DOCSLIB.ORG

An Abstract of the Dissertation Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Abstract of the Dissertation Of AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Brian S. Dugovich for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology presented on May 28, 2019. Title: Investigating Variation in Immunity and Infection Risk in Wild Ungulates. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Anna E. Jolles Brian P. Dolan In the midst of the sixth mass extinction, understanding wildlife disease spillover is critical to maintaining protected wildlife areas. Studying ecoimmunology and wildlife disease ecology helps to understand immune and disease traits in an ecological context, which is invaluable in preventing pathogen spillover between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this interface, tests of innate immunity were validated in various ungulates and desert bighorn sheep, and then infectious spillover diseases in desert bighorn sheep and African buffalo were examined. In ungulates at Wildlife Safari in Oregon, innate immunity varied between species and strong positive correlations were found between innate immunity measures. In general, ecoimmunology study results are robust to the choice of innate immune defense assay. In desert bighorn sheep in California, an ELISA was developed that could measure natural antibody levels from blood samples, and differences in natural antibody levels and a bacterial killing assay were found between Peninsular and Mojave desert bighorn sheep. Spillover of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from domestic animals to desert bighorn sheep can lead to region-wide extinction. Disease prevalence, connectivity, genetic data, and immunophenotype were utilized to show that better connected populations resisted pathogen invasion. Finally, in Kruger National Park, South Africa, African buffalo calves infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus reinfected previously exposed animals to become carriers. Other risk factors for carrier status were identified: low body condition score, younger age, and being male. Identifying these attributes during risk assessment of stray buffalo could be used to help avoid foot-and-mouth disease spillover to cattle on the park border. ©Copyright by Brian S. Dugovich May 28, 2019 All Rights Reserved INVESTIGATING VARIATION IN IMMUNITY AND INFECTION RISK IN WILD UNGULATES by Brian S. Dugovich A DISSERTATION submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Presented May 28, 2019 Commencement June 2020 Doctor of Philosophy dissertation of Brian S. Dugovich presented on May 28, 2019. APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Zoology Chair of the Department of Integrative Biology Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my dissertation will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my dissertation to any reader upon request. Brian S. Dugovich, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work would not have been possible without the help of a diversity of organizations and incredible people. The Dolan Lab funded my first year of PhD studies and the Wildlife Safari Project through the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine. Special thanks to Benji Alcantar, Kirsten Thomas, Sarah Cannizzo, and the rest of the Wildlife Safari staff for facilitating animal immobilization and sampling. I am grateful to Benji providing me a place to stay in Roseburg. Becca Sullivan, Lucie Crane, and Claire Behnke were invaluable for helping with fieldwork and immunoassays and camping by the South Umpqua. I would also like to thank Heather Broughton for helping on the futile task to validate the LPA. The desert bighorn project was made possible by funds from the Epps Lab through the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University and the Jolles Lab through the Department of Biomedical Sciences. I am grateful to Heather Broughton, Rhea Hanselmann, Abby Sage, Rachel Crowhurst, Brian Henrichs, Lindsay Hunter, and Daniella Dekelaita for assisting on captures and running immunoassays and Ben Gonzalez and Lora Konde of the California Department Fish and Wildlife for mentorship and integrating our research team into the desert bighorn sheep captures. Additional thanks go to the Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert Research Center for providing housing and laboratory space and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife for letting the Golden Falcon fly. I also greatly appreciate Tyler Creech and Brandon Nickerson providing their DBH genetic data for analysis. The Morris Animal Foundation made my fieldwork in South Africa possible by graciously funding me for two years. Much gratitude is given to SANParks for approving and overseeing the study. Sincere appreciation is given to Peter Buss, Michele Miller, Jenny Hewlett and the rest of the KNP Veterinary Wildlife Services team for tirelessly capturing buffalo every two months and making scores of sedated buffalo a tranquil affair and Louis Van Schalkwyk and Lin- Mari deKlerk-Lorist for many more mornings of buffalo capture. I would also like to thank Katherine Scott and Eva Perez-Martin for helping me with the FMDV data. My South Africa time will always be precious to me with lifetime memories made with the Jolles Lab buffalo team including Courtney Coon, Julie Rushmore, Erin Gorsich, Kath Potgieter Forssman, Hannah Tavalire, Claire Couch, Henri Combrink, Leigh Combrink, Caroline Glidden, Robert Spaan, Johannie Spaan, and Danielle Sisson. Many thanks go to the Department of Integrative Biology at Oregon State University for funding my post- fieldwork PhD studies through teaching assistantships and to Lindsay Biga and Devon Quick for teaching mentoring. Finally, I owe these amazing wildlife research opportunities, compelling challenges, fieldwork and lab work assistance, amazing discoveries, and exceptional mentorship to Anna Jolles, Brian Dolan, Clinton Epps, and Brianna Beechler. CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS Authors: * designate co-authors and ** designate co-principal investigators Chapters 1 – 4: Dr. Anna E. Jolles (A.E.J.) was my co-adviser, co-principal investigator on the Wildlife Safari project, co-principal investigator for the desert bighorn sheep project, and the principal investigator on the USDA-AFRI FMDV African buffalo project. Chapters 1 – 3: Dr. Brian P. Dolan (B.P.D) was my co-adviser, co-principal investigator on the Wildlife Safari project, and co-principal investigator for the desert bighorn sheep project. Chapters 2 – 3: Dr. Clinton W. Epps (C.W.E.) was co-principal investigator on the desert bighorn sheep project. Chapters 1 – 4: Dr. Brianna R. Beechler (B.R.B.) was a post-doctoral researcher and assistant professor of research who was involved in all projects. Chapter 1: B.P.D., A.E.J., B.R.B. conceived the project idea and B.P.D. and B.R.B designed the study’s methodology. Dr. Benji Alcantar’s role as a zoo veterinarian was responsible for ungulate capture at Wildlife Safari. Dr. Lucie L. Crane helped collect data and ran the TLR experiment. B.P.D. helped write the manuscript. Chapter 2: Dr. Melanie J. Peel (M.J.P.)* was co-author with me on this manuscript. B.P.D., B.R.B., A.E.S., C.W.E., and M.J.P. helped conceptualize the project. Investigation was led by Amy. L. Palmer (A.L.P.), Dr. Aleksandra E. Sikora (A.E.S.), and Dr. Ryszard A. Zielke. M.J.P., A.E.S., and B.P.D. designed the study’s methodology. The project was administrated by C.W.E. and B.P.D. and supervised by A.E.S., A.E.J., and B.P.D. B.R.B. and B.P.D. helped write the original draft with review and editing by A.E.S., A.E.J., and C.W.E. Chapter 3: A.E.J.**, C.W.E.**, B.R.B., and B.P.D. conceived the project’s idea and helped with writing. B.R.B., B.P.D., C.W.E., and Rachel S. Crowhurst designed methodology. Dr. Benjamin Gonzalez was responsible for desert bighorn sheep capture. Chapter 4: A.E.J., B.R.B., Bryan Charleston (B.C.), and Francois F. Maree (F.F.M.) conceived the project’s idea and A.E.J., B.R.B., B.C., F.M., Eva Perez-Martin, and Katherine Scott designed the methodology. B.R.B. was the project’s administrator. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: MULTIPLE INNATE ANTIBACTERIAL IMMUNE DEFENSE ELEMENTS ARE CORRELATED IN DIVERSE UNGULATE SPECIES .... 5 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................... 9 Results ................................................................................................................ 16 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 17 Figures and Tables ............................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: DETECTION OF BACTERIAL-REACTIVE NATURAL IGM ANTIBODIES IN DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS NELSONI) POPULATIONS .............................................................................. 23 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 24 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 24 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cell Mediated Immunity After Ocular Ark-Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination
    Cell mediated immunity after ocular Ark-type infectious bronchitis virus vaccination by Rucha Shamsunder Gurjar A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 7, 2013 Keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus, chicken, interferon gamma, granzyme A, perforin, mucosal immunity Approved by Frederik W. van Ginkel, Chair, Associate Professor of Pathobiology Haroldo Toro, Professor of Pathobiology Vicky L. van Santen, Professor of Pathobiology Abstract Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) is an endemic pathogen of poultry industry causing considerable economic losses by reducing quality and quantity of egg and meat production in chickens. In spite of intensive vaccination programs, outbreaks of IB occur and are difficult to control due to serotypic heterogeneity among IB viruses. Although antibodies are important for controlling IBV, accumulating evidence indicates that cytotoxic T cell responses are very important in the initial phase of an immune response to IBV. To better understand the cell-mediated immune responses induced by IBV vaccination, we evaluated IBV-specific immune responses in mucosal and systemic immune compartments after vaccination with an Arkansas (Ark) type vaccine. Chickens were ocularly immunized with 3x105 or 3x104 50% embryo infectious doses of the Ark- type IBV vaccine at 3 and 7 weeks of age. Lymphocyte counts in conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissues (CALT), Harderian glands (HG) and spleen showed that IBV-specific immune response in secondary lymphoid tissues followed the pattern of a lag, expansion, and contraction phase as has been reported for mammals. The proportion of CD3+CD44+ T cells in the spleen, HG and CALT, as measured by flow cytometry, showed a significant (p value <0.05) increase between 9-11 days after vaccination.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative and Comparative Biology Advance Access Published May 16, 2014 Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, Pp
    Integrative and Comparative Biology Advance Access published May 16, 2014 Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, pp. 1–10 doi:10.1093/icb/icu046 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology SYMPOSIUM The History of Ecoimmunology and Its Integration with Disease Ecology Patrick M. Brock,1,* Courtney C. Murdock† and Lynn B. Martin‡ *Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK; †Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, PA, USA; ‡Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA Downloaded from From the symposium ‘‘Methods and Mechanisms in Ecoimmunology’’ presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–7, 2014 at Austin, Texas. 1E-mail: [email protected] http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/ Synopsis Ecoimmunology is an example of how fruitful integrative approaches to biology can be. Since its emergence, ecoimmunology has sparked constructive debate on a wide range of topics, from the molecular mechanics of immune responses to the role of immunity in shaping the evolution of life histories. To complement the symposium Methods and Mechanisms in Ecoimmunology and commemorate the inception of the Division of Ecoimmunology and Disease Ecology within the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, we appraise the origins of ecoimmunology, with a focus on its continuing and valuable integration with disease ecology. Arguably, the greatest contribution of ecoimmunology to wider biology has been the establishment of immunity as an integral part of organismal biology, one that may be at Cornell University Library on September 2, 2015 regulated to maximize fitness in the context of costs, constraints, and complex interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Founding Fish: Gene Duplication Contributes to Immunological Diversity in Bottlenecked Populations of Introduced Rainwater Killifish
    FOUNDING FISH: GENE DUPLICATION CONTRIBUTES TO IMMUNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN BOTTLENECKED POPULATIONS OF INTRODUCED RAINWATER KILLIFISH A Thesis submitted to the faculty of A 5 San Francisco State University 3(o In partial fulfillment of MS the requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Biology: Marine Biology by Danielle Nicole Desmet San Francisco, California December 2015 Copyright by Danielle Nicole Desmet 2015 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read FOUNDING FISH: GENE DUPLICATION CONTRIBUTES TO IMMUNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN BOTTLENECKED POPULATIONS OF * INTRODUCED RAINWATER KILLIFISH by Danielle Nicole Desmet, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Science in Biology (Marine Biology) at San Francisco State University. C. Sarah Cohen, Ph.D. Professor, Biology Eric J. Routman, Ph.D. Professor, Biology Vanessa Miller-Sims, Ph.D. Adjunct Faculty FOUNDING FISH: GENE DUPLICATION CONTRIBUTES TO IMMUNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN BOTTLENECKED POPULATIONS OF INTRODUCED RAINWATER KILLIFISH Danielle Nicole Desmet San Francisco, California 2015 Population bottlenecks, and subsequent loss of genetic diversity, are a common occurrence for introduced species. The MHC Class IIDB locus must constantly adapt to detect shifting pathogen communities and is used in this study to assess functional diversity in 2 regions with introduced populations of Rainwater killifish, Lucania parva. L. parva was likely introduced to San Francisco Bay from the Pecos River, New Mexico through a series of sport fish stockings to southern then northern California during the 1940’s and 1950’s. Demographic patterns of San Francisco and New Mexico populations were assessed using microsatellite, D-loop and MHCIIDB diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Clark Fessler BIS Paper
    UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Recontextualizing the behavioral immune system within psychoneuroimmunology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6s57p910 Authors Clark, Jason A. Fessler, Daniel M.T. Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Recontextualizing the Behavioral Immune System Jason A. Clark Daniel M.T. Fessler Recontextualizing the Behavioral Immune System within Psychoneuroimmunology (Paper accepted For publication in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences) Introduction The concept oF the behavioral immune system (BIS) picks out an important set oF phenomena, viz., the relationships between the immune system and psychological mechanisms that manage the threat oF disease, and research using the concept makes valuable and novel contributions to the larger Field. However, our enthusiasm is tempered by the recognition that (a) there are ambiguities in the BIS concept and it has been used in a variety oF (sometimes inconsistent) ways, (b) some oF phenomena it has identiFied are already well characterized in other disciplines that have received inadequate attention by BIS researchers, and that (c) these disciplines oFFer a broader theoretical contextualization oF these phenomena. We argue that the BIS should be recontextualized within and integrated with such research programs. More speciFically, we believe that the BIS should be set within the Framework of psychoneuroimmunology. While neuroimmunology encompasses both peripheral and central nervous systems, and psychoimmunology Focuses on the interactions between speciFically psychological variables and immune Function, psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) highlights the contributions oF the central 1 Recontextualizing the Behavioral Immune System nervous system, and the ways in which the brain mediates interactions between psychology and the immune system.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 60, Number 3, Pp
    Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, volume 60, number 3, pp. 732–741 doi:10.1093/icb/icaa098 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology SYMPOSIUM Methodological Considerations for Assessing Immune Defense in Reproductive Females Chloe C. Josefson ,*,†,1 Sarah Zohdy‡ and Wendy R. Hood† Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/60/3/732/5894975 by Auburn University user on 30 April 2021 *Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; †Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; ‡School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA From the symposium “Reproduction: the female perspective from an integrative and comparative framework” presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–7, 2020 at Austin, Texas. 1E-mail: [email protected] Synopsis One of the key foci of ecoimmunology is understanding the physiological interactions between reproduction and immune defense. To assess an immune challenge, investigators typically measure an immune response at a pre- determined time point that was selected to represent a peak response. These time points often are based on the immunological responses of nonreproductive males. Problematically, these peaks have been applied to studies quanti- fying immune responses of females during reproduction, despite the fact that nonreproductive males and reproductive females display fundamentally different patterns of energy expenditure. Previous work within pharmacological research has reported that the response to the commonly-used antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) varies among indi- viduals and between females and males. In this heuristic analysis, we characterize antibody responses to KLH in females with varying reproductive demands (nonreproductive, lactating, concurrently lactating, and pregnant).
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH ARTICLE Immune Response to an Endotoxin Challenge Involves Multiple Immune Parameters and Is Consistent Among the Annua
    2573 The Journal of Experimental Biology 216, 2573-2580 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi:10.1242/jeb.083147 RESEARCH ARTICLE Immune response to an endotoxin challenge involves multiple immune parameters and is consistent among the annual-cycle stages of a free-living temperate zone bird Arne Hegemann1,*, Kevin D. Matson1, Maaike A. Versteegh1, Auxiliadora Villegas2 and B. Irene Tieleman1 1Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands and 2Conservation Biology Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avenida Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) SUMMARY Trade-offs between immune function and other physiological and behavioural processes are central in ecoimmunology, but one important problem is how to distinguish a reallocation of resources away from the immune system from a reallocation or redistribution within the immune system. While variation in baseline values of individual immune parameters is well established, studies in wild animals on multiple parameters during an immune response are lacking. It also remains to be tested whether and how immune responses correlate with baseline values that vary, for example, over the course of an annual cycle. We studied immunological responses to an endotoxin challenge in skylarks (Alauda arvensis), a partial migrant bird breeding in temperate zones. We compared birds injected with the endotoxin LPS with un-injected controls, characterizing immunological responses with leukocyte profiles, titres of lytic enzymes and natural antibodies, and concentrations of haptoglobin and heat shock proteins. We did this in five annual-cycle stages to test whether the response varied throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Demonstration of a Parasiteinduced Immune Response
    Experimental demonstration of a parasite-induced immune response in wild birds: Darwin’s finches and introduced nest flies Jennifer A. H. Koop1, Jeb P. Owen2, Sarah A. Knutie1, Maria A. Aguilar1 & Dale H. Clayton1 1Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 2Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 Keywords Abstract Antibody, defense, ecoimmunology, Geospiza fortis, invasive species, Philornis Ecological immunology aims to explain variation among hosts in the strength downsi. and efficacy of immunological defenses. However, a shortcoming has been the failure to link host immune responses to actual parasites under natural condi- Correspondence tions. Here, we present one of the first experimental demonstrations of a parasite- Jennifer A. H. Koop, Department of Biology, induced immune response in a wild bird population. The recently introduced University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. ectoparasitic nest fly Philornis downsi severely impacts the fitness of Darwin’s Tel: +1 (520) 626-9315; Fax: +1 (520) 621- finches and other land birds in the Galapagos Islands. An earlier study showed 9190; E-mail: [email protected] that female medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) had P. downsi-binding Present address antibodies correlating with presumed variation in fly exposure over time. In the Jennifer A. H. Koop Ecology and Evolutionary current study, we experimentally manipulated fly abundance to test whether the Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona fly does, in fact, cause changes in antibody levels. We manipulated P. downsi 85721 abundance in nests and quantified P. downsi-binding antibody levels of medium ground finch mothers, fathers, and nestlings.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Consequences of Flavivirus Infection in the Collared Flycatcher Tanja M
    Strand et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18:13 DOI 10.1186/s12862-018-1121-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Breeding consequences of flavivirus infection in the collared flycatcher Tanja M. Strand1,4*, Åke Lundkvist1, Björn Olsen2 and Lars Gustafsson1,3 Abstract Background: The breeding consequences of virus infections have rarely been studied in avian natural breeding populations. In this paper we investigated the links between humoral immunity following a natural flavivirus infection and reproduction in a wild bird population of collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). We analyzed plasma from 744 birds for antibodies and correlated these results to a number of reproductive components. Results: Nearly one third (27.8%) of the sampled collared flycatchers were found seropositive for flavivirus. Males had significantly more frequently flavivirus antibodies (32.3%) than females (25.1%). Seropositive females differed significantly from seronegative females in four traits: they had earlier lay date, higher body weight, higher survival rate and were older than seronegative females. The females did not differ in clutch size, number of fledged young or number of recruited young. Seropositive males had female partners with earlier lay date, i.e. the males bred earlier and they also produced more fledged young than seronegative males. In contrast, the males did not differ in clutch size, number of recruited young, male weight, age or survival. Interestingly, seropositive males had larger ornament, forehead badge size, than seronegative males. Conclusions: Collared flycatchers with an antibody response against flavivirus were more successful than birds with no antibody response, for any of the measured life history traits. The positive link between flavivirus antibody presence and life-history trait levels suggest that it is condition dependent in the collared flycatcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Immune Evasion, Immunopathology and the Regulation of the Immune System
    Immune evasion, immunopathology and the regulation of the immune system. Gabriele Sorci, Stéphane Cornet, Bruno Faivre To cite this version: Gabriele Sorci, Stéphane Cornet, Bruno Faivre. Immune evasion, immunopathology and the regulation of the immune system.. Pathogens, MDPI, 2013, 2 (1), pp.71-91. 10.3390/pathogens2010071. hal- 01118543 HAL Id: hal-01118543 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118543 Submitted on 27 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Pathogens 2013, 2, 71-91; doi:10.3390/pathogens2010071 OPEN ACCESS pathogens ISSN 2076-0817 www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens Review Immune Evasion, Immunopathology and the Regulation of the Immune System Gabriele Sorci 1,*, Stéphane Cornet 2,3 and Bruno Faivre 1 1 Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; E-Mail: [email protected] (B.F.) 2 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR CNRS 5290-IRD 224-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33 (0)3 80 39 90 28; Fax: +33 (0)3 80 39 62 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Developmental Exposures Shape Trade-Offs Between Acquired and Innate Immunity in Humans
    256 original research Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health [2016] pp. 256–269 article doi:10.1093/emph/eow022 Early developmental exposures shape trade-offs between acquired and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/emph/article/2016/1/256/2802679 by guest on 29 September 2021 innate immunity in humans Alexander V. Georgiev,* Christopher W. Kuzawa and Thomas W. McDade Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA *Correspondence address. Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Tel: 8474915402; Fax: 8474871778; E-mail: [email protected] Received 02 March 2016; revised version accepted 22 July 2016 ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Life history theory predicts resource allocation trade-offs between competing functions and processes. We test the hypothesis that relative investment towards innate versus acquired immunity in humans is subject to such trade-offs and that three types of early devel- opmental exposures are particularly salient in shaping adult immunophenotype: (i) pathogen exposure, (ii) nutritional resources; and (iii) extrinsic mortality cues. Methodology: We quantified one aspect each of innate and acquired immune function, via C-reactive protein and Epstein–Barr virus antibodies, respectively, in a sample of 1248 men and women from the Philippines (ca. 21.5 years old). Early developmental exposures were assessed via long-term data col- lected prospectively since participants’ birth (1983–4). We calculated a standardized ratio to assess relative bias towards acquired versus innate immune function and examined its relationship to a suite of predictors via multiple regression. Results: In partial support of our predictions, some of the measures of higher pathogen exposure, greater availability of nutritional resources, and lower extrinsic mortality cues in early life were associated with a bias toward acquired immunity in both men and women.
    [Show full text]
  • Hantavirus Immunology of Rodent Reservoirs: Current Status and Future Directions
    Viruses 2014, 6, 1317-1335; doi:10.3390/v6031317 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review Hantavirus Immunology of Rodent Reservoirs: Current Status and Future Directions Tony Schountz 1,* and Joseph Prescott 2 1 Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA 2 Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-970-491-7350; Fax: +1-970-491-8326. Received: 10 January 2014; in revised form: 19 February 2014 / Accepted: 24 February 2014 / Published: 14 March 2014 Abstract: Hantaviruses are hosted by rodents, insectivores and bats. Several rodent-borne hantaviruses cause two diseases that share many features in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. It is thought that the immune response plays a significant contributory role in these diseases. However, in reservoir hosts that have been closely examined, little or no pathology occurs and infection is persistent despite evidence of adaptive immune responses. Because most hantavirus reservoirs are not model organisms, it is difficult to conduct meaningful experiments that might shed light on how the viruses evade sterilizing immune responses and why immunopathology does not occur. Despite these limitations, recent advances in instrumentation and bioinformatics will have a dramatic impact on understanding reservoir host responses to hantaviruses by employing a systems biology approach to identify important pathways that mediate virus/reservoir relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Drivers and Consequences of Spatial Patterns in Wildlife Immune Defence
    Received: 22 March 2019 | Accepted: 6 November 2019 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13166 REVIEW Macroimmunology: The drivers and consequences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence Daniel J. Becker1,2 | Gregory F. Albery3 | Maureen K. Kessler4 | Tamika J. Lunn5 | Caylee A. Falvo6 | Gábor Á. Czirják7 | Lynn B. Martin8 | Raina K. Plowright6 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; 3Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; 4Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; 5Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; 7Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany and 8Department of Global and Planetary Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Correspondence Daniel J. Becker Abstract Email: [email protected] 1. The prevalence and intensity of parasites in wild hosts varies across space and is Funding information a key determinant of infection risk in humans, domestic animals and threatened National Science Foundation, Grant/Award wildlife. Because the immune system serves as the primary barrier to infection, Number: DEB-1716698, IOS-1257773 and IOS-1656618; Defense Advanced Research replication and transmission following exposure, we here consider the environ- Projects Agency, Grant/Award Number:
    [Show full text]