex; anterior edges angular. (0.42)0.45-0.58. DactL/PropL broad or very broad. shallow (deeper Processes 3 and 4 Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal groove very Setation: Moderate to light; setae short. regenerate chelae). 4-5 mesal carpal spines; dis- on some faint, on cephalon; very successive Punclalion: Dense, but rather talmost spine frequently smaller than 2nd, small or tiny dense on thorax. diminshing in size. Usually 1 or 2 spines 1 spread and Gastric mill: TAP count 4.5-5.0; TAA count .0; spines, sometimes vague. Articulation lateral carpal 6-7. small or 3.0-4.0. Urocardiac ridges spines absent. Ventral carpal spine dorsal carpal Dull blue-purple with a lon- spines (usually Coloration: "Colour in life: medium-sized. Several small ventromesal gitudinal red brown mark dorsally on the carapace and larger than ventral spine. 4-6), and mesoventral spine the tips of larger spines" (Monroe, 1977). Sexes: Males possess a cuticle partition. Only the lar- is ber- small female (OCL 50.8) has open gonopores and Merus: 7-12 small dorsal spines. Outer meral spine gest at sizes between ried; female maturity probably occurs or tiny. ventral edges 30 and 50 OCL. Keel: Prl: Posterior margins very sloped; (or slightly apart) and angled down; processes close Distribution and biology. The species is known only Sometimes slight blunt spine on keel parallel or closed. from elevations above 1000 m a.s.l. at Mt Finni- after Prl. Thornton Peak, 40 km and 80 km respec- after Pr2 usually gan and Pr2: Open or very open. Keel tively south of Cooktown, north Queensland. saddle-shaped. aspects of the sharp to moder- Monroe (1977) briefly described Pr3: Scoops absent; posterior edges i 22 (,. I MORi habitat a( the type locality and though no mention 22-27 Jan 1971, S.K. Montieth, AM P190I7, I9;D I was made of vegetation, it is probably tropical rain- ( k. I inn Vale,22 Mar 1973, QM V/7299, , forest. The berried female was collected in I20cl 1953, 1 .F. Rick. AM PI 3046, i H September. reviot Brook, near Cunninghams ' >ap. 2(< Mai 1980, QM O/8608, I -; I arm ' k,6l Ml I ollii i Remarks. /•.. I f. Monroe's (1977) description ol 1974, QM W5452, ( unni Nat Park, robertsi was detailed but the species is redesenbed nearpicnii area, B Ian 1972, QM V/5080. I r; Western I I I here to facilitate comparison with other species ol lop soft unni lap, 530 I 1948, Ri . AM P11929-P1193I, 3c, (types ol / cunninghami Euastacus and to document allometric variation in 19, Rick); rributary < k,< unningham Gap Nat Park, characters. Gap (2K 04'S. 152 2VI (.25 Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan and S J. Euastacus robertsi is known only I mm a small i -. (,.. Harder,. QM tt 10967, 2 , , ir 2nd pfc- aiea and little geographic variation is evident. nii area, ( luiningbams Gap 'sat part, (28 04'S, Specimens from I hornton Peak have less triangu 152 221 ). 2n Apr 1981, G.J Morgan and S.J. Harders. lar rostra and more elongate chelae than those horn QM W 10968, 2 -. 19. the type locality. NSW linndle Ck, Oi Bl pienic area, north ol Kyogle, (28 22'S, 153 031 ),28 Mat 1981. G I Morgan and Euastacus rukatus Kick Harders. AM P3410 Figures 13, 14 Diagnosis. Male cuticle partition present. Rostral spine row reaching proximal to midlength or full Astm opsis serratus. Watson, 1935: 235 (in pan. Ml length of carinae. Rostral base parallel to very I .mi i» it ine and I aim nr <>n National I'ark as localities) i divi I mac of medium length to long. An- / uastacus sulcaius Riek, 1951: }79. Rick. 1969: 895, -l tennal squame widcsr at, or i, midlength. » ptoxinjal b Euastacus cunninghami Riek, 1951 I 180 Kick. 1956: I. Rick, 1969: 895 Squamal Spines absent. Suborbital spine usually large or very large. I horacic spines usually absent Material examined Holotype. QJd, Buuia Burra, I anting or just discernible. General tubercles small to ton National Park, south-east Que n 1943, It medium-Sized and dense ( >4() ). 2-6 large or Rick. -, 'i OC1 a\i Pi 1921, o< I 78 mm, medium-sized Li spines on abdominal somite 2. I) /Mlotype I ype [a ality, AM PI 1922, ?, OC1 81.1 mm. spine absent or small. Abdominal boss present (ac- I i in . cented - iclsonic Paratypes. ype locality, la, 1 , AM colour), surface spines absent 2S specimens, lluna, I I P13030, limna Do 1943, I Ol small. Marginal spines on uropods absent. Rick, AM P1I924, Binna Hurra, l.m I .1 19; 1944, I Lat< odaJ spines in 2 to 1 row condition Rick. AM P11923, I t, 2S (sometimes almost 2 rows). ^-11 dorsal apical Other i specimens. Qld. Bell Bird I Binna Burra propodal spines. Spines above propodal and dac- C28 I2\S, 153 111 ). 2 Ma) 1981, G.J Morgan and S i u cutting edges apical (row rarcl> extending to Harden, •; < I QM W10970, I Davest I ountry, ai b midlength ol gape). Usuall) 5 mesa! propodal ton Nat. Park, Mar W7252, I 1976, QM , ; O'Reillj spines. 1-4 dorsal mesal I dactylar basal 0-2 amington Plateau, 1 -. Spines, 16 Mai 1969, QM W3066, I , : liesi marginal mesal ol All Lookout, Springbrook, 26 Dee 1973, QM dactylar basal spines. 2-5 apical , '••' 1 < icck near mesal W5092, ; lallanhana Entrance to dactylai spines. Dorsolongrtudinal groove ol Nat. Park, Springbrook, (28 us. 153 161 |,3Maj 1981, carpus deep. 2-3 mesal carpal spines. Ventromesal G.J, and Morgan S.J, Harders, QM W10974, 1 '.29; carpal spines smaller than spine, ventral keel Pi 1 \bove< ameron Palls, Ml ramborine, s fur 1941, E.l usuall) abrupt or semi-abrupt, and usually apart. r, i Rick, I , PI 1927, , AM 7 ami ron I alls and W I AC count 3.5-5.0. falls. Mi ramborine, 16 Mai 1942, 1 I . Rick. am P11926, 14c, 199; Cedai < k, roalah Nai Park, Mi m Maximum OC1 81.1 mm. I ramborine, 1981, I Maj G MorganandS I Harders, Rostrum: Rostrum reaching I a oi midlength ol 3rd QMW1097I, 2 chelae; Upper Currumbin i k, I 19 I, Od ant anal n 'incur on specimens .40O< 1 . distal to mi II Rick, I am P13054, , ; near Nerang R Nerai length on sp< some I cimens 20-401 K . to end oi segment Ian 1973, QM W3835, I ': Levers Plateau via Rath on some specimens • 20 CK I Rostral sides parallel or downey, 6 Oct 1973, I QM W6462, 9; Bordei I slightlj convergenl on specimens from Lamington Running and 14 Ck Ml Gipps, Api 1941, 1.1. Riek?, AM Plateau; in peripheral areas (Cunninghams clap, north- PI 1925, 9o*, 7 9,1 ' 9; Running Ck Falls, Qld NSV. ern New Smith Wales. Springbrook), sides often disimciK border, near Kyogle, 12 Apr 1941, AM P13462, 2 -; convergenl. Rostral base parallel to verj divergent, < a Queen Marys tails (at base), near Killainc\ (2s ol medium length to lone. Marginal spines ls2 241 ), 27 Apr num- 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders. bering t.ueK 3(ver) 2) to 5 per side, row reaching proximal (,)M WI0969, t\ 2 rributary Cronan Ck, Ml Barne; to midlength or to full carinae length; spine! medium- (28 iss, 152 421 ),2'* Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J sized on specimens -Ml (HI , ceneralK larger on Harders, W10973, smaller QM 2 ',39; Ball Mi. Ml Superbus, specimens; spines moderate!) pointed to sharp (rounded CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 23 ^;'. tf£3? : J fcef=V ,• \- or, Binna Burra, AM PI 1921); B, dorsal view: larger rostral Figure 13 Euastacus sukatus. A, dorsal view (holotype including small spine on somite 1 (rare), more setose, wider spines smaller abdominal D-L spines, larger D spines Cunninghams Gap, AM PI 1929, holotype for E. cunninghami); C, telson: small telsomc spines abdomen (sexual) ( 9 , (o-, BrindleCk, AM P34107). 24 (,. J. MORGAN Figure 14. Euastacus sutcatus. A, dorsal view chela (holotype /); B, dorsal vie* chela: less angular fewer awcal spines on propodus and daclylus (allometry), no spine laical to daclvlar base. 3 mesa] carpal spines (rare) ( Cun mnghamsGap, AM PI 1931, paratypeofi?. Cunningham* C, dactylusand mesal propodus: 2 dorsal mesal daaylar basal spines, spines above cutting edge more spaced, 6 mesal propodal spines, cm, a dorsal apical dactylar absent (allometry) spine (a, Mt Barney, QM W10973); 1). sygocardiac ossicle (secondary ridge near ear rare) (paraTvpe Binna Burra, AM P13O30, Francois 9 , collection); 1, ventral view cephalon (holotype a^ZtrTviTS- lon: single cusp on coxopodite spine, larger basipodite spine, broader interantennal spine ( 9 , Cunninghamsuuiungnams uap).Gap)- G, sternal keel (holotype CT); H, keel processes 3 and 4 (o-, Brindle Ck). ; CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 25 on one medium-sized specimen, probably due to wear). spine small or tiny and usually blunt or very blunt (rarely Acumen spine similar to, or slightly larger than, margi- moderately pointed). D spine usually absent on specimens nal spines on specimens >40 OCL, much larger on some from Lamington and northern N.S.W., better developed smaller crayfish. in western areas of species' range. Specimens <20 OCL OCL/CL 0.71-0.89 i. RW/OCL 0.14-0.25 d. usually lacking abdominal spines. Abdominal dorsal boss Cephalon: Cephalon spiny to poorly spinose, spination present on specimens >40 OCL and on some smaller poor on most small specimens. Usually 1-3 large spines specimens; boss not very pronounced, though often ac- and smaller spines and bumps ventral to postorbital ridge. cented by cream or white coloration. 1st postorbital spine usually medium-sized to large, rarely AbdW/OCL a 0.45-0.57, 9 0.45-0.64 i. OCL/L a small. 2nd postorbital spine small edge to small on speci- 0.32-0.45 i, 9 0.34-0.41 i. mens >40 OCL, often medium or large on smaller Tailfan: Telsonic spines usually absent on specimens animals. Suborbital spine usually large or very large, oc- in Lamington area, more common in western areas and casionally medium-sized. Lateral margin of squame northern N.S.W. When present, spines tiny to small slightly convex to slightly concave; squame widest at mid- (rarely medium-sized) and numbering 1-5; specimens <40 length or proximal to midlength on specimens >40 OCL, OCL usually lacking telsonic spines. Lateral telsonic always proximal to midlength on smaller animals; mar- spines and uropod spines absent, though setal bumps de- ginal spines absent. Interantennal spine of medium width veloped. Standard spines usually small to medium-sized, to broad on specimens >40 OCL, very broad on some large on some specimens <40 OCL. smaller animals; spine margins distinctly scalloped or TeL/OCL o- 0.30-0.45 d, 9 0.36-0.46. slightly to distinctly toothed. Antennal basipodite spine Chelae: Chelae intermediate to elongate in shape on absent or small on specimens >60 OCL, absent to large specimens >20 OCL, very elongate on some smaller on smaller specimens (very large on some <20 OCL); cox- animals. Teeth well developed on most specimens >40 opodite spine small to medium-sized and unimodal, bifid OCL. serrated. or Propodus: Lateral propodal spines in 2 to 1 row con- ScL/OCL 0.12-0.35 d. dition, sometimes almost 2 rows; some regenerate che- Thorax: Thoracic spines usually absent or just discer- lae with 2 rows and some specimens <20 OCL with single nible; sometimes 1-3 small or medium-sized, blunt to lateral row. Lateral spines medium-sized or large and moderately sharp spines behind cervical spines. General sharp. Outer spine ridge vague to obvious. Mesal propo- tubercles small to medium-sized on specimens > 20 OCL. dal spines usually numbering 5, sometimes 4 or 6; some very small or absent on smaller animals; tubercles dense regenerate chelae with 7 spines. 3-11 dorsal apical propo- or very dense on specimens >40 OCL, sparse to dense dal spines on specimens >60OCL, 2-8 on specimens 40- on specimens 20-40 OCL and sparse to absent on animals 60 OCL, 0-8 on animals 20-40 OCL, on specimens <20 <20 OCL. Usually 1-4 cervical spines per side, sometimes OCL. On large specimens, dorsal apical spine row often absent especially on smaller specimens; spines medium- reaching proximal of dactylar base. 2-5 spines above cut- sized or small and moderately pointed or blunt, dorsal ting edge of specimens >60 OCL, 0-3 on smaller speci- spine frequently larger and sharper than others. mens; spines apical (row rarely extending to midlength ArL/OCL 0. 36-0.43. CaW/OCL 0.52-0.62. ArW/OCL of gape) and large to medium-sized on large animals, 0.13-0.23 d. CaD/OCL 0.46-0.61 d. medium to small on small individuals; specimens <20 spines above cutting edge. Usually I medium Abdomen: D-L spine present or absenl on somite 1 OCL lacking (specimens <20 OCL always lacking spine); spine large lo very large spine lateral to dactylar base dorsally, some- spines to tiny, smallest on small animals, and very sharp to blunt. times 2-3 spines or spines absent; often joining ap- blunt ical propodal spines. Usually some low bumps on outer D spine usually absent on somite 1 , small or tiny and 4-10 dactylar base, when present. Somite 2 with 2-6 (usually 4 or 5) Li spines spine ridge. Ventrally, spines lateral to propodus specimens >40 per side on most specimens >20 OCL; Li spines absent in row reaching distally along on 3-5 OCL from the Lamington area and northern N.S.W. on most smaller animals . I Li spine on somites of specimens >40 OCL and most 20-40 OCL. Li spines similarly sized animals from western areas (eg. Cunnin- animals 20- decreasing posteriorly from large to medium-sized or small ghams Gap) usually with fewer spines (1-7); 1-8 most numerous on specimens on large specimens and medium-sized or small to tiny on 40 OCL with spines, sometimes small animals; spines sharp or very sharp on specimens in the Lamington area. Specimens <20OCL Frequently 1 or 2 ventral apical propodal >40 OCL, very sharp to blunt on smaller animals. Lii lacking spines. small spine posterior to dactylus, fre- spines usually absent on somite 2, though 1-3 spines some- spines. Sometimes bumps. Precarpal spines usually times present. Somites 3-5 usually with 1-3 Lii spines, quently only low ridge or with 1-2 small bumps). sometimes absenl especially on small crayfish. Somite 6 absent (some regenerate chelae with 0-2 Lii spines. Lii spines large to tiny, generally lar- PropL/OCL 26 (, I MORGAN spines. l-3(rarely 4) dorsal mesal dactylar basal spines, or while. Propodus white laterally, Often with dark o dm some regenerate chelae and specimens <20 CW I - mottling, grading to dark blue mesally on 1 P.; red with 0-1 (rarely 2) marginal mesal dactylar basal spine",, more white mottling in N.S.Vt en or brown in west. frequently on specimens from areas peripheral to I amine Dactylus whiti with basi blue on I .P.; base red in I ton. Basal spines medium-sized to very large, usual!; N.s.w ; base green iii west Ingen white or cream. 2-5 rather sharp, (usually 4) apical mesal daclylui spines. Body blue and white centrally On I P orange and (Apical and basal mesal spines sometimes forming irregu white in N.S.W,, red and west, (arpus of che- lar row.) Daclylar gioove shallow oi distinct, deep on liped dark blue mesally and white laterally (or blue with small specimens. lateral whiti patch) on L. P.; red in N.s. v. jreen Dad I , 1'iopl 0.47 0.59(0.60). mesally and orange laterally in west. Propodus primar- < arpus: Dorsolongiludinal groove deep. Usually 2oi ily white with mesal blue area on I .P., white with red "• 2( I I) mesal carpal spines, occasionally 3 distinct spines. mesally in N.S \\ ., orange with in wesi Distalmosl spine largest and usually slightly more ven I ateral spine • w hiti I ingers pale or white. tral than 2nd; 2nd and ird spines frequent]) contiguous ( oiouis ot western crayfish often ob at then bases. Lateral carpal spines medium-sized to large and debris attached 10 i tat Dislmcl blues and red on specimens -kmk i , small on some kssei individuals. adult crayfish (I .P., N.S.W.) poorly develi Articulation I in spine usually absent on spedmens >40O< , o( I liny to large on some smalla animals. Dorsal carpal spines Sexes: Males possess a wide cuticle partition \ small .absent except on some chelae. regenerate Ventral carpal male (OCL 26.8 mm) from Qui I alls extruded spine large oi very large (small > small wiih I .1 smallei spin.". I w o 1 1 1 Mcrus: 7-12 dorsal meial spines, Outci nier.il )i I in limit' Hi, - I ol 20 k>( K p (I sol W '',md )9.3mm) medium sized (rare]) small) to largi and thi la ter i b rried. rhis is rather a small matui Keel: Prl: i Posterioi abrupt i margins usually i to mi il tion b . relative!) large species. However, abnipl (occasionally sloped). Ventral profil lightly an- I the majorit) offemah i 40O< have unopen gono- gled back, rounded, rial oi angled down, Processes Niii, fi pores. ol 12 males 40-60 OCI i -60 tii'.iin. , slight!) to iK .ip.n ii,i,, ,,n . me lat ge spe i I M I appeal mature II ,le maturat. usualK parallel i oi losed in orientation, keel aftei Pi i usually occurs ai OCI S ol '" 60 mm. occasional!) « ith low , blunt spine Distribution and biology. The species Pr2: Usually open; ii almost parallel, processes di inhabits linctly apart. Keel aiiei Pr2 usual!-, anti riorl mountains forming t crescent from Ml Tamborine pronounced, sometimes slightly saddle shaped to the I amington Plateau in southern Queensland, Pr3: Scoops oi she in. absent bases sharp I iinded west along the McPherson Range bordering New keel aftei Pi 1 usual]) saddle shaped in I i gti man South Wales and north via C unninghsnu dap into postei ioi I) pronoun ed m.u I jnningham i lap Inter- the Mistake Mountains. Majoi drainage systen mediate shapes common. Keel very pro incedonmosi include the Nerang, Albeit. I ogan and possibly tli specimens 40 OI I Brisbane, Riven flowing n< >rth and cast, the Pt4: Usually lat oi Con- king with onl) slight scoop ;, sharp damine River flowing west and the Richmond River to moderately rounded; anteriot edges angulat to very angular PostehOI profile USUaJl sometimes in New South Wales, k. relic population of i ml straight oi slightly convex. catus iiuiv persist on Mt \\ arning, drained by the I'm, esses J and 4 narrow oi jusi n specimens I weed Rivet / UOStdCUS wlcatUS appears restricted i •40 Oi . often distinctly broad on smalla animals. in Streams bordered by ruinloiest or occasionally Setetion: I ighl to rathei heavy in east, western speci' wet sclerophyll at altitudes exceeding 300 m a.s.l., mens more heav ily setose. rareh at lower elevations. The Nerang specimen Punctation: Dense oi very dense, pores often Fainl on was probably washed cephalon. downstream during the seasonal heavy Gastric rams. Much ok the natural vegeta- mitt: rAP count J.5 5 I \-\ 0; count 1.0 I S; s 1 been cleared in the species' range spread 2.5 1.5 (rarely 4.0), Urocardia< ridges II. in- and large creasing with specimen si/e. Stands ol highland rainforest remain only in state Coloration. forests and Body brighl blue oi blui green dorsall) national parks, i emales bear eggs over on I amington (I Plateau P.) specimens, deep red in New winter, with hatching probably in spring and sum- South Wales, dark red, blown in west. C arapace paler mer. Euastacus mlcatus frequently has been ob- ventrolaterally (often almost white on I .P.). Pale patches served walking overland from streams. A species on dorsal cephalon. General tubercles and cephalic spines ol ( hena OCCOrs in creeks at lower altitudes, the pale, often white. Rostral carinae pale. Abdominal doi boundary between the two genera often closely cor- sal boss often pale on large specimens, frequent!) white. relating with the dry scleiophv II Abdominal spines white. -rainforest ecotone. Carpus ol cheliped blue on I .P., red in N.s.w., blue green 01 green brown in west; dis Remarks. Euastacus cunninghami was described bv lal and lateral carpal edges Often while; mesal spines blue Rick (1951) on the basis of specimens from only CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 27 the type locality of Cunninghams Gap. The spe- Material examined. Holotype. Qld, Wyberba(h), south 86.3 mm. cies is here synonymised with E. sulcatus on the Queensland, E. Sutton, NMV J877, 9 , OCL Other specimens. Qld, Bald Rock Ck, Wyberba, 19 Nov basis of morphologically intermediate populations south-east 1952, QM W1835, 1 9 ; Girraween Nat. Park, from sites along the "Scenic Rim" of mountains Nat. Queensland, Feb 1967, QM W5093, 1 9 ; Girraween partitioning Queensland and New South Wales. 1 Park, in creek in caves, 7 Dec 1971, QM W5081, 9 \ populations the respective type locali- Even from Glenalpin, 8 miles from Stanthorpe, tributary of Severn ties are not distinguishable by Riek's diagnostic Gawith, R., 1936, AM PI 1920, 1 9 ; Lyra, May 1912, W. characters of setation, thoracic ornamentation and AM P3075-P3077, P3084, 3o\ 39- abdominal spination. Many of the apparent differ- NSW. Bald Rock Ck, Bald Rock Nat. Park, (28°51'S, ences were probably due to comparison of animals 152°02'E), 31 Mar 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, , ; Washpool Ck, near Thunderbolts of different sizes. AM P33888, 2a 3 9 Hideout, north of Tenterfield, (28°58'S, 152°04'E), 1 Apr Euastacus sulcatus is a variable species. Fre- ff; 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33906 , 3 quently the carinae bases of southern forms are Bluff R., New England Highway near Bluff Rock, more nearly parallel than are those of specimens (29°12'S, 152°01T2), 2 Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. spines are always small in the east. D abdominal Harders, AM P33904, 4c; Poverty Point, 3000 ft, 15 or absent, but usually better developed in the west. miles south-east of Tenterfield, Dec 1973, QM W6463, better developed in western 1 of Highland Home Telsonic spines are the ff , 2 9 ; Scrubby Gully, headwaters area than in the east, though spines are small or Ck, 4 miles north-north-west of Torrington, New England 1 R., 10 upstream tiny when present. Dorsal apical propodal spines District, AM P15535, 9 ; Deepwater km England Highway, Mar 1981, D. Dye, Iff, 1 9; and ventral spines lateral to the dactylar base are of New Deepwater R., near Ten Mile, east of Deepwater, more numerous in the eastern areas, though this (29°30'S, 152°04'E), 12 Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. size effects. Marginal mesal dacty- is partly due to near Dundee, Harders, AM P33903, 4c, 2 9 ; Severn R., basal spines are more common in western forms. lar north of Glen Innes, 1922, AM P5673, Iff; Gibraltar The shapes of keel processes 3 and 4 vary consider- Range Nat. Park, 9 Dec 1972, QM W6468, 1 9 ; Bound- ably across the species' range, as does the profile ary Ck, Gibraltar Range Nat. Park, (29°33'S, 152°16'E), of the keel between these processes. Setation is 2 Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33907, with Waratah Ck, Gibraltar generally heavier in the west. Gastric mill TAP 1 ff ; Dandahra Ck at junction Apr 1981, G.J. counts are usually higher in the east, due to longer Range Nat. Park, (29°32'S, 152°19'E), 3 ff, 1 Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33887, 1 9 ; Swamp zygocardiac ears. near Waratah Trig sign beside Gwydir Highway, Gibral- The major variation within E. sulcatus is that of tar Range Nat. Park, (29°30'S, 152°I9'E), 3 Apr 1981, populations are overall colour forms. Western G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33890, lc, 2 9; green/brown; the northern New South Wales popu- Coombadja Ck, below Waratah Trig, Gibraltar Range lation of Brindle Ck is distinctly red, while the Nat. Park,(29°30'S, 152°18'E), 3 Apr 1981, G.J. Morgan Lamington and Springbrook populations are bright and S.J. Harders, AM P33905. 2c, 39- blue or blue/green. There is some variation from partition present. Row of these three basic colour forms, but the colour pat- Diagnosis. Male cuticle spines usually not reaching mid- terns are very similar throughout the range of the rostral marginal Rostral base slightly to very species. In particular, the paler and white areas are length of carinae. divergent, carinae of medium length to long. An- similar in all populations. tennal squame widest at or slightly proximal to mid- It appears that the blue Lamington Plateau Squamal spines absent. crayfish attain a greater size than those elsewhere. length (>40 OCL). Thoracic No specimens > 60 OCL have been collected from Suborbital spine medium-sized to large. 60 OCL). General western areas but sampling has not been intensive. spines medium-sized to large (> medium-sized or large, moderate to sparse The apparently larger sizes of eastern crayfish may tubercles density. 3-6 medium-sized or large Li spines on be due in part to greater exposure of these animals in somite 2(>40 OCL). Medium-sized or to human observation and collecting. abdominal small D spine usually present on somites 2-5 (>40 suttuni Clark Euastacus OCL), sometimes several on somite 6. Abdominal 4-12 medium-sized Figures 15, 16 boss present but not obvious. to tiny telsonic surface spines (>40 OCL). Outer 237-238 (in Astacopsis serratus. -McCuMoch, 1917: ramus of uropod lacking marginal spines. Lateral pari, Lyra near Stanthorpe, Qld, as locality). propodal spines in 2 to 1 row condition. Usually Euastacus nobilis. -Clark, 1936: 15-17 (in part, Stan- 1 dorsal apical propodal spine (variable). Spine thorpe, Old, as locality). rows above propodal and dactylar cutting edges not Euastacus suttoni Clark, 1941: 18-19, pl.5.-Clark and reaching midlength of gape. 5 (rarely 6) mesal Burnet, 1942: 90-91.- Riek, 1951: 381-Riek, 1969:895. 28 G. J. MORGAN *>« B Figure 15. Euaslacus sultoni. A, dorsal view (holotype . Wyberba, 9 NMV J877); B, rostrum ( 9 , Gibraltar Range, P33890); rostrum: more elongate C, . R.. AM ( 9 Deepwater AM P34082); 1). ventral vie« cephalon (holotype 9); [., interantennal spine and coxopodite spines Deepwater ( 9 , R.); F, abdominal somite 2: more numerous Li spines^ single D spine per side, narrower (sexual) (o\ Gibraltar Range, AM P33890); G, zygocardiac ossicle (holotype Francois collection); H, zygocardiac ossicle: teeth closer (o\ Coombadja Ck, AM P33905). CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 29 dorsal view dactylus: 2 marginal mesal basal Figure 16. Euastacus suttoni. A, dorsal view chela (holotype 9 ); B, (cr, R., P34082); D, R.); dactylus: row of marginal spines (regenerate) Deepwater AM spines ( 9 , Deepwater C, spine absent Gibraltar Range); E, carpus and proximal propodus: precarpal spines present, 3rd mesal carpal ( 9 , Deepwater R.). sternal keel (a, Gibraltar Range); F, keel Pr4: broader (allometry) (9, midlength of carinae, occa- basal 3), row usually not reaching spines. 1 dorsal mesal dactylar propodal on specimens <20 OCL. 2- sionally distal to midlength spine. 0-3 marginal mesal dactylar basal spines. Spines small to medium-sized and moderately pointed to mesal dactylar spines. Dorsolon- 3 (rarely 4) apical rounded on specimens >40 OCL, approaching large and deep. 2 (rarely 3) mesal gitudinal groove of carpus sharp on smaller crayfish, particularly those from spine carpal spines. Largest ventromesal carpal southern areas. Acumen spine similar to, or slightly larger smaller than ventral spine. Keel Prl usually semi- than, marginal spines on specimens >40 OCL, often abrupt and apart to close. TAP count 5.5-9.5. much larger on smaller animals. OCL/CL 0.76-0.88 i. RW/OCL 0.14-0.26 d. Description. Maximum OCL 86.3 mm. Cephalon: Spination moderate to weak, with 1-3 sharp Rostrum: Rostrum reaching midlength of 3rd anten- postorbital ridges. 1st sometimes distal spines and smaller bumps below nal segment on specimens >40 OCL, postorbital spine an edge on specimens >60 OCL, usually midlength of segment on small crayfish. Rostral sides to animals. 2nd postorbi- convergent; base medium-sized or large on smaller parallel to convergent, usually slightly spine a small edge to small on crayfish >20 OCL, very divergent, sometimes parallel on tal usually slightly to specimens. not medium-sized or large on some very small specimens. Carinae of medium length to long, small usually slightly commonly 2- Suborbital spine medium-sized to large, spread. 1-4 marginal spines per side (most 30 G. I MORGAN curved inwards. Lateral margin ol squame convex to Taitfan: Medium-sized to tiny surface spines on tclson straight; squame widest ai or slight!) proximal to mid- ,,i 40O< L, often ibsent on smaller animals | length on • i I in. I M )( I specimens >40CK , very proximal on speci- rpri in on animals 20 Pelsonic spines mens <20OCl ; marginal spines absent (one spa imen numbering 4-12, usuall) most numi rayf- with spine on one squame only). Interantennal spine elon- ish. Southern specimens (eg. from Gibraltar Range) I gate on specimens >60CX , broader on smallei crayl i ually with more spinose telsons than northern cr ish and sometimes very broad on annuals • 20 OCL; ish. Person usuall;. with 1-3 marginal spines per side, margin scalloped or slightly toothed (usually 2 small spines absent on mOSl specimens <40 OCL. Inner ramus of in .ii apex), •\iilennal basipodite spine absent or small on uropod sometimes with 1-2 small to tiny surface spmes specimens »40 OC1 . often medium-sized or large on (often absent). I sually 3-6 marginal spines on inner ramus smallei specimens. Coxopodite spine usually medium to ot specimens >40O< I , vague or absent below this small, large on some animals - 40 Ol I , usually bifid Or Outer ramus lacking marginal spines, SOOT bun serrated. present. Standard spines small to medium ii to )( I ( . lai eei bl low this si/e. Sel (HI 0.12-0.31 d. lei o< I • 0.31-0.46 d, . 0.34 43 on specimens >60OCl . smaller on lesser crayfish; spines tral row usuall) well developed but sometii n on blunt to very sharp (not correlating closely with crayfish fish and regenerate chelae, I ateral spmes si/e). General tubercles large to medium-sized on speci- mm tized oi tmall u ually sharp. I sually 5 mi mens > 60 OCL, smaller on smallei animals, crayfish <20 propodal I spines, son i 6 spines on regenerate OC1 often lacking general tubercles; density usually chelae, 4 on some ver) small crayfish). Usually 1 apical moderate to sparse. 1-3 cervical spines pei side; spines spine on cr 60 OCL, less evident or absent below small to large and blunt to sharp (dorsalmost spine usually litis size (mosi Gibraltar k imens lacking apical largei and sharper than others). spine, regardless Ol Size), I 3 spmes above cutting edge Ail OC1 0.33 0.38. CaW Ol I 0.55 ArU oi I 0.62 Ol specimen- .40 0(1 . tcuci or absent on smallei crayl 0.13-0.21 d. CaD/0< I 0.49-0.56 d. ish; spine row not reachin Ii of gape of coda, Ibdomen: 1 Somite with m o sharp D-l spine d). Dor- on specimens -60 ot 1 smallei and man) specii sally, usually I medium dzed to lai ee spine and low outer absenl on animals 20OCL. Rarel) D spine on bumps lateral to dactylar base, Jly absenl I somite 2 with 3-6 Li spines per side on I specimens 10 especiall; on rayfi h 20 0< . Ventrally, 1-4 spines smallei 1 I OC1 .04 on era) fish; i spine on somites 3-5, Isr-.'. lai . ,>ii speci- except on -4(1 some small | animals; Li mens Oi I ... to medium- . tISI cimens; sized and sharp to modei at el) pointed on crayfish 10 tance along finger. Some- OC1 .smaller i and blunter on smaller crayfish ii times low ridge or bumps proximal to dactylar base; often developed t well on sonnies (,, 1-4 side. i numbering per ) precarpal spines, besi developed on southern crayfish. higher numbers most commonly on somite 3 ol large Prop! OC1 M i. PropW Propl 0.39 specimens; In spines huge to small on specimen Propl ii 25-0J1 OC1 , tin) 01 absent on smallei spines specimens; ver) Dactylus: I suall) 12 spun- speci- sharp on large : specimens, bluntei on small animals i i> i •< mens -40 I I (up to 4 spmes on rev elae); spine usually on somites 2-3; sometimes 2 D-l spines pel spine row nol leaching midla side on somites 4 6, particular!) on specimens -60< M l specimen with 3 spines along full one chela); D-l spines large to very small, very sharp to n spmes small to medium sized. Crayfish <40 OCL often pointed, often tiny and very blunt on specimens 40 lacking spines aben v< extra dorsal s| Ot I I) spines usually present on somites 2-5 ol Crayf- 1 dorsal tnesal basal spine (absent on some regenerate ish >40 OC1 ; I) spines usuall) single but sometimes 4 chelae) 0-3 n iesal basal spines, southern speci- pa side on somite 5 of huge spines crayfish, n poorl) mens often with more numerous marginal basal spmes developed on somite absent •- 6, on specimens 60OC! , than those From Queensland. Basal spmes larg I) spmes medium-sized to small on large crayfish, tin) i, usually sharp 2-3 (rarely 4) apical d on small specimens and ver) sharp to ver) blunt Somite lai spmes Dactylai groove shallow, or deep on some small 6 rather spiny on large specimens, usually with s< era) fish. small D and spines. D-L Spinal development pool on Dactl PropL 0.51-0.60. crayfish < 40 OCL, specimens <20OCI usually lack- Carpus: Doisolongiuidinal groove deep. L sually 2 ing abdominal spines. Specimens from Deepwatei with mesal carpal spines, sometimes Z(+l) tone large S] better development of D-l and L) spines than similarly men with 3 on both carpi); distalmos) spine largest and sized crayfish elsewhere. I ow dorsal boss on very large onl) slightly offset ventrally to 2nd 2 large to medium specimens, very vague or absent on crayfish < 80 AbdW/OCl 0.48-0.56 i c d, y 0.51-0.65 OC1 1 non spme on specimens < 60 OC1 . 1-3 dorsal carpal 0.34-0.44 i. spines on some specimens (usually absent). Ventral car- CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 31 pal spine very large to medium-sized. 1-3 ventromesl water swamps in predominantly granite country at spines, largest medium-sized or small, always smaller than elevations above 680 m a.s.l. (usually above 1000 ventral spine. m). Much of the range has been cleared for pasture Merus: 6-9 dorsal meral spines (occasionally more on but the natural vegetation of open sclerophyll and regenerate chelae, fewer on some very small specimens). heath persists in places, especially along creeks and Outer meral spine absent or small to medium-sized on in national specimens >40 OCL, sometimes large on smaller crayfish. parks and state forests. Euastacus sut- Keel: Prl Posterior toni appears tolerant of clearing : margins sloped on one large crayf- and grazing prac- ish, usually semi-abrupt, abrupt on some specimens. Ven- tices. Very small juveniles (<10 mm OCL) were tral profile angled, rounded or flat; processes close, found in April, indicating hatching only a few slightly apart or apart; orientation usually parallel, some- months earlier, possibly December or January. times closed. Keel after Prl sometimes with low bump Cherax sp. was frequently collected downstream or spine. of E. suttoni. Pr2: Orientation almost parallel to open; processes projecting steeply from keel. Keel after Pr2 low or slightly Remarks. Euastacus suttoni is a rather invariable pronounced, lacking definite spines. species, attributable in part to the fairly constant Pr3: Lateral profiles sharp to moderate, lacking or with habitat across its range, without major geographi- only very gradual scoop. Keel after Pr3 usually low or cal barriers. Southern specimens have slightly larger recessed on large crayfish, moderately pronounced on cervical and abdominal spines. Specimens from small specimens. Gibraltar Range display slightly spinier telsons and Pr4: Lateral profile sharp to moderate with scoops slight or absent; anterior margin very angular to angu- uropods than northern populations, have a larger lar; posterior margin convex to straight, sometimes spine lateral to the dactylar base dorsally, gener- irregular. ally lack a dorsal apical propodal spine and often Processes 3 and 4 very narrow on specimens >40 OCL, possess more elongate chelae. Northern specimens broader on small crayfish. (e.g., from the type locality near Stanthorpe and Setalion: Light. Bald Rock) have low TAP counts of 5.5-6.0 and Punctation: Moderate to dense. spreads of 4.5-5.0. The teeth are closer and the ear Gastric mill: TAP count 5.5-9.5 (TAP counts partly longer in the south; dissected specimens from Bluff correlate with increasing specimen size); TAA count 1.0 and Deepwater Rivers south of Tenterfield have (rarely 0.5 or 1 .5); spread 4.5-8.5 (largely determined by counts of 5.5-7.0 spreads 4.5-6.0. the TAP count). Zygocardiac ear shorter on small crayf- TAP and of In ish. Urocardiac ridges 8-12 (increasing with size). the south-east of the species' range (Gibraltar Coloration: Body very dark red or green, often almost Range), TAP counts are 7.5-9.0 and spreads are black dorsally, slightly paler ventrolateral^. Thoracic 6.5-8.5. This variation represents a distinct cline spines tipped with red or orange, often orange patches in tooth counts. on lateral cephalon. General tubercles red or orange. Ros- The cephalothoracic background colour of tral spines red. L and D-L abdominal spines red, D spines northern specimens is less distinctly deep red/black, often deep purple. Carpus and propodus of cheliped simi- being more a deep olive green, than southern lar in colour to cephalothorax, propodus often crimson crayfish. with green mottling laterally. Chela spines usually red. Finger tips orange or red. Euastacus valentulus Riek Body red and orange ventrally, tinged in places with green. Carpus of cheliped very dark green mesally, red Figures 17, 18 or orange laterally. Propodus bright red with mesal edge Potamobius serratus —White, 1850: 96 (in part, Rich- dark red/green and dark mottling basally. Fingers red. mond R. as locality?). Sexes: Males possess a cuticle partition, and mature at Euastacus valentulus Riek, 1951: 380. -Riek, 1956: 20-40 OCL (spermatophores present). I. -Riek, 1969: 896, figs 16E, 20A-D, H-J. Females develop open gonopores at 40-60 OCL; all >60 OCL are mature. Material examined. Allotype: Qld, upper reaches of Cur- rumbin Creek, southeast Queensland, 1 Oct 1953, E.F. Distribution and biology. The known range of E. Riek, AM PI 3038, 9, OCL 49.4 mm. suttoni extends from the Stanthorpe area in Other specimens: Qld. Upper reaches of Currumbin Ck, 1 Oct 1953, E.F. Riek, P13037, 7a, 3F; Upper southern Queensland, 120 km south along the AM Currumbin Ck, (28°14'S, 153°22'E), 5 May 1981, G.J. Great Divide to Dundee near Glen Innes, and along Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W10975, 1 o- and a chela. the eastern spur of the Gibraltar Range. The spe- NSW. Teven Ck, 2 miles from Teven near Ballina, 28 cies inhabits tributaries of the Severn and Sep 1954, A. Racek, AM P15521, 1 9 ; Stream below Vic- drain- Dumaresque Rivers (Darling River system), toria Park, inland from Ballina, 8 Oct 1962, JCY, AM Clarence ing to the west, and tributaries of the P14623, 1 o", 19; Minyan Falls near Rosebank, Lismore River to the east, occurring in streams and cold area, 11 Jan 1958, E.F. Riek, AM PI 5730, 2o\ 1 9 ; Wil- 12 (, I \K)K(,AN Figure I Euastaius valtntulus A. dorsal view (allotype , , Currumbin Ck, \M PI 3038); B, rostrum morenumerous spines, more elongate (allometry) , Falls, | , Minyan wi P 1 5730); C, ventral cephalon (allotype ?);D interanten na and bifid coxopodite spines i;, Korrumbyn Ck, wi i P33912); . zygocardiac ossicle (allotype i , incois collection); F, zygocardiac eai slightly longer » Brunswick . ( , R Uvl P33918); G. abdominal somites 5 and 6 laraei spines (.iIIihik-ii\ )(o, \\ lis, .us i k) CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 33 in spine, Figure 18. Euastacus valentulus. A, dorsal view chela (allotype 9 ); B, chela: more elongate, 1 apical propodal fewer spines above dactylar cutting edge, spine lateral to dactylar base very small (all largely allometry) (a, Minyon Ck). Falls, AM P15730); C, sternal keel (a, Brunswick R.); D, keel Pr2: broad, very open (9, Wilsons sons Ck, south of Mullumbimby, Sep 1980, R. Wilesmith, of carinae. Rostral base divergent, carinae of of Mullumbimby, (28°38'S, long. Antennal squame widest 1 o- , 1 9 ; Wilsons Ck, south medium length to 153°28'E), 2-4 Sep 1981, C.I. Morgan and S.J. Harders, at slightly or distinctly proximal to midlength. 2a; Doon Doon Ck, 28 Jun 1979, 2a; Mt Warning, 26 Squamal spines absent. Suborbital spine large or 1 KorrumbynCk, foot of Mt Mar 1967, QM W2861, 9; very large. Thoracic spines large (>40 OCL). Warning, (28°24'S, 153°19'E), 25 Mar 1981, G.J. Morgan General tubercles large or medium-sized, moder- and S.J. Harders, AM P33912, la, 19; Back Ck, Un- ate to sparse in density. 2-4 large Li spines on ab- umgar State Forest, (28°26'S, 152°43'E), 29-30 Mar 1981, dominal somite 2. D Abdominal spine usually G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33914, la, 49; Abdominal boss poorly developed. Usually Boomi Ck, Edinburgh State Forest, (28°27'S, 152°39'E), absent. sometimes 30 Mar 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM 2-5 small or tiny telsonic surface spines, (28°17'S, lacking spines. Lateral propodal P33911, 1 9; Couchy Ck, north of Chillingham, absent. Uropod Harders, 153°16'E), 4 May 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. spines in 2 to 1 row condition. 1-3 dorsal apical AM P33909, la, 19; Upper Brunswick R., near Nullum propodal spines. Spines above propodal and dac- 153°24'E), 2 Sep 1981, G.J. State Forest, (28°29'S, tylar cutting edges usually apical. Usually 5 mesal S.J. Harders, AM P3391 8, la, 19; Rocky Morgan and propodal spines. Dorsal and marginal mesal dac- Ck, Whian Whian State Forest, (28°36'S, 153°21'E), 5 tylar basal spines absent. 3-4 apical mesal dactylar Sep 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, AM P33917, Dorsolongitudinal groove of carpus deep. Ck, Whian Whian S.F., (28°34'S, spines. 1 9 ; Tributary Rocky 2 (rarely 3) mesal carpal spines. Ventromesal carpal 153°20'E), 5 Sep 1981, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, Keel Prl AM P33910, la. spines much smaller than ventral spine. count Diagnosis. Male cuticle partition present. Rostral semi-abrupt to sloped, and apart. TAP marginal spine row reaching proximal to midlength 2.5-3.5. 34 (,. I. MORGAN Description. Maximum OCL: 91.1 ram. absent on smaller crayfish. I 1 spines decreasing in Rostrum: Rostrum broad, reaching beyond base, some posteriorly, vei or medium-si/cd on speci- I i' times beyond midlength, of 3rd antenna! segment; some mens >60Ol in 1 medium or small on specimens specimens <40 OCL with rostrum reaching to end or 40-60 OCI and medium 10 small or tiny on smaller distal to end oi segment. Rostral sides parallel oi slightly animals; spines very sharp to moderate on specimens >40 convergent; base slightly to distinctly divergent, carinae OCL, sharp to blunt on specimens 20-40 OCI In p oi medium length to long. Marginal spines numbering absent on somites 2 and 3, sometimes pre uiites 3-6 per side, tow in reaching proximal to midlength or 4 and 5. and I or 2 Lii spines presenl on somite ft ot speci- almost full length ot carinae; spines medium-sized to mens -20 OCL; Lii spines large to medium-sized and large, usually moderately pointed to sharp (one very large very sharp on largest specimen, medium-sized to tiny and Spe< nnen with rounded spines, probably due to abrasion). moderately pointed to Mum on others. D-l spine on spine slightly Acumen to I much larger than marg spines somite 2 of most specimens >20O< I (absent on smaller on specimens >4() very much I OCL, largo on BIO miens in 20-40 Ot I range); spin uhse- smaller specimens. quent somites of specimen. leix I and many smaller OCI /(I, 0.72-0.83 i. RW/OCT 0.16-0.23 d. specimens (one specimen with 2 small D-L spines on ( 'ephalon: Cephalon moderately spun to very spin) on somite (1). D-l spines vers largi tO mall and very sharp specimens >20 OC1 , some very small crayfish _ poor! on specimens >60O< 1 i.n to tiny and sharp to blunt spinose; usually 1 or 2 large spines and smaller bumps on crayfish 10-60 OCL, medium-sized der- ventral to postorbital ridges 1st postorbital spine medium ate to very blunt on smaller specimens. I) spine usually sized to large, very large some specimens on <20OCL. absent, 1 ill sizes with small to tins 2nd postorbital spine a small edge 10 ii"l '."i on specimen blunl spine on some somites I ow I dorsal ab- OCL, medium or large on some smaller spo imens Subor- dominal best 011 lome specimens > 60 OCL, vague or bital spine large or very large and obviously curved in- It on smaller animal: wards, I ateral margin of antennal squame comes to AbdVt - OCI 19 56 i, , ^2 64 i; OCT I slightly concave; squamc widest slightly proximal to mid- 0.34 0.41 i. length on largest specimen, distinctly proximal on n 2 5 scry small or tiny teutonic surface specimens and vers proximal on some small crayfish; mar spin. i nuns 2d' . ginal spines tgh largest specimen absent. Inlertinicnii.il i spin I id, lacking spines. M u [inal pine on tel on and on some specimens . , 20 OCT ; n Hop d absent, outi i n ods merely bumpy. Stan- tOOthed. Antennal basipodite spine small to medium sized dard spun on specimens >40 largt OCL, ot ery lai to I lei ii ti smaller specimens, coxopodite ipine mall to medium OCI '4 d sized on specimens >60 OC1 . small to large on lesser longateto 11 developed specimens usually ',', and weakly bifid I ted n 60 OCL. Scl OCI 0.13 (i 33 d. lai spines in 2 to I ro* Tnorax: Approximately 5-13 thoracic spines pei side dition, ventral row often po pecimens excepl On some very small specimens lacking spines. ncrale chelae and pi n n 2(1 Spin'.', large on specimens -4(io( i , <,( medium sized 10 l with row I ateral spines -mall small on lesser crayfish; sharp to hlunt spines on raosl harp on specimens )( I .601 , large specimens (dorsal spines often broad and flat); spines tens, I ateral spine ridge vague or blunter on smaller animals and usuall) rounded 01 flat absent I sually 5 mesal propodal spines; si ner- when present on specimens 20 Spi OCI ii" n- < 40 k I with 4 cm 6 in /one oi i approximately I 2 rows ' m ral tubi i I 111 T ;is >60 OCL. to medium-sized on specimens >20O( L, small ot 60CW i h b icspe- specimens - small on 20 0< I , absent 01 r< tenerate and lOCL) dividuals; tubercle density : moderate to 1 sparse on spi 'i' al ipim ! pmes above cutting edgx oi propodt mens -20 OCI . sparse to verv sparse on smallei animals. 601 M I usualh I-!. ns jo 40 I 2oatel\ 3) cervical spines, dorsalmosl usual!-, lai [< oi ii- specimens slightly > 20 OCT and all <20 very large and sharp, 2nd medium small. OI < >( I lacking spines; spin usually apk ii, rarely in row Ail .()( I 0.36-0.41; \i\\ OCI 0,13 21 d; nidlength oi gape; spines usually Luce and ( a\\ OCI 0.56-O.68 i; ( aD OCI 50-0.57 d. ttelj pointed 01 sharp, small on most specimens Abdomen: 1)1 spine on somite I ot specimens .411 ,n • OCT.. I sually I or 2 small, blunt spines lateral OCT and most to specimens 20-40 0< I .abseffl on smallei dactylai base dorsally, tl , ines sometimes ,, crayfish; spine verj largeoi large on specimens 1 60O< , and two small specimens with 3 and 3 small spines. Very usually medium-sized or small on lesser animals, and poor development Oi humps on lateral ridge. Neutrally, sharp on specimens >60 OCI . sharp 01 moderately usually I oi 2 small oi tw . L > spina lateral pointed on smaller crayfish. I) spine absent on somil I i specimen with 5 spines on one chela). (largest specimen with bumps m I) position). On somite abseni proximal to dactylai articulation, very low I 2, 3-4 1 spines pei side on specimens >40OCl , 2 (rarely ometimes present. Precarpal spines absent." l)-4 on smaller specimens, spines on specimens • 2(1 Propl i OCT 0.86-0.99, (0.82)0 89-0 97' OCL. Li spine 011 somites 3-5 Q ot specimens >20 OCL, PropV. Prop] 0.35 0.48id; PropD Propl 0.22-0 30id' CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 35 Dactylus: 2-3 spines above dactylar cutting edge of lateral spines white, mesal spines orange. Dactylus blue specimens >40 OCL, 1-3 (sometimes 0) on specimens 20- or blue/green. Fingertips pale yellow. 40 OCL, spines on some regenerate chelae and speci- Body red, green, orange and yellow ventrally, some- mens <20 OCL; spines apical and very large to medium- times with white and blue patches. Carpus of cheliped sized on specimens > 40 OCL, small on many specimens blue or blue/green, sometimes yellow laterally; ventral <40 OCL. Extra dorsal dactylar spines absent. Dorsal spine sometimes orange. Propodus blue with dark mesal and marginal mesal dactylar basal spines absent. 3-4 apical edge, an orange patch near articulation with dactylus. mesal dactylar spines (one medium-sized specimen with Dactylus blue. 2 apical spines and bump on one dactylus); some speci- Small crayfish green or brown, with patches of yellow. mens <20 OCL with 2 spines on one chela, one speci- Sexes: Males possess a cuticle partition. One female in men with regenerate chela with 5 apical spines. Dactylar the 40-60 OCL range is berried and another has gono- groove absent on specimens >60 OCL, vague or shal- pores that appear to be opening. The one female in the low on smaller animals. 60-80 OCL range has closed gonopores, but those of the specimen >80 OCL are open and it is likely that most DactL/PropL 0.49-0.60. females mature in the 40-80 OCL range. Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal groove deep. Usually 2 mesal carpal spines, sometimes bump or small spine prox- Distribution and biology. The species ranges from imal to 2nd; one small specimen with 3 distinct spines on upper Currumbin Ck west of the Gold Coast, one carpus and 2(+ 1) on other. Distalmost spine much southeast Queensland, south to the Ballina area of larger than, and distinctly offset ventrally to, 2nd. 2 lateral New South Wales, a distance of approximately 90 carpal spines spine on one specimen); lateral spines (1 km, and from coastal northern NSW west to the usually medium-sized, sometimes large or small. Articu- Woodenbong area, approximately 100 km. Euasta- lation spine absent except on some <40 OCL with small valentulus is present in the Tweed, Richmond or medium spine. Dorsal carpal spines usually absent cus though some specimens <40 OCL with small spine or and upper Clarence systems, as well as in some low bump. Ventral carpal spine very large or large. 1-2 smaller coastal streams where the terrain is hilly and ventromesal spines, largest medium-small to tiny (much the species ranges into mountain forest to eleva- smaller than ventral spine). tions of 600 m. Natural vegetation in its range is Merus: Usually 6-8 dorsal meral spines. Outer meral largely coastal rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest spine usually large, occasionally medium-sized. but most has been cleared for agriculture. Euasta- sloped; Keel: Prl: Posterior margins semi-abrupt to cus valentulus is not confined to forested areas but ventral profiles flat, rounded or slightly angled down or prefers streams retaining some natural growth or very apart and either closed or back; processes apart along the banks. Females bear eggs in winter which parallel in orientation. Keel after Prl usually slightly usually hatch in October-November. pronounced anteriorly, sometimes anterior spine present. Euastacus valentulus and E. sulcatus cohabit Pr2: Open or very open. Keel after Pr2 slightly or dis- many streams, the former at lower altitudes. A spe- tinctly pronounced. occasionally sympatric with E. Pr3: Usually slight or gradual scoops and moderate to cies of Cherax is rounded bases; occasional specimens lacking scoops. Keel valentulus but usually occurs farther downstream. after Pr3 moderately pronounced on large specimens, dis- Remarks. The species does not show marked clinal tinctly pronounced on smaller animals. character variation over its range and specimens Pr4: Scoops developed on largest specimen, but usually- southeast Queensland are very similar to those only slight or absent; bases rounded to moderate, sharper from South on some specimens <40 OCL, and posterior margins from the Lismore-Ballina area of New 20- straight, irregular or slightly convex; anterior edges an- Wales. Most specimens examined were in the gular or very angular (ridged). 40 OCL range and only limited numbers of larger Processes 3 and 4 broad, very broad on small animals are present in collections. specimens. The holotype of E. valentulus was lodged in the Setation: Light. Queensland Museum but appears to be lost (fide Punctation: Moderately dense on large animals, dense Riek, 1969: 896) and could not be found for this on small specimens. study. Gastric milt: TAP count 2.5-3.0 (rarely 3.5); TAA count 1.0-1.5; spread 1.0-2.0. Teeth large and rather spaced; zygocardiac ear relatively short. Urocardiac ridges 5-8. Euastacus setosus (Riek) Coloration: Body dark green, green/brown or Figures 19, 20 green/blue (occasionally red/brown) dorsally, paler ven- green or black. General trolaterally. Thoracic spines dark Euastacoides setosus Riek, 1956: 4-5. — Riek, 1969: Posterior margins of abdominal so- tubercles pale brown. 897. -Riek, 1972: 374, fig. 12. often mites darker than anterior. L abdominal spines examined. Holotype: Qld, Ml Glorious, 4 Nov yellow or orange with black tips; D-L and D spines dark. Material Carpus and propodus of cheliped blue/green. Propodal 1953, E.F. Riek, AM P12887, Cf, OCL 27.4 mm. 36 G. J. MORGAN 10 Figure 19. Euastacus setosus. A, dorsal view (holotype o\ Mt Glorious, AM P12887); B, ventral view cephalon (holotype a); C, elongate interantennal spine (o\ Maiala Nat. Park, QM W10960); D, abdominal somites 1 and (sexual) Park, W10960); E, zygocardiae 2: Li spines slightly better developed, abdomen broader ( 9 , Maiala Nat. QM ossicle (holotype o", Francois collection). CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 37 A B apical propodal spine present, Figure 20. Euastacus setosus. A, dorsal view chela (holotype o-); B, chela: dorsal Park); C, carpus: large mesal spines 5 mesal propodal spines, 2 small distal mesal carpal spines (o-, Maiala Nat. 4 (holotype a). (+1 distal) (allotype 9, Mt Glorious, AM P12887); D, sternal keel 31.8mm. spines. Dorsal and marginal mesal dactylar basal Allotype: Type locality, AM P12887, 9 , OCL Paratypes: Qld, type locality AM P12823, 23 spines absent. 2 apical mesal dactylar spines. Dor- specimens. solongitudinal groove of carpus deep. Usually 4-5 Other specimens: Qld, Mt Glorious near Greens Falls, mesal carpal spines. Largest ventromesal carpal W5082, Ict; Maiala National Park, 12 Apr 1972, QM spine larger than ventral spine. Keel Prl abrupt or 1 Jul 1943, E.F. Riek(?), AM PI 1928, 9 ; Mt Glorious, 18 semi-abrupt, and close. TAP count 3.5 (rarely 3.0). Tributary Cedar Ck, Maiala N.P. near Mt Glorious, (27°2(yS, 152°46'E), 5 Oct 1982, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Description. Maximum OCL: 38.5 mm. Harders. QM W10960, 5o\ 4 9 . Rostrum: Rostrum very short, reaching base of 3rd an- partition present. Rostral Diagnosis. Male cuticle tennal segment only on some specimens <20 OCL. Ros- to midlength marginal spine row reaching proximal tral sides convergent or slightly convergent, almost parallel or or or full length of carinae. Rostral base divergent on some very small specimens. Rostral base divergent ros- very divergent, carinae short and spread. Anten- very divergent, carinae short and spread. 3(rarely 2)-5 in row reaching proximal to midlength nal squame widest very proximal to midlength. tral spines per side, length of carinae; spines medium-sized or small, Squamal spines absent. Suborbital spine large or or full moderately pointed to sharp. Acumen spine similar in size very large. Thoracic spines absent. General tuber- marginals. sparse. to cles small or very small, and rather dense to OCL/CL 0.84-0.88 i; RW/OCL 0.13-0.18 d. reduced to small bumps. D Li abdominal spines Cephalon: Cephalon spiny to moderately spiny on Tailfan spines spines and abdominal boss absent. specimens >20 OCL, poorly spinose on smaller animals, absent. absent. Ventral lateral propodal spine row with several small spines (usually 1 slightly larger) ven- Dorsal apical propodal spines usually absent (rarely tral to postorbital ridges. 1st postorbital spine small to propodal and dac- medium-sized; 2nd postorbital spine absent. Suborbital 1). Usually 1 apical spine above propodal spine large or very large. Lateral margin of squame usually tylar cutting edges. Usually 4 mesal . 38 G. J. MORGAN dactylar slightly concave, sometimes approximately straight; lar basal spines absent. Usually 2 apical mesal v small animals. Dactylar gr squame widest very proximal to midlength, slightly prox- spines. I on sonic ei> 1 imal on some very small specimens; marginal spines present though shallow 00 specimens > 1 absent. Intcrantennal spine elongate to medium in width Dactl /I'ropl. 0.49-0.55. 4-5 on specimens >20 OCL, medium to broad on smaller Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal groove deep. Usually crayfish; margins straight or slightly serrated. Antennal mesal carpal spmes, distalmost spine sometimes verv small basipoditc spine absent; coxopoditc spine small or tiny and always smalla than 2nd; relative sizes of 3rd to 5th and unimodal, weakly bifid, or slightly serrated. spines variable. Usually small or tiny lateral carpal spine, Scl /OCL 0.1441.21 d. sometimes absent Articulation spine small or absent; Thorax: Dorsal thoracic spines absent. General tuber- dorsal carpal spine usually present. Ventral carpal spine largest cles small or very small, absent on some specimens <20 small to medium-sized. 3 mesal spines, OCL (merely punctate); tubercles rather dense to sparse, medium-sized to large and longer than ventral spine. very sparse or absent on some animals < 20 OCL. 2-4 Merus: 8-12 small dorsal meral spines. Outer meral cervical spines on specimens >20 OCL; spines small spine small or tiny. (rarely medium-sized) or tiny and blunt (rarely moder- Keel I'll: Posterior margins usually abrupt or semi ate) to very blunt, vague or absent on specimens <20 abrupt; pit) esses angled back, close and parallel. Keel spines. OC1 , after Prl low and lacking Ail (HI. 0.37-0.41; CaW/OCL 0.50-Q.5S i; Pr2: Close or slight!) apart and usually parallel (rarely ArW/OCL 0.15-0.19 d; CaD/OCl 44-0.49 d. Slightly closed). Keel alter Pr2 low or very slightly Abdomen: Somite 1 lacking D and D I spines. Somite pronounced. i slightly 2 with 2-3 small or tiny, blunt or very blunt I spines on Pr3: Usually parallel (sometimes closed), specimens > 30 OCL, 1-2 spines on some specimens 20- moderate to sharp, lacking scoops. Keel 30 OCL; spines often merely humps. A tiny, very blunt ; Pi 1 raised, very raised on small specimens, usually I i spine sometimes on somites 3 and 4 ot large specimens -i pronounced centi 1-3 tiny, very blunt l.ii spines (little more than Seta! Pr4 Moderately rounded to sharp, scoops absent; an- bumps) on somites 3-6 Of some large specimens. 1) and teriOl edgi angulai 01 very angular, posterior edges D-L spines absent. Specimens < 20 OCT lacking abdom convex, irregular, or approximately straight. nal spines. Dorsal abdominal boss aba III Processes 3 and 4 usually distinctly narrow, almost cr > AbdW/OCL 0.44-0.49. \ 0.45-0.56 i; 0< 1 1 »8 broad on si iijk p« imens 20 OCL. 0.43 i. Setation: Heav j Tail/an: Tailfan spines absent, though seta! bumps Punctation: Dense i use. usually obvious On in.ngins of uropods. Standard spines Gastric mill: TAP count 3.5 (rarely 3.0); f"AA count .-20< I small I I 4-7 or medium small on specimens K , medium- 1.0 (i treEy S); spread 2.0-2.5. rocardiac ridges sized on smaller animals. (usualh 5-6) I rocardiac ossicle shallow. r TeL/OCl 0.32-0.38 d, ? 0.33-0.39 di. I oloratkm Body dark red brown dorsally, paler ven- Chelae Chelae intermediate in shape to etong it . lati ral trolaterals/. Cephalic and cervical spint How. propodal margin often slightly concave. Iceth well de- Often blue violet tinge on lateral margins of abdominal veloped on most specimens 10 OCL. somites I arpus and propodus ol cheliped \uth dark green Propodus: 1 lateral propodal spme row (ventral row mottling on orange or brown, mesal spme- dark green. absent); lateral spines small and rather sharp. I ateral I ingers dark green brown, sometimes with a blue tinge. spine ridge vague or absent. Usually 4 mesal propodal ups pale brown spines, sometimes 3 or 5 especially on regenerate chelae Body orange and cream ventrally. Carpus ot cheliped (one specimen with spines 6 on regenerate chela); usually dark green oi green blue mesally . orange and cream later- distinct gap between distal and 2nd mesal spines. I >-'i sal alb, ventral spmes orange. Propodus cream or pale apical propodal spines absent, except one large spi orange with darker orange oi green mottling, mesa! edge wiili 1 spme on one chela. Usually 1 spine above propo- green. Fingers pale orange Oi blue green. dal cutting edge of specimens >30 OCT and on many Sexes Male- possess a rather wide cuticle partition. One smaller animals (one specimen with 2 spines on its target Female 20-30 OCI and three of the four females in the chela); spines apical and medium-si/ed or small; spines 4(1 ( )C 30 1 range have gonopores that appear to be open- usually absent on specimens 1-6 ii <20 OCL. Dorsally are m t tnly incised The largest female (OCL usually small spines lateral to dactylar base, with some 38.5 mm, collected recently) is berried. It appears that small lateral bumps; ventrally 1-8 small spines, often in at close females mature to 40 OCI . row extending along finger; specimens < 20 OCL often Distribution and biology. The species has been col- lacking dorsal and ventral spines. Spiires proximal to dac- lected from tributaries tylar articulation absent; precarpal spines absent. of the Cine River at altitudes above 500 in a.s.l. in PropL/OOL a 0.88-1.08 i, 9 0.87-1,01 i; rainforest in Maiala National PropW/PropL 0.39-0.45; PropD. Propl 0.28-0.34. Park near Ml Glorious, northwest of Brisbane. Dactylus: 1 apical spine above dactylar cutting edge Queensland. Rainforest elsewhere in the area has (some regenerate chelae with or 2 spines), some very been extensively cleared though it persists in some small specimens lacking spine; spine medium-sized to gullies of national parks and state forests. Higher small. Extra dorsal dactylar spines absent. Mesal dacty- ridges support sclerophyll forests. The berried CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 39 female was collected in early October. Eggs are ScL/OCL 0.13-0.18 d. 1-3 small, blunt or maroon. A species of Cherax occurs widely at lower Thorax: On specimens >30 OCL, sharp dorsal spines immediately dorsal and altitudes. moderately posterior to cervical spines; animals <20 OCL lacking Remarks. While E. setosus probably occurs else- dorsal spines. General tubercles small or very small, sparse where in the D'Aguilar Range, only the type local- or very sparse. 2-5 cervical spines per side, small or very pointed on specimens >30 OCL, ity has yielded specimens. small and moderately blunt on animals <20 OCL. ArL/OCL 0.38-0.42 i; CaW/OCL 0.54-0.56; Euastaeus urospinosus (Riek) ArW/OCL 0.12-0.18 d; CaD/OCL 0.45-0.52 d. spines. On Somite 1 lacking D and D-L Figures 21, 22 Abdomen: blunt somite 2, 2-3 small or tiny, moderately pointed or Euastacoides urospinosus Riek, 1956: 5-6. — Riek, 1969: Li spines on most specimens >30 OCL (sometimes merely 898. bumps); spines absent on specimens <20 OCL. Subse- quent somites lacking Li spines. Lii, D-L and D spines Material examined. Holotype: Qld, Obi Obi Ck, Maleny, absent, sometimes seta] bumps in Lii position. Dorsal ab- Oct 1953, E.F. Riek, AM PI 2886, ct.OCL 13.9 mm. 8 dominal boss absent. Other specimens: Qld, Tributary of Obi Obi Ck, above AbdVvVOCL 0.45-0.50; OCL/L 0.39-0.44 i. falls, Mapleton Falls National Park, (26°38'S, 152°52'E), absent, setal bumps obvious on 7 Oct 1982, G.J. Morgan and S.J. Harders, QM W10959, Tail/an: Tailfan spines 5o\ 29 margins of uropods. Standard spines small on specimens >30 OCL, medium-sized on specimens <20 OCL. Diagnosis. As for E. setosus, except: Rostral mar- TeL/OCL 0.30-0.37 d. ginal spine row not reaching proximal to midlength Chelae: Chelae intermediate in shape or elongate. Teeth of carinae. Suborbital spine small, rarely medium- well developed on specimens >30 OCL. sized. 1-3 small blunt thoracic spines posterior to (ventral row Propodus: 1 lateral propodal spine row cervical spines (>30 OCL). General tubercles absent); lateral spines small and rather sharp. Lateral ridge 2-3 small Li spines on abdominal somite 2, sparse. absent. Usually 5(rarely 6) mesal propodal spines, 4 on propodal sometimes merely bumps. Spines above some regenerate chelae. Dorsal apical spines absent. cutting edge absent. 5 (rarely 6) mesal propodal Spines above cutting edge absent (one regenerate chela 1 2 medium-sized or small spines. 1 apical mesal dactylar spine. 4 mesal carpal with single spine). Dorsally, or few small bumps; ven- spines. TAP count 2.5-3.0. spines lateral to dactylar base, with sometimes with trally, 1 small or medium-sized spine, bumps distributed slightly along finger. Spines Description. Maximum OCL: 36.7 mm (none collected several tiny proximal to dactylar base absent. Precarpal spines absent. in 20-30 OCL range). • 0.44- PropL/OCL (0.81)0.83-0.98 i; PropW/PropL very short, not reaching base of 3rd Rostrum: Rostrum 0.49; PropD/PropL 0.28-0.30. base on smallest speci- antennal segment, just distal to spine above dacty- Dactylus: 1 apical, medium-sized convergent or men (holotype). Rostral sides slightly regenerate lar cutting edge of specimens >30 OCL (one Usually parallel; rostral base divergent and carinae spread. chela with 2 spines); specimens < 20 OCL lacking spines. 1-2 marginal spines per side; spines small, moderately Extra dactylar dorsal spines absent. Mesal dactylar basal midlength of carinae. pointed to rounded, apical or to dactylar spine (some spines absent. Usually I apical mesal 1-3 low carinal bumps posterior to spines. Usually regenerate chelae lacking or with 2 spines). Dactylar similar to marginal spines. Acumen spine groove shallow or distinct. 0.83-0.90 i; RW/OCL 0.12-0.17 d. OCL/CL DactL/PropL 0.56-0.58. moderate on large specimens, Cephalon: Spination Carpus: Dorsolongitudinal groove deep. 4 mesal carpal OCL, with several small spaced poor on specimens <20 spines; distalmost spine smaller than 2nd, 4th often very distinctly larger) ventral to postor- spines (sometimes 1 small on specimens <20 OCL. 2 small lateral carpal on ridges. 1st postorbital spine small, medium-sized spine bital spines, 1 on some specimens < 20 OCL. Articulation 2nd postorbital spine absent smallesfanimal (holotype). present on some specimens <20 OCL. 1-2 small dorsal present, spine an edge or small. or on one side only; when carpal spines, except on smallest specimen (holotype). medium-small, medium-sized Suborbital spine small or Ventral carpal spine medium/large to small. Usually 3-4 Lateral margin of anten- on some specimens <20 OCL. ventromesal spines, largest medium-sized to large and slightly irregular; squame widest nal squame straight or larger than ventral spine. midlength proximal to midlength, at approximately very Merus: 7-10 small dorsal meral spines. Outer spine small lnteran- on smallest specimen; marginal spines absent, rather or tiny. tennal spine elongate on specimens >30 OCL, Keel: Prl: Posterior margins semi-abrupt or abrupt, broad on specimens <20 OCL; margin slightly serrated. profiles usually angled back, rarely flat; processes close Antennal basipodite spine very small or small, occasion- apart) and parallel. Keel after Prl occa- or small, usually (rarely slightly ally absent; coxopodite spine very small sionally with small sharp spine. very weakly bifid. 40 O. J. MORGAN a\ I- T f- // / *:< ( :»f."».v^ ..*(> *$ '-"-" £ ^ Figure 21. Euastacus urospinosus. (All specimens from Mapleton Falls, QM W 10959). A dorsal view (a)- B ven tra view cephalon (suborbital spine deformed) (a); C, ventral view cephalon (o-); D, abdominal somite 2: Li spines distinct (9); E, zygocardiac ossicle (o-). ^ CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 41 If) W A, dorsal chela; B, chela: elongate, 2 apical dac- Figure 22. Euastacits urospinosus. (All from males, QM W10959). (regenerate); C, sternal keel. tylar spines, spine present above propodal cutting edge, of cheliped orange with dark green/brown Pr2: Parallel and close on large specimens, apart on yellow. Carpus edge bright orange, mesal spines some animals <20 OCL. Keel after Pr2 usually saddle- mottling, distolateral Propodus ochre with green mottling, edges shaped, sometimes with small spine. dark green. green or blue/green. Fingers green with blue tinges, tips Pr3: Usually approximately parallel, lateral profile Keel paler yellow. sharp or moderate, scoops absent or very gradual. pronounced. Body pale orange, yellow and cream ventrally. Carpus after Pr3 distinctly raised, usually posteriorly or of cheliped dark green or blue/green mesally, orange later- Pr4: Scoops absent, laterally moderately curved ventral spine orange. Propodus mostly cream with sharp; anterior edges angular, posterior slightly or dis- ally, blue mottling, mesal area orange with green mottling. tinctly convex. Fingers blue and cream. Processes 3 and 4 narrow on specimens >30 OCL, Males possess a cuticle partition. No mature fe- broad on some animals <20 OCL. Sexes: males have been collected and only one female >30 mm Setation: Moderate to light. is known. Punctation: Sparse or moderate on cephalon, denser OCL on thorax. Distribution and biology. The species is known only count 1.0-1.5; Gastric mill: TAP count 2.5-3.0; TAA from tributaries of Obi Obi Creek (Mary River) be- 5-6. Urocardiac ossi- spread 1.0-2.0. Urocardiac ridges tween Maleny and Mapleton, west of Nambour,in shallow. cle rather rainforest at altitudes above 240m. Little highland red-brown with green tinges dorsally, Coloration: Body area, though Cer- rainforest remains uncleared in the ventrolateral^. Blue tinges on lateral cephalon. paler and state forests. or yellow. Abdomi- pockets persist in national parks vical and cephalic spines pale orange Abdominal Li spines pale Vegetation at the type locality has been cleared for nal somites blue/violet laterally. . , 42 O. J. MORGAN pasture as it was in 1953 when the juvenile holo- Tail/an: Tailfan spine-, absent, marginal setal bumps type was collected (Riek, 1956). This specimen was on uropods. Standard spines small. probably washed downstream from upstream rain- TeL/OCL 0.34-0.35. Chelae: Chelae elongate, with lateral propodal margins forest. Species of Cherax and Macrobrachium are slightly concave. Teeth moderately developed on both common in streams with cleared banks and at lower specimens (indicating further growth to maximum size). altitudes. Propodus: Single lateral propodal spine row (ventral spines small and rather sharp. Lateral Remarks. This small species has been sampled from row absent). Lateral spine ridge absent. 3-4 mesal propodal spines, with dis- essentially a single site. Euastacus urospinosus was tinct gap between 1st (distal) and 2nd. 1-2 dorsal apical described by Riek (1956) on the basis of one very spines. Spines above cutting edge absent. 1-2 small or small specimen (OCL 13.9 mm) which does not dis- medium-sized spines lateral to dactylar base doisallv, with play the characteristics of larger animals. few slight bumps; ventrally, I small or medium-si/ed spine. Spines proximal to dactylar articulation absent. Euastacus maidae (Riek) Precarpal spines absent. PropL oci. y 1.02. , 0.94: PropW Prppl M Figure 23 0.42; PropD. PropL 0.27-0.28. Dactylus; 1 large or medium-sized apical spine above Euasiacoides maidae Rick. 1956: 5. — Rick, 1969: 898. dactylar cutting edge. Extra dorsal dactylar spines absent. Mesal dactylar basal spines . 1 -2 Material examined. Holotype: Qld, upper reaches of Cur- absent apical mesal dac- tylar spines. Dactylar groove shallo 1 rumbinCk, Dec 1953, E.I .Riek, AM P1288X. ',()(. I 24.8 mm. DactL' PropL 0.53-0.54. t arpus Dorsolongitudinal groove deep. 4 mesal carpal locality, 1 Allotype: type AM P12888 ? , OC .21.9 mm. spines. Distalmost spine considerably larger than others, Diagnosis. As for E. setosus. except: Antennal which decrease in size proximally. I small lateral carpal squame widest at midlength. Suborbital spine spine. Articulation and dorsal carpal spines absent. Ven- small. 4-6 small Li spines on abdominal somite 2. tral carpal spine vet} small or nnv 2-4 \cniromesal spines, 1-2 dorsal apical propodal spines. Spines above with largest I m-c oi moderately large and much larger propodal cutting edge absent. 3-4 mesal propodal than ventral spine. Merus: 5-8 small dm sal spines. Outer spines. 1-2 apical mesal dactylar spines. 4 mesal meral meral spine tins carpal spines. Keel; Pi 1: Posterior margins semi-abrupt, ventral i Description. 2 specimens, OCL 24.8 mm, 21.9 mm. angled down; processes close and parallel. Keel alter Prl Rostrum: Rostrum very short, not reaching or just low, sometimes slight anterior bump. reaching base of 3rd antennal segment. Rostral sides Pr2: Open and slightl) apart keel aftei Pr2 low, slightly convergent or almost parallel. Base divergent or recessed anterior!} very divergent, carina* spread. 3-4 marginal spines dis Pi V I ateral profile moderately sharp, with rounded tributed along full length or carinae; spines medium-sized, bases and gradual SCOOpS keel after Pr3 not prominantlv moderately pointed or rounded. Acumen spine similar to raised, marginal spines. Pr4; I atcral profile moderate!) ops absent: OCL/CL 0.87-0.88; RW/OCL 0.14-0.15. i tor edges angular, posterior edges straight or slightly Cephalon: Cephalon moderately spin) 01 spins with concave. 2-3 small spines and several small bumps ventral to postor- Pr3 and 4 narrow . bital ridges. 1st postorbital spine small; 2nd spine small Setation: Moderate to moderately heavy. on one specimen, absent on other. Suborbital spine small Punctatiort: Dense. Lateral margin of squame straight; squame widest at mid- Gastric mill: I AP count 3.5; TAA count 1.0-1 .5; spread length; marginal spines absent. Interantennal spine 2.0-2.5. Urocardiac ridges 4-5. Urocardiac ossicle shallow. medium width, margin slightly serrated. Antennal basipo- Coloration: No live specimens of E maidae were col- dite lected during this spine absent or very small; coxopodite spine small stud) . Riek (1956) described £. maidae and bifid. as "rather nondescript with some bluish tinge on abdo- ScL/OCL 0.15. men and great chelae". Thorax: Dorsal thoracic spines absent. General tuber- Sexes: The male bears a cuticle partition. The small cles small or very small and moderately dense. Approxi- female (allotype) has unopen gonopores. mately 4 cervical spines per side, small or tiny and blunt ArL/OCL 0.36-0.37; CaW/OCL 0.49-0.50; ArW OCT Distribution 0.16; CaD/OCL 0.44-0.45. and biology. The species is known only from rainforest at the Abdomen: Somite 1 lacking D and D-L spines. Somite upper reaches of Currum- bin 2 with 4-6 small or tiny, moderately pointed to blunt Li Creek, west of Coolangatta, south-east Queens- spines. Lii, and land. D-L D spines absent. Dorsal abdominal Riek (1956) noted that it was collected "in boss absent. association with £. sulcatus and a second species AbdW/OCL 0.46-0.48; OCL/L 0.40-0.41. of Euastacus of which only juveniles were seen." CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 43 Currumbin Ck AM P12888); B, dorsal view chela (holo- (holotype a , Figure 23. Euastacus maidae. A, dorsal view cephalon (allotype AM P12888), cr, Francois collection); D, ventral v,ew 9 , type o-); C, zygocardiac ossicle (holotype E, sternal keel (holotype a). . . . 44 (,. I. MORGAN i speci- 2 (little more than b>Ul tp i) Othl Remarks. Euastacus maidae is known from only spines on somite somites 1 ow Li and Ln bumps on two specimens from the type locality, both speci- mens lacking spines. 3 and 4 of holotype D-l and D spines and dorsal I mens falling in the arbitrary si/e class of 20-30 absent OCL. Riek (1969: 898) recorded additional speci- AbdW/OCL 0.46 48; OCI I 0.41 0. K mens from the type locality in the AM but these Tail/an: laillan spines absent; marginal setal bumps could located for this study and there is no not be mi uropods. Standard spines vers small on largi St speci- registry. record of them on the museum men, small to medium-sized on smaller anin Lei <» I 29 J6 d. jagara sp. nov. well on speci- Euastacus ( helae: ( helac elongate. Teeth developed mens near or >30 OC1 figures 24, 25 spine row (ventral row Propodus: I lateral propodal rather sharp. Lateral Material examined. Holotype: Qld, Maggy Ck, HBO it. absent); lateral spines small and 6-7 mesal spines on normal Mistake Mts via I.aidley, II Feb 1973, S ami G. Mon- spine ridge vague 01 absent. 4-5 us -2(1 . on smaller am tieth, QM W647I, o\ OCL approx. 47.1 mm. OC1 propodal spines and spines above cutting Paratypes: Qld, type locality, QM W647I, I 7, 40. Dorsal apical edge absent. Spines usually absenl lateral to dactylar base Diagnosis. As for E. setOSUS, except: Rostral spines dorsally and ventrally. low setal humps often present. apical or in row reaching midlength of carinae. An- Spines absent proximal to dactylar base. very low bumps tenna] squame widest proximal to midlength. sometimes present. Precarpal spines absent. (l 0.38-0.44; Suborbital spine small. General tubercles sparse. Propl Ot I M 97 i; PropW PropL Spines above propodal cutting edge absent. 6-7 PropD Propl 28 0.32, spine Dactylus: Largest specimen with 1 small apical mesal propodal spines. 1 apical mesal dactylar above dactylar cutting d <30 OCL lack- spine. 3-6 mesal carpal spines. Keel l'i I sloped 01 ing spines. 1 ij dactyiai spines and mesal basal almost semi-abrupt. TAP count 4.0. spines absent. 1 apical mesal spine (vague on smallest Description. Maximum OCL: 47.1 mm (approximate, specimen) Dactyiai jroove present. carapace broken). Dactl Pro] i 0.54 0J6. i 3-6 Rostrum: Rostrum \et> short, not reaching base ol Jrd arpus Dore il » Jeep. mesal antennal segment (except on one specimen < 20 OCL). carpal spines, J oi 4 spines usual!) distinct!) larger than Rostral sides slightly convergent or almost parallel. Ros- others; distalmosi spine often smaller than 2nd and tral bases divergent or very divergent, carinae spread. 1- times absent. 3rd and 4th spines usually small. 1-2 small 2 marginal spines per side, apical oi distributed to mid- or very small lateral carpal spines. Articulation spine length of carinae; spines small or medium small and absent. Dot sal carpal spines absenl (low bumps on lar- nioderateK sharp. Acumen spine similar to mat' gest specimen). Ventral spine medium-sized or Of. OCL/CL 0.87-0.89; RW/OCL 0.12-0.17 d. medium small on specimens >20 I . small or very Cephalorr. Cephalic spination poor or moderate!) pi k n small on lessei crayfish Largest veniromesal spine I with 1-2 small spines and several bumps below postorbi- medium large or medium-sized oo specimens >20CX . tal ridges. 1st postorbital spine small edge on largest sped small or ver) small on lesser specimens, and larger than men, small on specimens <30 OCL. 2nd postorbital spine or similar size to ventral spine; other veruromesal spines small edge on largest animal, edge on specimens <30 tin) OCL. Suborbital spine very small or small. Lateral margin Merus: 7-10 ver) small dorsal metal spines. Outer spine of squame slightly convex, concave or straight; squame absent or tiny on specimens -20 OCL, small on lesser widest proximal to midlength; marginal spines absent. In- ish. terantennal spine elongate on specimens >20 OCL, Keel: Prl: Posterior margins sloped or almost semi- medium width on smaller animals; margins slightly or dis abrupt; ventral profile angled down or slightly back; tinctly serrated. Antennal basipodite spine very small or processes close and parallel. Keel alter Prl lacking dis- absent; coxopodite spine medium-sized to small, usually tinct spines, sometimes slight bump. weakly bifid. Pr2: Processes parallel, close or slightly apart on speci- ScL/OCL 0.13-0.19 d. mens >20 OCL, slightly or distinctly apart on smaller Thorax: Dorsal thoracic spines absent (largest speci- animals. Keel alter Pr2 low, sometimes slightly men, holotype, with much of branchioslegites missing, pronounced anteriorly. but no evidence of spines). General tubercles small or \er\ Pi 3; Slight or gradual scoops, moderate or rounded. small, sparse or very sparse; specimens <20 OCL lack- Keel after Pr3 low on largest specimen, moderately to dis- ing tubercles. 2-5 cervical spines per side, small and tinctly pronounced on smaller crayfish. moderately pointed to blunt. Pr4: Posterior edge bases moderate!) curved without ArL/OCL 0.38-0.44 i; CaW OCL 0.51-0.54; scoops (rarely slight scoops), slightly or distinct!) convex; ArW/OCL 0.16-0.18 (largest missing); CaD OCL 0.46- anterioi edges rounded on largest specimen, rounded to 0.49 d. angular on specimens 20-30 OCL. angular on smaller Abdomen: Somite 1 lacking D-L and D spines. Lar- crayfish. gest specimen (holotype) with 2-3 small, very blunt Li Processes 3 and 4 distinctly narrow on largest sped- , CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 45 ai B iC^' ~ ./*' >rn , $*\ '/*** -£<•. #> ^ fftfitr ? P> X : ,'-h i 4 '^k&M- W6471); B, rostrum: broader (paratype a ,wM 1 view rholotvne o- Flaeev Ck, OM U 2 " ^ cTm w6 46 (,, J. MORGAN Figure 25. Euastacusjagara. A, dorsal vie* chela (hototype ' ); B, carpus: no distinct spines distal to mesa! spines (paratype 9); C, ventral view cephalon (holotype r); I), interantennal spine (paratype ?);E, sternal keel (taolc- type a); F, keel Pr 3: broader (allometry) (paratype i I. men, just narrow 20-30 I just on specimens <)C , broad reveal a boundary between the ranges oi £ jagara on smaller crayfish. and E sulcatm to the south, though the species ma\ Setation: Moderate to heavy. be 5) mpatric in places. Punctalion: Moderate on largest specimen, dense on smaller specimens. Etymology. Named after Jagara, the probable Gastric mill: TAP count 4.0; TAA count 1.0-1.5: spread aboriginal language of the Mistake Mts area 2.5-3.0. 5-7. Urocardiac ridges Urocardiac ossicle shallow . (Capell, 1963). Coloration: No specimens of t. jagara were collected for this study and museum records bear no mention of General remarks colours of live crayfish. four species. Sexes: Males possess a wide cuticle partition. No mature The E. setosus, L. urospinosus, E. females have been collected. Those in the 20-30 OCL maidae and E. jagara form an identifiable group range have closed gonopores, though pores of one speci- of species in south-east Queensland. The first three men appear deeply incised. species were regarded by Riek (1956) as members of the genus Euastacoides and are similar in many Distribution and biology. The species is known only respects with E. jagara. The genus is here syn- from the type locality at 920 m a.s.l. in the Mis- onymised with Euastacus. The four species may be take Mountains, approximately 50 km south-west regarded as members of a setosus species complex of Ipswich. The range is drained by tributaries of (species complex defined by Mayr, 1969), named the Brisbane River and supports rainforest along for the best collected of the species. In separating stream banks. Cherax and Macrobrachium were Euastacoides from Euastacus, Riek (1956) cited two found at lower elevations. Further collection may generic diagnostic characters (characters 1 and 3 CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS EUASTACUS FROM QUEENSLAND 47 below); in 1969 he added character 2 below. The The two type specimens of E. maidae collected name Euasiacoides is retained in this discussion for by Riek from upper Currumbin Ck remain the only convenience in comparisons with other Euastacus. known specimens of this species. Contrary to Riek's 1. One lateral propodal spine row (i.e. the ab- (1956) description, both crayfish possess small, sence of a ventral row). This is valid for all four moderately sharp or blunt Li spines on somite 2. species of Euasiacoides but does not distinguish the The population of Euastacoides-Mke crayfish genus. Species of Euastacus show inter-(and often from Flaggy Ck (E. jagara) is similar to E. setosus infra-) specific variation from 1 to 2 propodal rows, in possessing distinct abdominal bumps. spines with most species displaying the 2 to 1 condition. In summary, the absence of abdominal Euasta- Frequently the ventral propodal row is very poorly is not a constant feature of these crayfish. developed and most specimens of E. reductus Riek cus displays extreme interspecific (and often in- and many E. neohirsutus Riek from New South fraspecific) variation in the size and number of (e.g. E. reductus Wales have only 1 lateral spine row. abdominal spines. Some species and many specimens ofE. neohirsutus) display very irregular number of ventral spines 2. Carpus with reduced abdominal spination, with small Li spines should have only 1 enlarged spine). (Euastacus only on somite 2 and setal bumps on subsequent usually several ventromesal (VM) There are somites. This condition is similar to that of E. species and the largest is spines on Euasiacoides maidae and some E. urospinosus. It appears that larger than the ventral (V) usually larger or much the pleural bumps are vestigial spines and that in species Euastacus the V spine is spine. In most of E. setosus extreme reduction of the characters is largest spine but larger or much larger than the VM represented. Hence, an absence of abdominal several small spines. In frequently there are VM spines does not distinguish Euastacoides from neodiversus some species (e.g., E. reductus, E. Euastacus. however, the spine Riek, E. woiwuru Morgan) VM In addition to the three generic diagnostic charac- larger the V spine. The ven- is similar to or than ters of Riek, there are several other morphologi- of Euastacus reductus and tral surface of the carpus cal features worthy of discussion. Euasiacoides species can be very similar. The differ- antennal squame of E. ent populations of Euastacoides also display vari- 4. Squamal shape. The is distinctly thinner and ation in the sizes and number of VM spines and setosus and E. urospinosus than that of other species of Euasta- the size of the V spine. The number of VM spines more elongate Riek (1956) described the squame of E. uro- is usually lower on E. maidae. The Euastacoides cus. as obviously broader than that of E. condition is therefore uncommon but is exhibited spinosus approximately its midlength by some Euastacus, especially the less spiny species. setosus and widest at but this is not a valid specific difference. The lacks abdominal spines, having 3. Euastacoides squame of E. urospinosus is broadest at its mid- best collected popula- merely tufts of setae. The length only on the very small juvenile holotype; is that from Mt Glorious (E. tion of Euastacoides larger specimens have a squame similar to that of species lacks sharp abdominal spines. setosus). This E. setosus. The squame of E. maidae and E. jagara some larger specimens have very obvi- widest However, is rather broader and in the former species somite 2 in the position of the Li ous bumps on at approximately its midlength. The squame of E. Euastacus species. The question is whether If E. spines of maidae is similar to most Euastacus scales. bumps as blunt spines or to con- urospino- to regard these maidae is grouped with E. setosus and E. spines to be absent. sider abdominal sus, a thin squame is not a generically diagnostic from Obi Obi Ck in Euastacoides urospinosus character. the high country west of Nambour, was described 5. Overall reduction in spination. The reduction by Riek on the basis of one very small juvenile lack- simi- in abdominal spination has already been discussed ing abdominal spines, a character shared by also dis- Euastacus. in character 3. The species of Euastacoides larly sized specimens of all species of play reduced spination on the chelae and thorax. Further sampling carried out for this study However, similarly poor spination is evident in produced specimens of considerably greater size, almost some species of Euastacus (e.g. E. reductus, E. sim- including probably mature males and an uni- plex Riek and E. brachythorax Riek). Larger speci- mature female. While abdominal spination is moderately mens of E. urospinosus possess 1-3 very small, formly poor, there are definitely small, thoracic spines behind the cervical spines, a spines on somite 2 of several large blunt sharp or blunt Li of spines condition common on poorly spined species specimens. Those that lack distinct sharp Euastacus. possess bumps similar to those of E. setosus. 48 G, I. MORGAN 6. Mesal carpal spination. The condition of the potentially diagnostic characters described above- ventral carpal spines has been discussed above. The arc similarly inconstant. species /;'. pos- setosus and E. urospinosus usually The species regarded by Riek as belonging ti sess a small carpal spine distal to that correspond- astacoides are similar to Euastacus reductus of New ing to the first (distalmost) on most species ot South Wales in external morphology and gastric Euastacus, i.e. in contrast to most Euastacus the mills. Euastacus reductus displays obvious abdomi- distalmost spine is usually not the largest. However, Most Queensland Euastacus species are confined Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and 89-95. to or display strict preference for streams in rain- Medical Science 20: Dixon, R.M.W., 1972. The Dyirbal Language of North forest or wet sclerophyll forest. The exception is Queensland. Cambridge University Press: E. suttoni inhabiting the open sclerophyll country Cambridge. of the New England plateau. The clearance of Flecker, H. and Flecker, P.O., 1936. The haunt of the probably has restricted the natural vegetation north Queenland spiny crayfish. North Queensland ranges of most species. Naturalist 4:18-20 Mayr, E., 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw-Hill: New York. Acknowledgements McCulloch, A.R., 1917. Studies in Australian Crustacea. Part 4. Records of the Australian Museum 11: I thank Drs G. C. B. Poore, J. K. Lowry and P. 231-238. S. Lake, Messrs P. Davie and D. Ross and Profes- Monroe, R., 1977. A new species of Euastacus sors H. H. Hobbs, Jr and W. D. Williams for their (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from north Queensland. co-operation and advice, and Ms S. J. Harders for Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 18: 65-67. in field. The following services are assistance the Morgan, G. J., 1986. Freshwater crayfish of the genus Eu- to be acknowledged for the relevant permits and astacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from Vic- 1-57. information: National Parks and Wildlife Services, toria. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 47: crayfish (family State Fisheries Services and State Forestries of Riek, E.F., 1951. The freshwater of Queensland, with an appendix Queensland and New South Wales. I was supported Parastacidae) describing other Australian species. Records of the by a Commonwealth Post-Graduate Research Al- Australian Museum 22: 368-388. lowance and received an Australian Museum Grant Riek, E.F., 1956. Additions to the Australian freshwater during the course of this study. 1-6. crayfish. Records of the Australian Museum 24: Riek, E.F., 1969. The Australian freshwater crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) with descrip- References tions of new species. Australian Journal of Zoology Aus- 17: 855-918. Capell, A., 1963. Linguistic Survey of Australia. Riek, E.F., 1972. The phylogeny of the Parastacidae tralian Institute of Aboriginal Studies: Canberra. description of a new crayfishes of (Crustacea: Astacoidea), and Clark, E., 1936. The freshwater and land genus of Australian freshwater crayfishes. Australian Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Vic- Journal of Zoology 20: 369-389. toria 10: 5-58. Queens- Watson, K., 1935. A new Astacopsis from north 1937. The life history of the Gippsland crayf- Clark, E., Museum 10: 6:186-192. land. Memoirs of the Queensland ish. Australian Museum Magazine the genus Euastacus (crayf- 232-235. , , 1 94 1 . Revision of Clark E . fleckeri. Memoirs of the the distri- Watson, K., 1936. Astacopsis ishes, family Parastacidae) with notes on National Queensland Museum 11: 52. bution of certain species. Memoirs of the Descriptions of two species of Crustacea 7-30. White, A., 1850. Museum of Victoria 12: Zoologi- in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Burnet, F.M., 1942. The application ot Clark, E. and 95-97. Crustacea. cal Society of London 18: serological methods to the study of the