DamDam--breakbreak EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning inin .Portugal. TheThe rolerole ofof thethe NationalNational ServiceService forfor CivilCivil ProtectionProtection

Seinäjoki, 1-5 October 2000

FernandaFernanda RochaRocha

Serviço Nacional de Protecção Civil Av. do Forte em Carnaxide 2799-512 Carnaxide Portugal Email: [email protected]

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 1 PortuguesePortuguese backgroundbackground

More than 1000 dams in Portugal » 140 large dams, and » > 800 medium size

Large dams owners » Electricity of Portugal » Water Authority

No legislation on dam safety until 1990

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 2 PortuguesePortuguese backgroundbackground

RSB, 90 - Regulation on dam safety » dam-break flood analysis, and » emergency planning

NPB, 93 - Guidelines for dam design » evaluation of inundation areas NOIB,93 - Guidelines for dam observation and inspection » warning in case of earthquakes, floods, and dam abnormal behaviour

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 3 CriteriaCriteria forfor damdam safetysafety applicationapplication

RSB,RSB, 19901990

> 100 000 m3 H > 15 m, or > 15 m V > 100 000 m3

Special other cases may be considered, if potential risk exist.

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 4 RoleRole ofof SNPCSNPC

ToTo assureassure thethe EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

RescueRescue andand reliefrelief actionsactions coordinationcoordination

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 5 InternalInternal andand ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

Dam’ owner Civil Protection

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 6 InternalInternal andand ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning INTERACTIONINTERACTION

DefinitionDefinition ofof alertalert levelslevels

AlertAlert andand warningwarning systemssystems

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 7 AlertAlert levelslevels

ALERT SITUATION Dam Civil Others LEVEL Owner Protection …

Normal

Dam break

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 8 AlertAlert levelslevels

ALERT Situation DAM Manager Entity LEVEL ACTIONS

Normal or routine situation, or MEASURES to solve problem. Detection of anomalies in the dam, or other events: that do not compromise the structural dam ALERT: safety, - Authority (INAG) nor its operational elements, and -Dam owner do not make unviable the dam observation Blue system.

The gravity of existing problems must let belief that no consequences are expected in the valley downstream the dam.

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 9 AlertAlert levelslevels

ALERT Situation DAM Manager Entity LEVEL ACTIONS

Existence of anomalies or events that MEASURES to solve might compromise up to some degree problem. the structural and/or operational dam safety or the dam observation system, assuming that ALERT: eventual small consequences downstream the - Authority (INAG) dam can happen: -Dam owner 1. Existence of meteorological adverse conditions; - Civil Protection 2. Detection of anomalies in:

YELLOW - dam structural elements, or; - dam operational elements, or; - dam observation system; 3. Existence of foundations problems.

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 10 AlertAlert levelslevels

ALERT Situation DAM Manager Entity LEVEL ACTIONS

Situation with high probability of dam failure, MEASURES to solve letting belief it might not be possible to control problem. the situation, what might cause serious consequences downstream the dam: ALERT: - Authority (INAG) 1. Detection of severe anomalies in: -Dam owner - dam structural elements, or; - Civil Protection - dam operational elements; WARNING:

ORANGE 2. Existence of severe foundations problems; Population downstream 3. Occurrence of floods with high recurrence the dam interval. to be ready for evacuation

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 11 AlertAlert levelslevels

ALERT Situation DAM Manager Entity LEVEL ACTIONS

Situation of inevitable catastrophe: ALERT: - Authority (INAG) -Dam owner 1. Imminence of dam failure; - Civil Protection

2. Dam failure. WARNING: Population downstream

RED the dam to evacuate quickly

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 12 InternalInternal andand ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

Rapid warning

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 13 WarningWarning systemsystem

99% of the casualties usually occur in the first 15 km

Guilhofrei Travel time to villages downstream the dam Andorinhas Varos a Crestuma-Lever 150 Freigil Torrão-Crestuma 135 Torrão-Carrapatelo 120 Ranhados Azibo 105 Alijó 90 Alto Ceira Apartadura 75 Marateca 60 Meim oa Maranhão

Time (minutes) 45 Alvito 30 Fonte Cerne 15 Campilhas Vale do Gaio 0 Pego do Altar 0 102030405060Monte da Rocha Distance to the dam (km) Roxo { } Dmin = min D (T = 90 min); D = 30 km

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 14 EmergencyEmergency planningplanning mainmain actionsactions

Detection

Decision making Internal Emergency Plan (PEI) Alert Warning

External Emergency Plan (PEE)

Evacuation

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 15 EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

PROJECT:PROJECT: Dam brake flood risk management (NATO PO-FLOOD risk management)

Portugal, Algarve

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 16 KeyKey pointspoints forfor emergencyemergency planningplanning

InundationInundation mapsmaps – Dam’ owners - PEI » dam-break flood simulations; » flash floods, abrupt waves and numerical models RiskRisk zoningzoning criteriacriteria » water levels » velocities » times of flood arrival ValleyValley vulnerabilityvulnerability criteriacriteria » land use » social and » economical characterizations

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 17 EEPEEP -- DownstreamDownstream zoningzoning criteriacriteria

Valley vulnerability indicators

Physical vulnerability of the buildings » number of stages, construction materials, age Social vulnerability of the population » age, % of elderly people and children » existence of support infra-structures like hospitals and health centres Economical vulnerability of the valley » land use » Activities » % of illiteracy and of unemployment Vulnerability of preparation of population & agencies » existence of an revised emergency plan and training

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 18 ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

ACTINGACTING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Permanent situations surveillance

Articulation with: Special National and District Plans for Flood management

Meteorological Institute Water Institute Dam’s Manager Institutions Civil Protection Agents

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 19 ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

Means and resources allocation » for each vulnerable zone Actions of entities involved in crises management » Water Authority (Water Institute – Ministry of Environment) » Meteorological Institute » National Service for Civil Protection » Dam Safety Commission » Dam-owner Actions of entities involved in emergency » National Service for Civil Protection » All Civil Protection Agents » Municipalities Type of evacuation » by own people means » help of civil protection agents

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 20 InformationInformation SystemSystem

DamInfoDamInfo

PLANO DE EMERGÊNCIA NIVEL 3 BARRAGEM DO ARADE

Lista de procedimentos

SIPROCSIPROC

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 21 ExternalExternal EmergencyEmergency PlanningPlanning

Barragem do Funcho FunchoFuncho andand AradeArade EEPEEP Barragem do Arade

ZONA 1 área rural ÁREA DE SEGURANÇA IMEDIATA

ZONA 2 área urbana da cidade de SILVES Model, or example for all other dam’ emergency plans ZONA 3 área rural

ZONA 4 área urbana da cidade de PORTIMÃO

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 22 ConclusionsConclusions

Legislation requirements have not been achieved yet (5 years)

Believe that in the next two or three years,years all dams covered by the legislation will dispose of internal and external emergency plans, with proper alert and warning systems, in compliance with the legislation.

International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 23 ENDEND

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International Seminar/Workshop on the RESCDAM Project Risk assessment - dam break flood analysis – emergency action planning 24