Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03354-2 - Austral Ark: the State of Wildlife in Australia and New Zealand Edited by Adam Stow, Norman Maclean and Gregory I

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03354-2 - Austral Ark: The State of Wildlife in Australia and New Zealand Edited by Adam Stow, Norman Maclean and Gregory I. Holwell Index More information

INDEX

1080 poison baiting, 366 antibiotics, v, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196 Acacia,10 apex predators, 468, 470, 471, 488 Acacia aneura, 546 Apis mellifera, 52, 174, 179, 266, 290, 292, 427 Acacia saligna, 113, 114, 129 Apteryx, 27, 49, 57, 61, 62, 144, 213, 223, 407, Acanthisitta chloris, 414, 419 411, 420 Acanthisittidae, 27, 36 aquifer, 512 Acanthophis pyrrhus, 547 Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, 138, 147, 151, Acclimatisation Societies, 34 154 Acid frogs, 442, 451, 452, 462 Ardeotis australis, 204 Acinetobacter, 191, 193 Argentine ant, 39, 169, 172, 177, 183, 184 Acizzia keithi, 280, 296 aridiﬁcation, 262, 494, 495, 497 Acridotheres tristis, 201, 213, 220, 221, 223 aridity, 4, 10, 11, 12, 26, 263, 277, 301, 318, 370, Acritoscincus duperreyi, 70, 73 436, 497, 516, 519, 520, 521 Acropora millepora,73 Aristolochia elegans, 283 Acroptilon repens, 249 Arripis,52 Aedes notoscriptus,56 Asparagus, 107, 110, 121, 125, 132, 145 African big headed ant, 172 Asparagus asparagoides, 110, 125, 132 African boxthorn, 117 asparagus fern, 109 African olive, 116, 117, 118, 127 Atherinidae, 493

Agapanthus, 112 atmospheric CO2 concentrations, 483 Agapanthus praecox, 112 Atrichornis clamosus, 426, 548, 558 Agathis, 30, 41, 152, 204, 241, 250, 256, 258 Balaenoptera musculus, 323 Agathis australis, 152, 241, 250, 256, 258 Banded Rail, 432 Ageratina riparia, 141, 143, 144, 153 Bangalow palm, 147, 154 agricultural intensification, 228, 236 Banksia, 11, 78, 107, 262, 513, 553 Agrostis capillaris, 249 Banksias, 11, 68 Agrotis infusa,70 Bathurst copper, 283 Allocasuarina, 262 Bathynellacea, 517, 519, 528, 529, 531, 535 Alpine Ash, 544 Batrachedra,52 Altona skipper, 284 beetle, 18, 47, 48, 50, 51, 59, 85, 86, 125, 142, Amegilla cingulata, 291 144, 154, 279, 287, 288, 292, 295, 296, 519, Amphipoda, 513, 519, 521 521, 522, 529, 534, 536 Amyema miquelii,50 before-after control-impact study, 604 Amytornis, 426 bellbirds, 252 Anas chlorotis, 411, 415, 420 Bettongia penicillata, 305 Anas platyrhynchos, 201, 215, 220, 225 Bettongia pusilla,13 Anas superciliosa, 215, 226 biodiversity, 2, 108 Ancistrocerus, 174 biodiversity hotspot, 25, 78, 82, 114, 203, 253, Andropogon gayanus, 119, 131, 543, 558 462, 516, 519 angel sharks, 473, 476 biological control, 83 Anigozanthos, 113 biological invasions, 83, 96, 129, 156, 162, 182, Anomalopus mackayi, 111, 356 197 Anostostomatidae, 31, 43, 297 bioregion, 591 Anredera cordifolia, 107, 119, 123 biosecurity, 35, 122, 151, 158, 162, 163, 167, Anseranas semipalmata, 423 168, 169, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 224, Antaresia stimsoni, 547 392, 396 Antechinus flavipes, 49, 100 bird dispersal, 137 Anthornis melanura, 252 Bitou Bush, 110 Anthus novaeseelandiae,70 Black Grass-dart Butterfly, 111 antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 187, 189, 190 black rat, 203, 206, 218, 427

628

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03354-2 - Austral Ark: The State of Wildlife in Australia and New Zealand Edited by Adam Stow, Norman Maclean and Gregory I. Holwell Index More information

Index 629

black stilt, 415 Camelus dromedarius, 198, 199, 204, 224, 427 black urchins, 586 Camphor laurel, 110, 116 Blackbirds, 137, 147 Candonidae, 519 Black-Cockatoos, 427 cane toad, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, black-footed rock-wallaby, 210, 305 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 198, 216, 266, blacktip shark, 468 305, 362, 363, 366 blind cave eel, 513 Capra hircus, 33, 198, 199, 266 blitzkrieg, 13 captive breeding, 190, 281, 282, 306, 308, 368, Blue Mountains Water Skink, 111, 356 373, 415, 433 blue whales, 323, 339, 340, 353 CAR principle, 569 Blue-banded bee, 291 Carcharhinidae, 468, 476, 480, 491 Blue-billed Duck, 433 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, 478, 481, 485 bluetongue lizards, 102, 358, 359, 363, 366, 379 Carcharhinus limbatus, 462 bluetongue skinks, 87, 90, 96 Carcharhinus obscurus, 468 Bogong Moth, 70 Carcharias taurus, 474, 486, 490 Bombus terrestris, 52, 174, 181, 266 Caretta caretta, 73, 355, 366, 386 Bombyx mori, 292 Carmichaelia carmichaeliae, 250 boneseed, 110, 116, 172, 182, 266 Cat’s claw creeper, 119 border surveillance, 168 catﬁsh, 493 Bos taurus, 198, 199, 427 cattle, 198, 199, 246, 291, 304, 305, 365, 450 Botany Bay weevil, 278 cave gudgeon, 514 bovine tuberculosis, 198, 204, 209, 213 Cenchrus ciliaris, 118, 127, 129, 543, 556, 558 Bridal Creeper, 110, 133 Central Netted Dragon, 547 bristlebirds, 426, 548 Centrophoridae, 472 broad-headed snake, 359, 360, 361, 365, 366, Centrostephanus rodgersii, 68, 74, 586 380 Ceratobatrachidae, 444 broad-leaved paperbark, 117 Ceratocepahala, 242 broad-toothed rat, 73, 111 Ceratodontidae, 493 brown teal, 415 Cercartetus concinnus,48 Brown Treecreeper, 424, 425 Chalinolobus tuberculatus, 47, 144 brushtail possum, 35, 50, 59, 200, 220, 310, 410 Charles Darwin, 2 brush-tailed bettong, 305 Chlamydosaurus kingii, 364, 376, 540, 555 brush-tailed rock wallaby, 190, 306 Chondrilla juncea, 249 Bubalus bubalis, 198, 199, 427 Christmas Island, 305, 317, 318, 321, 355, 365, budgerigar, 434 366, 367, 368, 373, 374, 376, 377, 379, 432, buffalo, 198, 199, 225, 304 435, 521 Buffel grass, 118, 127, 543, 553 Chrysanthemoides monilifera, 107, 110, 113, 116, Bufo bufo,85 133, 172, 266 Bull shark, 478 Chrysolopus spectabilis, 278 Bursaria spinosa, 283 chytrid fungus, 74, 79, 440, 441, 461, 464 Burton’s snake lizard, 356 Cinnamonum camphorum, 110 bustards, 204 Citizen Science, 625 Clematis vitalba, 141, 149, 157, 249 Cabomba caroliniana, 121, 131 Climacteris picumnus, 424, 425 Cacatua galerita, 201, 215 climatic variability, 10 Cacatua tenuirostris, 428 coastal wallum frogs, 451 Cactoblastis,85 common wasp, 170 Caladenia atradenia, 145 Commonwealth Trawling Sector, 473 calicivirus, 208 Commonwealth waters, 590 Callaeas cinerea, 53, 421 community engagement, 626 Callaeas cinereus, 409, 411 convergence, 9 Callitris, 287, 458, 558 Cook’s Strait giant weta, 206 Calluna vulgaris, 138, 140, 156 Copepoda, 513, 519, 520 Calyptorhynchus, 203, 427, 428, 432, 436, 437 coral bleaching, 72, 471 camel, 198, 204, 220, 304, 427 cord grass, 35, 147

630 Index

corridors, 430, 435 donkeys, 198, 304, 305 corroboree frog, 74, 79 Drosophila melanogaster,73 corvid passerines, 423 droughts, vi, 12, 66, 74, 78, 263, 392, 434, 492 Corvus frugilegus, 201, 217, 220, 223, 224, 407 Dryococelus australis, 282, 295, 296 Corynocarpus, 242, 252, 258 dugong, 329 Crataegus monogyna, 147 dung beetles, 86, 100, 289, 291, 296 crayfish, 34, 35, 230 dusky whaler, 468 Crested Bellbird, 425 Dysoxylum spectabile,47 Crinia, 451 critical weight range (CWR), 14, 301 E. coli, 191 critical weight range species, 301 eastern barred bandicoot, 304 cross-fostering, 415 eastern rosella, 216, 221 Ctenophorus isolepis, 547 edge effects, 46, 48, 52, 59, 64, 287, 357, 435 Ctenophorus nuchalis, 547 Egernia cunninghami, 54, 63, 380 Ctenophorus pictus, 359 Elapidae, 9 Culex pervigilans,56 Eltham copper butterfly, 281, 283 Cunningham’s skink, 54 emu, 204 Cyanoramphus malherbi, 411, 415 endemicity, 28, 29, 279 cycads, 260, 262, 275 endemism, 1, 4, 6, 17, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 40, cyclones, 33, 74, 76, 115, 263, 340, 372, 471 41, 67, 76, 259, 264, 265, 273, 283, 298, 300, Cyprinus carpio, 201, 216 311, 312, 363, 406, 407, 457, 468, 497, 523, Cyrtobagous salviniae, 122, 132 526, 530, 532, 536 Cytisus scoparius, 110, 144, 145, 149, 250, 266 ENSO, 12, 316 entanglement, 335, 338 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, 62, 63, 250 entomophagy, 292, 297 Dacrydium cupressinum, 250 environmental disturbances, 26, 30, 33, 115, Dactylanthus, 32, 41 259, 264, 265, 267, 544 Dactylis glomerata, 249 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Dasyornis, 426, 433, 549 Conservation Act, 299, 476 Dasyornis longirostris, 433, 549 Eolophus roseicallipa, 215 Dasyurus, 88, 210, 221, 223, 303, 305, 308, 314, EPBC Act, 15, 304, 323, 324, 355, 365, 366, 376, 318, 557 429, 434, 451, 473, 476 Dasyurus geoffroii, 305 Epiphyas postvittana, 171, 173 Dasyurus hallucatus, 308, 557 Equus asinus, 198, 199 deepwater sharks, 472 Equus caballus, 198, 199 deer, 35, 198, 199, 204, 219, 220, 223, 248, 266, Eremophila glabra,51 304, 412 Erinaceus europaeus, 200, 208, 388 deforestation, 18, 46, 47, 58, 66, 286, 374, 409, Erythrura gouldiae, 428, 435, 439, 551 577, 578, 580 Eucalypt, 7, 48, 50, 266, 451, 555 Deinacrida, 144, 159, 206, 281, 287, 297 Eucalyptus, 5, 11, 79, 262, 263, 274, 275, 359, Deinacrida rugosa, 206 379, 544, 556, 558, 559 Desert Death Adder, 547 Eucalyptus delegatensis, 544 Dianella revoluta,51 Eucalyptus regnans, 544, 559 dibbler, 308 Eucalyptus salubris, 359, 379 Dicaeum hirundinaceum,50 Eudyptula minor, 111, 132 Didymosphenia geminata,35 Eulamprus leuraensis, 111, 356, 365, 530 dingo, 13, 20, 211, 222, 301, 302, 306, 310, 313, European rabbit, 200, 207, 266, 304 315, 423, 426, 438 European red fox, 200, 210, 302, 303, 366, 375 Diplodactylidae, 43, 382, 383, 384, 402 European toads, 85 direct development (frogs), 447, 450 evolutionary distinctiveness, 6 disease containment, 267 divaricating plants, 31 Felis catus, 200, 203, 211, 212, 221, 302, 314, Dodonaea viscosa,72 378, 388, 409, 423, 540 dogfishes, 468, 473, 476 feral bees, 427 Dolichondra unguis-cati, 119 feral cat, 219, 221, 302, 305, 306, 314, 363, 378

Index 631

feral pig, 427 Golden-tipped Bat, 111 ferrets, 56, 62, 212, 219, 388 Gondwana, 8, 9, 19, 25, 241, 256, 259, 260, 276, fertilisation effect, 72 295, 299, 406, 419, 422, 426, 436, 444, 512, Festuca rubra, 249 516, 517, 518 Fiji, 241, 325, 442, 448, 450, 462, 463, 464, gorse, 63, 149, 155, 156, 157, 160, 250, 281 465 Gouldian Finch, 428, 435, 551 fire, 10 Grand skink, 388 fire regime, 81, 539, 559 grassland earless dragon, 373 fire stick farming, 46 grasswrens, 426 fish stocking, 502 grayling, 37, 230, 234 fishways, 501 Great Artesian Basin, 520, 534 Five-clawed Worm Skink, 111 Great Barrier Reef, 583, 612 flying foxes, 71 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Fonscochlea accepta,54 (GBRMPA), 584 Food and Agriculture Organization, 473 Great Desert Skink, 356, 365, 366, 547, 556, 557 Freckled Duck, 433 Green cabomba, 121 freshwater crocodile, 87 grey nurse shark, 474, 626 freshwater fish, 30, 34, 37, 77, 227, 228, 230, grey reef shark, 478 231, 237, 238, 492, 493, 495, 503, 505, 506, Grey-crowned Babbler, 430, 438 507, 508, 511 groundwater, 228, 232, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, Freycinetia baueriana,51 517, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, Frilled Lizard, 540 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, frill-necked lizards, 87, 364 536 fruit flies, 73, 150 gudgeons, 493 Fuchsia excorticata, 248, 258 gulper sharks, 472 Gunnera, 242, 258 Gahnia filum, 284 galah, 215 habitat destruction, 232, 240, 245, 247, 252, Galaxias, 14, 30, 34, 35 409, 410, 445 Galaxias pedderensis,14 habitat fragmentation, 17, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, Galaxiidae, 493 53, 59, 61, 286, 310, 357, 401, 445 Gallinula mortierii, 13, 211, 423 habitat protection, 240, 267, 434, 571 Gallirallus pectoralis andrewsi, 432 habitat restoration, 53, 267 Gamba grass, 119, 120, 543 Hakea sericea, 117 Gambusia, 201, 440, 448, 456, 461 hare, 200, 207, 302, 303, 314 Garden escapes, 121, 137 hawthorn, 147 gene cassettes, 188, 190, 193, 194, 196 heavy metals, 338 genetic diversity, 53, 73, 75, 128, 245, 265, hedgehog, 200, 208, 388 268, 271, 272, 274, 276, 307, 308, 309, Hedychium, 139, 161, 249 311, 313, 359, 402, 500, 501, 502, 505, Hemidactylus frenatus, 202, 391 506, 530 Hemideina maori, 32, 43 genetic pollution, vi, 39, 187, 189, 190, 191, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae, 42, 62, 144, 145, 194, 195, 204, 232, 233, 234, 266, 270, 522, 146, 154, 253 587, 617, 624 Hesperilla flavescens, 284 Geocrinia alba, 451 Heterodontidae, 472, 475 Geocrinia vitellina, 451 high trophic level predators, 470 German wasp, 170, 183 Himalayan honeysuckle, 249 Giant sensitive tree, 117 Himantopus novaezelandiae, 415 giant weta, 281, 297 Honey Possum, 10 Gilbert’s potoroo, 308, 550 honeydew, 170, 178, 185 glossy black cockatoo, 203 Hooded Robin, 425 goannas, 87, 89, 91, 210 hooded scalyfoot legless lizard, 359 goats, 33, 198, 203, 224, 266, 281, 304, 412 horses, 198, 304, 305 Gobiidae, 493 house mice, 203, 206, 207 Golden-shouldered Parrot, 427, 432 house sparrow, 215

632 Index

humpback whales, 325 krill, 336, 340, 342, 350, 353 Hydromys chrysogaster,49 Hypochaeris radicata, 124 lady’s tresses orchid, 252 Lagorchestes hirsutus, 308 Ileostylus, 145 Lamniformes, 474 inbreeding depression, 53, 254, 307, 309, 313, Lampropholis delicata, 202, 383, 398, 402 319, 368, 415, 417 land clearing, 46, 357 Indigenous Protected Area, 564, 567 land snails, 31 industrial chlorinated hydrocarbons, 523 Lantana, 107, 110, 116, 121, 174, 181, 266 integron, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196 Lantana camara, 110, 116 International Plan of Action for the Lasiorhinus krefftii, 304 Conservation and Management of Sharks, Lasius paralienus,53 484 Laticauda, 386 International Union for the Conservation of Leadbeater’s Possum, 544, 545, 546, 555 Nature (IUCN), 583 Leichardt’s Grasshopper, 544 International Whaling Commission, 322, 324, Leiopelmatidae, 27, 444, 445, 458, 465 325, 342, 344, 347 Leontodon taraxacoides, 124 introduction effort, 113 Lepidium, 242, 247 invasion, 111 Lepidochelys olivacea, 355, 371, 386 invasion continuum, 105, 111, 112 Leptospermum scoparium, 33, 251 invasion opportunity, 165 Lepus europaeus, 207 invasive invertebrates, 162, 163, 169, 170, 174, light brown apple moth, 171, 173 175 Ligustrum, 116, 121 invasive plants, v, 105, 106, 131 Ligustrum lucidum, 116 invasive species management, 167 Ligustrum sinense, 109, 116 Ipomoea, 123 lilly pilly, 249 isolation, 7, 46 Linepithema humile, 39, 63, 172, 184 Isoodon obesulus, 210, 306 Linnean Shortfall, 2 Isopoda, 513, 519, 520 Liopholis kintorei, 356, 547 Lithgow copper, 283 Jacky Winter, 425 Litoria, 88, 441, 442, 443, 444, 446, 448, 449, Japanese kelp, 35 451, 454, 455, 456, 459, 460, 461, 462, 465 Jatropha curcas, 151, 158 Little Penguin, 111 jewelled geckos, 390 lobster, 609 loggerhead sea turtle, 73, 77 kahikatea, 60, 62, 63, 250 Lomatia, 273, 276 kaka, 153, 213, 215, 226, 409, 415, 421 long-billed Corella, 428 Kakadu National Park, 540 long-nosed potoroos, 210 kakapo, 30, 407, 411, 414, 415, 418, 420 long-spined sea urchin, 68, 74 kamahi, 248 long-tailed bats, 47, 62 kangaroo paw, 113 Lord Howe Island stick insect, 281, 282, 295 karo, 152 lungﬁsh, 493 kauri, 41, 152, 205, 241, 250, 256, 258 Lycium ferrocissimum, 117 kawekaweau, 384, 386 kea, 253 Maccassans, 426 kererū, 145, 146 Macquaria, 498 Kerivoula paupuensis, 111 Macropod, 12, 299 Kikuyu, 111, 118 Macropus eugenii, 306 King George whiting, 52 Macropus greyi, 304 kiore, 206, 288, 408, 409 Macropus rufus, 13, 204 kiwi, 27, 49, 53, 57, 61, 62, 144, 209, 213, 218, Macrozamia, 262 223, 278, 407, 409, 411, 414, 415, 420 Madeira vine, 119, 123 koala, 307, 626 Magpie Geese, 423 kohekohe, 47 Mahoenui giant weta, 281 kokako, 53, 409, 417, 421 mahogany glider, 304, 543, 555

Index 633

mala, 308 Murray–Darling Basin, 494 mallard, 215, 225 Mus musculus, 36, 48, 200, 203, 223, 288, 393, mammalian predators, 55, 56, 75, 198, 206, 240, 402, 432 251, 253, 284, 287, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, Mustela erminea, 49, 57, 200, 206, 226 392, 393, 395, 405, 407, 409, 416 Mustela furo, 36, 56, 62, 200, 212, 388 Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE), Myobatrachidae, 441, 444, 460, 461, 571 464 Manorina melanocephala, 424 Myosotis, 242, 245, 249, 257, 258 manuka, 170, 251 Myrmecobius fasciatus, 305 Māori, 206, 236, 246, 387, 408 Mystacina, 6, 32, 37, 144, 157, 158, 206 marsupial, 9 Mystaicina tuberculata, 279 Mastacomys fuscus, 73, 79, 111 Mystacinidae, 6, 27 matrix, 46, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 64, 72, 287, Mystacinobia,32 359, 437, 514, 525 Mystacinobiidae, 32, 279 mayﬂies, 27, 35, 279 myxoma virus, 203, 208 megafauna, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 265, 301, 352, 372 Nangur spiny skink, 362 megafaunal extinction, 13, 22, 277, 301 Nangura spinosa, 362 Melaleuca quinquenervia, 117 Nassella tenuissima, 108, 127 Melanodryas cucullata, 425 Nassella trichotoma, 117 Melanotaeniidae, 493 naturalisation, 111, 117, 124, 136, 138, 147, Melopsittacus undulatus, 434 151, 155 Menyanthes trifoliate, 249 Nature Refuge program, 567 Metrosideros, 54, 152, 158, 204, 209, 241, 248, Naultinus gemmeus, 390, 401 251 needle grasses, 117 Metrosideros robusta, 152 needlebush, 117 Mexican feather grass, 108 Nematoda, 513 Miconia calvescens, 115, 117, 124, 130 Neochanna,30 Microctonus aethiopoides, 173, 178 Neonicotinoids, 290, 295 Microeca fascinans, 425 Neophema chrysogaster, 432 Microhylidae, 441, 444, 461, 466 Nestor notabilis, 253 Microseris, 242 New Zealand bush wren, 206 Military Dragon, 547 New Zealand pigeon, 53, 144, 253 Milyeringa veritas, 514 New Zealand sea lion, 333 Mimosa pigra, 56, 58, 115, 117, 129, 153 Niveoscincus palfreymani, 368 Miomantis caffra, 171, 175 noise interference, 338 Mirounga leonina, 330 Noisy Miners, 424 Mission Grass, 543 Noisy Scrub-bird, 426, 431, 436, 548, 549, mistﬂower, 143, 144 558 mistletoe, 37, 50, 57, 61, 145, 209, 248 North Island robin, 64, 415 mistletoe bird, 50 Northern Bettong, 543 Moa, 33, 36, 407, 408 Northern Brown Bandicoot, 540 Mohua ochrocephala, 207, 219 northern hairy nosed wombat, 304 monitoring, 574 northern quoll, 307, 308, 312, 557 monitoring frogs, 456 northern rātā, 152 Monk Snake, 547 Norway rats, 36, 206, 411 Morning glory, 123 no-take marine reserve, 584, 591, 600 mosquito, 56, 59, 169 Nothofagus, 11, 25, 30, 38, 41, 48, 69, mother-in-laws tongue, 121 79, 207, 241, 256, 260, 261, 262, 277 Mountain Ash, 544, 545 Notiomystis cincta, 252, 410, 417 Muehlenbeckia, 242, 254, 255, 256, 258 Nullarbor Dwarf Bettong, 13 Muelenbeckia astonii, 254 numbat, 305 mulga, 546, 547 nutrient poverty, 9 Murids, 300 Nymphicus hollandicus, 434 Murray cod, 495 Nymphoides peltata, 249

634 Index

ocean pH, 483 Perameles bougainville, 307 Ochna, 116 Perameles gunnii, 304 Ochna serrulata, 116 Peraxilla tetrapetala, 50, 58 Ocybadistes knightorum, 111 perch, 493 offshore surveillance, 168 Percichthyidae, 493 old man’s beard, 149, 248 Petrogale lateralis, 210, 305, 313, 318 Olea europaea, 110, 116, 117, 127, 266 Petrogale lateralis lateralis, 305 Oligocene, 8, 9, 25, 30, 41, 42, 240, 241, 258, Petrogale penicillata, 190, 306, 313, 317 261, 262, 385, 408, 418, 495 Petrogale persephone, 308 Oligosoma grande, 54, 388, 389 Petroica australis, 414 Oligosoma whitakeri, 387 Petroica longpipes,53 Oncorhynchus mykiss, 201, 216 Pezoporus flaviventris, 433, 548 Onychophora, 16, 27, 28, 285 Phascolarctos cinereus, 307 Ophisternon candidum, 513 Pheidole megacephala, 172 orange fronted parakeet, 415 phenological changes, 69 orange-bellied parrots, 432 Phocarctos hookeri, 333 Orectolobidae, 468 Phoenix canariensis, 151 Oreoica gutturalis, 425 phoenix palm, 151 Ornithoptera richmondia, 283 Phreatoicidean isopods, 517 Oryctolagus cuniculus, 56, 63, 200, 203, 207, 211, Phyla canescens, 174, 181 220, 225, 266, 304, 388, 423 phylogeography, 498 Osteoglossidae, 493 Phytophthora cinnamomi, 204, 205, 222, 266, Ostracoda, 513, 519, 533 428, 438 Otago skinks, 388 Pilosella officinarum, 249 overfishing, 467, 475, 480, 617 Pimelea spicata, 110, 133 overgrazing, 212, 306, 423 Pinus radiata, 54, 72, 80, 117, 137, 141, 144, 463 Ovis aries, 198, 199, 224, 423 Pison, 174 Oxyura australis, 433 Pistia stratiotes, 249 Pittosporum crassifolium, 152 Pacific grey duck, 215 Pityrodia, 545 pacific rat, 408 placental, 9 PADDD, 575 plant collection, 250 painted dragon, 359 plant lice, 10 palaeoecology, 264 Platycercus eximius, 201, 216, 221 palaeoendemics, 4 Plectranthus ciliatus, 145 paper wasps, 170 Pleistocene, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 30, 198, para grass, 543 242, 275, 277, 300, 301, 318, 425, 435, 438, Paralucia pyrodiscus lucida, 283 445, 448, 459, 495, 496, 498, 499, 500, 503, Paralucia spinifera, 283 506, 510, 516, 520 Paranephrops planifrons, 230 poaching, 390 Paranephrops zealandicus,35 Pohutukawa, 54 Parantechinus apicalis, 308 Polistes, 170, 171, 172, 174, 179, 180 Pararistolochia praevenosa, 283 pollination, 50, 51, 52, 59, 74, 108, 153, 172, Parasuta monachus, 547 173, 174, 181, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, Parkinsonia aculeata, 123 268, 271, 290, 291, 408 Partridge pigeon, 540 pollution, 228 Passer domesticus, 201, 215, 223, 226 Polytelis swainsoni, 425 passeriformes, 8, 406 Pomatostomus temporalis, 430 Passiflora, 116, 153 population density, 625 passionfruits, 116 Porphyrio albus,14 patch burning, 431, 555 Porphyrio hochstetteri, 407, 412, 419, 421 Pedder Galaxias, 14 Potamogeton perfoliatus, 249 Pedra Branca skink, 368 Potorous gilbertii, 308, 550 Pelodryadinae, 441 Potorous tridactylus, 210 Pennisetum clandestinum, 111, 118 Powelliphanta, 31, 36, 204, 209

Index 635

Prasophyllum correctum, 550, 554 redfinned blue eye, 493 pre-border biosecurity, 167 re-introduction, 268 prehistoric extinctions, 12 relocation, 68 prickly acacia, 117 requiem sharks, 468, 476 privet, 109, 116, 121, 145 Rhabdothamnus solandri, 252 propagule pressure, 105, 113, 136, 151, 391, Rheobatrachus, 441, 443, 454 401 Rhinella marina, 83, 84, 89, 98, 99, 100, 103, Proserpine rock-wallaby, 308 216, 380, 450 Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, 216 Rhynchocephalia, 75, 383 Prosthemadera novaezeelandiae, 252 Richard’s Pipit, 70 Proteaceae, 8, 26, 41, 68, 78, 261, 272, 273, 275, Richmond birdwing, 281, 283 276, 277, 556 Rifleman, 144, 414, 415, 419 Prototroctes oxyrhynchus, 37, 230 rimu, 250 Protozoa, 513 ringtail possum, 54 provincialism, 5 rock-wallabies, 203, 210, 316, 318 Psephotus chrysopterygius, 427 rook, 217, 223, 224 Pseudechis porphyriacus,91 Rotifera, 513 Pseudemydura umbrina, 369, 370 Roy’s Peak Gecko, 397, 398 Pseudocheirus peregrinus,54 Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, 218, Pseudophryne, 451 424, 435 Pseudophryne pengilleyi, 74, 443 Psidium guajava, 151 salinity, 526 Psophodes nigrogularis, 549 Salix, 117, 137, 142, 144, 151, 155, 157, 160 Ptilonorhynchus maculatus, 425 Salmo salar,35 Puccinia psidii, 251, 255 Salmo trutta, 35, 201, 216 Puffinus tenuirostris, 428 Salmonella, 214, 215, 218, 392, 399, 401, 402 Pultenaea glabra, 280 Salvinia, 122, 131, 132 pūriri, 152 Salvinia weevil, 122 pygmy bluetongue lizard, 359 Sansevieria trifasciata, 121 Pygopus nigriceps, 359 saratoga, 493 Sarcophilus harrisii, 13, 211, 301, 315 quolls, 87, 89, 90, 91, 210, 211, 221 savanna woodlands, 540 scalloped hammerhead, 478 rabbit, 35, 63, 87, 147, 203, 208, 210, 212, Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis, 493 220, 222, 224, 225, 304, 305, 365, 388, Schefflera actinophylla, 151 428, 432 school shark, 472 rainbow skinks, 382, 383, 402 sclerophylly, 9 rainbowfishes, 493 Scotch broom, 110, 144, 145, 266 Ramsar Convention, 527 Scytothalia dorycarpa,71 range expansion, 74, 91, 99, 100, 138, 147, 217 sea level rise, 74 Ranidae, 444, 445, 450, 458 seabirds, 32, 418 Ranunculus, 242, 243, 255, 257 seed dispersal, 115, 116, 118, 146, 147, 172, 251, rat’s tail grasses, 117 258, 271 ratites, 406 serrated tussock, 117 Rattus exulans, 36, 200, 206, 288, 393, 408, 417, Shearwaters, 428 426 sheep, 51, 198, 199, 212, 246, 253, 304 Rattus lutreolus, 73, 79 shrubby tororaro, 254, 256 Rattus norvegicus, 36, 200, 206, 409 silk worm, 292 Rattus rattus, 36, 200, 203, 218, 223, 266, 282, Sillaginodes punctate,52 409, 427 Siluriform, 493 red fire ant, 56 silvereyes, 137 Red Fox, 15, 423, 427 Sitona discoideus, 173 red imported fire ant, 169, 172, 173, 184 sleepy lizards, 70 red kangaroo, 13, 204 snapper (Pagrus auratus), 606 red-bellied blacksnakes, 91 soil salinity, 526

636 Index

soils, 1, 9, 22, 26, 33, 44, 68, 108, 109, 114, 123, Telopea speciosissima, 272 129, 186, 194, 232, 235, 243, 249, 263, 301, Temnohaswellia novaezelandiae, 230 425, 439 temperature-dependent sex determination Solanum mauritianum, 116, 149, 160 (TSD), 75, 369 Solenopsis geminate,56 Ten’s Rule, 111, 135 Solenopsis invicta, 172, 266, 366 termites, 10 southern brown bandicoot, 210, 306 Tethys, 516 southern elephant seal, 330 Tetratheca, 262 Spartina alterniflora,35 Thelymitra, 244, 250, 256 Spartina anglica, 141, 147, 157, 158 three-lined skinks, 73 species area relationship (SAR), 49 Thylacine, 9, 13, 301, 302 species richness, 2 Thylacinus cynocephalus, 9, 13, 211, 301, 302 Spelaeogriphacea, 517 Tiliqua adelaidensis, 358 Sphenodon punctatus, 75, 399, 403 Tiliqua rugosa, 70, 77 Spicospina flammocaerulea, 451 Tisiphone abeona joanna, 284 spiked rice flower, 110 toolache wallaby, 304 spillover, 609 trade liberalisation, 175 spinifex, 364, 426, 435, 546, 547, 556, 559 Tradescantia fluminensis, 55, 60, 63, 109, 137, Spiranthes novae-zelandiae, 252 141, 143, 156, 159, 160 Sporobolus, 117 traditional Indigenous land management, 538 Sporodanthus ferrugineus,52 translocation, 413 Spotted Bowerbird, 425 tree fuchsia, 248 Squalidae, 468 Triaenodon obesus, 481, 483 Squatina, 473 Trichosurus vulpecula, 35, 50, 137, 144, 200, 204, starling, 137, 201, 214, 222 209, 218, 220, 248, 309, 313, 315, 410, 432 Stegostoma fasciatum, 474 Trigonospila brevifacies, 173 Stellaria elatinoides, 247 Trilepidea adamsii, 248 stewardship, 595 Triodia, 364, 426, 546, 559 Sticherus tener, 247 triplefin fishes, 32, 44 Stictonetta nervosa, 433 Tripterygiidae, 32, 44 Stimson’s Python, 547 trophic cascades, 470, 471, 481, 607, 609, 622 stitchbirds, 252 tuatara, 25, 27, 30, 75, 76, 79, 80, 81, 382, 383, stoat, 36, 49, 207, 212, 213, 219, 222, 226, 388, 386, 387, 392, 395, 399, 400, 401, 403 409, 417 tui, 216, 252 Strigops habroptilus, 407, 420 Tupeia antarctica, 145 Sturnus vulgaris, 137, 201, 214 Turbellaria, 513 stygobites, 514 Turbina corymbosa, 115 sulphur-crested cockatoo, 215 Turdus merula, 137, 160, 201 Superb Parrot, 425 Turquoise Parrot, 428 Sus scrofa, 33, 137, 198, 199, 204, 266, 427 Turtle, Hawksbill, 371, 386 swamp rat, 73 Turtle, Loggerhead, 366, 380, 386 Syncarida, 513, 528, 529, 535 Turtle, Olive Ridley, 371, 386 Syzygium smithii, 249 Tympanocryptis pinguicolla, 373

Taenopygia guttata, 434 Ulex europaeus, 140, 144, 149, 155, 156, 157, Takahe, 407, 411, 415, 419 248, 250 Takitimu geckos, 397 Undaria pinnatiﬁda, 35, 586 tammar wallaby, 306 undescribed species, 279 taraire, 252 urbanisation, 227, 228, 303, 310, 389, 424, 430 Tarsipes rostratus,10 urchin barrens, 608 Tasmanian Devil, 13, 211, 301, 303, 305, 308, 315 Vachellia nilotica, 117 Tasmanian native hen, 13, 423 Varanus, 90, 210, 211 taxonomic impediment, 177, 293 Varroa, 52, 169, 290 taxonomy, 292, 293 vectors, 136

Index 637

Vespula, 170, 172, 174, 178, 180, 182, 183, 185 Whitaker’s skink, 387, 402, vines, 121 403 Vitex lucens, 152 White Gallinule, 14 volcanism, 9, 26, 30, 33, 408, 409 whitetip reef shark, 481, 483 Vulpes vulpes, 15, 200, 210, 211, 225, 302, 379, wild dogs, 212 423 Wild tobacco, 116 Willow, 117, 142 wallum habitat, 442, 451, 452 wobbegongs, 468 waratah, 272 woody weeds, 117 water quality, 40, 186, 216, 228, 229, 230, 233, woolly nightshade, 149, 160 234, 235, 236, 239, 495, 514, 525 World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 570 weasel, 36, 212, 213, 388, 402 wedge-tailed shearwater, 111 Xenicus longipes, 206 Weed Risk assessment (WRA), 122, 136 xenobiotic compounds, 187 weeds, 55 xenogenetic DNA elements, 187 Weinnmania racemosa, 248 West Arnhem Land Fire Abatement (WALFA), yellow crazy ants, 366 364 yellow-bellied Glider, 543 western barred bandicoot, 307 yellow-spotted monitors, 87, 90 Western Bristlebird, 433, 549 Western Ground Parrot, 433, 548, 553, 554 Zealandia, 25, 30 western quoll, 305 zebra ﬁnch, 434 western swamp turtle, 369, 370 zebra-shark, 474 Western Whipbird, 549 Zelleria maculata,50 weta, 31, 37, 42, 43, 144, 159, 206, 222, 278, Zizania palustris, 249 281, 282, 287, 288, 297 Zosterops lateralis, 137