sign in sign up
<<
Home , Acanthostachys, Adiantum raddianum, Asparagus densiflorus, Aspidistra elatior, Billbergia nutans, Caryota mitis

Биологические науки/4. Ресурсоведение и интродукция растений.

Kozina Ye.V., Yashmurzina D.S. Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops", c. Sochi, Russia

Analyzing the light intensity need for the winter garden collection in the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops Winter gardens is a picturesque comfortable area for rest and relaxation, which significantly improves the quality of life [10]. The winter garden of the Russian Research

Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops can serve as such an example [2]. The objects of research are plants belonging to 39 families, 70 genera and 120 (, forms) planted under cover of the Institute [9]. Classification of plants is given in accordance with the electronic catalog The list [11]. It is necessary to create a microclimate closest to the conditions of natural growth of species so that plants in the winter garden could be well vegetated, not damaged by pests or diseases, as well as could bloom and maintain their ornamental qualities all year round [1]. Therefore, the entire collection of the winter garden was divided according to the illumination requirements of plants into three large groups, and each species is given a brief description of its origin (table 1). The first group – shade-loving plants. They require illumination of 500-1000 Lux in winter and up to 3000 Lux in summer for successful growth. In the natural environment, these species are located in the undergrowth of dense tropical forests and usually have broad to capture the few sunlight penetrating through the crowns. Their high desire for air and soil humidity is the consequence of this location [5, 8]. The second group – shade-enduring plants. These are mainly middle-tier cultures represented by and epiphytes located on the trunks of trees. They also include species growing on the slopes or banks of rivers and lakes. Table 1 – The light need for plant species and their natural growing conditions Attitude to Family Species Growth in nature light intensity Shade-loving Juss. Aglaonema Schott Aglaonema commutatum Schott the lower tier of the tropical rain or monsoon forest of plants Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. South-East Asia, Malay archipelago, New Guinea (1000–3000 Lux) Araliaceae Juss. Schefflera Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms the tropical and gallery forests of Australia (East J.R.Forst. & Schefflera actinophylla cv. Green Gold Queensland and Northern Territory) and the Islands of G.Forst. New Guinea and Java L. Caryota mitis Lour. South-East Asia, the lower tiers of tropical rainforests Chamaedorea Chamaedorea elegans Mart. the lower tier of the rainforests of South America, Willd. Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Mexico Ker Aspidistra elatior Blume it is part of the terrestrial flora in the humid forest areas Juss. Gawl. of South-East and East Asia Aspleniaceae A.B. Asplenium L. Asplenium scolopendrium (L.) Newman trees under protection of their crown in the woods of Frank Europe, Asia, North America Davalliaceae M.R. Nephrolepis Schott. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl under the shade of rainforest trees of both hemispheres Schomburgk. Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott and subtropics of Japan and New Zealand Marantaceae R.Br. Calathea G.Mey. Calathea makoyana E.Morren the second tier of the humidified rainforests of South America L. L. Adiantum raddianum C. Presl the shady wet forests of Eurasia and South Africa L. Pteris cretica L. it grows throughout the tropical and subtropical zone in Pteris longifolia L. the shade of mature forests, rocks and trees Pteris multifida Poir Pteris tremula R. Br. Shade- Juss. Jacobinia L. Jacobinia carnea Lindl. the humid tropical forests of South and Central America enduring Hypoestes Sol. Hypoestes sanguinolenta Hook. the shady areas of tropical rainforests on the island of Madagascar plants (3000 L. Ruellia portellae Hook. tropical and subtropical regions of America, as well as - 5000 Lux) Ruellia makoyana Hort. Makoy ex Closon in the forest belts of Africa and southern Asia Amaryllidaceae Eucharis Planch. & Eucharis grandiflora hort. naturally it grows in the lower tier of the tropical and J.St.-Hil. Linden subtropical rainforests of Central and South America Araceae Juss. Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) Sweet the tropical rainforests of Central and South America Schott. Adans. Monstera obliqua Mig. liana, twining tree trunks in the humid tropical forests Monstera deliciosa Liebm. of the equatorial belt of America Monstera deliciosa cv. Alba Philodendron erubescens K.Koch & liana, climbing the tree trunks of tropical forests of Schott. Augustin South America (Roxb.) Schott the growing on the trunks of trees in East and Hassk Sri Lanka Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl. the trunks of trees of the tropical forests of the Malay Schott. archipelago, the Malay Peninsula and the Solomon Islands Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) the undergrowth of the equatorial rain forests of the Schott. Engl. Philippines, Central and South America Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel Syngonium Syngonium wendlandii Schott. tree trunks of humid tropical regions of Central and Schott. Syngonium podophyllum Schott. South America Araliaceae Juss. Hedera L. Hedera helix L. under the crown of trees in the shady forests of South- West Africa, Madagascar, the Canary Islands, subtropical regions of Europe and Asia Howea Becc. Howea belmoreana endemic of the Lord Howe Island Bercht. & J. Presl (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc. Asparagaceae L. Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop the shady dry tropical and subtropical regions of Africa Juss. Asparagus plumosus Baker Asparagus racemosus Willd. Chlorophytum Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques the bark of trees in the forests of South Africa Ker. Gawl. Cordyline Comm. Cordyline terminalis Kunth. the rainforests of Eastern India, the Malay archipelago, ex R.Br. North-Eastern Australia, Hawaii. Vand. ex (L.) Ker Gawl. the tropical rainforests of Africa and Asia, on the L. Dracaena marginata Hort. Islands of the Canary archipelago Ophiopogon Ophiopogon japonicas (L.f.) Ker Gawl. the shade of trees in the forests of South-East Asia and Ker Gawl. Ophiopogon umbraticola Hance Japan Reineckea carnea (Andrews) Kunth the forests of plains and foothills in the subtropical and Kunth southern temperate zones of Japan and China. Roth Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth the humid subtropics of Japan, China and Korea Bercht Cass. Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC. dense tropical Asian and African forests & J Presl. Acanthostachys Acanthostachys strobilacea the ground and tree trunks of tropical and subtropical Juss. Klotzsch (Schult. & Schult. f.) Klotzsch. forests of America and West Africa Thunb. Billbergia nutans H.Wendl. ex Regel epiphyte: settling on trees in the forests of South and Central America L. B. Neoregelia spectabilis (T. Moore) L.B. the tropical rainforests of South America Sm. Smith L. Tillandsia concolor L.B.Sm. trees in tropical and subtropical forests of Central and South America Commelinaceae Tradescantia L. Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt the humid deciduous tropical and subtropical forests of Mirb. Tradescantia spathacea Sw. America Tradescantia albiflora Kunth. Tradescantia albiflora cv. Albovittata Tradescantia myrtifolia Hort. Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Crassulaceae Sedum L. Sedum morganianum E.Walther dry slopes and meadows of Africa, Eurasia, North and J.ST.-Hil Sedum weinbergii Rose South America Cyperus L. Cyperus alternifolius L. the muddy wet shores of lakes and rivers of tropical Cyperus diffusus Vahl Africa Juss. Acalypha L. Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Pacific Islands (Fiji, Polynesia) Gesneriaceae Kohleria Regel. Kohleria eriantha Hanst. stony soils in the forests of Colombia Dumort. Lamiaceae Clerodendrum L. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. climb up the trunks of tropical West Africa Martinov Lauraceae Juss. Persea Mill. Persea americana Mill. the tropical forests of South and Central America Moraceae Gaudich Ficus L. Ficus benjamina L. tropical forests in South-East Asia, Australia and the Ficus benjamina cv. Starlight Pacific Islands Ficus benjamina cv. Barok Ficus binnendijkii Miq. tropical rainforests in South-East Asia Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. the wet pocosin of South-East Asia Ficus pumila L. the tree crown in the forests of South-East Asia Pipiraceae Giseke. Peperomia Peperomia glabella (Sw.) A.Dietr. trees in the swamp tropical forests of America Ruiz&Pau. Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A.Dietr. Peperomia pereskiifolia (Jacq.) Kunth Urticaceae Juss. Pilea Lindl. Pilea cadierei Gagnep.et Guill. the tropical forests of both hemispheres, excluding Australia Geliophyte Araceae Juss. Alocasia (Schott) Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don rainforests in Australia, Oceania, South and South-East plants (5000 G.Don Asia - 10000 Lux) Araceae Juss. Zamioculcas Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd. et al.) Engl. the desert expanses of tropical Africa Schott. Arecaceae Bercht. Phoenix L. Phoenix canariensis Chabaud endemic to the Canary Islands, where it grows in arid & J. Presl stony and rocky places. Asparagaceae Nolina Michx., Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. the rocky arid areas of the southern United States and Juss. Northern Mexico Sansevieria Thunb. Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce Sansevieria trifasciata Prain dry rocky regions (savannas, deserts, semi-deserts) of tropical and subtropical Africa, Florida, India, Indonesia, Madagascar and Asia Asphodelaceae Aloe L. Aloe arborescens Mill. coastal semi-desert areas and savannas of Africa Juss. Aloe aristata Haw. Begoniaceae Begonia L. Begonia × albopicta W.Bull. near reservoirs and in crevices of rocks of tropical and C.Agardh, Begonia argentea Linden subtropical forests of all continents of the Earth. Begonia bowerae cv. Black Velvet Ziesenh. Begonia bowerae cv. Tiger Ziesenh. Begonia corallina Carriere Begonia erythrophylla Neumann Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto Cactaceae Juss. Austrocylindropunt Austrocylindropuntia salmiana highlands and semi-deserts of South America ia Backeb. (Parm ex Pfeiff.) Backeb Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Backeb. Cereus Mill. Cereus jamacaru DC. rocky region of Central or South America Echinopsis Zucc. Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Pfeiff. & Otto They grow in the valleys and foothills of the Andes from Northern Bolivia to southern . Echinopsis chamaecereus H.Friedrich & deserts of South America Glaetzle Epiphyllum Haw. Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) G.Don trees in the evergreen oak forests of Mexico Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. rock crevices and tree trunks of tropical forests of South America Mammillaria Haw. Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. the dry deserts of northeast Mexico Myrtillocactus Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart. Ex poor heavy soils semi-deserts of Northern and Central Cons. Pfeiff) Cons. Mexico Opuntia (Tourn.) Opuntia leucotricha DC. clay deserts of Mexico Mill. Opuntia vulgaris Mill Savannah, tropical and subtropical deserts and semi- deserts of Central and South America Pachycereus Marginatocereus marginatus (DC.) Backeb. central and southern regions of Mexico (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Stapelia L. Stapelia asterias Masson the semi-arid regions of South and South-West Africa Commelinaceae Callisia L. Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson tropical forests of Mexico Mirb. Cyanotis D. Don. Cyanotis kewensis Clarke. tropics of Africa and Asia Crassulaceae Crassula L. Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. it is growing in the hills, among the rocks in South- J.ST.-Hil West and South Africa Graptopetalum Graptopetalum paraguayence (N.E.Br.) dry rocky slopes of Mexico and South-Western J.ST-Hil. E.Walth. America Kalanchoe Adans. Kalanchoe blassfeldiana Poelln. semi-arid areas of Madagascar Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.- tropical areas of South Africa, South and South-East Homet&Perliet Asia and South America Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Homet Kalanchoe tomentoza Baker. Euphorbiaceae L. Euphorbia leuconeura Boiss. Island of Madagascar Juss. Euphorbia trigona Mill. dry hills of South Africa, Madagascar, subtropics of America Synadeniym Boiss. Synadeniym grantii Hook f. tropical and subtropical zones of Africa Geraniaceae Juss. Pelargonium Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait. rocky slopes of South-East Africa L'Hér. ex Ait. Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait. southern and south-eastern parts of Cape province in South Africa Malvaceae Juss. Hibiscus L. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. South China and North Indochina Oleaceae Jasminum L. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton rainforests of India Hoffmanns & Link. Pandanaceae Pandanus Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi Polynesia, tropics of the Eastern hemisphere R.Br. Parkinson

Their physiological light intensity needs are higher (3000-5000 Lux) because they receive more sunlight [4, 3, 7]. The third group – geliophyte plants. Mainly, it is represented by the flora of dry, rocky, desert and semi-desert regions and mountainous areas. Most often, these are cacti and succulents. Due to their biology, they have adaptations to accumulation and economical consumption of water, and protective mechanisms against excessive insolation (fleshy leaves or trunks, waxy bloom, pubescence, spines, etc.). Their lighting requirement is highest – from 5000 Lux to 10000 Lux [6]. The analysis of the winter garden collection allows us to predict the possibility of growing a particular plant species in the interior of public buildings, winter gardens and apartments, in accordance with the existing level of illumination. Literature 1. Encyclopedia of indoor floriculture / Contributor Golovkin B.N. – M.: Kolos, 1993 – 343 p.

2. Klemeshova K.V., Kelina A.V Winter garden in The State Research Institution All–Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences // Scientific research in subtropics of Russia: collection of scientific works – Sochi, SSI “"Russian Research Institute of

Floriculture and Subtropical Crops” of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013 – P. 201–209.

3. Klemeshova K.V., Kozina Ye.V. Araceae juss. family representatives in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops// Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”, 2016. Vol. 58. – P. 50–54.

4. Klemeshova K.V., Kozina Ye.V. Ornamental deciduous species collection in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops// Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”, 2016. – Vol. 56. – P. 48–54. 5. Klemeshova K.V. Princes of plant kingdom // Floriculture. – 2013 – № 2 – P. 14–18.

6. Klemeshova K.V., Yashmurzina D.S. Collection of succulent plants in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops// Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”. – 2017. – Vol. 62. – P. 225–232.

7. Klemeshova K.V., Yashmurzina D.S. Hanging plant species collection in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops// Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”, 2017. – Vol. 61. – P. 216–222. 8. Klemeshova K.V., Yashmurzina D.S. Staffage cultures in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops // Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”, 2018. – Vol. 64. – P. 190–197.

9. Klemeshova K.V., Yashmurzina D.S. The state of tropical and subtropical species collection in the winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops// Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: collection of scientific works – Sochi, FSBSI “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops”, 2018. – Vol. 65. – P. 195–202. 10. Sheshko P.S. Winter garden. – Rostov-on-Don: Feniks Publisher, 2000. – 354 p. 11. // A working list of all plant species. Available at: http://www.theplantlist.org / (Accessed 22.11.2018).