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CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 12 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202

Drainage pattern Studies of the area around -Tilwara in . Pramod Kumar Anthwal and Divya Parasar Department of Geology, OPJS University, Churu Rajasthan [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

This paper deals with drainage pattern studies of the area around Rudraprayag- Tilwara in Garhwal Himalaya IN Uttrakhand The area under the present study covers approximately 100 sq. Kms. between, Latitude 30°17'N to 30°24'N and 78°51'E to 79°10'13” .The water divide between the Alaknanda and the Mandani rivers, forms the boundary of the area from Rudraprayag to near Mayali in the west and from Rudraprayag to near Rampur in the east. Mayali marks the north western limit and Rar Village the north north western limit of the studied area. From Rar boundary follow the waer divide of the laster Gad to around Jakhnoli Village, from where it swings towards Rampur. The entire area falls in the catchments of the lower Mandakni River. Rudraprayag is aproximately 380 Kilometers northeast of New Delhi. It is connected to Rishikesh by (U.K.) State Highway NH-58. Rishikesh is the nearest railhead. The other railhead is at Kotdwar. Rudraprayag Lies on the ancient Pilgrims route to and . From Rudraprayag there is a bifurcation for Kedanath and Badrinath. Tilwara may be approached either from Rudraprayag or from Tehri via Ghansali. There is a Helipad at Gauchar, which is 24 kms east of Rudraprayag. The Nearest aerodrome is at Jolygrant near Deheradun. The Two Famous temples of Mathayana khal and Rudraprayag (Rudranath) situated in the studied area, attract thousands of pilgrims each year

Key words:-

Morphometric analysis, Bifurcation ratio, Basin geometric parameter.

Introduction:

Rudraprayag district which was a part of district Chamoli and Pauri districts before 18 September 1997, was separately created by including Okhimath Tehsil, Jakholi Sub-Tehsil from Tehri district and Bacchansyon and Dhanpur patti of Srinagar Tehsil of Pauri district 0 covering an area of about 2439 sq. km lies between latitude 30 19'00" and 0 0 0 30 49' North and longitude 78 49' and 79 21'13" East, falling in surveys of Toposheet Nos. 53J and 53N. The district is bounded by Uttarkashi in the north, Chamoli in the east, Tehri Garhwal in the west and Pauri Garhwal on the south.

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The district with its head quarter at Rudraprayag town comprises of three tehsils viz. Okhimath, Rudraprayag and Jakholi and three development blocks viz. Okhimath, Augustmuni and Jakholi. It is approachable from Rishikesh and Dehradun through motorable metalled road. Rail links are not available in the district. The district has network of roads of 1372 kms which connects its major towns to its head quarter. The only national highway is from Rishikesh to Badrinath, which runs parallel to river Ganga and Alaknanda. The road bifurcates from Rudraprayag and goes up to all along river Mandakini. Pathways, Katccha road and tracks play an important role in providing movement facility and communication in the difficult hilly terrain of rural area of the district. The administrative map showing drainage of District Rudraprayag is given in Fig. 1.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The agricultural activities are restricted to river terraces, gentle hill slopes and intermontane valleys. The major crops are rice, wheat, maize, jhangora, mandua, potato, pulses, millets and seasonal vegetables etc. The net sown area, in the district, is 114.30 sq. km. and area sown more than once is 191.10 sq. km. The gross sown area is 305.40 sq. km.

The sources of are springs, gad, gadheras and rivers. The spring water, which, flows through the gads and gadheras, is diverted to small canals and guls by the minor irrigation department. In areas where sources, for minor irrigation, aren’t available lift irrigation like hydrums are in practice. The total irrigated area, in the district, is 44.13 sq. km. The details of the blocks are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Details of the developmental blocks and tehsils, District Rudraprayag.

Study Area:-

The study area located between latitude 30°17' and 30° 24' North and longitude 78° 51' and 79°10' 13" East and covering an area of about 100 sq. km. Mandakini is the major of upper basin. The altitude Of Mandakini River catchment extends from 670 to 6000 m amsl. The Mandakini River takes its emergence as Dudhganga from Chaurabari and makes its confluence with Basuki Ganga at Sonprayag. Besides this, there are numerous small

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CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 12 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 joining the river. The Mandakini River flows from greater Himalaya towards to Southern and meets the river Alaknanda in Rudraprayag.

Location of the Study Area on Map:

Drainage pattern of the studied area :

The drainace system forms part of the lower Mandakini river basin, Many tributaries {locally called ‘Gad's) are contributing water to the river, Mandakini, directly or indirectly through larger tributaries, of these, the main tributaries are:

(i) The Chadtoli Gad, (ii) the marlyali Gad and (iii) the Helaun gad and Lastar Gad river systems. The water divide, between the Mandakini river and the Bhilangana /Alaknanda rivers lies in the west and that between the Mandskini and Alaknanda rivers lies in the east. It also forms the boundary of the studied area. Near Rudraprayag, this water divide 1ies between an altitude of about 300 mts. and 1600 mts above sea level. Towards north-west, it rises to attain an altitude of about 2200 mts. S.W. of Mayalli .

The tributary rivers rise at altitude ranging between 1600 mts and 2120mts. (Table 6.4). These have given rise to 1 fifth order, 4 fourth order, 13 third order, 95 second order and 498 first order streams, marked on ba of the system proposed by Horten and modified after strahler (as cited by Doornkamp and King,1971). These rivers have played a dominant role in sculpturing the unique landscape of diversified geomorphie features like narrow steps of alluvial rock benches, ingrown meanders and flat topped spurs.

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Methodology:-

Table 6.1

Showing morphometric and related variable

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Results:

Table 6.2

Measured Morphometric variables

Number of ordered streams

Basin No.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. 41 31 9 9.3 2.15 1.8 4.0 3.3 1.0

1 2. 43 32 0 13.0 3.72 2.0 5.0 3.7 2.6

3. 30 24 5 8.8 2.68 2.0 5.1 4.1 2.1

1 4. 61 50 0 17.5 4.83 3.0 6.5 5.3 2.5

5. 23 18 4 8.3 2.15 1.8 4.5 3.0 2.8

6. 20 16 3 5.5 1.75 1.5 3.5 3.0 1.2

7. 8 5 2 2.0 0.67 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.8

8. 25 20 4 7.0 2.02 2.0 4.4 2.7 2.1

9. 13 9 3 4.5 1.48 1.3 3.5 2.5 1.5

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10. 10 6 3 2.5 0.94 1.0 2.6 2.2 0.8

11. 7 4 2 1.5 0.67 0.6 1.8 1.5 0.8

12. 13 10 2 4.2 1.66 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.5

13. 10 7 2 2.8 0.81 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.0

30 23 5 86. 25.5 19. 46. 36. 21. Total 4 2 9 9 3 5 8 4 5

AVERAGE 23.39/13 17.8 4.5 6.7 1.96 1.5 1.5 2.8 1.7

Table 6.4

Basin Z (18) Z (19) H (20) Lp (21) Ls (22) S/P ratio Shape of Basin (24)

1 600 1680 1180 2.0 7.3 3.7 Elongated

2 660 1870 1210 4.0 11.0 2.8 Triangular

3 640 1800 1160 3.0 5.8 1.9 Elongated

4 650 2000 1350 6.1 11.4 1.9 Elongated

5 940 1960 1020 4.1 4.2 1.0 Sub- Rectangular

6 950 1920 970 0.9 4.6 5.1 Irregular

7 880 1600 720 0.2 1.8 9.0 Semi-oval

8 1110 2120 1010 3.0 4.0 1.3 Elongated

9 920 2000 1080 1.5 3.0 2.0 Sub- Triangular

10 835 1720 885 0.4 2.1 5.3 Elongated

11 1200 1920 720 0.4 1.1 2.8 Elongated

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12 870 1765 895 0.5 3.7 7.4 Triangular

13 980 1920 940 2.1 0.7 0.3 Elongated

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11. Schumm, S.A (1963), Sinuosity of Alluvial Rivers on the Great Plains, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 74, pp 1089-1100.

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21. Kishor Kumar, Rahul Devrani, Anil Kathait, Neha Aggarwal, 2012, Micro-hazard evaluation and validation of landslide in a part of north western Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, India, International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences.

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23 R. Anbalagan*, Atul Kohli and D. Chakraborty, 2015, Geotechnical evaluation of Harmony landslide on Karnaprayag–Gwaldam road, Uttarakhand Himalaya, PP 1613-1614.

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26-Sumana Chakraborty, 2008, Spatio-temporal landslide hazard analysis along a road corridor based on historical information: A case study from Uttarakhand India, Indian Institute of Remote sensing (NRSA).

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