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Tren Flat Design Dalam User Interface Sistem Operasi Komputer Dan Smartphone

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Tren Flat Design Dalam User Interface Sistem Operasi Komputer Dan Smartphone TEROB VOLUME I NOMOR 1 OKTOBER 2016 TREN FLAT DESIGN DALAM USER INTERFACE SISTEM OPERASI KOMPUTER DAN SMARTPHONE Deka Pratama Satya Alam Abstrak Tren Flat Design Dalam User Interface Sistem Operasi.User Interface (dalam KBBI disebut Antarmuka Pengguna) merupakan elemen penting yang “menjembatani” antara sistem operasi dengan pengguna sehingga suatu perangkat dapat berfungsi dan berguna secara mak- simal. Bahasa Desain Komunikasi Visual sangat berperan penting sebagai “struktur utama” dan “pondasi” jembatan sehingga informasi yang hendak ditransformasikan dari sistem operasi disampaikan dengan baik ke pengguna. Dalam tiga tahun terakhir, perusahan komputasi terbe- sar seperti Apple, Google dan Microsoft memiliki tren flat design untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam user interface mereka. Flat design jauh berbeda dengan dengan tren desain user interface sebe- lumnya karena gaya desain ini membentuk kesan bersih, minimalis, sederhana, dengan mem- buang segala bentuk efek bayangan, gradasi, tekstur dan efek desain rumit lainnya. Secara tak langsung maupun langsung, tren gaya desain user interface ketiga rasaksa komputasi tersebut mempengaruhi penerapan desain karya dan produk secara global. Kata kunci : tren, flat design, user interface, desain komunikasi visual. Abstract Flat Design Trend in User Interface of Operating Systems. User Interface is an im- portant element that “bridge” between operating system with user so that a device can fully worked and useful. The language of Visual Communication Design plays an important role as “the main bridge structure” and foundation so the information is about to be transformed from the operating system delivered well to the user. In the past three years, the largest computer companies such as Apple, Google and Microsoft have a flat design trend to be applied to the user interface. Flat design is much different from the previous trend of user interface design for the style of this design form the impression of a clean, minimalist, simple, and renouncing all forms of shadow effects, gradations, textures effects and other design effects. Indirectly or directly, user interface design trend of that all three biggest computer companies influences the implementation of the art works and product designs globally. Keywords: trend, flat design, user interface, visual communication design. Pendahuluan gi. Revolusi teknologi tentunya harus bersifat Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu determinisme, artinya perubahan yang terjadi pesat dalam satu dekade terakhir membuat in- dalam perkembangan teknologi sejak zaman dustri komputer khususnya mencapai lompatan dahulu sampai saat ini memberikan pengaruh besar dalam sebuah langkah revolusi teknolo- yang besar terhadap masyarakat (Sally Wyatt, 35 TEROB VOLUME I NOMOR 1 OKTOBER 2016 2008: 168-169). Dengan sifat dan kegunan gaimana perkembangan tren flat design dalam tersebut, secara langsung maupun tidak lang- user interfacedalam sistem operasi terpopuler sung manusia sangat membutuhkan teknologi saat ini. Fokus pembahasan adalah mengenai untuk membantu kegiatan sehari-hari. Salah pengertian flat design serta perkembangannya satu elemen penting yang membuat berbagai dalam lingkup user interface. Tujuannya ada- macam teknologi tersebut memiliki kegunaan lah untuk mengetahui lebih dalam tentang flat dan berfungsi secara optimal adalah “Desain designserta menganalisis perkembangan tren User Interface(Antarmuka Pengguna)”. Bisa flat design dalam user interface sistem opera- dibayangkan jika tanpa desain user interface si. Manfaatnya adalah untuk menambah ilmu yang baik, maka informasi yang ditransfor- tentang flat design dan pengetahuan menge- masikan antara suatu perangkat dengan peng- nai perkembangan flat design dalam dunia gunanya akan gagal tersampaikan. user interface secara khusus, dan Desain Ko- Gaya desain dalam user interface munikasi Visual secara umum. dalam tiga tahun terakhir sendiri mengalami Pembahasan perombakan masif dan memasuki tren era User Interface baru dalam dunia desain. Gaya flat design User Interface atau dalam KBBI dis- yang diaplikasikan oleh beberapa perusahaan ebut sebagai Antarmuka Pengguna merupa- teknologi ternama mendominasi gaya desain kan mekanisme komunikasi antara pengguna user interface dan tentu saja hal ini berdampak (user) dengan sistem. Komunikasi tersebut secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terh- berupa interaksi input dan output. Input seba- adap industri desain grafis secara umum dan gai perintah yang dikirimkan pengguna agar Desain Komunikasi Visual secara khusus. sistem melakukan sesuatu sesuai perintah, Meski begitu, masing-masing perusahaan lalu output merupakan efek dari perintah yang teknologi yang mempercayakan pada ahli de- dikirimkan pengguna (Satzinger, 2010: 530). sainnya memiliki ciri khas gaya masing-mas- Desain memiliki peran penting dalam ing dalam karya desain user interface-nya. user interface, karena desain memberikan Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah dampak kemudahan kepada pengguna untuk diuraikan, jurnal ini akan menguraikan ba- 36 TEROB VOLUME I NOMOR 1 OKTOBER 2016 mengoperasikan sebuah sistem. Desain dalam dengan desain sesederhana mungkin, serapi user interface akan menampilkan penjelasan mungkin, dan tampak sangat jelas pesan apa sistem dan memberikan panduan pengopera- yang hendak dikomunikasikan. Dengan ber- sian sistem secara menyeluruh dan bertahap bagai sifat di atas, tampak bahwa flat design sehingga user dapat mengerti apa yang dilaku- merupakan gaya design yang efisien, menarik, kan terhadap sebuah sistem. Semakin baik de- rapi, cepat untuk dipahami dan relevan untuk sain user interface, semakin mudah pengguna waktu yang cukup lama.(Jerry Cao, 2015: 14- untuk mengoperasikan sebuah sistem. Dalam 15) perkembangannya, Desain user interface kini memasuki era gaya desain“Flat Design” Apa itu Flat Design? Flat design merupakan istilah yang diberikan untuk gaya desain yang menonjolkan aspek pendekatan karakter Capture 1. Contoh Flat Design yang diaplikasi- kan Microsoft ke dalam Windows 8 minimalism(kesederhanaan), usefulness (keg- unaan), cleanliness(kerapian). Dalam istilah Sejarah Flat Design awam, gaya desain ini menghilangkan kara- Flat design berasal dari gaya Swiss kter gaya efek seperti drop shadows (bayan- Design yang diperkenalkan mulai tahun 1940 gan), gradients (gradasi warna), textures (tek- sampai 1950-an di Swiss. Swiss Design ber- stur), dan semua efek lain yang menampakkan fokus pada penggunaan grid, tipografi ‘Sans- bahwa desain yang hendak dikomunikasikan Serif’, hirarki konten yang bersih dan tata le- diberi kesan mirip dengan warna, bentuk, cor- tak. Selama era 1940 sampai 1950-an, desain ak benda aslinya. Selain itu, flat design lebih Swiss mengkombinasikan sebuah gambar be- tampak sederhana dengan efek dua dimensi sar namun ditampilkan secara sederhana den- yang tampak seolah layer demi layer (lapisan) gan tipografi minimalis. mengangkat dari halaman dan masing-mas- ing elemen mempunyai warna yang kontras 37 TEROB VOLUME I NOMOR 1 OKTOBER 2016 gat sederhana dan tidak ada variasi sama seka- li. Baru pada tahun 2012, Microsoft kembali mengadopsi gaya desain Flat Design untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam user interface sistem operasinya yaitu Windows 8. Gambar 1. Contoh Swiss Style yang merupakan cikal bakal Flat Design (Sumber : http://www.designishistory.com/home/ swiss/) Seiring berkembangnya jaman,Swiss Gambar 2. Contoh poster bergaya Flat Design Style mulai dikembangkan sampai pada akh- pada tahun 1980 irnya pada tahun 1980-an Flat Design mulai (Sumber : http://www.designishistory.com/home/ muncul.Flat Design pada kala itu masih san- swiss/) 38 TEROB VOLUME I NOMOR 1 OKTOBER 2016 Elemen Desain pada Flat Design tema yang digunakan dalam desain sangat Secara garis besar ada empat ele- membantu sekali dalam membentuk flat de- men desain mendasar dalam flat design, sign yang efektif. yaituIlustrasi,Warna, Tipografidan Tata Le- Warna yang digunakan dalam flat de- tak. sign juga lebih spesifik karena dalam pengap- a. Ilustrasi likasiannya (khususnya dalam user interface) Ilustrasi adalah seni gambar yang di- paduan warna tidak lebih dari tiga kombinasi. manfaatkan untuk memberi penjelasan atau Hal ini dimaksudkan agar tampilan user in- menyampaikan pesan secara visual. Ilustrasi terfacelebih mudah dan lebih jelas untuk di- dalam gaya desain flat design lebih menon- operasikan.Warna yang digunakan cenderung jolkan kaidah minimalis, fungsional, dan datar, menggunakan solid color dengan pe- menghindari hal-hal yang bersifat rumit un- warnaan blocking, menggunakan warna yang tuk dipahami. sama dengan saturasi yang berbeda untuk menciptakan kontras yang halus antar gam- Dalam user interface sendiri, ilustrasi bar, teks, dan latar belakang. berperan penting untuk mengkomunikasikan fungsi yang lebih spesifik dari sebuah sys- c. Tata Letak tem perangkat tertentu agar dengan mudah Tata letak dalam gaya Flat design juga dipahami oleh penggunanya. Maka dari itu, memegang peranan penting untuk memutus- ilustrasi erat hubungannya dengan ilmu semi- kan berhasil tidaknya hasil desain. Tata letak otika. bukan sebatas menata letak material-material (content) suatu elemen,melainkan bagaimana b. Warna mengorganisasikan ruang. Masing-masing Sama halnya dengan Ilustrasi, peran ruang memiliki elemen yang berbeda. warna dalam gaya Flat design sangat penting Terdapat beberapa prinsip dalam sekali karena berbagai penyederhanaan yang menghasilkan tata letak yang baik, yaitu (a) dilakukan sehingga diperlukan warna-warna Proporsi, kesesuaian antara ukuran halaman yang menonjol untuk memperindah tampilan.
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