DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyzing the Light Intensity Need for the Winter Garden Plants Collection

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyzing the Light Intensity Need for the Winter Garden Plants Collection Биологические науки/4. Ресурсоведение и интродукция растений. Kozina Ye.V., Yashmurzina D.S. Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops", c. Sochi, Russia Analyzing the light intensity need for the winter garden plants collection in the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops Winter gardens is a picturesque comfortable area for rest and relaxation, which significantly improves the quality of life [10]. The winter garden of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops can serve as such an example [2]. The objects of research are plants belonging to 39 families, 70 genera and 120 species (cultivars, forms) planted under cover of the Institute [9]. Classification of plants is given in accordance with the electronic catalog The plant list [11]. It is necessary to create a microclimate closest to the conditions of natural growth of species so that plants in the winter garden could be well vegetated, not damaged by pests or diseases, as well as could bloom and maintain their ornamental qualities all year round [1]. Therefore, the entire collection of the winter garden was divided according to the illumination requirements of plants into three large groups, and each species is given a brief description of its origin (table 1). The first group – shade-loving plants. They require illumination of 500-1000 Lux in winter and up to 3000 Lux in summer for successful growth. In the natural environment, these species are located in the undergrowth of dense tropical forests and usually have broad leaves to capture the few sunlight penetrating through the crowns. Their high desire for air and soil humidity is the consequence of this location [5, 8]. The second group – shade-enduring plants. These are mainly middle-tier cultures represented by vines and epiphytes located on the trunks of trees. They also include species growing on the slopes or banks of rivers and lakes. Table 1 – The light need for plant species and their natural growing conditions Attitude to Family Genus Species Growth in nature light intensity Shade-loving Araceae Juss. Aglaonema Schott Aglaonema commutatum Schott the lower tier of the tropical rain or monsoon forest of plants Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. South-East Asia, Malay archipelago, New Guinea (1000–3000 Lux) Araliaceae Juss. Schefflera Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms the tropical and gallery forests of Australia (East J.R.Forst. & Schefflera actinophylla cv. Green Gold Queensland and Northern Territory) and the Islands of G.Forst. New Guinea and Java Caryota L. Caryota mitis Lour. South-East Asia, the lower tiers of tropical rainforests Chamaedorea Chamaedorea elegans Mart. the lower tier of the rainforests of South America, Willd. Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Mexico Asparagaceae Aspidistra Ker Aspidistra elatior Blume it is part of the terrestrial flora in the humid forest areas Juss. Gawl. of South-East and East Asia Aspleniaceae A.B. Asplenium L. Asplenium scolopendrium (L.) Newman trees under protection of their crown in the woods of Frank Europe, Asia, North America Davalliaceae M.R. Nephrolepis Schott. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl under the shade of rainforest trees of both hemispheres Schomburgk. Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott and subtropics of Japan and New Zealand Marantaceae R.Br. Calathea G.Mey. Calathea makoyana E.Morren the second tier of the humidified rainforests of South America Pteridaceae L. Adiantum L. Adiantum raddianum C. Presl the shady wet forests of Eurasia and South Africa Pteris L. Pteris cretica L. it grows throughout the tropical and subtropical zone in Pteris longifolia L. the shade of mature forests, rocks and trees Pteris multifida Poir Pteris tremula R. Br. Shade- Acanthaceae Juss. Jacobinia L. Jacobinia carnea Lindl. the humid tropical forests of South and Central America enduring Hypoestes Sol. Hypoestes sanguinolenta Hook. the shady areas of tropical rainforests on the island of Madagascar plants (3000 Ruellia L. Ruellia portellae Hook. tropical and subtropical regions of America, as well as - 5000 Lux) Ruellia makoyana Hort. Makoy ex Closon in the forest belts of Africa and southern Asia Amaryllidaceae Eucharis Planch. & Eucharis grandiflora hort. naturally it grows in the lower tier of the tropical and J.St.-Hil. Linden subtropical rainforests of Central and South America Araceae Juss. Dieffenbachia Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) Sweet the tropical rainforests of Central and South America Schott. Monstera Adans. Monstera obliqua Mig. liana, twining tree trunks in the humid tropical forests Monstera deliciosa Liebm. of the equatorial belt of America Monstera deliciosa cv. Alba Philodendron Philodendron erubescens K.Koch & liana, climbing the tree trunks of tropical forests of Schott. Augustin South America Rhaphidophora Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott the vine growing on the trunks of trees in East India and Hassk Sri Lanka Scindapsus Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl. the trunks of trees of the tropical forests of the Malay Schott. archipelago, the Malay Peninsula and the Solomon Islands Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) the undergrowth of the equatorial rain forests of the Schott. Engl. Philippines, Central and South America Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel Syngonium Syngonium wendlandii Schott. tree trunks of humid tropical regions of Central and Schott. Syngonium podophyllum Schott. South America Araliaceae Juss. Hedera L. Hedera helix L. under the crown of trees in the shady forests of South- West Africa, Madagascar, the Canary Islands, subtropical regions of Europe and Asia Arecaceae Howea Becc. Howea belmoreana endemic of the Lord Howe Island Bercht. & J. Presl (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc. Asparagaceae Asparagus L. Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop the shady dry tropical and subtropical regions of Africa Juss. Asparagus plumosus Baker Asparagus racemosus Willd. Chlorophytum Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques the bark of trees in the forests of South Africa Ker. Gawl. Cordyline Comm. Cordyline terminalis Kunth. the rainforests of Eastern India, the Malay archipelago, ex R.Br. North-Eastern Australia, Hawaii. Dracaena Vand. ex Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. the tropical rainforests of Africa and Asia, on the L. Dracaena marginata Hort. Islands of the Canary archipelago Ophiopogon Ophiopogon japonicas (L.f.) Ker Gawl. the shade of trees in the forests of South-East Asia and Ker Gawl. Ophiopogon umbraticola Hance Japan Reineckea Reineckea carnea (Andrews) Kunth the forests of plains and foothills in the subtropical and Kunth southern temperate zones of Japan and China. Rohdea Roth Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth the humid subtropics of Japan, China and Korea Asteraceae Bercht Gynura Cass. Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC. dense tropical Asian and African forests & J Presl. Bromeliaceae Acanthostachys Acanthostachys strobilacea the ground and tree trunks of tropical and subtropical Juss. Klotzsch (Schult. & Schult. f.) Klotzsch. forests of America and West Africa Billbergia Thunb. Billbergia nutans H.Wendl. ex Regel epiphyte: settling on trees in the forests of South and Central America Neoregelia L. B. Neoregelia spectabilis (T. Moore) L.B. the tropical rainforests of South America Sm. Smith Tillandsia L. Tillandsia concolor L.B.Sm. trees in tropical and subtropical forests of Central and South America Commelinaceae Tradescantia L. Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt the humid deciduous tropical and subtropical forests of Mirb. Tradescantia spathacea Sw. America Tradescantia albiflora Kunth. Tradescantia albiflora cv. Albovittata Tradescantia myrtifolia Hort. Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Crassulaceae Sedum L. Sedum morganianum E.Walther dry slopes and meadows of Africa, Eurasia, North and J.ST.-Hil Sedum weinbergii Rose South America Cyperus L. Cyperus alternifolius L. the muddy wet shores of lakes and rivers of tropical Cyperus diffusus Vahl Africa Euphorbiaceae Juss. Acalypha L. Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Pacific Islands (Fiji, Polynesia) Gesneriaceae Kohleria Regel. Kohleria eriantha Hanst. stony soils in the forests of Colombia Dumort. Lamiaceae Clerodendrum L. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. climb up the trunks of tropical West Africa Martinov Lauraceae Juss. Persea Mill. Persea americana Mill. the tropical forests of South and Central America Moraceae Gaudich Ficus L. Ficus benjamina L. tropical forests in South-East Asia, Australia and the Ficus benjamina cv. Starlight Pacific Islands Ficus benjamina cv. Barok Ficus binnendijkii Miq. tropical rainforests in South-East Asia Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. the wet pocosin of South-East Asia Ficus pumila L. the tree crown in the forests of South-East Asia Pipiraceae Giseke. Peperomia Peperomia glabella (Sw.) A.Dietr. trees in the swamp tropical forests of America Ruiz&Pau. Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A.Dietr. Peperomia pereskiifolia (Jacq.) Kunth Urticaceae Juss. Pilea Lindl. Pilea cadierei Gagnep.et Guill. the tropical forests of both hemispheres, excluding Australia Geliophyte Araceae Juss. Alocasia (Schott) Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don rainforests in Australia, Oceania, South and South-East plants (5000 G.Don Asia - 10000 Lux) Araceae Juss. Zamioculcas Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd. et al.) Engl. the desert expanses of tropical Africa Schott. Arecaceae Bercht. Phoenix L. Phoenix canariensis Chabaud endemic to the Canary Islands, where it grows in arid & J. Presl stony and rocky places. Asparagaceae Nolina Michx., Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. the rocky
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Asparagus Densiflorus SCORE: 15.0 RATING: High Risk (Kunth) Jessop
    TAXON: Asparagus densiflorus SCORE: 15.0 RATING: High Risk (Kunth) Jessop Taxon: Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): asparagus fern Synonym(s): Asparagopsis densiflora Kunth foxtail fern Asparagus myriocladus Baker plume asparagus Protasparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Oberm. regal fern Sprenger's asparagus fern Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Feb 2021 WRA Score: 15.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tuberous Geophyte, Naturalized, Environmental Weed, Dense Cover, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304
    [Show full text]
  • General Information Bromeliaceae Family
    General Information Bromeliads are a unique and fascinating family of hundreds of extremely diversified and exotic plants, which are amazingly adaptable, tough and relatively easy to grow. People often say that Bromeliads thrive on neglect. The species can tolerate a huge variety of growing conditions including heat, light, air and moisture. No Bromeliads are native to Australia and therefore have all been imported and introduced here. The plants are native to the Southern States of the USA, Central America and deep into South America, with regions like Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, parts of Brazil and as far south as Chile having many and various species. One very primitive species is also found in Africa and has survived since the two continents separated. Bromeliaceae Family The entire bromeliad family called Bromeliaceae, is divided into three subfamilies containing many genera, with the Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae subfamilies being the most popular bromeliads for enthusiasts and collectors. The subfamily Bromelioideae is distributed from Mexico to Argentina and has the greatest number of genera. They are mostly epiphytic, tank-type plants with spiny leaves and berry-like fruit containing wet seeds. The subfamily Pitcairnioideae are the most primitive bromeliads, descended from the grass family. Nearly all are terrestrial. Most have spiny leaves. The seeds are dry and usually winged. The subfamily Tillandsioideae has few genera, but includes about half of the species of bromeliads. Growing throughout the Americas, they are mostly epiphytes. All have spineless leaves. Seeds are dry, with feathery "parachutes" and are blown and float in the wind. The most notable and commercially developed of the family is the edible pineapple (Ananus comosus).
    [Show full text]
  • Beginner's Guide to Bromeliad Names by Derek Butcher May 2015
    Beginner’s Guide to Bromeliad Names by Derek Butcher May 2015 This is a general look at Bromeliad names because, as in life, there are always exceptions to the rule! First let us look at plants found in the wild which Botanists are interested in and which are given two Latin names. One is the genus – or surname and the other is the species name - or given name. Plants have been given these names for some 300 years and there has been duplication and different interpretation which means that various botanists over the years have changed names and also have relegated some names to what we call synonymy. See The New Bromeliad Taxon List at: http://botu07.bio.uu.nl/bcg/taxonList.php This is a list of what I have recorded and the current name is in bold letters. If a botanists name is in brackets it means that he gave the original species name but someone later has changed the genus name. 1 Whenever a new species is named you should have a herbarium specimen or equivalent and a written description. A couple of examples of species: (note the bold black writing in The New Bromeliad Taxon List) Acanthostachys pitcairnioides Acanthostachys strobilacea Jose Donayre 2 Now to a plant you should be familiar with - Aechmea fasciata and how the botanist sees it. You may first see the old names that have been used in the past. But let us concentrate on the bold black. You may have plants with two of the names but what about the other two.
    [Show full text]
  • From Genes to Genomes: Botanic Gardens Embracing New Tools for Conservation and Research Volume 18 • Number 1
    Journal of Botanic Gardens Conservation International Volume 18 • Number 1 • February 2021 From genes to genomes: botanic gardens embracing new tools for conservation and research Volume 18 • Number 1 IN THIS ISSUE... EDITORS Suzanne Sharrock EDITORIAL: Director of Global Programmes FROM GENES TO GENOMES: BOTANIC GARDENS EMBRACING NEW TOOLS FOR CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH .... 03 Morgan Gostel Research Botanist, FEATURES Fort Worth Botanic Garden Botanical Research Institute of Texas and Director, GGI-Gardens NEWS FROM BGCI .... 06 Jean Linksy FEATURED GARDEN: THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Magnolia Consortium Coordinator, ECOLOGICAL PARK & BOTANIC GARDENS .... 09 Atlanta Botanical Garden PLANT HUNTING TALES: GARDENS AND THEIR LESSONS: THE JOURNAL OF A BOTANY STUDENT Farahnoz Khojayori .... 13 Cover Photo: Young and aspiring scientists assist career scientists in sampling plants at the U.S. Botanic Garden for TALKING PLANTS: JONATHAN CODDINGTON, the Global Genome Initiative (U.S. Botanic Garden). DIRECTOR OF THE GLOBAL GENOME INITIATIVE .... 16 Design: Seascape www.seascapedesign.co.uk BGjournal is published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). It is published twice a year. Membership is open to all interested individuals, institutions and organisations that support the aims of BGCI. Further details available from: ARTICLES • Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956, E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.org BANKING BOTANICAL BIODIVERSITY WITH THE GLOBAL GENOME • BGCI (US) Inc, The Huntington Library, BIODIVERSITY NETWORK (GGBN) Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, Ole Seberg, Gabi Dröge, Jonathan Coddington and Katharine Barker .... 19 1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 91108, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf (536.04 K)
    J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ., Vol. 4 (3): 417 - 423, 2013 CHEMOTAXONOMIC STUDY OF FIVE MONOCOT SPECIES FROM NORTH- EASTERN SUDAN Wasfi, M. A., I. Madani and Fatima El - Mubarak Botany Department Faculty of Science, Univ. of K. Sudan ABSTRACT Alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols and saponins were qualitatively screened in different organs of five monocotyledonous species belonging to different genera: Allium cepa L., Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop, Pancratium tortuosum Herbert., Kniphofia nubigena Mildr., and Urginea maritima (L.) Baker. Phenolic compounds were separated using thin layer chromatography to ascertain their relative phylogenetic position. Data collected from the qualitative phytochemical analysis, paired affinity, group affinity and isolation value reflected taxonomically significant information supported the inclusion of these species in different families by many taxonomists in the most recent classification systems. Keywords: Monocot classification, chemotaxonomy, TLC, phenolics. INTRODUCTION Monocot classification had undergone considerable revision in the past four decades particularly in recent years. Cronquist (1968, 1981) and Hutchinson (1973) in their systems of classification assigned the five species selected for the present study: Asparagus, Urginea, Pancratium and Allium to the family Liliaceae and Kniphofia to the family Aloaceae and both families to the order liliales . Dahlgren et al. (1985) placed Kniphofia in Asphodelaceae, Pancratium in Amaryllidaceae Urigina in Hyacinthaceae, Asparagus
    [Show full text]
  • Maranta Leuconeura • Usually Grows About 30Cm Tall • Easy to Grow Plant • Grown for Foliage • Selectively Prune Off Larger Leaves to Promote Air Flow
    Living Walls Indoor Plant List List of recommended plants for use on indoor living walls to assist designers and other specialists with plant choice T: +353 (0)1 627 5177 W: www.sapgroup.com E: [email protected] Indoor Plant List Achimenes Erecta • Trailing plant which grows 45cm long • Bright indirect light • Will flower during the summer months • Normal moisture Adiantum Raddianum • Maidenhair fern • Light shade or dappled sunlight • Moist soil • Grown for foliage Agapanthus • Use dwarf varieties such as Snowball or Baby Pete • Evergreen • Summer flowering • Flowering height 30cm Aglaonema • Thrives in poor light areas • Grown for its foliage • Slow growing • Popular varieties include ‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Silver King’ +353 (0)1 627 5177 www.sapgroup.com [email protected] 1 Indoor Plant List Alocasia Reginula • Bright indirect light • Will rot from base if over wet • Will grow 30cm • May suffer from mealybug and aphids • Toxic if eaten Alocasia Sanderiana • Bright indirect light • Leaves will grow 40cm long • Grown for foliage • May suffer from mealybug and aphids • Toxic if eaten Anthurium Clarinervium • Grown for foliage which can grow 60cm (prune larger leaves) • Bright light but not direct for best growth • Keep soil moist • Neutral PH Anthurium Scherzerianum • Bright spot but no direct sunlight • Flowering from Spring to late summer • Grows 40cm tall • Keep compost moist +353 (0)1 627 5177 www.sapgroup.com [email protected] 2 Indoor Plant List Asparagus Fern • Asparagus Fern is the most popular variety • Grown for foliage • Bright
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Anatomical Adaptations to Dry, Shady Environments in Adiantum Reniforme Var
    Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae) Di Wu1, Linbao Li1, Xiaobo Ma1, Guiyun Huang1 and Chaodong Yang2 1 Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China ABSTRACT The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments. Subjects Conservation Biology, Plant Science Keywords Endodermis, Dictyostele, Sclerenchyma layer, Suberin lamellae, Thin cuticle Submitted 14 April 2020 Accepted 24 August 2020 INTRODUCTION Published 30 September 2020 Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae, subfamily Vittarioideae) is a rare Corresponding authors Guiyun Huang, cliff-dwelling perennial pteridophyte, with a natural distribution limited to small areas of [email protected] Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Sheet on Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid
    Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Chrysanthemum stunt viroid IDENTITY Name: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid Synonyms: Chrysanthemum stunt mottle virus (in part) Taxonomic position: Viroids Common names: CSVd (acronym) Stunt or measles of chrysanthemum (English) Rabougrissement du chrysanthème (French) Stauche der Chrysanthemen (German) EPPO computer code: CHSXXX EPPO A2 list: No. 92 EU Annex designation: II/A2 HOSTS The main hosts of CSVd are florists' chrysanthemums (Dendranthema morifolium) and related ornamentals including Chrysanthemum prealtum, D. indicum and Tanacetum parthenium. Susceptibility varies between cultivars, but generally all-the-year-round cultivars are more susceptible. Many other Asteraceae can be infected experimentally, such as: Achillea spp., Ambrosia trifida, Anthemis tinctoria, Centaurea cyanus, other Chrysanthemum spp., Dahlia pinnata, Echinacea purpurea, Emilia javanica, Gynura aurantiaca, Heliopsis pitcheriana, Liatris pycnostachya, Senecio spp., Tanacetum spp., Venidium fastuosum and Zinnia elegans. Of 39 species and cultivars found to be susceptible, only seven developed discernible symptoms. For more information, see Brierley (1953). See also the section on Biology for remarks on the host range of related viroids. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION EPPO region: Austria (found but not established), Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary (unconfirmed), Italy (including Sicily), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK. Asia: China (Jiangsu), India (Assam, Uttar Pradesh), Japan. Africa: South Africa. North America: Canada (Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario), USA (Kansas, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania). South America: Brazil (São Paulo). Oceania: Australia (South Australia), New Zealand. EU: Present. 2 Chrysanthemum stunt viroid BIOLOGY Initially, the lack of a suitable assay host was a major limitation in determining the nature of the causal agent.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Accounts
    Species accounts The list of species that follows is a synthesis of all the botanical knowledge currently available on the Nyika Plateau flora. It does not claim to be the final word in taxonomic opinion for every plant group, but will provide a sound basis for future work by botanists, phytogeographers, and reserve managers. It should also serve as a comprehensive plant guide for interested visitors to the two Nyika National Parks. By far the largest body of information was obtained from the following nine publications: • Flora zambesiaca (current ed. G. Pope, 1960 to present) • Flora of Tropical East Africa (current ed. H. Beentje, 1952 to present) • Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of 1946 (Brenan & collaborators 1953, 1954) • Wye College 1972 Malawi Project Final Report (Brummitt 1973) • Resource inventory and management plan for the Nyika National Park (Mill 1979) • The forest vegetation of the Nyika Plateau: ecological and phenological studies (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 1997 report (Patel 1999) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 2001 report (Patel & Overton 2002) • Evergreen forest flora of Malawi (White, Dowsett-Lemaire & Chapman 2001) We also consulted numerous papers dealing with specific families or genera and, finally, included the collections made during the SABONET Nyika Expedition. In addition, botanists from K and PRE provided valuable input in particular plant groups. Much of the descriptive material is taken directly from one or more of the works listed above, including information regarding habitat and distribution. A single illustration accompanies each genus; two illustrations are sometimes included in large genera with a wide morphological variance (for example, Lobelia).
    [Show full text]