Vol. XV No. 2 February, 1960 INFORMATION ISSUED ey THE ASSOCfAT/ON OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, Office and Consulting Hours ; FINCHLEY ROAD (Corner Fairfax Road), LONOON, N.W.3 Monday to Tliursday 10 a.m.—l p.m. 3—6 p.m Telephone: MAIda Vala 9096'7 (General Oftice) Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency and Social Services Dept.i

E. G. Loicenthal "IN ERNCTER STUNDE" WHEN THE SWASTIKAS RETIJRI^ED Telegramm des "Council of Jews from Report From Germany Germany" an den Bundespraesidenten Dr. S. Moses (Jerusalem), der Praesidenl Frankfurt/Main, mid-January, 1960 appeared. The Frankfurt University Rektor des " Council of Jews from Germany "—der The anti-Semitic or, rather, anti-democratic recently described the apparent non-existence of Weltorganisation der aus Deutschlcmd stam­ outbursts, starting off with the smearing of the anti-Semitism after the war as embarrassing, menden Juden, deren Mitb&gruender und only recently rededicated Cologne synagogue on pointing out that when at that time a Jew again britische Mitgiiedsorganisation die AJR isi— Christmas Eve, 1959, have since spread to many set foot on German soil, one pretended to be hat an den Bundespraesidenten der Deutschen other areas of Western Germany including West just waiting for him. In saying this (on the Bundesrepublik das folgende Telegramm Berlin, Churches, schools, town halls and other occasion of introducing Rabbi Dr. Kurt Wilhelm, ger ichlel: jion-Jewish public and private buildings have not Stockholm, as professor for Wissenschaft des " Das Praesidium des Council of Jews peen spared either. It is worth noting that even Judentums), Professor Willy Hartner tried to from Germany wendet sich in einer ernsten in places where today not a single Jew is to be indicate that the recent outbursts of anti-Semitism Stunde an den Bundespraesidenten der round, such " hit and run " acts have occurred. in this countrv had not come as a surprise. One is inclined to be reminded of anti-Jewish Deuischen Bundesrepublik, Die Organisa­ outrages of the 'twenties, rather than of symptoms After the War tion der aus Deutschland stammenden Juden ot pre-1933 National Socialism, All the same, in der Welt, die sich berufen fuehlt, das the term " neo-Nazism " is not entirely out of For some time it had gone underground and Vermaechtnis des deutschen Judentums zu place. become latent, suppressed mainly by the fact bswahren, erhebt warnend ihre Stimme, that Allied Occupation Forces ruled Germany, nachdem offenbar geworden is*, dass die However, with the gradual lifting of restrictions No Surprise imposed by military government. anti-Semitic Schatten einer grauenvollen Vergangenheit feelings showed up again. Topical and additional wieder aufzusteigen drohen, Wir haben In spite of the assurances frequently given by motives were made use of, such as the Nuremberg erlebt wie im Zeichen des Hakenkreuzes aus high-ranking spokesmen ever since the end of kleinen Anfaengen eine lawinenailig wach­ World War 11 and, in particular, since the forma­ trials, the internment of former Nazis, the de-nazi­ tion of the German Federal Government in 1949. fication (which, looking at it now from the view­ sende Bewegung entstanden ist, die zu *^rious observers, both in Germany and abroad, of point of selection and results, has proved a unvorsteJlbaren Verbrechen gefuehrt und ^lennan political developments during the last failure), the existence of Jewish D,P,s and the auch dem Zusammenleben von Juden und like. It may be that nowadays the sentences Deutschen ein Ende bereitet hat, Wir haben ecade. have often expressed the view that anti- passed on Nazi criminals in 19.59 and the many ^tnitism in this country is by no means dead, trials in preparation for this year and later, have erlebt, wie ein grosses Volk zum willenlosen Hereby drawing a line between the existence of had their effect on the incidents—insofar as some Werkzeug dieser Bewegung geworden ist, rganised anti-Semitic movements and individual people are afraid of being caught and taken to die die Vernichtung der Menschenwuerde ew-haters. Such individuals, amongst them, no zum Ziel hatte, Jetzt mehren sich die "oubt, quite a few former ordinary Party mem- court. |.^".'not necessarily Nazi activists) whose number Our memory also goes back to the summer of Zeichen, dass die Erinnerung an die sat fi "'' ^° ascertain, appear to be persons dis- 1949, when John J. McCloy, in his capacity as Schreckensherrschaft des Nationalsozialis­ atished with everything and anything, deposed the then U,S. High Commissioner for Germany, mus mehr und mehr verdraengt wird und J,'"?•'" former positions: political adventurers who was rather friendly disposed towards German dass die daemonischen Kraefte wieder wach I avidly"^ to.some sort of political romanticism and political recovery, told a conference of Jewish werden. lu tor a little power and, perhaps, in some cases. leaders at Heidelberg that one test of the German To u^°t'^^ ^^° =°' '"^° trouble with the law. Government-in-the-making would be the steps Wir—in denen die Erinnerung an die Ban^ n ''^^'" ^^ German saying " Mir passt die taken to safeguard the rights of the Jews, " To furchtbaren Geschehnisse lebt zusammen an j^'chtung nicht" is applicable. They seek accept the concept that Jews cannot live and pros­ mit depi Andenken an die Opfer, die wir zu tun?" * scapegoat and some suitable oppor- per in Germany," he added, " is to deny the possi­ beklagen hatten—wissen, dass keine De- kno °^ making their resentments publicly bility of developing democracy within the klarationen von Organisationen und keine to ri, *"^°"'' however, having the guts to come country," That was 10 years ago. The nexus Erklaerungen von Regierungen drohendes all V } 'hemselves. Instead, they make use of between the treatment of Jews in Germany and p>,. '"^ °^ strange elements, mostly of youngsters, the belief in honest and constructive democracy Unheil abwenden werden, Nur eine grund­ ^ven cnminals, was, at that time, as clearly expressed as it has saetzliche Aenderung der Haltung zur now been displayed in a negative sense: those erlebten Geschichte kann die Aussicht firit 1 phenomenon, obviously opposed, in the hidden and hiding elements aim at disrupting and eroeffnen, zu einer besseren Zukunft zu •rst place, to the German Federal Republic, has discrediting Bonn, Germany, with their " Juden gelangen, die solche Schandtaten unmoeg­ een prevailing for the last 15 years, but has only raus!" slogans and, vis-a-vis the pttblic, aim at '-casionally come into the open. One has, there- lich macht. Helfen kann vor allem der the Jews, mutige und unerschuetterliche Entschluss, w^n' ''"j-^ rightly spoken of a more latent right- fuer eine Erziehung zu sorgen, die den Mut 'ng radicalism, bearing all the symptoms of the Reaction ^la-estabhshed anti-Semitism, Warnings time and zur Wahrheit hat und der Jugend zeigt, dass eann" ""^''^'^' referred to the existence and propa- For two or even three weeks in succession the das Hakenkreuz das Zeichen der Schande to th °^ extreme right-wing parties and groups. appearance of the slogans in Western Germany ist. Unsere Hoffnung ist, dass alle apit • "^ conventions and publications and to made front-page headlines. Newspapers, contrary Menschen guten Willens, und an ihrer Spdtze anH •"^- hterature produced by former Nazis to their previous attitude towards symptoms of die Regierung der Bundesrepublik, die the H™^ elements. They referred no less to reviving right-wing radicalism, sometimes drama­ Symptome einer moralischen Erkrankung Jeiv- ?^^^*^''*tions of cemeteries, predominantly tised the significance of recent outbursts, being rechtzeitig erkennen und zielbewusst und the^ totalling more than 200 since the end of doubtless aware of their impact on internal and. still more, foreign German politics just during ruecksichtslos ihre Wurzeln ausrotten 5f^,. ^^r. From recent Federal Government werden." wiistics attempting to analyse the roots of these this crucial world situation. Broadcasting and ^Dvious cnmes it appeared that, whilst no clarifi- television services acted similarly. V "9" was possible in all instances, only two could The smearing in Cologne on Christmas Eve and, ^•^ linked with political motives ; 10 were charged at that, on a synagogue unveiled last September political parties, from Ministers and Town „ .'"finity, five to drunkenness. 60 to marauders, in the presence of Chancellor Adenaur, and all Mayors, from the Church (except the Roman inn j'° ""•"'schief makers". What about the that happened afterwards, came as a deep-felt Catholic church) and all kinds of organisations, shock to the people and to the public. The hflv I""""* demolitions, thc causes of which reacted fairly spontaneously and were hardly population, not so much affected by the immediate attracted by the high rewards offered for finding ave so far remained undiscovered' protests and expressions of sympathy, official and the culprits. in 1945. when total war had led to total chaos. r-emi-official ones, coming from the Federal Presi­ nmf"^u,'^°"^'^ "P^t 'hat anti-Semitism, not dent and the Chancellor, from Parliament and Continued on page 2 'oticeable on the surface, had suddenly dis­ Page 2 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 tolerant Weimar Republic was willing and able When the Swastikas Returned to do, wjll .be more important than the United Nations' Human Rights Commission to which, as Continued from page 1 from and by some sort of national or inter­ proposed by the League for Human Rights, the national headquarters, even if the individually mis­ material on anti-Jewish occurrences is reportedly This time even the man-in-the-street. who is not used hooligans belong to the so-called underworld. to be submitted. so easily interested in political affairs, deplored It must not be overlooked that certain Germans the acts, sometimes thought of rendering help in are highly experienced in creating, inspiring and The Community of the 30,000 tracking down the hooligans and asked questions spreading radicalism (stuffed with anti-Semitic In general, Jews in Germany throughout the in regard to the origin and the background of the slogans). They must be " followed up", even period under review took the occurrences seriously incidents. At the same time he felt somewhat should it turn out that the centre of the swastika but calmly. Some towns with larger Jewish com­ relieved (in his probably bad conscience of his wave was or is situated abroad. munities have so far remained unmolested. The stand in the past) that similar acts had been Central Coimcil of Jews in Germany expressed reported from other parts of Europe and even Measures strongest indignation at the incidents, regarding from both sides of the Atlantic, Well, thank God, German authorities at various levels, and them as directed, in the first place, against the it was not Germany alone! For it is unpleasant Federal Republic, and put forward a number of to be reminded of the Hitler period, so much responsible democratic leaders, have given fre­ quent assurances of taking swift and vigorous demands in order to forestall a reoccurrence. willingly " verdrangt" that it has become almost Though in some towns special police measures taboo. People felt that the whole smearing action measures. Short-term measures such as the severe punishment of the perpetrators—" small fish " as were taken in order to guard Jewish establish­ must have been organised—so to say synchronised, ments, no interruption has been reported in regard WTiat has been felt about the (too) many and they may be—have to be set apart from long- range but quick and effective counter-planning. to the daily administrative routine and to the fully reported, separate demarches, undertaken rehgious, cultural and social activities of Jewish by international Jewish bodies to protest, is not The question whether it is advisable to suppress communities and organisations. Children attended known. Will it not have created in the mind or dissolve alibi-seeking nationalistic groups schools and kindergartens as usual, and Chanukah of the average person the impression that the involved in the onslaught, is open to discussion, parties took place as scheduled. This indicates actual object of the attack was the Jew rather the more so as in the past Germany has experi­ that there was no sign of hysteria, panic or fear ; than the State and the Government? enced some failure in this respect. Will the promulgation of a law against race-instigation, no one spoke of a real danger. However, what Berlin being, in actual fact, nothing but a special " Jew has gone on in the minds of people who have Law", be a wise step? Jews in Germany and to think of their children's future over here. Dr, Adenauer admitted that the reaction in a large number of parliamentarians oppose the remains a matter for speculation—for the lime Berlin set an example for other German Land proposed legislation, and the Bill has now again being. Imagine what their reactions and plans Governments and legal authorities, Berlin, been referred back to Committee stage. Will the would have been had bodily harm been done to largely administered by outspoken democratically old problem of eliminating unrepentant former a single Jew, or if no " economic miracle " pre­ : minded, fairly young personalities and, further­ Nazis from high Government posts and other vailed in Germany, thus replacing the large num­ more, utterly vigilant on account of the East-West leading official positions now be effectively dealt ber of the saturated indifferent by a number of tension, acted remarkably swiftly: some of with? In this direction, stronger requests have grumbling unemployed ! Naturally, once acts of the perpetrators, as everywhere youngsters round been put forward ever since the anti-Semitic open race-instigation have, again, been displayed, about twenty years of age, were caught, severe campaign started. Jewish adults begin to think earnestly and sentences were passed, certain small nationalistic remember their own experiences in the past. . , , groups forbidden. The huge torchhght parade Such and other features, including that of suffi­ on January 9th, when the democratic " Bundes­ cient teaching in schools of contemporary history, A Future? jugendring " representing some six million mem­ of recent history—all not new to observers of the The Cologne swastikas and the other anti-Jewish bers (as compared with the 70-80,000 boys and German political scene and of the German symbols and slogans defacing numerous walls in girls supposed to be organised in nationalistic political " climate"—have now come up more dozens of towns, have again given a strong warn­ youth movements in Westem Germany, not to be emphatically than before. ing, especially to Germany, to ensure that political under-rated by the Govemment and the public!) In this connection it should not be underrated radicalism, whether of the Hitler type or noi, marched past the monument erected in memory that, at least within a limited sphere, something must be curbed at the earliest jyossible stage. of the Nazi victims and also passed the new Berlin has been achieved in the past to make particularly It will be up to those responsible in Germany Jewish Community Centre in Fasanenstrasse had, the younger generation acquainted with what also to trace and to track down the wire-pullers i indeed, a great effect. actually happened in Hitler Germany: the and to punish them so heavily that none will want untiring efforts of the societies for Christian- to follow in their footsteps. Moreover, the respec­ Who is Behind it? Jewish co-operation, making known the fate of tive movement or the co-operating movements Anne Frank, the pilgrimages to the mass graves with headquarters in Germany or outside the At the time of writing, guesses are still going at Bergen-Belsen, and the like, country, have to be watched more closely and on as to the question: "Who gave the order?" more systematically than during the past 10 or The fact that the action began on the eve of Non-Public Opinion 15 years, when "latent" radicalism of that the holiest festival of world Christianity in order Perhaps, at times, an overdose of relevant " creed " put German govemmental agencies slowly to arouse as much sensation as possible, may prove information has been given, and perhaps positive to sleep. that it was well planned and probably most care­ public reaction has been too outspoken, resulting However, all such political deliberations and fully organised. Yet the investigations, surely even in unfavourable repercussions. Schools and legal measures will be of no avail as long as no also with a view to establishing whether the teachers, however, have failed to a large extent to success is reached in making large parts of the coinciding or consecutive incidents were casual contribute their full share. In spite of the many population conscious of their past, in setting up or synchronised, are still pending. In general, so decrees issued by Land Ministries—cuhural affairs a politically clean and undisputable administration far they have met with little success. And that in Germany are govemed on Land level—in the and, above all, in educating both teachers and the action commenced in Cologne on the spot wider sphere of school, higher and adult education, youngsters to think in terms of human behaviour where Chancellor Konrad Adenauer was present very little has yet been achieved to teach most and human rights. last autumn, might indicate that the onslaught was recent German history sufficiently and objectively, For the sake of humanity, freedom and peace, an designed to harm the stability of the Republic and so as to make the generation now growing up episode must not again develop into an epoch. to put blame on the Government, thereby dis­ aware of the injustice and the horrors of that For the Germans this is a dilemma the solution crediting their reputation in the world, rather than particular period, thus helping them to overcome of which is primarily their own task—now and against the small Jewish community in Germany, the " unbewaltigte Vergangenheit "—a term that after the " sensation " of the " symbolic " Cologne numbering not more than about 30,000 souls. has become almost a common slogan in certain smearing has faded out, The Cologne incident, setting into motion a and well-meaning German circles. In addition, chain of similar smearings in this and in at least the setting-up of political debating clubs would REACTION IN GREAT BRITAIN 20 other countries, has been charged to the serve a useful purpose. The anti-Semitic incidents in Germany, this '" Deutsche Reichspartei" (DRP), a minor Here non-public opinion comes in. To this country and other parts of the world have NSDAP-like political party of some 16,000 aspect German broadcasting stations have fre­ been widely reported and commented on in the inscribed members. It is not surprising that their quently drawn attention. Only relatively few of national press as well as on sound and television leader, a former deputy head of the Nazi farmers' the older generation, parents and teachers alike, broadcasts. organisation, condemned the perpetrators and even who in some way or other were involved in the A silent protest march to the German Embassy sent apologies to the Cologne Jews, He thereby Nazi movement, are not easily disposed to admit in London, organised by the Association of Jewish acted in the same way as Hitler did when, at to their children and pupils that Hitler and his ex-Service Men and Women took place on least prior to 1933, he officially kept away, for party-gang meant terror, inhumanity, mass-murder Sunday, January 17th, It is estimated that approxi­ instance, from people who had desecrated Jewish and war, in other words: led to shame, and that by mately 35,000 persons (about one-third of them cemeteries. bringing Nazi ideals back to life only evil can be non-Jews) took part in the demonstration, A Some, and not so few, people believe in instiga­ expected. Thus subjects such as " National protest letter was handed to the German Charge tion from the political left—the easiest and to Socialism " and " Jews " create sometimes a feel­ d'Affaires, Dr. Joachim Ritter, by the leaders of many Western Germans the most welcome expla­ ing of insecurity and of fear in the minds of the the march, Mr. F. Ashe Lincoln, Q.C., Mr, nation. Some feel that certain reactionary groups older generation and, for this reason, are rather Barnett Janner, M,P,, Dr, Donald Soper, Mr, living in Germany, such as the Hungarian avoided. This is likely to be the most decisive Anthony Greenwood, M.P,, and the Bishop of refugees, have had a hand in it. Others search element in the trouble disturbing Western Ger­ Southwark, Dr, Mervyn Stockwood, for aggression centres in this country or abroad, many's intemal peace. Can this deep-rooted A delegation of the Board of Deputies was in Sweden or in Austria, realising that a chain or element (with all the pre-Hitler nationalistic relics) received by the Home Secretary, Mr, R, A, Butler, snowball action like this cannot be carried out ever be eradicated ? and given the assurance that firm steps would be efficiently merely by some insane or young At any rate, Bonn Germany acting energetically taken to deal with the anti-Semitic outbreaks and criminals, but must have wire-pullers and directives and displaying a stemer attitude than the too swastika daubings in Britain, AJR INFORMATION February, I960 Page 3 BEDIENSTETE JUEDISCHER GEMEINDEN RESTITUTION AND COMPENSATION Nunmehr Zustaendigkeit des neu errichteten DELTSCH-BELGISCHES ABKOMMEN entzogenen Gueter vom belgischen Staat Ent­ Buodesverwaltungsamts schaedigung geleistet wurde, werden 80 per cent Enlzogener Hausrat dieser Zahlung von der durch die Bundesregierung Durch Gesetz vom 28.12,1959 (BGB1,I, S.829) zu leistenden Summe in Abzug gebracht, ist im Geschaeftsbereich des Bundesministers des Das Bundesgesetz vom 19,7.1957 (Bundes- Innern eine selbstaendige Bundesoberbehoerde I'tieckerstaiiungsgeselz) und insbesondere § 5 dieses Antragsteller, welche ihre Antraege durch die unter der Bezeichnung " Bundesverwaltungsamt " Gesetzes sieht eine Entschaedigung fuer vom A,I,V,G. oder die U.R.O, gestellt haben, werden errichtet worden. Das Bundesverwaltungsamt Deutschen Reich oder dessen Rechlstraegem in von diesen Organisationen informiert werden, erledigt in eigener Zustaendigkeit Verwaltungs- den besetzten Laendern entzogene und nachweis­ welche Belege sie noch zu erbringen haben, um aufgaben, die ihm durch das Gesetz vom lich nach Westdeutschland oder nach Berlin die bevorzugte Durchfuehrung ihrer Anspr.ueche 28,12,1959 oder durch andere Bundesgesetze zurueckgefuehrte Gueter vor, zu ermoeglichen, welche das Abkommen fuer die zugewiesen werden. durch diese Organisationen vertretenen Faelle Unter der Bezeichnung " M-Aktion" wurden vorsieht. Nach § 4 des Gesetzes ist das Bundesver­ Waehrend der Besatzung die juedischen Wohnun­ waltungsamt zustaendig fuer die Versorgung gen von einer Nazidienststelle. dem Einsatzstab Geschaedigte, welche ihre Ansprueche direkt in frueherer Bediensteter juedischer Gemeinden oder Rosenberg, systematisch gepluendert, 72,000 Deutschland eingereicht haben, haben die Moeg­ oeffentlicher Einrichtungen und ihrer Hinterblie­ Wohnungen wurden bei dieser Aktion geleert und lichkeit, sich schriftlich an die A.I.V.G,, 121 a, benen riach § 31 BWGoeD, Es uebernimmt oeren Inhalt in 29,436 Eisenbahnwagons nach Chaussee de Charleroi, Bruessel, zu wenden um daher die Aufgaben der bisherigen Bundesstelle Deutschland verbracht, Fuer Belgien allein belief zu erfahren, unter welchen Bedingungen ihr Antrag fuer Verwaltungsangelegenheiten des Bundes­ S!ch die Zahl der entzogenen Wohnungseinrich­ durch' dieses Hilfswerk vertreten werden kann, ministers des Innern, ohne dass eine Aenderung tungen auf ca, 8,000. Geschaedigte, welche einen Recbtsanwalt mit der Stellung ihres Antrags betraut haben, werden von des Verfahrens oder der materiellen Rechts­ Das Recht auf Entschaedigung konnte auf diesem die noetigen Auskuenfte ueber die Durch­ vorschriften eintritt, Grund des Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetzes vom fuehrung ihres Anspruchs erhalten. 19-7,1957 nur unter dem Nachweis der Verbringung BEAMTEN-PENSIONEN "*•• entzogenen Gueter nach Deutschland oder KRUPP COMPANY AGREES TO PAY "jach Berlin geltend gemacht werden. Da ein FORMER JEWISH SLAVE LABOURERS Jerartiger Nachweis fuer die grosse Mehrheit der Bedienstete von " Nichtgehietskoerperschaf ten " y^^haedigten unmoeglich zu erbringen ist, war es An agreement under which the Fried. Krupp Wie bereits bei friiherer Gelegenheit berichtet offensichtlich, dass eine Anwendung des Gesetzes- Company will pay an initial sum of DM 6,000.0()0 wurde, fallen unter das Gesetz zur Regelung der textes in Belgien nur auf Grund direkter Verhand- ($1,428,000), which may be increased to Wiedergutmachung national-soziaJistischen Un- 'ungen mit der deutschen Bundesregierimg zu DM 10,000,000 ($2,380,000) to former Jewish rechtes fuer Angehoerige des oeffentlichen «rreichen war, Eine aehnliche Lage bestand in concentration camp inmates who were forced Dienstes auch Nichtgebietskoerperschaften (Koer­ trankreich und Holland, labourers during the Nazi regime in various Krupp perschaften, Anstalten und Stiftungen des oeffent­ Die Verhandlungen, welche seit nun 2 Jahren factories, was reached between the Conference on lichen Rechtes). Die Einbeziehung muss jeweils 4Urch die " Aide aux Israelites Victimes de la Jewish Material Claims Against Germany and the durch besondere Rechtsverordnung erfolgen. Guerre" (AlVG) und das -'Office de Recupera­ Krupp Company. Eine Liste der einbezogenen Nichtgebietskoenper- tion Economique" (ORE) mit dem Ministerium The final agreement was worked out following schaften wurde in einer Sonderbeilage zu " AJR ^ler Finanzen der Deutschen Bundesrepublik discussions in New York and Essen, which were Information " vom Februar 1956 veroeffentlicht, gefuehrt wurden, um das Bundesrueckerstatitungs- conducted in a friendly atmosphere and which Diese Liste ist jetzt durch eine weitere Verord­ Sesetz vom 19,7,1957 auf in Belgien stattgefundene resulted in a mutually acceptable solution to this nung vom 1,12,1959 ergaenzt worden, die im tntziehungsmassnahmen anzuwenden, konnten dilficult problem, Mr. Blaustein, Senior Vice- Bundesgesetzblatt vom 8,12,1959 verkuendet nun erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden. President of the Claims Conference, stated : " The worden ist. Durch diese Verordnung sind fol­ Das geschlossene Abkommen sieht einen Ver- agreement is intended to serve the best interest of gende Nichtgebietskoerperschaften neu einbezogen gleich vor, welcher, auf Grund einer vereinfachten Jewish claimants and represents an important step worden : t^rozedur, die rasche Erledigung der Entschaedi- in the effort to alleviate some of the distress of 74. Ausschuss (iir Kindcransialien c.V., Hamburg, mil gungsantraege ermoeglicht. Dieses Abkommen surviving victims of Nazi persecution. It follows den ihm anscschlosscncn Einrichtungen; 75. Landeszen- steht alien in Belgien geschaedigten Personen offen, the pattern established in the 1957 agreement irale Hamburg der Vercinigung fUr SSuglings- und Klein- *elche ihren Entschaedigungsantrag in Deuitsch- kinderschutz e.V.: 76. Landesverband fur Volksgesund- between the Claims Conference and the I. G. heitspflege e.V'., Hamburg ; 77. Breslauer Vercin zur land vor dem 31.3.1959 gestellt haben. Farben Company," Bekampfung der Tuberkulose e.V.; 78. Gemeinnutzigc Auf Grund dieses Uebereinkommens erachten Theaier- und Musik-Gesellschaft m.b.H., Saarbriicken. ^le deutschen Behoerden 80 per cent der in Belgien It is envisaged that approximately DM 5,000 Die Angehorigen der unler Nummern 74 bis 78 aufge- per person will be paid to eligible former Jewish fiihricn Einrichlungen stnd nur einbezogen. wenn sie als r? 1942 im Rahmen der " M-Aktion " entzogenen Geschadiglc: (a) der unier Nummcr 74 genannlen Ein- ^obihare als nach Westdeutschland oder Berlin concentration camp inmates who worked in the richiung am 30. Januar 1940: (b) der unler Nummem ^erbracht. Die restlichen 20 per cent werden nicht Krupp factories. Should the amount of 75 und 76 genannlen Einriehtungen im Zeitpunkt des Ueber- entschaedigt, da sie als in Belgien verblieben oder DM 6,000,000 prove inadequate to provide pay­ gangs auf die Freic und Hanscstadt Hamburg; (c) der unler Nummcr 77 genannlcn Einrichlung im Zeilpunkl nach Ostdeutschland transportiert angesehen ments on this basis to all eligible claimants, the des Uebergangs auf die Stadt Breslau (I November 1942); werden. Krupp Company will provide additional funds up (d) der unicr Nuramer 78 genannten Einrichtung im Zeit­ to DM 4,000,000, bringing the total payment to punkt des Uebergangs auf die Stadi Saarbriicken (1 Sep­ Die durch die Entziehungsaktion in Belgien a maximum of DM 10,000,000. tember 1936); die Altersgrenze noch nichl erreicht hatten geschaedigten Antragsteller haben die Moeglich- und noch dienstfahig warcn. ^it, ohne Nachweis des Wertes des enzogenen The agreement is the outcome of negotiations Antraege auf Gmnd dieser neuen Verordnimg ^ausrals einen Vergleich auf Grund der Zimmer- conducted over a number of years for the pur­ muessen binnen einem Jahr nach der Verkuendung ^zahl der im Zuge der M-Aktion geraeumten pose of providing compensation to former Jewish —^also bis zum 8,12.1960^—beim zustaendigen wohnung zu schliessen. Das Uebereinkommen labourers in the Krupp factories, without com­ Deutschen Konsulat gestellt werden, Wenn nat den Durchschnittswiederbeschaffungswert eines pelling them to engage in long and costly Antraege bereits gestellt sind, ist ein neuer Antrag '•immers auf 6,000—DM, festgestellt, von welchen litigation. nicht erforderlich. °V per cem, das sind 4.800—DM. pro geraeumtes f-immer im Vergleichswege bezahlt werden. Diese The Claims Conference has set up a Trust, the Pauschale Entschaedigung umfasst alien den Compensation Treuhand G.m,b.H„ Staufenstr, 29a. yeschaedigten entzogenen Hausrat einschliesslich Frankfurt am Main, to carry out the terms of the S^^ in der Wohnung gewesenen Schmuckes, agreements with the I. G, Farben and Krupp '^andschmuckes und Gebrauchssilber, Ausgenom- Companies, Application forms may be obtaiiied BANK ^^n sind Entziehungen von Wertpapieren, on request to that office. The Compensation ^nmuck- und Kunstgegenstaenden von musealem Treuhand will go into the claims submitted and r^rt, sowie Sammlungen und Bibliotheken mit payments to eligible claimants will follow, KOSCHLAND & HEPNER ^^nderem Wert, vorausgesetzt, dass deren ^lederbeschaffungswert 50 per cent des fuer die GESETZ ZUR ANPASSUNG DES uebrige Wohnungseinrichtung anzuerkennenden RECHNUNGSJAHRES AN DAS LTD. pcnadensersatzbetrages uebersteigt. Die zur Ausue- KALENOERJAHR Durch Gesetz vom 29,12,1959 (BGBI,I, S,832) w" Gegenstaende sowie Warenlager und ist die Reichshaushaltsordnung dahin geaendert "^aschinen, die mit dem Hausrat entzogen wurden, worden, dass das Rechnungsjahr mit dem I. Zurich, Selnouttrotse 6 Montreux, 96 Grand' Rue ^oennen ebenfalls durch eine Pauschalabgeltung Januar beginnt und mit dem 31. Dezember *°n 4,800-DM. pro Gewerberaum entschaedigt schliesst, Bisher begann das Rechnungsjahr mit Tel.: 051 27 06 30 Tel.: 021 6 22 35 erden. es sei denn. dass der Antragsteller den dem I. April und schloss mit dem 31, Maerz. l^^nspnich hinsichtlich dieser Gegenstaende geson- Der Bundesminister der Finanzen erlaesst die zur Telex : 5 25 62 Telex : 2 42 68 "ert fuehren will. In diesem Falle muess'e er Anpassung des Rechnungsjahres an das Kalender- ^«n individuellen Nachweis des Entzuges und der jahr erforderlichen Verwaltungsvorschriften, '^nkunft der Gueter in Westdeutschland erbringen. , '^lle in Belgien entschaedigten Antragsteller Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob und inwieweit die ^oennen den Globalnachweis der Verbringung von Vorschriften des § 32 BRueG ueber die Befrie­ ALL INTERNATIONAL BANKING °^ per cent des Hausrats nach Westdeutschland, digung der rueckerstattungsrechtlichen Ansprueche »^i'* die im Abkommen vorgesehene Vergleichs- gegen das Deutsche Reich, die Befriedigung bis TRANSACTIONS «niung pro Zimmer fuer sich in Anspruch zum Ablauf des Rechnungsjahres I960 bezw, nehmen. In alien Faellen, in welchen fuer die 1961 vorsehen. abgeaendert werden werden. .,Mmmsm mB^^mm ^mm ^^^^""^'^••"''"^^"^

Page 4 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 Egon Larseii forces, he was, in fact, in sole charge of the Salonika area. Among the witnesses whom he called to testify that he was only a " tool " in the ONE WHO GOT AWAY hands of the Nazi administration was General Engel, former aide of Brauchitsch. One of the witnesses. Dr. Parisius, senior official in the The Strange Story of Max Merten German military Government at Salonika, said under oath that Merten arrived with him from One day early in November, 1959, police officers representative of a former collaborator, Arthur Vienna at Salonika only in August, 1942. But were waiting for the airliner from Athens at Meissner. who escaped with him in 1944. Next many other witnesses saw him directing the Riem. Munich's airport. When the passengers day he was arrested at his hotel. notorious Jews" parade in July of that year alighted, one of them, a man called Max Merten, For nearly two years, Merten was kept at the was arrested. The warrant had been issued by Averoff Prison in Athens while the charge against The verdict was reached on March 5th. 1959. the West Beriin Supreme Court and. accordingly, him was prepared. There is some evidence that Merten was found guilty on 13 of the 20 counts. the arrested man was sent on to Berlin, where the Greek Government may have tried to avoid He was sentenced to 25 years' imprisonment, and the prison gates closed behind him. a trial which could only develop into a show went back to jail—but only for another seven trial—Greece had arrived at an understanding months. Then the Greek Government passed a Ten days later, on November 16th, they opened new law suspending all further prosecutions of again, and out walked Max Merten. a free man. with the Federal Republic to hand war criminals over to the German authorities, and it is said war criminals. This time. Max Merten was not As these lines go to print nothing new has been exempted. He was a free man again. heard of him ; nor have all the anxious questions that in the autumn of 1958. when the Greek Prime why he was suddenly released and on whose Minister Karamanlis visited Bonn, he was, in The Great Conspiracy authority, been satisfactorily answered. But an fact, asked to return Merten to Germany, answer there must be ; for this man has been tried But Greek public opinion demanded the trial, We know what followed : return to Germany, and found guilty of playing a decisive part in the also for the reason that the people wanted to arrest, and again release without explanation, deportation of at least 50,000 Jews to the Nazi know the names of Merten's Greek collaborators. Jewish organisations, among them the World gas chambers. So the Government had to go through with it, and Jewish Congress, have asked for information and when in January, 1959. an amnesty was declared expressed their most anxious concern at the manner in which the case of Max Merten has Return—Why 7 for all German war criminals in Greece, Max Merten was expressly exempted from it. been dealt with, especially in view of the fact The story of Max Merten is strange, and many A neutral observer might have got the impres­ that the German Federal authorities have set up of its details are still obscure. It must be seen sion that the Greek authorities did everything to a special Central Agency for the investigation of against the background of Greek Jewry. When placate public opinion with a show of ferocious such crimes as those of which Merten has been Hitler occupied the Balkans there were 77,000 justice while planning all the time to get rid of convicted. Jews in that country, and Salonika was their Merten as soon as practicable, with as little There are some questions that enter the mind. main economic and cultural centre with more than annoyance to Bonn as possible. For instance, he Has Merten powerful friends behind the scenes? 56,000 souls—a quarter of the town's population. was shown in handcuffs to the jeering crowd Are there other persons whose records might be They were the descendants of Spanish Jews who before the session of the Special Military Court investigated if the case were brought before a had found tolerance and encouragement under on the first day of his trial : from the second German court? Merten takes the line that he the Turkish Sultans: patrician families, many of day on he was brought in by a side entrance and " acted on higher orders". Who gave these them still with such famous names as Fernandez. without handcuffs. The fat balding man with the orders? His immediate superior was Dr. Walter Pereira, Modiano. Ezrati, Calderdn. They had puffy face, betrayed little fear of his fate and Blume, German Security Police Commander in been craftsmen and merchants, respected all over no pangs of conscience as the long charge sheet Athens ; he was on the Allied list of " wanted the Eastern Mediterranean region. was read out. war criminals" in 1945. his part in the Nazi Today, the entire Jewish population of Greece administration of Greece was discussed at the is no more than 10.000. Their wealth has gone Grave Charges Nuremberg trials, yet he is still a free man in the and their great centre at Salonika has ceased to There were three main categories of charges, Federal Republic. British officials have questioned exist. The survivors, and with them Greek public altogether 20 counts. They concerned the mal­ him. and surely the files could be made available opinion, regard as the man responsible for this treatment of Jews and his action on July llth, in London ; Jewish organisations will, no doubt, disaster the Berlin lawyer Max Merten, who 1942 (the "parade"): the murder of 682 Greek ask for them. arrived with the German troops at Salonika in hostages; and the deportation of the Salonika The caw of Max Merten shows again that it is December. 1941, then a 30-year-old captain of Jews to forced labour and extermination camps, difficuh to bring those responsible for the murder the Wehrmacht. Soon he was entrusted with the .\ long list of witnesses had been drawn up by asd torture of Jews to justice if they are dealt military administration of Macedonia. Among both prosecution and defence, and there were with as isolated individuals. Each of them, when the population he is still remembered as their some extraordinary stories among their testimonies, brought before a court, has tried to pass the buck " overlord" with unrestricted power over life A defence witness, for instance, said that Merten of responsibility to others, sometimes with con­ and death ; as the man who. on July llth, 1942, had written to Berlin in 1942 pointing out that spicuous success. What we have here is a great made all the male Jews between 18 and 44 parade the German anti-Jewish laws could not be applied conspiracy to exterminate the Jews of Europe-— in Salonika's main square, 9,000 of them—they to the Greek Jews, Dr, Hans Globke, then at and as a conspiracy—in the English legal sense— were forced to do physical jerkr under the scorch­ the Ministry of the Interior, the famous " com­ these cases should be treated by the courts so as ing sun and the lajh of the S.S, whips until they mentator " of the Nuremberg Laws, replied to plug the loopholes through which some of the dropped. Then they were distributed to forced (according to the defence) that Merten should not guilty men have escaped from justice. labour camps in other parts of Greece, Very few interfere in matters that did not concern him, but of these 9,000 survived ; they died of torture, carry out orders and read Dr. Globke's com­ hunger and epidemics. mentaries. Dr. Globke, who is now Secretary of Nearly all the other Jews of Salonika—46,061 State to Dr. Adenauer, declared that he had never women, children and old men—were deported heard of Merten's letter. between March and July. 1943, in 18 transport According to the prosecution. Merten had BEORGE WOLFF trains bound for the Polish extermination camps ; accumulated a fortune of 1.5 million gold pounds each freight truck was filled with 70 people, the b> " blackmailing, robbing and extortioning doors were sealed, and neither food nor water bribes •' from Jews. Goldsmiths' workshops, hard­ was given to them. Many were already dead ware stores, furniture shops, were said to have PHOTOGRAPHY when they arrived at their places of execution. been looted by Merten, and one of the most These are the outstanding facts. But how much serious charges was that he promised a number was Merten responsible for them? of rich Jews that he would save them from In 1944, when the Allies advanced in the Bal­ deportation if they paid up in gold. In the kans, Merten departed from Salonika in a small autumn of 1942 he was alleged to have received private plane, A year later he was an inmate of £25.000 in gold in five instalments from them for FASHION the American camp for suspected Nazis in Bad that purpose, but they were deported just the Aibling, In 1949, the U,S, occupation authorities same. decided that there was not sufficient evidence for The Swiss Professor, R^ne Burkhardt, at the opening a case against him. and he was released time delegate of the International Red Cross in and duly denazified (Group V), He returned to Salonika, testified that there were two Red Cross ADVERTISING his former occupation of counsel at the Berlin ships in Salonika in the spring of 1943, and courts of law, and in all probability his name, Merten said he wanted to send IO,0(X) Jews, mainly like that of so many others, would have been women and children, to Palestine in them. forgotten. Then, however, something strange Merten. said Burkhardt, had actually contacted happened. by raido a British commando post to let the PORTRAITURE On April 22nd, 1957, Max Merten stepped from ships pass ; but the deportations went on just the an airliner at the airport of Athens. He had come same, " on business ", representing a number of German Merten's line of defence was based on two firms in dealings with Greek travel bureaux. His points, which contradicted each other: (a) that wife told journalists that he went to a member of he was an unimportant functionary who had to the German legation in Athens who assured him obey superior orders, and (b) that he, personally, 32 CLARGES ST., that it was completely safe for him to see the saved many Jewish lives. Neither of these points Greek General-Attorney of State at the War was accepted by the court. Although, technically, GROsvenor 4746 Crimes' Oflice. Merten went, probably as legal merely an " adviser " to the German occupation AJR INFORMATION February, 1968 Page 5 Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) ANGLO JUDAICA ZARCHIN'S BREAK THROUGH ON THE New Year Honours In the New Year Honours List Mr, Myer "WATER FRONT" Galpern, who had the distinction of being the One would look in vain for the name of Alex­ who did not show much interest. After some diffi­ first Jew to be made a Lord Provost in Scotland, ander Zarchin in the " Who's Who in Israel"; nor culties he obtained a position with the Weizmann has received a Knighthood, Mr, Michael Israel Would he be found among the academic members Institute without, however, having much freedom Michaels, Under-Secretary in the oflice of the of the Weizmann Institute, the Technion or the for his own scientific research. Members on the Minister for Science, has received a C.B. Mrs. Hebrew University. One would not even meet staff of the Institute are not allowed to participate Rebecca D, Sieff, Worid President of Wizo and fjim in his laboratory (for the location of the place in press polemics : the rule was broken when President of the Federation of Women Zionists, somewhere in Israel" is still a closely guarded Zarchin used his pen for a pubhc reply to a and Mr. Cyril Moss, Assistant Keeper in the secret), but in a shabbily furnished hotel room in statement by the Finance Minister, Levi Eshkol, Department of Oriental Books and Manuscripts the older section of Tel Aviv, a room which he and this ended his short-lived career in Rehovoth, at the British Museum, have received the award has shared with his wife for the past thirteen years. The Scientific Council of the Prime Minister's of the O.B,E, Mr, Tom Joshua Phillips, Secre­ there, among heaps of papers, remnants of food Office, to which he submitted his project—'by then tary of the London Jewish Board of Guardians and articles of laundry, his head covered by a adapted to Israeli conditions—did not think it since 1946, has received the M.B.E. skullcap, he studies charts or the Talmud. It economically feasible, and Zarchin would have was of Alexander Zarchin that Mr, David Carr, suffered the fate of so many an inventor before r^resident of one of the world's leading water him, ending up as a crank, had not the Director Sholem Aleichem Centenary engineering firms, said lately that he had opened General of the Ministry of Development, ''P " a new dimension in science". Menahem Bader, heard of him. After a meeting On January 3rd, the Sholem Aleichem Cen­ . Born 62 years ago in Poltava in the Ukraine, lasting for several hours Zarchin convinced Bader tenary Year was commemorated by a very large "> an Orthodox house and steeped deeply in reli­ of the practicability of his project, and the attendance at a pubhc meeting at the Adolph gious and Hebrew learning, his father, himself a Ministry appropri.ated a special budget for design­ Tuck Hall, Woburn House. Dr. A. Steinberg, who "assid, in addition to a thorough Jewish back­ ing and constructing a pilot desalination plant. presided, welcomed Chief Rabbi Brodie and also ground, gave his son a worldly education, Alex­ .\gainst the opposition of scientific circles in the the representative of the International PEN Club. ander studied industrial chemistry at the Leningrad country Zarchin continued with his experiments. •echnological Institute, specialising in metallurgy Mr. Paul Tabori, Jews throughout the world, Only too often the speciqjly designed machinery said Dr, Steinberg, were rejoicing over the com­ "t light rnetals. In 1931 he attended a lecture by broke down, or the results deviated from the the Arctic explorer Papanin, who described his memoration of this event, and Israel and the calculations. In the meantime, Zarchin had U,S,S,R, had issued special stamps for the occa­ experiences during an eight-month sojourn on obtained a patent for his desalination method— pack-ice. To Zarchin's question how drinking he claims to have taken out another 22 patents sion. Even in China Sholem Aleichem had been water was available, Papanim replied : " Natur- for various inventions—and during the past two translated into Chinese, The Chief Rabbi said ^'ly. we melted the ice." Eskimos have known years he perfected his project to such an extent that Sholem Aleichem's influence had continued, •he rudiments of this natural separation for that the Ministry thought the time was ripe for although he died in 1916, and his works were tnousands of years and have used it as one way calling in private investors. acclaimed both by the secular and religious, by 01 obtaining their fresh water. those who were nationalist and those who had The water supply corporation, Fairbanks- repudiated the nationalist approach, " He still Zarchin's imagination was caught. He wanted Whitney, of Chicago, sent their President, David moves us to laughter and to tears. He still '° exploit the fact that sea-water ice does not Carr. and two top engineers to Israel to study speaks to us of etemal Jewish values," 9^ntain salt, and, if melted, gives sweet water. His the project. They were shown everything—^but 'oea was to develop a cheap technical method for three essential parts, Zarchin's top secret °n this natural basis for the desalination of water, The negotiations were on the verge of breaking 'tl the course of time Zarchin devised a continuous down when the inventor relented and revealed Writers Agaiast Discrimination process by which sea water is frozen, with a fluid "the heart of the matter" to them, Mr, Carr's residue containing salts being pumped out. the ice first reaction was : "It takes a genius to make Twenty-eight British writers, including such then being melted down and new sea water at things so simple," Then he added : " This is names as Somerset Maugham, Julian Huxley, Daphne du Maurier, J, B, Priestley and C, P, the same time being frozen again—a low-cost one of the great scientific break-throughs man­ ntethod which, according to his calculations, saves kind has been waiting for since time immemorial. Snow, have issued a manifesto declaring their P '° 95 per cent of the energy. Without false humility, I can say that we will belief that racial discrimination is " a relic of J here are certain areas in Russia where sweet not be able to match this invention for years barbarism and akin to the race hatred of Hitler's r'ater is not available, but where water of high to come," Within twenty-four hours the contract maniacal reign ", j.a't content is abundant. The Red Army authori- was signed. so^ H -^"^^ interested in Zarchin's work and spon- Construction of the first industrial desalination de 1- '', ^or some time; they even erected a plant in Israel, with a capacity of 250,000 gallons " Anti-Social Behaviour and the Commnnity " esalination planf in Turkestan for his experi- of fresh water per day, is to begin this year. The •nents. However, Zarchin was not only a deeply second plant is to be built in the South-'WeStem A four-man panel of the Jewish Forum of the eiigious Jew but also an ardent Zionist, and for part of the United States, \Vorld Jewish Congress (British Section) recently , "e of his projects—connected with magnesium— Should Zarchin's invention fulfil its promises discussed Anglo-Jewry under the above heading. th ^^'^ ^^^ initials " IZIE." the first letters of there will be a good chance to feed the additional The view was expressed that "the misdeeds of a ,ne Hebrew phrase " For Zion's sake, I will not 1,000 million people who. by the end of this few could never spoil the solid progress and the •^eep silent" (Isaiah 62: I). A Jewish oflicer in century, will have raised the world population to proud record of Anglo-Jewry" during the last an , .^'^' Secret Police discovered the Biblical a figure of 3,700 million : a large part of the three centuries. While the whole Jewish com­ ^yO'ation, and Zarchin was arrested for Zionist earth's wastelands will, thanks to water desalina­ munity was often judged by the misbehaviour of j^mpathies, and sentenced to five years in Siberia. tion, be brought under the plough, a few of its individual members, any talk of .:j"^"*g his imprisonment he was allowed to con­ Zarchin is not talkative and no great friend sanctions or excommunication directed against sent scientific work and, while still under of press interviews. When joumahsts called on them was absurd, "The writ of thc community with v,^' ^^ developed another project dealing him after the signing of the agreement with the does not run over its individual members," Frill extraction of fuel from bitumen stone. Fairbanks-Whitney Corporation, he had just wiowing his release in 1939 he was not allowed retumed from saying his evening prayers at a Wa ^^K '" °"* °^ '^^ major cities. When the near-by synagogue—which he visits twice a day— Arm °^^ <*tit he was recruited into the Red and was studying his daily page of the Talmud. Revival of Judaism in 1^" -^'er the end of the war he succeeded " Everything comes from heaven ", he said, and. One of the reasons explaining the revival of ," 'saving Russia and, in Mav, 1947, he came firmly believing in the great potentialities of his Judaism adduced by Mr, Monty Richardson, 'o Palestine. invention, he confessed to a reporter of a Tel Welfare Officer of the United Synagogue, was the dis ^^ carpet was laid out for him there. He Aviv evening paper : "Sooner or later, 1 will failure of the " brave new world " which people cussed his plans with various Jewish scientists. receive the Nobel Prize." hoped for in the 'twenties, Mr, Richardson was taking part in a brains tmst organised by the Anglo-Jewish Association for the Young People's Committee of the Jewish National Fund, He thought that the reasons why the drift away from Judaism had stopped were the impact of Nazi Feuchtwanger (London) ltd. persecution ; the establishment of the State of Israel and the fact that Jews, disappointed in thc failure of post-1918 social ideas, had begun to Bankers look inwards, BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Mr, Michael Zylberberg of the Yivo Institute for Jewish Research, when he addressed the Ilford Tdepbone: METropolitan 8151 Young Zionist Society recendy on the subject of Yiddish and Yiddish literature, said that the Representing: importance of Yiddish at present was that it was I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION the only " bridge " among Jews all over the world. TEL-AVTV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 52 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 4, N.Y. Stating that Yiddish was the means of expression of national life by the masses of Eastem Europe, he gave a detailed history of the language. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 Peter Zadek PATRIOTISM IS NOT ENOUGH It has been said that no other emigration in THEATRE WITHOUT ROOTS history contained such a large percentage of writers as ours. At any rate, we expected the great novel West German Productions on that great theme to emerge sooner or later. What raw material of first-hand experience is there The theatre, perhaps the most exposed of the it pandering to the audience, which adores senti­ for a writer of genius ! The tragedy and the arts, is still in a neurotic condition in Western ment and rarely queries its justification ? These drama, the terrible might of foe and fate, the Germany today. After the first flush of post-war are the sort of questions many directors in Ger­ wanderings and the new beginnings, the changes enthusiasm the lack of native drama has led many would ask. As a result the productions of in men's hearts and the ironies of destiny: these producers, once more all-powerful, to experiment many of the less talented among them are like are sujets which authors in calmer times had to with styles deriving mainly from abroad. The spending an evening in a refrigerator. Trying to pick from past history ; they were forced upon our West German theatre, if not actually foreign, is avoid the phoney, a new phoneyness results—an generation. imitative : Eliot-like or Duerrenmatt-like or over-intelleclualisation, a fear not only of emotion Well, we are still waiting for the great work, Wilder-like or Brechl-like, Yes. Brecht—if only but of flesh and blood. for Walter Meckauer, too, has failed us. True the West German theatre of today were able to enough, his " raw material " is all there in his new bridge the Nazi gap to find the links with the If you go to Munich you will again see as many beginnings of epic theatre, the last powerful style styles of theatre as there are directors, none of book " Gassen in fremden Stadten" (Bergstadt­ of the German twenties. But Brecht is in the ihem original and none of them quite as well verlag, Munich), The author, now 70, a native of wrong half of divided Germany and the only link done as the original. Outstanding is Schweikart, Breslau, emigrated to Italy in 1933, then to France today is Piscator, whose failure to inherit the at the Kammerspiele, with a first-rate company. where he was interned, but managed to escape post-war theatre in Western Germany lies in the He is most successful when directing realistic plays to Switzerland, His book, which he calls " a nature of epic theatre itself, which is bound up —strong, tough stuff in the American manner. He novel from my life ", deals with this first period irrevocably with the propounding of political ideas. made the stage version of " Twelve Angry Men " of his wanderings (later he emigrated to New an all-German success. That his achievements are York from where he returned to Munich in 1952). .never quite " great " is partly due to the fact that If the theatre of Eastern Germany, the Beriiner In fact, it is not a novel at all but a piece of Ensemble in particular, has managed to bridge a large proportion of German actors working today (all except the very young ones) had their forma­ autobiography, Meckauer reports faithfully what the great gap since 1933 via Brecht and Erich Engel hi did. what happened to him, what he saw and and the designer, Casper Neher, the West Ger­ tive years in the Flitter period and are, therefore, incapable of realistic acting. The pompous rhetoric thought, whom he met, what they said to him and man theatre gives, to the outside observer, a what he replied—alas, much too faithfully. He is feeling of highly organised chaos: organisation which they slip into at the slightest excuse is as absurd as the neo-classical edifices the Nazis built. an excellent raconteur, but he never selects the perfected in the administration of the theatres, important from the irrelevant, the symptomatic above all in the securing of audiences through Kortner defined the Nazi theatre as a " ghetto" theatre, useless and lifeless like the Yiddish from the incidental: he is his own most reverential the block bookings of the Volksbuehne and other biographer, unwilling to omit any trifle that con­ similar associations—chaos where style and direc­ theatre, because both are cut off from the world : the former deliberately, the second perforce. cerned the subject of his book, i.e., Walter tion are concemed. Meckauer, because this fact alone seems to make I am not suggesting that the theatre of a country The vast mass of German actors should be called Ihe trifle significant in his eyes. should have one unified style : this would be •" Sprechspieler ", not " Schauspieler ", They are undesirable, even in a dictatorship. For its orators who have lost the very impulse of theatre Yet he forgets to tell us, and his German readers, theatre to be vital a country does not even need which comes from mime and dance. Their bodies the most important and significant things, such one dominant style, although past experience seems embarrass them, and they are happiest when as the reason for his emigration from Germany. to show that at peak periods of the theatre this standing woodenly on an otherwise empty stage, There is in the whole book not a word about was usually the case. Even today we associate facing the audience and declaiming. As a whole, Meckauer being a Jew, nor about his fellow- hard, realistic theatre with the United States, epic German aclors see themselves more as professors sufferers in exile in the French internment camps, theatre with Eastem Germany, stylised, rhetorical and prophets than as clowns. Their souls are on the escape routes, being Jews, On the contrary theatre with Paris. The style which becomes " das Wesentliche". not their bodies. They are —here and there he confuses the reader inten­ dominant in a country is not necessarily the best, never happier than when they can identify them­ tionally on the subject of his descent, as with that the most interesting, the most novel : it is the selves with some noble emotion on the stage and curious remark that in Rome " the same air may style which is most closely related to the stage feel they are educating their audience nightly. The have been breathed by one of my forefathers ; the of development of the particular country at the same sunshine, the same roses in winter, the same time. Thus England has at the moment no one audience, of course, arrives at the theatre in the people, and the same landscape may have bestowed dominant style. The crude Brechtianism of appropriate frame of mind : to be lectured to, on him, my ancestor, the name of Meccuore Theatre Workshop can no more break through moralised at. (meaning: heart with me) and the flair for beautv than its watered-down version at the Royal Court In this confused atmosphere, where only a few and art" (p, 16), Theatre, There is not a strong enough working- directors are succeeding in preventing the stage The clue to this strange attitude lies in the class audience to support the former, nor a large play from being an extension of the " Horspiel", enough readership of the New Statesman to author's formidable German patriotism which he a relatively small proportion of new German plays professes on page after page with a kind of make thc "angry ycung men" of England more are being written for the theatre. Imports still than vociferous freaks ; while the genteel, under­ obsessed insistence, "1 am a German ", he says dominate ; the standard of performances varies on the occasion of his expatriation, " Now they stated, middle-class, drawing-room play of the enormously You can see a Giraudoux play in West End continvies quietly. want to mark me as a non-German, for superficial one town which has charm, lightness, and style, and bureaucratic reasons, , , , It has happened succeeds, in fact, in catching the esprit of the too offen that Germany expelled or misunderstood In Germany, however, it would be impossible French even in translation ; you can see a even to isolate, say, three styles of theatre as her best and most faithful sons, the truest bearers Montherlant play in another town which is per­ of her spirit," And he goes on to mention Schiller dominant. Every major theatre has its own style, formed like " Emilia Galotti", But one thing according to the whims or talente of its Intendant. and Schubert, Reuter and Hoffmann von Fallers- For instance, Hans Schalla, in Bochum, has built is clear : you can see much theatre, good. bad. leben. Richard Wagner and the Grimm brothers. an ensemble highly reputed in Germany, which and indifferent, everywhere in Germany today. Illustrious company indeed ; but the author might plays in a sort of cooled down expressionistic However, the smaller the town, the less chance have found a few more well-known exiles in our style. Together with his designer. Max of finding a private theatre able to compete with own time, together with the reason for their Fritzsche, he tends to impose his stylising the subsidised State theatre—and the State theatre expulsion and persecution, which is equally well hand on play and players with great power, but considers that it must justify its subsidy and avoid known, with the danger of over-mechanisation and the lighter aspects of theatrical fare. dehumanisation. This could be said to be a I do not think that Meckauer's book will have To an outsider visiting or working as a guest an illuminating influence on his readers in Ger­ general tendency among the better and younger in the West German theatre, the chaos and con­ German directors. In turning away frorn the fusion, subsidised and, therefore, able to cope many, especially on the young generation, which idealism, phoney as it was, of National Socialism, with its failures and mishaps, is stimulating. needs enlightenment to see the recent past in they reject sentimentality, bombast, over- Among so much activity even a small proportion proper perspective. In this book they will discover emotionalism. Like our own John Braines and of success is numerically more than in other only what happened to the patriot Walter Colin Wilsons and John Osbomes, they have seen countries, where the proportion of good produc­ Meckauer, whose importance is implied through­ what the cliche-ridden sentimentality of our tions may be larger, but where the total is very out these 226 pages, without so much as a trace parents' world has brought to pass and so now much less. The unflagging support of audiences of that sense of humour to which we have grown every word is examined under the microscope and the profound concern of the press is touching accustomed in English autobiographical literature. before it is given the 0,K, Did an actress cry and encouraging, making the artist feel an Unfortunately, his importance as a writer is not on stage ? Why did she cry ? Does her situa­ " insider ". The technical conditions in the theatre, tion warrant it ? Is it mere exhibitionism ? Is quite borne out by his style, which shows little especially the many new buildings, make for care­ of the craftsmanship of the great men he lists as ful preparation and efficiency—a German quality which is important where such a complex team his fellow-victims in the past, " Da wehte mich affair as the theatre is concemed. Taken all in ein Erschatiern an" (p, 77) might be an apt all, German theatre is theatre for audiences, description of the feelings of at least one reader whereas the theatres of Broadway, London, and of Meckauer's book. Or, to quote another Paris are theatre for an inner ring—critics, first- example (p. 60): when he hears that the Nazis Wir kaufen Einzeiwerke, Bibliotheken, nighters, theatre people. Like the theatre behind have marched into Austria—" ' Es ist der Anfang Aufogrophen und moderne Graphik the Iron Curtain, West German theatre is very vom Elide ', enlrang es sich mir betroffen." Clearly, much part of the social set-up. but it is free to patriotism is not enough, Direktor : Dr. Joseph Suschitzky be as bad or as good as its talents can make it— 38o, BOUNDARY ROAD, LONDON, N,W,8 and that is healthy. EGON LARSEN. —_- Telephone : MAI 3030 ——^ AJR INFORMATION February, I960 Page 7 ida Herz Old Acquaintances THOMAS MANN UND DER DEUTSCHE ANTISEMITISMUS Germany :—Peter Zadek, of London, is to direct " Maass fuer Maass " in Ulm.—^W, Dieterle, Im Maerz 1936 veranstaltete der juedische Klub dieses Buches —. Ich moechte Sie nicht kraenken, who is producing his flrst German post-war film, • Kadimah " in Zuerich eine Vorlesung Thomas mein Wunsch ist das Gegenteil, aber mein Antrieb " Herrin der Welt ", will direct " Jedermann " in Manns aus dem damals noch im Werden begrif- Ihnen zu widersprechen, war oft sehr lebhaft, und Salzburg this year,—G. R, Sellner has succeeded fenen vierten und letzten Band des grossen auch in diesem Augenblick bezaehme ich ihn kaum, Carl Ebert as director of Berlin's opera,—'Hedwig Joseph-Romans " Joseph der Ernaehrer," Thomas Ihr subjektives Erleben nochmals in hoechsten Wangel will appear in the radio production of Mann benutzte die Gelegenheit zu einer persoen­ Ehren—aber ist denn das alles wirklich so ? Jst Penzoldt's " Portugalisische Schlacht" in Ham­ hchen Kundgebung der Abwehr des Antisemitis- nicht doch viel dichterische Hypochondrie im burg,—.A.fter twenty-five years Adolf Wohlbrueck irius, nicht nur des neuen deutschen blutigen Rasse- Spiel ? "" Er schliesst den Brief mit einer Frage, appeared on a Berlin stage again in Anouilh's Antisemitismus, sondern des Antisemitismus in die ein Mann von der Reinheit seiner Gesinnung " Probe oder die bestrafte Liebe " at the Renais­ jeder Form und Erscheinung, Diese Kundgebung damals noch fragen konnte: '" Deutschland , , . sance Theater.—Maria Matray, formerly known as n' ^^'^' ^""^ ersten Male in der Ausgabe vom 18. sollte es ein Boden sein, worin das Pflaenzchen the dancer Maria Solveg, is co-author of " Farben Dezember in der " Allgemeinen Wochenzeitung Antisemitismus je tief Wurzel fassen koennte? Wie und Lacke ", first produced in Bremen,—Herbert xu •'"''^" '" Deutschland " im Druck erschienen. ich bin und lebe muss ich so fragen," Gruenbaum, who returned from Israel, appeared in Ik '^^""^ dieses Bekenntnis seiner leidenschaft- " Im himmlichen Garten" in East Berlin. lichen Gegnerschaft gegen den Antisemitismus Als dann 1933 die nationalsoziahstischen Juden- schon lange, Thomas Mann hatte mir seinerzeit hetzjagden begannen, versuchte er immer noch an Obituary :—Irene Seidner, the former Viennese sofort einen maschinenschriftlichen Durchschlag " den gesunden Sinn des deutschen Volkes" zu actress discovered by the late Fritz Gruenbaum. seines Manuskriptes gesandt. weil er wusste, wie glauben, Im Maerz 1933 schrieb er mir aus der has died in Hollywood at the age of 78.—Curt tief persoenlich ich davon beruehrt sein wuerde. Schweiz, dass er " den revolutionaeren Anti­ Oertel, one of the great old men of German films, hatte mich aber gebeten, diese Mitteilung streng semitismus innerhalb der sueddeutschen Mensch­ died in Limburg after a car accident; he com­ vertraulich zu behandeln. da er die Rede so wie lichkeit nicht sehr stark glaube ", Sein Vertrauen menced his career as a cameraman, and first ?J* 'St. nicht in Druck geben wollte, sie erschien in die '" kosmopolitische Duldsamkeit" der became known as the producer of " Michel mm dafuer " nicht gut genug ". Deutschen. war in seinem Wesen und seiner Angelo ", a brilliant documentary,—Max Geisen- geistigen Tradition zu tief gegruendet und kapitu- heyner, the former dramatic critic of the Frank­ Es gibt von Thomas Mann schon fruehzeitige lierte nur zoegernd vor der Macht der brutalen furter Zeitung, died in Augsburg at the age of Aeusserungen zu der sogenannten Judenfrage. Die Wirklichkeit. 75.—The author, Kurt Klaeber, has died in erste, die ich kenne, war eine Antwort auf die Lugano at the age of 62,—Richard Kessler, who Umfrage eines, Dr, Julius Moser im Jahre 1907 In jener Ansprache an die Mitglieder des wrote librettos for Jean Gilbert and Walter Kollo an die Prominenten jener Zeit: Die Loesung der juedischen Klubs " Kadimah " gibt er seinem under the pen-name of Friedrich Richards, has Judenfrage, Wie ich der Antwort Thomas Manns Abscheu, seinem Entsetzen vor der " mit viel died in Berlin at the age of 84. ^u entnehmen glaube, hatte Dr, Moser dicse Bestialitaet vermischten Massenmenschhchkeit Umfrage hauptsaechlich unter dem Gesichtspunkte und Massenmystik ". als den er den Antisemitismus This and That :—Curt Goetz, actor and author ^es Zionismus diskutieren wollen. Ich habe das versteht. leidenschaftlichen Ausdruck, " Der Anti­ of comedies, now living in Vaduz, has been Kuch von Dr, Moser nie in der Hand gehabt und semitismus ", sagte er. " ist kein Gedanke, kein awarded the degree of " Professor h.c." by the enne Thomas Manns Antwort nur aus dem in den Wort, er hat keine Menschenstimme, er ist ein Prince of Lichtenstein,—Max Hansen appeared in ^tuenchner Neuesten Nachrichten am 14. Septem­ Gegroehl. Und in ein Gegroehl stimmt der gei­ Berlin's Sptortpalast.—Peter Herz, who returned ber 1907 erschienenen Abdmck. Es heisst darin : stige, der mit sich selbst strengere Mensch nicht to Vienna from London, wrote the libretto of BI k ^^''^rzeugter und zweifelloser Philosemit ein: er wartet bis e% einen Augenblick aussetzt "' Liebe in Tirol", which was produced in Wuerz­ glaube ich steif und fest, dass ein Exodus, wie die und spricht in die Stille hinein sein Nein," So burg.—Hans G, Lustig, former film critic of Ber­ ^lonistcn von der strengen Observanz ihn traeu- tat er und mit ihm noch ein paar wenige Andere lin's Tempo, who became a successful script writer "^en, ungefaehr das groesste Unglueck bedeuten —-der Rest, soweit er nicht mitgroehlte, sagte zwar in Hollywood, has returned to Munich to work iierde, das unserem Europa zustossen koennte. vielleicht nicht Ja, aber Nein sagte er, aus Feig­ for Robert Siodmak,—Frantisek Langer, author of , '*^^ti unentbehrlichen Kulturstimulus, der Juden- heit, auch nicht und schwieg lieber, " Das Poe- " Peripherie ", who returned to Prague from Lon­ utn heisst, heute noch und zumal in Deutschland. belhafte wird durch den selbstverraeterischen Suk- don after the war, is working on a new play, se'r ^^ '''"^t" tioetig hat. in irgend einem feind- kurs des Geistes nicht veredelt" warntc Thomas " Der steinerne Ruhm ", about his home-town,^ Mann, "nur das Umgekehrte hat statt: Der Geist Elli Marcus, once a well-known photographer in f'Sen und aufsaessigen Sinn zu diskutieren. erniedrigt sich dadurch und begibt sich in Berlin, is now a successful graphologist in New un •' ^" ^° ^°^ '^"'^ abgeschmackt, dass ich mich Sklaverei." York,—After her success in Paris, Marlene geeignet fuehle. zu solchen Diskussionen auch Dietrich received an offer to tour Germany,— lur ein Wort beizusteuern." Er schloss den Artikel Und dann spricht er aus, was seinen Zuhoerern Friedrich Hollaender, of Munich, and Hans Sahl, It den Worten : " Die Judenfrage ist eine Frage genau und dankbar bevvusst war: ". . , unter of New York, received the German Cross of Merit. ^^l"" allgemeinen kulturellen Entwicklung. Wir den heutigen Umstaenden gewinnt mein Auftreten bu H" ^'^ "''^'^^ loesen. als Sonderfrage nicht \or Ihnen in meinen eigenen Augen den Charak­ Home .Vetrs :—Peter de Mendelssohn has joined uendig beantworten. Wir arbeiten an ihr, indem ter der Kundgebung, des Bekenntnisses, Ich the staff of Thames & Hudson as editor-in-chief : r jeder nach seiner Art der Gesittung dienen," bekenne damit meine Abneigung, die ich von that weil-known publishing company, founded ten sn k ihm im Jahre 1921 Jakob Wasserman sein jeher gegen den antisemitischen Duenkel emp­ years ago by Austrian Mr. Neurath, specialises l^ePen erschienenes Buch " Mein Weg als funden habe, und die sich zum Abscheu in beautiful productions of art books,—Wanda ej^"'^"^.*^*!; tind Jude" sandte, las Thomas Mann verstaerkt hat in dem Masse, wie die schlechten Rotha, the red-headed actress who made a name an W " *'^^^'" Ergriffenheit " und schrieb darueber Instinkte, die frueher immer noch unter dem for herself in London's West End, has signed a K.a 1 .^^ftriann einen langen Brief, den Martha korrigierenden Druck guter Sitte standen. Ueber- contract to appear in " Maria Stuart" on tour " I u u'^' Wassermanns zweite Frau. in ihrem Buch hand genommen haben." in Germany ; it is her first appearance on the , JaKob Wassermann—Bild. Kampf und Werk " German stage since 1933, and she will be part­ 'Vf^^'erdam 1935, S.332ff) abgedruckt hat. Er Die Rede geht dann noch bedeutend auf die nered by Elisabeth Flickenschildt and directed by ^^gte darin: "Ich habe Ihr Lebensbuch. allein Stellung der europaeischen Juden und besonders U, Erfurth,—Martin Miller is appearing most suc­ Kraf? Jo.'^Serissen durch seine schriftstellerische der deutschen Juden innerhalb der europaeischen cessfully in Wolf Mankowitz's " Make Me An und deutschen Kulturen ein, um zum Schluss auf Offer ", in the West End,—Dr, Paul Czinner, Elisa­ Int "einahe in einem Atem. mit angespanntestem beth Bergner's husband, whose film " The Royal Vor itf^^ gelesen. in freundschaftlichster Ehrfurcht den eigentlichen Zweck des Abends, die Vor­ lesung aus dem biblischen Roman ueberzuleiten. Ballet," with Margot Fonteyn, is at present on ffij^hrem Erlebnis und. wie Sie sich gedacht haben circuit, has acquired the exclusive film rights for rnir ,""^ht ohne Beschaemung. Denn Sie habe.n Bei der Konzeption des Werkes, sagte er, hatte the Salzburg and Bayreuth Festivals, the Glynde­ all •'* einmal einen Brief geschrieben, worin dies er es keineswegs auf " eine Apologie des Juden­ bourne Opera, Stratford-on-Avon and the Passion Ijj ? M"gefaehr schon stand und ich habe Ihnen tums gegen den Antisemitismus" abgesehen Play at Oberammergau,—Lea Seidl will appear in geam und unwissend Ach, Unsinn darauf gohabt, " Gegen die oppositionelle RoUe, in die " The Wernher von Braun Story ",—The new Con­ fQj., .otlet," Er faehrt dann bezeichnenderweise das Buch durch die Entwicklung der aeusseren tinental cinema Gala Royal, opened with the Ufa Und doch auch jetzt, auch beim Lesen Dinge hineingeraten ist, habe ich nicht das picture " Labyrinth", starring Nadja Tiller and Geringste einzuwenden, sie ist mir sogar sehr lieb Peter van Eyck, The Gennan Embassy gave a und willkommen, Aber zugedacht war sie dem reception after the premifere. Buch nicht, nicht habe ich ein Juden-Epos ^urta Radiovision schreiben wollen, sondern ein Menschheits-Epos Milestones :—The memory of Kurt Tucholsky, who would have been seventy years old last Service month, was honoured by a memorial tablet on (Member R.T.R.A.) In der Tat hatte Thomas Mann um die biblische the house in Luebecker Strasse, 13, Berlin-Moabit, Joseph-Gestalt schon seine dichterischen Konzep- where he was born.—Maximilian Mueller-Jabusch, 13, Frognal Parade, tionen gesponnen als der " Zauberberg ", der Ende editor of Berlin's daily Der Abend, is seventy years Finchley Road, N.WJ 1924 erschienen ist, noch gar nicht gam vollendet old.—Rene Deltgen celebrated his thirtieth stage war, zu einer Zeit also, als das Thema Anti- anniversary by appearing in "Summer of the 17th ^^LES REPAIRS !:'emitismus fuer ihn noch nicht zur Diskussion Doll" in Cologne.—^Eduard von Winterslein and All Leading Makes Supplied stand, his wife, Hedwig Pauly, celebrated their diamend wedding anniversary in East Berlin.—Gustaf Electrical Appliances Stocked Wir alle erinnern uns jedoch noch dankbar Gruendgens, who has just returned from Russia, •*tr. Gort will always be pleased lo der " Haupterhebung "—um mit Jaakob im Roman where he appeared with his ensemble, celebrated advise ycu. zu sprechen —, die dieses Werk in der Zeit der his 60th birthday in Hamburg. (HA.M, 8635) tiefsten Bedrueckung unserer Seelen fuer uns bedeutet hat. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 system, it is possible to detect immediately to BALLIN AND RATHENAU which branch and generation a descendant belongs. The volume ends with statistical abstracts (e.g., regarding, inter alia, countries of emigration, Lecture at the Leo Baeck Institute causes of death, occupations of the family mem­ bers) and an Index. The value of the publication The second lecture arranged by the Society of is full of contradictions. He never evolved an is enhanced by the clear layout and the faultless Friends of the Leo Baeck Institute was delivered orderly system of thought. While he should not be typesetting. by Dr. Eduard Rosenbaum on December 17th, reproached for not developing really new ideas, he in the Reading Room of the Wiener Library. His can be justifiably criticised inasmuch as it is well- theme was " Albert Ballin und Walther Rathenau: nigh impossible to find a common denominator Two Monographs on Westphalian Eine vergleichende Betrachtung". The speaker, for his thoughts. His books are works of edifica­ Jewry's History who has not infrequently made contributions to tion, in which an artistic clarity of style is com­ the study of both Ballin and Rathenau, gave his bined with an astonishing obscurity of meaning, In two monographs. Rabbi Bernhard Brilling audience a fascinating survey in which these two A good example of his inconsistency is that the has compiled interesting material on the history great German-Jewish entrepreneurs were compared advocate of planned economy champions freedom of the Jews in Westphalia. The first publication* and contrasted. Dr, Rosenbaum concemed him­ in the choice of profession. His ambivalent and deals with the Jews in the Dortmund district during self with aspects of their Jewishness, but he also schismatic personality is ever apparent. Thus the Middle Ages, It records that, as early as 1074, dwelt at length on their economic and political at the Jewish funeral of his father, the son, speak­ Jews from Worms visited Dortmund for business significance, ing at the grave, quotes from the Gospels; and purposes and that, in the 13th century, a Jew the man who believes that Jews should not expose from Dortmund, Nathan de Tremonia (i,e„ Dort­ Ballin and Rathenau were both Jews; both of themselves in public office becomes German minis­ them Jews "with a difference" and both with mund), bought a house in Cologne, The mono­ ter for reconstruction. Aware of his tragic nature, graph also lists Jews who, during the same period, a certain aloofness. They were German entre­ he fell as much a victim to the worid situation preneurs ; not types of this species, but great and lived in Iserlohn, Soest, Unna, Hamm, Mengede, as to a situation he created for himself. His Kamen and Bochum, unique figures. They were connected through a great industrial talent is undeniable, but all he certain circle of friends (described by Furstenberg developed beyond it as ideological superstructure In another monographj the same author deals in his recollections), to which Maximilian Harden is insufficient and brittle. However much he can with the adoption of family names in Westphalia, also belonged, who published Rathenau's first be criticised, Rathenau was a man of absolute This publication is of interest beyond the district articles in his Zukunft under various pseudonyms. integrity, an aristocratic x>ersonahty with nothing it covers, because its first chapter gives a general Compared with Rathenau, Ballin was a simple vulgar about him. Robert Musil's great interpreta­ survey of the adoption of family names in the character, also inasmuch as he concemed and tion with its deadly irony catches pungently impor­ various German states. Whilst the relevant Edicts identified himself with one specific enterprise. tant aspects of his character, but it does not of most states vrere issued round about 1812, Ballin, too, was a self-made man; Rathenau was sum him up. this chapter reminds us that in some parts of a " crown prince ", Although Ballin came from Germany family names were introduced only a a Jewish family he never received a particularly Dr. Rosenbaum contributed altogether much Jewish education. In his later years he probably few generations ago, e,g,, in the I*rovince of that was novel and illuminating. His talk also Posen in 1833 and in Oldenburg as late as 1852. went only once to a synagogue, and this when conveyed that element of personal reminiscence he accompanied his friend Graf Waldersee, then The position in Westphalia was influenced by which adds so much to the resurrection of an Napoleonic legislation between 1807 and 1813, Commanding General in Altona, who wished to immediate past. AJP. pay his respects to the Jewish community. Both when this territory was a Kingdom under a French Ballin's wife and their adopted daughter were sovereign. However, when after the Wars of Christians, and so, not surprisingly, he did not Liberation Westphalia and Berg became Prussian. outwardly stress his belonging to the Jewish faith. FROM THE GERMAN-JEWISH PAST it tumed out that quite a few Jews there were still Yet, contrary to Rathenau, who all his life without permanent family names, and it took suffered from his Jewish origin, which he regarded " The Loewenthals of Ladenburg " several decades until this process was completed. as an almost insurmountable problem, Ballin was ironically resigned to belonging to a not very Two years ago we welcomed a standard work The author gives interesting examples as to popular minority. It never occurred to him to of German-Jewish genealogy, "The Auerbach the choice of names. Some of them were versions sever his links with Judaism, A generous patron Family ", by Siegfried M. Auerbach, dealing with of Biblical names, e.g., Hiller from Hillel. As of Jewish welfare work, he was yet averse to the descendants of Abraham Auerbach (1763- the adoption of names referring lo the town of Jl any publicity connected with his name. He was 1845) in Bonn, Chief Rabbi of the Consistory of origin in Westphalia was not permitted, some Jews a friend of Paul Nathan, in whose endeavours Rhine and Moselle. Now the author has pre­ chose variations of these place-names (e,g,, to lighten the burdens of Eastem Jewry he showed sented us with another genealogical work, "The Paderstein for Paderbom), The publication also an intimate concern. He remained ever conscious Loewenlhals of Ladenburg",* in which he records records the family names, adopted by Jews in of his Jewishness, the descendants of Moritz Loewenthal (1786- Munster and Burgsteinfurt, A list of family names 1879) of Ladenburg. whose daughter, Eva Loewen­ in Warburg, compiled by the same author, was The very true friendship between William II thal (1816-1905) was married to Rabbi Aron recently published in the " Mitteilungsblatt fuer % and Ballin has caused much speculation. The Auerbach (1810-1886), a son of Rabbi Abraham die juedischen Gemeinden in Westfalen ". " Konigsjude" Chaim Weizmann has labelled Auerbach, The family of the Loewenthals had W, ROSENSTOCK, Ballin (and Warburg) as " Kaiser juden ". Should thi* been in Ladenburg, a small town in Baden, imply criticism, then it must be pointed out that between Mannheim and Heidelberg, since 1745, * Znr Geschicbte der Indcn in Dortmand and der Graf- it was precisely the Jewish friends of the Emperor schaft Matfc im Mittelalter, by Bembard Brilling (publisbed in who told him things that his own ministers would It is particularly gratifying that the author has " Beitraege zur Geschichle Dorimunds und dcr Grafschaft never dare mention. There was nothing of ser­ compiled the pedigree of this line of his ancestry; .Marie •', Band LV. 1958). vility in their relationship, and there is sufficient whereas the Auerbach family comprises a great : Die Familieniuimen der Joden in Westfalen, by Bcrnbard historical evidence to bear this out. The sjjeaker number of well-known personalities, we now have Brilling (published in " Rheinisch-westfaelische Zeitschrift fuer gave some interesting details about the way Balhn the genealogy of an ordinary German-Jewish Volkskunde ••. 1958 and 1959). conducted his negotiations. He was always family. A comparison with the Auerbach regarded as a real power by those who dealt with genealogy also shows how widely the development CORRECTION him. In contrast to Rathenau he commanded a of different families varies: though both pro­ natural authority which Rathenau, with his many- genitors belong to the same generation, the In the article. "Some German Publications", sided personality, never quite achieved. number of descendants amounts to 834 in the appearing in our January issue, the name of the case of the Auerbachs and only to 218 in the case author of " Die Vergessenen " (Ner-Tamid Verlag, The very much more complex personality of of the Loewenthals. It is also interesting to note Muenchen, 8,80 DM,) was wrongly mentioned as Rathenau, and also his constantly ambivalent atti­ that, perhaps due to the strong rabbinical back­ Peter Hagen, The author is Peter Adler, tude to Judaism, has made him for the Jews a ground, Palestine was the country of resettlement somewhat difficult figure, Rathenau was possibly for 50 per cent of the emigrating members of thc acquainted with the Kabbalah, He had read in Auerbach family, but for only 5 per cent of the the Talmud and its exegetical literature and they Loewenthal family. The persons listed in the Your House For :- certainly exerted some influence on his thought. volume include Gewerbcrat Emil Plotke (husband He was essentially a mystic, who saw man's task of one of the progenitor's granddaughters), who CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO in the realisation of his soul. If we understand played a leading part in the Berlin Jewish com­ UPHOLSTERY mysticism as an immediate personal experience munity ; his son-in-law was the Diisseldorf Rabbi of the Divine, then this religious attitude corre­ Dr. Siegfried Klein, who, together with his wife, SPECIALITY r^^ sponds very much to Rathenau's own approach. perished dtiring the war in an extermination camp. Thus from the religious institutions of Jewry he Among the great number of well-known Southern- CONTINENTAL DOWN felt himself as remote as from the Christian German families into which the Loewenthals inter­ churches, which he regarded as falsifiers of Chris­ married are the Gemsheims, the Mainzes, the QUILTS ! tianity, while he beheved himself to adhere to Nathans ("Ada-Ada" shoe factory) and the the principles of the Gospels, and saw no reason Simons of Wiesbaden. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS why his co-religionists should assimilate by conversion. The arrangement of fhe book follows that of ESTIMATES FREE In his dangerous criticism of Judaism, however, the Auerbach genealogy. In the first part, the DAWSON-LANE LIMITED he went so far as to coin the phrase of the descendants of each qf the progenitor's children asiatische Horde auf markischem Boden, which he are listed in genealogical tables. In the second 17. BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK later much regretted and withdrew. None the less part, the exact biographical data of each family Telephone : ARN. 5671 he supported certain arguments of the Volkische, member is given. Due to an ingenious numbering Pertonol ottantion of Mr. W. Sehochmonn saying that from their point of view they were • Perry Press Productions Ltd. Copies OS/-) may be actually not so wrong. Rathenau's literary work obuioed from ti'e auUior at 457 Flocbley Rd.. London. N.W.3. AJR INFORMATION February. 1960 Page 9 Ernest Schaefer unofficial duty to collect and preserve them and to share them out impartially to the women and girls. For them I became " daddy " or " uncle ", IN THE MACHINE SHOP When I was storekeeper 1 had an experience which was rather typical of the British workman. One day. shortly before the midday break, 1 Of all professions, the lega! profession is the under another instructor, he had a word with him received a consignment of steel bars. Unloading *orst in case of emigration, W'nen I reached this and kept supporting me. It took me six instead and storing it took me well into the lunch break. Muntry of refuge in T939, with the usual ten marks of the minimum three months to complete my However, I felt that 1 had to be at my post in in my pocket, I soon found that my professional training and to pass the two further tests, but I the store after lunch. Otherwise workers would knowledge and my legal experience of a lifetime did succeed, and I may say that this was partly have to interrupt their jobs when requiring tools Were of no practical use whatsoever. In the begin­ due to willpower and endurance. But without or material from the store. After all what they ning, I had no permission to work, I haunted the Mr. Priestley I should not have managed. did was urgent war work, and I did not want therii libraries, reading up English law, which I found During the training I was paid wages starting at lo wait for my return. Hence I curtailed m\ tascinaling. But lack of means prevented me about £2 lOs. and rising to £3 lOs. The first pa\ lunch break. In a friendly, but at the same time trom proper studies, and I never qualified as an envelope gave me more satisfaction than all the rather stern way, I was told by the workers that English lawyer. It was only the "Wiedergut­ large salary cheques I had drawn in Berlin in the I must never do such a thing again. War or no machung " which enabled me at long last to work legal department of an industrial firm. war, every member of the shop was entitled to his again in my old professional Ijne, Job-hunting followed the training. It proved break and should avail himself of it fully. When I was released from lengthy internment— again rather awkward. Most prospective employers not altogether a bad experience, the story of which were not much impressed by the testimonial issued One day I broke my pipe. Next day an old 1 might tell on a later occasion—1 learned that the by the Training Centre. They rather followed the worker, who had retired long before the war and Ministry of Labour and National Service required personal impression they formed of my aptness resumed work only for war p-urposes, gave me a people with or without technical experience to and ability. Eventually I found work in the pipe of his, "Ernie," he said. "I had to give enlist with one of the Government Training machine shop of a medium-size factory in metro­ up smoking years ago. This pipe of mine is in *-entres for training as munition workers, 1 had politan Essex. The factory as such produced good condition and I have cleaned it with special never been mechanically minded and was never electric lamps. Formerly the machine shop was but care. Please have it." Needless to say that I Clever with my hands. Even so, I grasped that a maintenance shop for the factory's machinery. accepted, filled and lit the pipe at once. The same lance of getting on mv own feet aeain, and During the war. however, the firm extended the man showed remarkable insight when he once told pPPued to and was accepted bv the Park Royal machine shop and produced components for me: "Ernie, one day the war will end. Then government Training Centre at Acton, The years planes, guns, tanks, armoured cars, military lorries, there will be so much to be sorted out between had spent as a private in the German Army etc, under sub-contracts. this country and Germany that I am sure you will Quring the First World War had taught me to I shall never regret the \ears I spent with thai find work in your old line." pn kl "'^^^"^ 'O tough conditions, and had firm. It was a remarkable experience. It is only enabled me to stand the minor hardships of intern­ when you live and work on the same level that The " Enemy " Alien ment without any difl[iculties, 1 hoped that this \ou can really learn to know j>eople of a different ould be the case too in factory work. " class ". During the first weeks of my job a particularly 1 shall never forget the splendid attitude of my nasty air raid occurred jn which many children in Difficult Beginnings colleagues in the machine shop. They knew, of a school were killed. This was too much for one course, that I was a refugee from Germany and of my fellow-workers, who turned on me and 'n the beginning, things went altogether wrong, had a different background. They at once saw that created a scene. It was significant that all the nm ,"?^"'"'^'°'' to whom I was allocated just did I was far from gifted for Ihe work I did on various other mechanics sided with me, squashed him, and ^°t Uke the small group of elderly " enemy" machines. Right from the start they helped and made it clear to him that I, of all people, was not ^ ens, rnost of whom did not show much promise advised me as much as possible whenever I got responsible for such outrages. My adversary mastering the intricacies of the centre lathe. into trouble. On the other hand, in the beginning soon became one of my many friends in the shop. j^r''"g phserved our first clumsy attempts, he just they completely abstained from personal queries. The factory had been bombed and had been tra head, concentrated on the young British .After some weeks this changed. During breaks re-erected blast proof, with no windows at all, of t^^ and let us stand b\ and look at the work they eagerly talked with me about Germany. (Instead, workers were given artificial sunlight by mat? "' After a week, he reported us to the Hitierism, the war and so on. This applied mainly ultra violet lamps, and lighting altogether was fired ^V ^^ unsuitable and suggested that we be to the elite among the skilled mechanics, who excellent, the place being a lamp factory.) With unnl ^^' °^ ""^ fellow-trainees, fed up after an showed a high standard of general interest in our long hours double summer time was a boon, s ,P'^asant week and doubting their ahilitv them- politics and were keen newspaper readers. I could enjoy a long spell of daylight in the open after nine hours of work. not "^^^"^'^ submitted, .As for myself. 1 did Pleasant Atmosphere stand for this, asked for an interview with the When a unit showed a record output the boss had iSf' ^"'' l^icked up a row. I stressed that I These men were highly qualified workers whose gave the workers free tickets for the local music m ."^^.n dealt with unfairlv, .As people without ability and know-how I much admired, Ko hall. On these occasions 1 had my seat between schf. ^""^^ experience had been asked to join the intricate task was beyond them. At the same time two blind fellow-workers. It was remarkable how be J^^' ' ^^''^ ^^^'' *"ch people should at least they worked steadily and conscientiously. They much they enjoyed the show, laughing their heads inst?'^^" a margin of initial tolerance and proper were good time-keepers and there was no absen­ off at every joke, .Altogether, intercourse with with •" ^"'^ tuition, I asked to be confronted teeism. On the other hand, they did not allow these men taught me to shed the feeling of shy­ that •["-,'"^"""ctor who would not be able to state the shop manager to hurry their pace. Altogether ness which I formerly experienced when in contact I \v,_ , ."^5* ^^en tried to train me. At this point. the relationship between the workers and the fore­ with blind people. They were cheerful, they •Mr D ''''^ '^^ mention one notable exception, men and the shop manager was very different from served their machines efficiently, moved about in bllst • "°'*' L'llstein. the former head of the the spirit I had seen in German factories. No the shop with complete assurance, and were shoui*!P, ^^'•'ag- a man much older than me. worker would have tolerated being shouted at. pleasant companions at meal times and factory start u™*^'^ adaptable and able right from the even if he had made a mistake. No superior celebrations. 'he sh completed his training successfully in would have dreamed of bullying. The workers foy "ortest possible time and worked on munitions called their superiors by their Christian names There was, of course, a " club " to save mone\ thp u ?'^' Readers know that he is now again at and vice versa. It is a matter of course that 1. for drinks at Christmas celebrations. The skilled too, was soon " Ernie ", " cock ", " chum " or workers used to have a Christmas outing, going Wen °^ ^'' B«^"" fi™- " mate", The whole atmosphere was good- in corpore to " the other end " (the West End) Vain TK"' ^PP^^' *° British fairness was not in tempered. for a show, I was asked to join them on these tins manager gave me another chance, allot- occasions. for w'"^'° a different instructor. Mr, Priestley, Alongside these expert workers there were a large number of young women and girls doing In conclusion, I may perhaps mention one handl""^i,^" the capstan lathe, which is easier to incident which was partly a contrast to the general earnpH i " "^^ '^^""•e lathe (and, incidentally, simple repetition work on machines. How bright and cheerful they were, how neat and tidy in spite lone reigning in the shop, as described above. The gratitud i?-"*- '^° ^^'- Pnestley I owe much " old man" (the otherwise very able managing bearnrbear , patience, understanding, and for- of the heavy and sometimes dirty work they had bea^n ^^""^ exemplary. "Don't feel vou are to do ! Some of them got themselves engaged to director and main shareholder) was born in Central "^aten^ , you"VI arCe c.\cmpnot, ;^ ' fellow-workers, and the marriage feast was cele­ Europe, He w'as the only one who sometimes lost be m",d'°"u^''* "°*- ^'istakes and blunders must brated in the factory canteen. This canteen was his temper and let himself go in the "continental" Proorp. ^ - ^""^ 'be onlv means for you to excellent. The factory had their own pig farm. way. When he once gave me a rather questionable tell m" ^^^"'"ally, by trial and error", he would Some of the pigs were surrendered to the Food order, I evaded it with the connivance and even on the instigation of the shop manager. However, eaHipr^"°JI^"'"'"^* ^bo had started his course Office, the rest served to enhance the worker's diet the or ^°' ^ J^'b in the Midlands, wrote to with roast pork. the boss found me out and raved and stormed at ' answ^"''^ asking us for our news. This letter With the shop expanding more and more a me, " Ernie, don't mind him," the shop manager shon n^t ^"^ ^ *'"^" P'^'* °f humorous work- full-time storekeeper had to be installed, and this told me, "he is not British, you know." "Nor one of^iP' •'^" °^ "^ signed this message, but job was entrusted to me. Now I came to be am 1," was my obvious answer, knowiod ^"^ trainees showed it, without my known to every single worker in the shop, as I I hope that reminiscences such as these may asked m^' '° °"'' instructor, Mr. Priestley then had to serve them with tools and materials. not be devoid of interest for the readers of this self" n,u '^°mpose a similar poem "for him- .Among these were cleaning rags for the machines. joumal. Maybe they will set an example so that Priestl. V^ ' dedicated "The Ballad of Mr. From time to time we received consignments of others, too, will furnish articles on various aspects even 1-' . ^^ Blunderer •• to him. he became discarded women's clothing, underwear, blouses. of refugee life. My main purpose, however, is to (much^o7^ friendly. When I did mv first test etc., which I cut up into cleaning rags. Many of put on record the esteem and admiration I me to ^""^ '"°''* ^'^'^'^ colleagues), he helped them still contained press-studs, buttons, hooks acquired for the British working man and woman. and Zh^ degree bordering on illicit assistance, and eyes, elastic bands and the like, TTiese were No experience we make should be vain or lost. wnen l moved up to more difl^cult work precious treasures in war time. It became my It is, up lo us to make the best of it. ^ m^

Page 10 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 JEWS AT RANDOM AND IN THE ABOUT BOOKS CENTRE PEREN.MAL JEW BAITING your eyes, if God wills you will be a rabbi." The Works by Jewish authors again play quite a most famous rabbi was Israel Baal Shemtov. Rabbi Dr, Salomon Rappaport's collected considerable part in German book production, who founded " a movement of religious enthusi­ Kari Wolfskehl's letters from New Zealand (1938- essays, "Jewish Horizons" (B'nai B'rith. Johan­ asm and ecstasy " in the ISth century, known as nesburg), sub-titled " Aspects of Jewish Life and 1948), "Zehn Jahre Exil" (Deutsche Akademie Chassidism. Martin Buber. grandson of a famous fuer Sprache und Dichtung, Darmstadt), were Thought ", also add up to a history of the perse­ rabbinical scholar, translated the history and the cution of the Jews through the ages. Some 2.000 greeted as a major literary event in Germany. It legends of the great rabbis of that movement into would not do Wolfskehl justice at all to call him years ago, the Maccabean era " created a new type immaculate German. In his youth he visited the of hero, the hero-martyr, who laid down his life " a Jew at random ", He always felt strongly as a rabbi of Austrian .Sadagora and " when he saw Jew, even as Stefan George's staunchest henchman for an abstract ideal"', The victorious struggle of the Chassidim dance with the Torah, he felt that the Maccabees was a turning point in the spiritual and as a most scholarly editor of old German this was the true community of the spirit". poetry. These letters, carefully compiled and history of mankind. Had they surrendered their Franz Kafka's meeting with Eastern European faith, Judaism might have perished and neither commented by his friend and secretary, Margot Jews also constituted a turning point in his Ruben, show how he moved more and more to Christianity nor Mohammedanism could have spiritual development. arisen. his centre of gravity—his Jewishness, The era of emancipation in Germany waj very The Darmstadt Akademie publications serve their Rabbi Rappaport, who dedicates his book " to soon followed by an era of racial anti-Semitism, the memory of my parents and my brother", purpose of kindling new interest in writers who the protagonists of which were Treitschke and would otherwise easily be forgotten. One of their who were murdered by the Nazis, finds " the " the notorious charlatan scholar H, S. Chamber­ Maccabean spirit of heroism, resistance and sacri­ recent publications is Alfred Mombert's " Sfaira der lain, one of the precursors of Nazi-racialism'". Alte "—an enlarged reprint of the beautiful Schoc­ fice " in the courage displayed in the revolt of The result was that " millions of Jews suffered the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto. We hear of the ken edition of 1936, then available to Jewish readers torture and death because they belonged to what only, now incorporating a second part which was Maccabees again in another essay of this book, was considered a non-Aryan race ", when a Jew in Theresienstadt explains to a child a private Swiss publication, Mombert was an on his sixth birthday why he must wear the In contrast to the "German race-mania", intimate friend of Richard Dehmel's who, alas, yellow badge from that day on, " I told him Judaism " rejects the belief in any innate differen­ is also almost forgotten now. However, his work of the wars of the Maccabees, of the shield of tiation of human beings according to racial is less obsessed by sexual and social problems ; David, of the blue and white flag, of the Diaspora descent. Religion and ethics is everything, blood it does not deal with " problems " at all but with which turned the symbol to yellow and made it and race nothing ". Arnold Zweig characterised " des Kosmos Glut-Gesetzen ", The complete a cause of mockery for others, and of the coming " as pagan the attitude of the National Chauvinists ceuvre of this great visionary and spokesman of liberation, far from the Diaspora and the Ghetto, who want to substitute the nation for God or Western civilisation was produced by Insel-Verlag. and of the future renewal of life. The eyes of for the universal spirit, who claim the right to In the same series of the Darmstadt Akademie, the child lit up with understanding." dominate other peoples". Dr. Rappaport says: Arno Nadel is commemorated with a particularly " It was the tragedy of German Jewry that beautifully printed and well-arranged edition of The German Jews who fled from Germany after Germany never reached full democratic maturity, his posthumous book of verse, " Der weissagende the Black Death of 1348 were offered asylum . . Only in the genuinely democratic countries Dionysos"; this matches his philosophic poem in Poland, where they lived for six centuries of the Anglo-American sphere" have the Jews " Der Ton", on which his fame rests. Born in " until the catastrophe of Auschwitz and Tre­ " been afforded the opportunity of harmonising Vilna, collector and adaptor of Yiddish folk­ blinka ". There they developed a splendid and integrating two civilisations". songs and of liturgical Hebrew hymns, translator spiritual legacy, founded famous Yeshivoth What Dr, Rappaport tells us by way of essays of the author of " Der Dybuk", S, Anski, Arno academies for higher rabbinical learning, which and discursive reasoning, Jose Orabuena. a Jewish Nadel made a Ufe-long study of Greek mythology. provided rabbis for all Orthodox Jews in Europe writer of Spanish descent, brings before our Recent research has elucidated the origins and and America. Dr. Rappaport pays special tribute inner eye in his novel, "Gross ist deine Treue "" the connections between Greek and Oriental to Louis Ginzberg from Kovno. who was Profes­ (Ferdinand Schoningh, Paderborn, DM 24), He myths, and his editor, Friedhelm Kemp, aptly sor of Rabbinics in the Jewish Theological I1ed from Nazi Germany to Denmark where he calls Nadel "ein frommer Jude (der), nachdem Seminary in New York, and died in 1953. wrote this book. David Orabuena, the main das Christentum die Antike im Gewand der A Jewish lullaby says: "My little child, close character of the novel, is the author himself, who Allegoric und als Ethos rezipiert hat , . , diesc went to Vilna during the First World War. where Welt noch einmal, sehr nachdrucklichen Verboten he became acquainted with Eastern Jews. David zuwider, aus dem Geiste der Musik als eine speaks of " the suffering of us Jews through the religios verpflichtende heraufzurufen sich ages . . , hatred and envy can more easily be ermachtigt fuhlte ". inflamed than goodness and understanding ", He The Mainzer Akademie der Wissenschaft und knows that Catholic Spain persecuted the Jews of der Literatur made a monument to another the 15th century, burnt them at the stake and " Jewish Greek ", Rudolf Borchardt, a master of expelled them in the most cruel and humiliating the German language. Their small selection manner. The Jews of Segovia, among them his whetted the appetite of both German readers and own ancestor, spent their last three days in the of the Ernst Klett Verlag, Stuttgart, who embarked cemetery " crying because they had to leave their on an eight-volume edition of Borchardt's dead behind. In their despair, they pulled the collected works, soon approaching completion. J. C. Gilbert tombstones out from the earth and took them alone An embarrassing phenomenon, not only on as terrible and majestic signs of remembrance." account of his attitude towards Germans and They fled to Portugal, only to be expelled from Jews, towards traditionalism and neo-fascism, the there too, and sailed for months in pest-ridden range of Borchardt's talents as a philologist and Limited boats. When some of them landed again in the a translator, as a lyric poet and an exemplary South of Spain, priests tried to convert them epic writer, command both respect and to Christianity. When they refused, the Bishop admiration, of Malaga starved them to death. Some were thrown into the sea, among them his ancestor Hermann Kesten's essays, " Der Geist der who managed to get to Constantinople, Unruhe" (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne), are of quite a different order. In spite of his friendly David visits Vilna as an old man because his demeanour, Kesten is an angry young man. Know­ COLUMBIA HOUSE mother was born there. He is deeply moved by ing that he was a Jew but not knowing what a the piety of the Eastern Jews, by their trust in Jew was, the events of 1933 left him in a sort God despite all their sufferings. " Eternal wan­ of trauma, and literature, especially contemporary ALDWYCH derers, pressed and outlawed by the mighty of German literature, can never again be for him what this earth, but smilingly acknowledged by God." it was before his experience of emigration. His One of them says: "Free? A terribly exciting mirror often shows one aspect of the picture only, LONDON, WC2 word for the ear of a Jew because it reminds him but it never distorts, of the deepest desire in his soul." Another says: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne, courageously " Is Vilna a home? Is it not rather a place of try to put the Jewish philosopher, Constantin suffering? Is Vilna mentioned in the Bible, in Brunner, on the map again. The two works first the Talmud? But Jerusalem is; but Palestine republished of this philosopher, who was much is." They all await the Messiah '" as if for a far­ discussed in the 'twenties. " Unser Christus " and away but certain gift", Ben Orabuena, who had "Materialismus und Idealismus", were sponsored the good fortune to get to Great Britain in his by Yehudi Menuhin and by a Dutch medical E youth, says: " I live in England because I love practitioner, who actually made their reprint that country very much ; because only there 1 financially possible. The latter book attempts to found that significant and ordered freedom I prove that materialism and idealism are not oppo­ like IP much." sites. As to the former, a book on Jesus by a All Jews who fled from Germany to this country Jewish author is bound to create uneasiness on have had the same experience. The German both sides. It is a provocative book, thought- editor of Orabuena's novel reminds German provoking, dealing with Jesus as a human being, readers of Cain's words: "Guilt like mine is too as a controversial figure and as the very genius great to find forgiveness," of religion. J. LESSER, LUTZ WELTMANN. AJR INFORM.ATION Februarv. 1960 Page II MRS. DENNIS COHEN OBITUARY MISS HANNAH ROOS writes : " Others have written of the remarkable achievements and varied life of Mrs. Dennis TRIBUTE TO BEISNO ELKAN Cohen (Dr. K. H. Cohen), but 1 would like to think of her some twenty-one years ago in con­ Benno Elkan. the famous Jewish sculptor, died candelabra (Old Testament—his principal work nection with the work she did with the ten in the Central Middlesex Hospital on January at that time—found a place in Westminster thousand children who came to this country with­ lOth. Abbey, an honour unheard of for an exiled Jewish out their parents under the Refugee Children's Born in Dortmund. Westphalia, 82 years ago. artist. Then followed his second candelabra Movement. It was she who organised a small he first intended lo become a painter and studied (New Testament) for Westminster Abbey. band of devoted workers for the reception of at the .Academy in Munich, at the same time His works are the artistic expression of his these bewildered children at the various London trying his hand at sculpture. In 1904. a commis­ extreme religiosity and humanity. This is also stations, occasionally meeting them herself as far sion from a Dortmund newspaper publisher true of his later main work, the great Menorah. distant as the port of Harwich, and with helpful embarked him on his career as a sculptor. He which he created for the Israeli Knesseth (a gift suggestions did her best to make every child feel studied first in Paris (1905-1908) then in Rome. of the British House of Commons). But the welcome. She saw that they had a home to go In 1910 he returned to Germany where he worked. summit of his life was achieved with his last to, taking them to various hostels or their foster- w.ith great success, until 1933. when the great work, a monument for the victims of the last parents, and sometimes even to her own home. exodus of Jews from Germany began. war and. at the same time, a memento of the The warmth and human touch of her approach , Benno Elkan emigrated to London where he terrible fate which awaits humanity in the event made her the trusted friend of these young nad to start all over again, but again he succeeded. of another war. He worked on this sculpture refugees—many will remember her to this day. As in Germany, he executed many portraits of for years until almost the end of his life, though " Some years later I chanced to meet her in outstanding politicial personalities, including half paralysed by arthritis and hardly able to the Almoner's office of St. George"s Hospital, Churchill, artists, scientists and other famous move. It is to be hoped that this great work of where she was the first woman to be appointed people. He was uninhibited by any passing art will some day be executed in bronze, as a to the staff and was then House Physician. To fashion, obeying only his innermost calling and monument not only to an outstanding artist but her, patients were not " cases" but individual following his own artistic creed, A few years also to humanity itself. human beings." ago he was awarded the 0,B£. and in 1939 his RJS. MARGARETE HOLZER Mrs. Margarete Holzer who died on Decem­ ber 22nd was the wife of Rabbi Dr. Holzer (formerly of Hamburg). She was a woman who set herself very high standards and who took upon herself the duties of a rabbi's wife with great devotion. She was beloved and highly esteemed, not only in her former community, but also as a result of her social activities. When she came to this country after the des­ truction of Jewish Ufe in Germany she worked very hard to keep her home for her husband and her children in the old tradition, and when her husband returned to Germany after the end of the war, she followed to build up a new Jewish Ufe. She retumed to London with her husband after his retirement about two years ago. Unfor­ tunately she did not enjoy this leisure very long. She fell ill a few months ago and did not recover again. Margarete Holzer was a real Esches chayil, a very distinguished woman and a genuine Jewish mother. She was beloved and honoured by all who came in contact with her. She will never be forgotten by all those who have known and loved her, J,B,

Memorial lo Victims of Ar R.:uls. A Warning to Future Generations of the Horror of War" [By courtesy of '" The Jewish Chronicle " PROFESSOR HANS FRIEDLANDER DR. KURT SCHINDLER Ackermans Professor Dr, Hans Friedlander ist am 5, Januar i960 in Havant. Hants gestorben, It is learned, with deep regret, that Dr, Kurt nf" wurde am 27.8.1888 in Berlin geboien, Schindler (Leeds), died on January 4th. He was lieb seinen Tod haben alle, die ihn kennen und a medical practitioner in Leeds since 1942, where Chocolates ^epen gelemt haben. einen schweren Verlust he was regarded as a " medical father " by most „i'. ^n- Hans Friedlander und ich haben zur of the former Jews from Germany and Austria De Luxe stud " ^'' ^" ^^'^ Universitaet in Berlin in that city. He devoted his whole strength and sph'^!}' ^''' waren nicht nur verwandt sondern efforts to their well-being. Although he himself IN BEAUTIFULLY DESIGNED cnr befreundet. Er studierte Philosophie und PRESENTATION BOXES « im Jahre 19.18 sein Doktorexamen an der was stricken with illness during the past five years ^iiiversitaet in Beriin abgelegt. Seit 1930 war er or more, he did not spare himself in helping igOLa'dozent an der Universitaet in BerUn. Seit others, particularly many old and ailing ,;_•:,'^hrte er an der Lehranstalt fuer die Wissen- ex-refugees. MARZIPAN SPECIALITIES ^•-natt des Judentums in Berlin. Dr. Schindler was closely associated with the seine Frau Annekaethe. geb. Rellstab. stammt local AJR branch, of which he was an Executive • splK ^^R" Alt-BerUner Musikerfamilie und ist member and for many years its Chairman. He Fra Pianistin. Im Jahre 1939 wanderie er mit will be gratefully remembered by all those who BAUMKUCHEN i^au und Tochter nach England aus. came in contact with him. fnl "^ Friedlander hat sich durch die Naziver- • ("'SPng nicht aus seiner Bahn werfen lassen. Er .„ .'" England von Anfang an wissenschaftiich FRIEDRICH AOLER sein^ B^wesen. hat sich schriftstellerisch auf 43, Kensington Church St. iinH '"r, Gebiet betaetigt und hat in Birmingham Friedrich Adler, veteran of the Austrian Social p"° Portsmouth (Teacher's Training College) Democratic Party, died in Switzerland at the age London, W.8 rsychologie und Philosophie gelehrt. Er stand of 81. He became widely known when he hat n • °^™^ mit dem Leo Baeck Institut und assassinated the Austrian Prime Minister, Graf Iiicf^^'"^^^^^ ^

YOU CAN rnmllittl Ha. 790IS0 e X OWN

EXCITING MONOuAS

Cortets Silhoutttt Ltd., B4 Baktr Street, London, W.l The leading GAS LIGHTER, from 68^6 AJR INFORMATION Februarv, I960 Page 13 FROM THE GERMAN SCENE NAZI DOCTORS' TRIALS In Muenster. Dr. Otto Adam of Hammelburg INSTRUCTION ON NAZI ERA IN SCHOOLS SOCIAL DEMOCRATS AGAINST GENERAL was arrested and charged with murdering prisoners AMNESTY in the Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen concentra­ The Conference of Provincial Ministers of tion camps. He was believed to have carried out Lulture has announced that children in West Recently, the Social Democratic Party expressed yellow fever experiments on the prisoners. German elementary schools will receive more ils opposition to a general amnesty petition circu­ The Federal Prosecutor General's office has instruction on the Nazi period. It was also lated among parliamentary deputies in Bonn. The referred the case of Dr, Werner Heyde, the decided by the Education Committee of the Con­ Bill, which was initiated by the German Party " euthanasia " doctor, to the Hesse State authori­ ference that school administrators should issue (DP) would provide for a general pardon for all ties. It is stated he will be tried in the Hesse special rulings to compel reluctant teachers to give crimes committed in connection with war actions court as several " euthanasia stations" were such instruction. and National Socialism, located in Hesse during the first part of the war. The Frdnkische Presse, Bayreuth, has published The former West Berlin Police Chief, Edmund The State of Hesse is the only West German a comment on current efforts to secure a general Zembok, and the then local Medical Officer, Dr. ^tate to make instruction on the Nazi era com­ amnesty for all forthcoming S.S. trials under the Gottfried Matthes. have been charged in West pulsory in public schools. So far. other states heading " Self-Purge is Necessary ". Those who Berlin with the assassination of 26 mental nave only recommended that material dealing really harm the German people, it states, are patients at Ottmachau, Silesia, in April 1945. With the period after the First Worid War should those who will not help them get rid of scoundrels. "e included m the history curriculum. INVESTIGATIONS AGAINST AUSCHWITZ GUARDS LANGEMARCK REMEMBERED PROFESSOR HEUSS ON THE PAST Widespread investigations are being made by The Sudeten German Youth (S,D,J,) in Vienna, the Frankfurt prosecution oflice against a group In a broadcast interview of the South German arranged a Langemarck celebration to com­ of former Auschwitz camp guards. As a result Kundfunk. Professor Heuss warned of the memorate the German attack on this Belgian Victor Capesius, a 52-year-old chemist, has been oangerous tendency of trying to forget the past, fortress at the beginning of the First World War, arrested and charged with complicity in the 'f*as most essential to face the historical realities It is interesting to note that no Langemarck cele­ murder of Jewish and political prisoners in ot the past events, and the Germans could not bration was held in Germany, Auschwitz. The office of prosecution has excuse themselves by the assertion that they were systematically been searching for members of "Ot the only ones to blame, SEPP DIETRICH IN SALZBURG the S.S, execution units listed in letters written by the Auschwitz camp commander. Rudolf Hoess. PROFESSOR CARLO SCHMIDT VISITS The former commandant of the Leibstandarte ISRAEL • Adolf Hitler ", S,S. Fuhrer Sepp Dietrich, was IMPRISONMENT FOR NAZI SALUTE the guest of honour at a gathering of the At the funeral of a former N.S. Kreisleiter, the Professor Carlo Schmidt. West German Social Kameradschaftsgruppe IV (S,S.) recently held in Nazi salute was given by Josef Pertl, a landscape democratic leader and Deputy Speaker of the Salzburg, Together with a delegation of former gardener, who said in his peroration : " We swear undestag. who toured Israel as the guest of S,S, troopers he placed a wreath bearing an S.S. that we shall never desert or betray the colours e Israel Mission in Cologne, was the first inscription on the war memorial. and ideals which were sacred to you." He was erman to deliver a lecture in German at the sentenced to five months" imprisonment. ^eorew Universitv. He talked on the evolution FORMER GESTAPO OFFICIAL'S SUICIDE Jg *^'""opean culture, stressing the contribution of HIERL'S ESTATE CONFISCATED and* i'° "^^ development of the European spirit. Willi Schmidt, a former Gestapo oflicial who Was '^'^''^'' 'bat the re-establishment of Israel was arrested in Hechingen on the charge of causing The estate of the late Reichsarbeitsfiihrer Kon­ fk. among the most significant vindications of Ihe death of K.Z. prisoners, committed suicide stantin Hierl has been confiscated b\ a decision 'nc huropean spirit. in his cell. •of the BerUn de-Nazification Court.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE LTD. E.M.E. vnn °^^^^ '° ensure that vou get ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. Electrical and Mechanical Engineering rpo, 1 'i^Py of ^^R Information (Proprietor ; H. TURNER, Dipl. Ing.) 'cgtJlariy, please be sure to inform WEL. 2S28 ""mediately of any change of All Makx Bcught, Sold & Exchanged ELEaRICAL CONTRAaORS address. lt*pair«, Maintwionc* 34, CLIFTON ROAD, W.9 IIMBJMI It CRAWFORD STREET, BAKER STREIT. W.l •Phone : CUNninghom 9833 A.B.C. 'Aid Blind Children in Jerusalem) LEO HOROVITZ COMMITTEE TOWN & COUNTRY L. A. PREECE SCULPTOR-STONEMASON the MARRIAGE BUREAU EXPERIENCED DECORATOR the Ion """^"j "^ ^^°'' ""^geritly requires Memorials for all PQrti^ « houses or flats for house 124, Gloucester Rood, S.W.7 First-class work. Cemeteries 'oisp „ °' °"' 25-35 age group to Speciol prices during winter season. FRObisher 1691. 16, FAWLEY ROAD, e money for the Blind Institute. 15, St. Annes Rd., Bornes, S.W.13 WEST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.6 Utmost core token. All inquiries strictly confidentiol. 'Phone : PRO. 5111. Donations also gladly accepted, Telephone : HAMpsteod 2564 "th Rosenbloom, Hon. Secretory, o. l-ytton Close, N.2 AJR AJR CLUB ATTENDANCE 2I0N HOUSE, 57, ETON AVE., The Old And New Press Centre In Frankfurt N.W.3. The "Eschenheimer Gass" is one of the traditional SERVICE SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 28 newspaper streets of the world. Each day the "Frank­ furter Rundschau" is printed here in hundreds of Women available to core for ot 5 p.i thousands of copies. This paper combines the spirit of sick persons and invalids ; as liberal joumalism as it has developed through the companions and sitters-in ; ages in the town of Goethe with the open-mindedness part-time preferred. LIEDER S ARIAS to portray present day life and modern thought. Our I Ali publication believes in tradition and progress. Phone : MAI. 4449 "e Schocffer Ernest Frank He who wants to leam about Germany will read the Acciompanie d by Daniel Kelly Frankfurter Rundschau Spoce donated by : S. F. fr 0. HALLGARTEN Specimen copies available free of charge from the printers : Spoce donofed by : Winet ond Spirits Frankfurter Rundsdiau, Grofie Eschenheimer Strafie 16-16, Frank­ Importers and Exportors 38 ^''*''^ CUTTERS LIMITED furt am Main, Germany " felshom Rood, Putney, S.W.IS I, CrHtchcd Friors, London, E.C.3 n^ n^

Page 14 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 NEW MANCHESTER OLD AGE HOME OLD AGE HOMES The Morris Feinmann Homes for elderly refugees in Manchester have moved to new CHANUKAH IM OTTO SCHIFF HOUSE Rabbiner Kokotek erweckte bei alien—den premises. The new building accommodates forty- Wissenden und den Unwissenden—Interesse durch four residents and was built according to the In alien drei Allersheimen werden von jeher seine Ausdeutung des Chanukah-Festes unter present requirements for such Homes, not only in etwa monatlichen Absiaenden kuenstlerische Heranziehung historischer Zusammenhange. providing pleasant accommodation but also Veranstaltungen (Konzerle, Rezilalionsnaclimil- Lustig war ein Nachmittag. an dem 20 Kinder incorporating all technical devices. tage, Bildvorfuehrungen usw.) diirchgefuelirl, fuer aus dem Beth Jakob-Kindergarten (Stamford The Morris Feinmann Homes Trust was die sich eine Reilte wohlbekannter Kuenstler Hill) zu uns kamen und uns verschiedene founded in 1947 by the private efforts of AJR selbstlos zur Verfuegung gestellt haben. Die Vorfuhrungen—alle auf orthodoxer Basis—boten. members in Manchester. The erection of the letzte Woche des Dezember stand im Zeichen Zur allgemeinen Ueberraschung beteiligten sich new building was made possible through the pro­ von Chanukah, das in alien Heimen festlich dies Jahr auch zwei unserer Einwohner produktiv ceeds from the heirless property, administered by begungen wurde. Leider ist es aus Rauin- an den Feierstunden. Eine Bewohnerin trug ein the Allocations Committee of the Central British gruenden iticht moeglich, Berichte ueber alle amijsantes selbst verfasstes Gedicht vor, in dem Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation, and Feiern zu veroeffentlichen. Die folgende sie den Verlauf des morgentlichen Friihstucks through the enthusiastic efforts of the local com­ Darslellung ueber die Veranslallungen im Otto mittee members. Schiff House gibi aber gleichzeitig ein Elderly refugees wishing to obtain particulars lebendiges Bild von der Atmosphere, die dem of accommodation in the Manchester Home, if Leben in den Heimen ihr besonderes Gepraege and when vacancies are available, are advised to gibl. get in touch with the Matron, Morris Feinmann House. Spath Road, Manchester, 20. Viele von uns hier im Otto Schiff House empfanden es wie ich : So schon war es noch nie, noch nie so abwechslungsreich. noch nie so belebt ! Schon in der Woche vor dem Fest gab JEWS' TEMPORARY SHELTER es eine grosse Freude, da wir einen neuen sehr The annual report of the Jews' Temporary guten Plattenspieler von der Leo Baeck Loge Shelter for the year ending October 1958, reveals gestiftet bekamen. und Musik-Abende—von that in the earlier months of the period under Beethoven zu " My Fair Lady "—uns in Stimmung review the work of the Shelter was mainly con­ versetzten. Nach dem ersten LichteanzUnden cerned with ffnalising the housing of Hungarian bekam jeder ein individuell ausgesuchtes schilderte und die Ungeduld der Einwohner und and Egyptian refugees. Later in the year, the Geschenk, und mehr noch als die Gaben an sich rising migration of Jews from other parts of the erfreute das liebevolle Nachdenken und die Miihe ihre verschiedenen Wiinsche ironisch beschrieb. Da wohl keiner der Anwesenden die ausgeteilten world once again proved the importance of des Einkaufs als Symbol der Freundlichkeit der the Shelter. Most of the migrants now accommod­ uns umsorgenden Personlichkeilen. Auch fur ein Spitzen auf sich selbst bezog, waren alle belustigt und keiner beleidigt. Ein anderer Gast hielt eine ated in the Shelter are arrivals from places like Festtagsmenii war gesorgt, das in mir Erinne­ Iraq, Aden, Poland, and India. rungen an "" Einst"' wach rief. Wie verlautet, hat spontane Ansprache, bei der aus jedem Wort man uns angeblich vorher zwecks Ersparnis ihre warme Dankbarkeit hervortrat. Sie schloss The work of the Shelter is financed almost knapper gehalten als sonst, doch ich muss mit der Bitte, doch endlich aufzuhoren, das Otto exclusively by voluntary donations. Prospective gestehen, dass ich es nicht gemerkt habe. Am Schiff House als ein " Altersheim " zu bezeichnen, donors are asked to send contributions to the Sonntag hatten wir ein besonders schones Konzert, es sei ein " Ausruheplatz", in dem es auch Hon. Treasurer. Jews' Temporary Shelter. 63 ausgefiihrt durch Martin Lovett, Susan Rosza. manchmal ausserst vergnuglich zugeht. Damit Mansell Street. London, E.l. Ernst Frank, und Sydney Crooke, als Begleiter. wies sie auf den " Tanzabend " hin, der kiirzlich Erwahnenswert ist das gut zusammengestellte stattfand. Man hatte sehen sollen, wie beinahe Programm von internationaler Musik. das dem alle von uns Alten sich mit Vergniigen zum Tanze THE HYPHEN Niveau der Zuhorer Kechnung trug und nicht, wie fuhren liessen. Auch unsere Leiterinnen tanzten selbst unentwegt und zum allgemeinen Amuse­ The Hyphen's programme for february includes dies manchmal der Fall ist, zum Publikum a talk. •• The Stock Exchange and the Small •• herabsprach". Das LichteanzUnden war eine ment fuhrten sie uns sehr temperamentvoll " Rock Besonderheit: Einmal wurde der Segensspruch 'n' Roll " vor. Die Einfuhrung solcher Tanza- Investor", on February Mth at Zion House. 57, von einem Achtjahrigen gesprochen. am nachsten bende sei anderen Altersheimen empfohlen ! Eton Avenue, N.W.3, at 7.30 p.m. Further Tag von zwei grosseren Jungen gesungen. particulars may be obtained from the Hon. N.W. Secretary, 32 Ossulton Way. N.2 (SPE. 2310).

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED D E S P A T C H/FILING/ORDER LEEDS girl, 18, educated, wishes to CLERK. 54, seeks part- or full-time have pen friend aged 19-24. Interests Entries in this column are free of Situations Vacant job. Box 635. varied. Box 626. charge. Texts should be sent in by th* REQUIRED : Lady companion for HUNG. REF.. formerly teacher 18r/i of the month. recently widowed lady in 60s ; mathematics and physics, know. Miscellaneous Beckenham area ; own house with German, seeks filing/ledger clerk FOR SALE. Contin. bedroom suite ; Birthdays garden ; must be cheerful and in work. Box 636. good health. Full details to Box 627. oak-polished 4-drawer fihng cabinet; Leeser.—Mrs. Anna l.eeser (nee FORMER lawyer, exp. statistics, 2 featherbeds. All good condition. Herz), 6 Elm Road. Wembley. Middx Situations Wanted seeks part-time work. Box 637. Box 644. (formerly Essen), will celebrate her SOth birthday on February 4th. Men HOME WORK or part-time wanted FURNITURE reqd. for lounge, bed­ BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR with for addressing or copy-typing by room, and kitchen for Hung, refugee Rosenthal.—Ludwig Rosenthal (for­ accountancy background seeks res­ elderly man. Box 638. family. 'Phone MAI. 4449. merly wine merchant at Heilbronn ponsible position with progressive WANTED : Continental dining-room a/N), 116 Kenilworth Avenue, firm. Box 628. HUNG. REF.. 35. exp. with cars, incl. Rolls Royce. seeks job driving armchair. HEN. 6132. Wimbledon Park. S.W.19. will cele­ EXP. INTERPRETER/CLERK. 59. brate his SOth birthday on February lorry or van, speaks English and WARDROBE wanted for needy official in Jewish community, Berlin, German. Box 642. 6th. for six years, seeks position as elderly woman. 'Phone MAI. 4449. correspdnt., short./typ., or figure work. Women Silver Wedding Exp. restitution matters. Box 629. BOOKKPR. TYPIST, P.A.Y.E., exp., MISSING PERSONS Jones. Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Jones. HUNG. REF., 53, form, solicitor, reliable, seeks part-time post. Box 639. Personal Enquiries seeks post as bookkeeper, accountant, 48 Queen's Gate Terrace. London, JEWISH LADY seeks post as com­ S.W.7. celebrated their silver wedding up to T.B.. P.A.Y.E. Langs. : English. Walter Helmuth and Ibolyka Slotow- German. French. Box 630. panion to elderly or invalid person on January 3rd. (incl. light housework). Box 641. ski. Persons from Gorlitz who knew STORE KEEPER/PACKER/DES­ Walter Helmuth Slotowski (com­ Deaths PATCH CLERK, exp. ladies' coats AJR Attendance Service mercial traveller, born in Lotzen) and his wife. Ibolyka Slotowski (nee trade, elderly, reliable, seeks position. WOMEN available to care for sick Box 631. Feher, pianist, bom in Budapest), Lindenberg.—Ernst Lindenberg (for­ people and invalids, as companions merly Berlin). 196 Empire Court. formerly of Nonnenstrasse 13, Gor­ EXP. SALES/OFFICE Manager, tex­ and sitters-in ; full- or part-time (not litz, during 1928 to 1936, are Wembley Park, Middx, passed away tiles. Imp./Exp.. 30. seeks position residential). 'Phone MAI. 4449. suddenly on December 2Sth. Deeply requested to contact their son, Mr. T. with scope. Box 632. Hall, 12 Lawnswood Grove, Hands- moumed by his wife, Hilde. AJR Needlewoman Service SCIENCE GRADUATE (foreign), 40, worth. Birmingham 21, for purposes Schrubsiu.—Mr. Leo Schrubski (for­ good know. German. French. Russian, WOMEN available for alterations, of restitution. merly Berlin). 15 Matlock Grove, bookkpg., engng., drawing, librarian mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. (U.D.C.), adminis. ability, seeks post. 4449. Burnley, Lanes, passed away peace­ Enquiries by AJR fully in his sleep after a severe illness Box 633. Personal on December 25th. at the age of 67. STOCK KEEPER/PACKER, exp. LOAN. £700 at 6i per cent required Bronya (Beryl) Nissenbaum. Last Deeply mourned by his wife, Cilly, textiles, 52, know. P.A.Y.E. and bv established civil servant. Loan heard of in Cornwall, 1948-1949. his daughters, sons-in-law. grand­ ledger work, seeks suitable position. will be doubly secured. References Information is required regarding her children, sisters, relatives, and friends. Box 634. to be exchanged. Box 640. whereabouts. Box 643. AJR INFORMATION February, i960 Page 15 AJR BOARD MEETING JEWS AND PEACE The Jewish Peace Societ\ lately held a joint More than 60 people from London and the provision of home help in cases of illness. AJR meeting with ihe New West End Synagogue Pro°^{ncev s attended the meeting of the A.JR Board Information which, as before, served as an Centre, when the contribution Jewish people ^"ich took place on January 17th at Avoca indispensable link between headquarters and all could make to Ihe cause of peace was the main House Hotel. London. N.W.3. After having paid members, tried to live up to the expectations of Iheme for discussion. One speaker said Jews in tribute to the memory of two deceased Board its readers by its topicality and vividness. In the this country should cultivate the " peace mind." •pembers, Mr. Arthur Hausdorff and Mr. Hugo organisational sphere the response to the recent They should be at peace with themselves and Autseesser (Cambridge), the Chairman, Mr. H. appeal for a voluntary increase of subscriptions with others—from families to groups and from •^eichmann, referred to the recent happenings in had, so far, been promising and was, apart from groups to people. "-•ermany and elsewhere, which were bound to be the financial aspect, an encouragement as an Panicularly on the minds of a community like Mr. Reginald Sorensen, M.P., Chairman of the appreciation of the AJR's efforts. National Peace Council, said that peace had now, urs whose members had been victims of the In his report on the Homes, Mr. A. S. Dresel, as never before in the world's history, become an '^azi regime. The AJR had acted jointly with its Vice-Chairman of the AJR, slated that the three urgent necessity. It was essential to analyse the corresponding organisations abroad through the Homes, with a total capacity of 133 residents, nature of true peace and to make it clear that S_ouncil of Jews from Germany of which it was were practically full. There was a waiting list the only worth-while peace was one that was con­ jne British constituent. (The text of the cable sent of several hundred people of whom more than sistent with human dignity—the dignity of the 'o Federal President Luebke is published on the one hundred should be accommodated at the individual—and must, therefore, ultimately be front page of this issue.) As far as the happen- earliest possible date. Under these circumstances founded on democracy and freedom. Referring 'ngs in this country were concemed, it was the erection of a fourth Old Age Home would to the Middle East, he said they wished the State essential that all Jews resident in the United be highly desirable. Mr. Dresel also reported well, but they also realised that the Arab world •^'ngdom, whether of British or foreign birth, that the plans for the erection of a Home for the was there, too, and that there must ultimately spoke with one voice through the existing repre- Infirm at the site of Leo Baeck House had been be peace between them—federation, perhaps, in entative bodies, and no separate action in the completed, and that it was hoped to have the the remote future. narne of the Jews from Germany appeared to be Home ready in one-and-a-half to two years' time. warranted. The purchase of a property to be converted into Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs said that Jews should .Though the strong feelings of concern among a flatlet home for elderly people was at present be in the forefront of those who spoke in the ' present were noticeable throughout the meeting, under active consideration, but the final decision name of peace and should do something more, "s ensuing reports and the debate were mainly depended on the outcome of various investiga­ urgently. They were anxious to get as many (Concentrated on the specific practical activities tions which were still going on. Jews as possible interested and participating in the °f the AJR. work of the Jewish Peace Society, whose Presi­ Mr. F. Goldschmidt reviewed the latest dent was the Chief Rabbi, its Vice-President, _ Jn his general i eport, Mr. W. Rosenstock, the developments in the field of restitution and com­ Viscount Samuel, and its Chairman, Professor h\f"^u^' Secretary, summarised the progress made pensation and especially referred to several negotiations conducted by the Vice-President of Norman Bentwich. y the AJR during the past year under three the Council of Jews from Germany, Mr. W. ••spects: it had safeguarded the general interests In his address Professor Bentwich said that there Breslauer (London) and himself with the German had been great disappointment among certain sec­ ?J the community, expanded its work for the authorities concerned. It was his firm conviction omes and its social services, and strengthened tions of the Jewish people that Jews, as a body, that, as regards indemnification, there was no had not come out with a pronouncement as had 's organisational position. One of the tasks in reason for being alarmed by the recent happen­ "'ch it had been and still was actively engaged ings in Germany. other religious bodies, when recently there was a stirring of opinion in this country about nuclear °ncemed the efforts regarding the taxability of The reports were followed by a lively dis­ Indemnification " Renten ". The Social Services cussion in which the following Board members warfare. A number of members of the Jewish Partment required vacancies (especially part- look part: Mr. W. Breslauer, Mr. E. Gould, Mr. Peace Society did, however, issue a lelter giving aiul^ ^°'^ elderly people) and help in kind (clothing F. E. Falk. Mr. H. Blumenau, Mr. J. Singer what they felt to be the attitude of the Jewish j^" furniture) for those in their charge. The (Glasgow). Mr. M. Deutschkron (Birmingham), people to this question and as being representative epartment's work also included advice to Mr. B. Woyda, Mr. W. M. Behr, Rabbi Dr. G. of Judaism. He felt that that was a very auspicious entally disturbed people, visits to the sick and Salzberger and Dr. H. Fleischhacker. occasion.

BRASSIERES & CORSETS THE DORICE Mode to Measure Continental Cuisine—Licensed Such pretty things at Reasonable All work in connection wiHi '69o Fincklcy Rd., N.W.3 Prices Corsetry (MAI. 6301) MRS. A. MAYER .^ PARTIES CATERED FOR Phone: MAIda Vale 5713

T,."FURZEDOWN " The Exclusive Salon da Corsetaria 'Qeoi piocj ^Q, holidays & convoiescenca Loroe garden with sunshed Mme H. LIEBERG 871. FINCHLEY ROAD H^^ '^•&c. wafer in all Ist-flr. b«lrms. Home (Next to trie Post Office, Goiders GreenI o'mosphere, Continentol cookino 'Phone : SPEedwoll 8673 (oil diets). Children welconne Foihlonable French, American, and English Medels. Ready-mad* and te meaiar* ®°'> ROAD. HINDHEAD, SURREY EXPERT FITTING "Telephone : Hindheod 335 COMFORTABLE HOME COMFORTABLE HOME iContinental food if desired) FOR OLD LADIES BRANCHES IN MAIN TOWNS FOR ONE PAYING GUEST Moderote Terms. H. & c. TV. Garden. Reasonable 58. Shoot-up Hill, N.W.Z terms. 'Phone : GLA,. 5838 Pleose telephone RIC. 0396, mornings. "HOUSE ARLET" 77, St. Gabriel's Rd., London, N.W.Z **0W CENTRALLY HEATED ROSEMOUNT THROUGHOUT! 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 'Phone : GLA, 4029 THE CONTINENTAL* HAMp. 5856 Visitors to London are welcome m my 9, CHURCH ROAD, exquisitely fumished and cultured Private S'AAAR HOUSE THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Guest House. SOUTHBOURNE Radiator Heating, Garden, TV. Good A Heme for you residential district. the Elderly people welcomed private Continental Hotel MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ BOURNEMOUTH " fne home-like atmosphere 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 '° fif 24 Herbert Rood, Do you wont comfort and every con­ venience, BournemouHi West VISITORS TO LONDON Facing sea ; 2 comfortable FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION, Bed and Breakfast f'll reduced winter terms. lounges ; TV ; garden. room with own bath, excellent Con­ Modern Furnished Rooms. Every Port centrally heated. DIETS on request. tinentol food, TV, lounge, gardens ? comfort Near tube and buses. Book early for Easter. , /*«. MARGOT SMITH Mrs. A. WOLFF, 38/40. Mapesbury Road, N.W.Z 3, Hemstal Road, N.W.6 ^^hone: Westbourne 64176 GLAdstone 9340 Mr. Cr Mrs. H. Schreiber. (MAI. 8521) ai3883-|ffa:^ Srt!g»3H3.^ga^St»rSaW!Wi.n^n-<:-'^'t-m-*ii>i HMiiHliilMMMiii

Page 16 AJR INFORMATION February, I960 FRANZ ROSENZWEIG MEMORIAL NEWS FROM ABROAD MEETING B'NAI B'RITH LODGE INSTALLED IN CO.M.MUNAL ELECTIONS IN VIENNA Under the auspices of the Zentralrat of the Jews in Germany and of the Frankfurt Jewish BERLIN The new Board of the Vienna Jewish com­ community, a memorial meeting was held to mark munity has been elected on the basis of one list, the 30th anniversary of the death of Franz A B'nai B'rith Lodge, the Leo Baeck Tradi- on which representatives of all parties had agreed. tionsloge, has been installed in Berlin. A banquet Rosenzweig. An address was given by Rabbi Dr. The new Board, comprising 24 members, is com­ Lothar Rothschild (St. Gallen) who recalled that was held to mark the occasion, at which repre­ posed as follows: Bund werktatiger Juden 13, in 1920 Rosenzweig had founded the Free Jewish sentatives of other B'nai B'rith Lodges, of the zionistische Gruppen 6, Orthodox-religiose Grup­ Lehrhaus in Frankfurt. Excerpts from Franz Jewish community and of the Berlin municipality, pen 3, Verband "Judische Einigkeit" 2. As Rosenzweig's books and letters were read by were present. before. Dr. Emil Maurer is the President of the Theodor Steiner of the Hessian Broadcasting Cor­ community. poration. Professor Theodor Heuss, in a message sent to the meeting, paid tribute to the memory GERMAN YOUTH DISCUSSES JUDAISM "RABBI LOEW AND THE GOLEM" of Rosenzweig, whom he had known personally. The Czech Government Tourist Office in Prague Over 100 students and young working people has organised a tour called " Rabbi Low and the STUDENT CHOIR'S DONATION met, under the auspices of the Evangelical Golem ". Foreigners are being conducted round Academy of Hesse, to discuss the subject of historic buildings of Jewish interest by special The student choir of Muenster University has Judaism as a spiritual problem. Talks included guides acquainted with the legend of the Golem. donated 5,000 DM. to the Muenster Jewish com­ an address by Dr. H. G. Adler, the author of the Last September the Czech Jewish community munity towards the rebuilding of a synagogue Theresienstadt books, on the theme " Persecutors commemorated the 350th anniversary of the death destroyed in 1938. The choir earned the money and Persecutees ". of Rabbi Low. during a tour of the United States. PHOTOCOPIES WHILE A. OTTEJV F.B.O.A. (Hon..) PHOTOCOPIES HIGHEST PRICES YOU WAIT QUICK and RELIABLE (Mrs. H. M. Barry) OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN paid for Tuas. to Sat., 10 a.m. to 2.0 p.m GOLDERSTAT Ladies' and Gentlemen's cast-off or by appointment Tel.: 118 FINCHLEY ROAD 25, Downham Road, N.l Clothing, Suitcases, Trunks, etc. 20, ABBEY ROAD, FLAT 115, ST. JOHN'S HAMpstead OPPOSITE JOHN BARNES & 'Phone: CLIssold 5464 (5 lines) WOOD, N.W.8 54, Golders Gardens, N.W.II (Ladies' large sizes preferred) 8336 FINCHLEY ROAD MET STN 'Phone CUN. 3370 'Phone: SPEedwell 5643 WE GO ANYWHERE, ANY TIME SHOE REPAIRS fAr. N. ROBINSON NORBERT COHN D.Opt., I.O.Sc. RICIJS SHOE REPAIR SERVICE F.B.O.A. (Honsl. D. Orth S. DIENSTAG (formerly REICH) now at CONSULTANT OPTICIAN IHAMpstead 074SJ OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN 133, HAMILTON ROAD, N.W.II 160, FINCHLEY ROAD I (2 minutt's Brent Station) (midway between Finchley Road and We have moved to : Frognal Stations) 20, Northways Parade, Finchley Road, We Collect and Deliver Telephone : SWIss Cottoge 5232 Swiss Cottage, N.W.3 465 FINCHLEY ROAD. N.W.3 'Phoae : .SPEedwell 7463 ; HAMpstcaJ 1037 'Phone: PRImrose 9660 Entrance West End Lane Note new 'phone Na. I Reissner & Goldberg M. GLASER SWI. 5161 JEWISH BOOKS ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORi E. BREUER. of all kinds, new onil second-hond. PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER Typewriters Whole Librories and Single Volumes 199b, Belsize Road, N.W.6 All Re-Upholstery. Carpers. Soles, Service Ij Repairs bought. Taleisim. Bookbinding. MAI. 2646 Furniture Repairs, French Polishing M. SULZBACHER WILL Bf DONE TO YOUR SATISFACTION Before 8.30 a.m. and after 7 p.m. H.WOORTMAN&SON I iEWiSH b HEBREW BOOKS (also purchase) GLA. 1322, MAI. 0359 'Phone : HAMpstead 5601 or call at 4, Sneath Avenue, Golders Green Rd., FINCHLEY ROAD (Child's Hill) N W.2 8, Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.3 London, N.W.ll. Tel : SPE. 1694 KAIIEiVSTEIIV LTII. Phone : HAMpsfead 3974 DEUTSCHE BUECHER Continental Builder and Decorator GESUCHT! Kosher Butchers, Poulterers VESOP Specialist in Dry Rol Repairs R. and E. STEINER (BOOKS) and ESTIMATES FREE S, CARSON HOUSE, Torrla^miring Soupg. GLOUCESTfR TERRACE, lONDON, VK I Sausage Manufacturers 'Phona : AMBassador 1S64 i 'njrr the supervision of the Beth Dm Ausgewaehltes Lager sellener und FOOT SPECIALIST vergriffenar Buecher. Wholesalers and Retailers ARCH SUPPORTS of first-class CHIROPODIST For English & German Books i Continental Sausages H. L. GERBER, L.Ch.H.Ch.D. 9, CHICKLEWOOD BROADWAY, HANS PREISS I Dady Detivenei Gladstone 4 8 i 7 N.W.I International Booksellers 5, Fairhazel Gardens, N.W.6 LIMITED 'Phons : MAI. 3224 and MAI. 9236 14 Bury Place, London, W.CL M. FISCHLER HOL 04I CONTINENTAL UPHOLSTERY ' Agents lor Parker-Knoll, Christie-Tyler and ESSENTIAL for FIRST-CLASS various other makes CONTINENTAL COOKING Carpets supplied & filled below shop prices WE GIVE YOU CURTAINS, DRAPES & MATTRESSES MADE no per 8 oz. bottle HONEST Cr RELIABLE ALSO FRENCH POLISHING Obtainable from Grocers and Stores 105, AXHOLME AVE., EDG WARE.MIDDX. Manufactured by VESOP PRODUCTS LTD. Radio & Television Service (EDG. 5411) 498, Hornsey Road, London, N.19 Telephone : SWI. 511 1 (or SPE. 1970 after 6 p.m.) The WIGMORE LAUNDRY Ltd. you will get CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIALISTS prompt and courteous attention Most London Districts Served fr a Itt-cloM repair at reasenable ceet. SHE. 4575 — brings us by radio REX ELECTRIC INDS. Write or phone the Manager, 24-hour telephone seevice 60, FORTUNE GREEN RD., N.W.6 Mr. E. Hearn, \, STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.t2

Printed at the Sharon Prett, 31, Fornival Street, H.C.4.