Reproductive System

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ACROSS reaction, occurs when a unites with the 's reproductive biology, roughly spherical aggregations plasma membrane, altering the zona pellucida to of cells found in the ovary. 5 ______is a phase of the in which prevent other sperm from binding to and entering the 15 ______is the creation of from the endometrium is shed. egg. secondary during . 9 A ______is an intermediary male gametogonium in 12 A ______gland, or Cowper's gland, is one of two 18 ______is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a the production of spermatozoa. small exocrine glands present in the reproductive densely-packed shell of somatic cells that contains an 10 Chorionic ______are tiny, finger-like structures that system of human males. During each immature . sprout from the chorion, in order to give a maximum gland produces a clear, viscous secretion known as 20 ______tubules are located in the testicles, and are area of contact with the maternal blood. pre-ejaculate. the specific location of , and the subsequent 11 The ______reaction, also known as the zona 14 Ovarian ______s are the basic unit of female creation of , namely spermatozoa. 21 The vas ______are muscular tubes surrounded by producing estrogens. cells are 'nurse' cell of the testes, nurturing developing smooth muscle connecting the left and right 2 The ______is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine sperm cells within the seminiferous tubules. epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts. gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. 22 The ______cycle is a recurring cycle of physiologic 3 A ______s is an enzyme released by the acrosome changes under endocrine control necessary for of the sperm cell that degrade hyaluronic acid. reproduction that occurs in females. 4 The ______phase, or secretory phase, is the latter 23 Labelled the female hormone but also present in phase of the menstrual cycle, which begins with the males, ______is the major estrogen in humans, not formation of the corpus luteum and ends in either only of critical importance for reproductive and sexual or luteolysis. functioning, but also affects other organs. 6 ______refers to the first menstrual period, or first 26 ______is an event that occurs early in pregnancy menstrual bleeding. in which the adheres to the wall of uterus. 7 The ______ducts are part of the testis, connecting 28 ______s are cells in the anterior pituitary which the rete testis with the head of the epididymis. produce the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating 8 The ______is a membranous sac which surrounds hormone and luteinizing hormone. and protects the embryo. 34 ______is a peptide that enhances FSH synthesis 13 The ______is a narrow, tightly-coiled tube and secretion and participates in the regulation of the connecting the efferent ducts of each testicle to its vas menstrual cycle. deferens. 35 ______is a steroid hormone involved in the female 16 The zona ______is a glycoprotein membrane menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis. surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. 38 ______s are cells forming the outer layer of a 17 ______is a form of milk produced by the mammary blastocyst. They provide nutrients to the embryo and glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving develop into a large part of the placenta. birth. 39 ______is the principal male sex hormone and an 19 ______is the male form of gametocytogenesis anabolic steroid. It is rimarily secreted in the testes of which involves stem cells dividing to produce a males and the ovaries of females, although small population of cells destined to become mature sperm. amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. 24 ______is the final step in the maturation of 42 ______is the generic term for any natural or mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that them competent to fertilize an oocyte. stimulates or controls the development and 25 The ______is an organelle that develops over the maintenance of masculine characteristics in anterior half of the spermatozoon's head which vertebrates. contains digestive enzymes including hyaluronidase 43 ______s are multinucleated cells found in the and acrosin. placenta of human that form the outermost 27 The ______is an ephemeral organ present during fetal component of the placenta and massively pregnancy, which develops from the same sperm and increase the surface area available for nutrient egg cells that form the fetus, and functions as a exchange. fetomaternal organ for filtration and transfer. 45 The ______phase, or proliferative phase, is the 29 The ______or womb is the major female phase of the menstrual cycle during which follicles in reproductive organ. One end, the cervix, opens into the ovary mature to climax with . the vagina the other is connected on both sides to 49 ______is a steroid prohormone produced from the fallopian tubes. cholesterol. It is the precursor of androstenedione, 30 A ______is a kind of that results from the which undergoes further conversion to produce meiosis of a gametocyte. testosterone, estrone or estradiol. 31 A ______is an organ that makes gametes. 51 ______is a peptide that is an inhibitor of FSH 32 The word ______literally means the permanent synthesis and secretion, participating in the regulation physiological, or natural, cessation of menstrual of the menstrual cycle. cycles. 52 A ______cell is a somatic cell found closely 33 Human placental ______, also called human associated with the developing oocyte within the chorionic somatomammotropin, is a polypeptide ovary. placental hormone that modifies the metabolic state of 53 ______hormone is synthesized and secreted by the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In the female, supply of the fetus. an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation. In the male, LH 36 ______is the process by which a mature ovarian stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum. 55 ______is the process by which male 37 Found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. testicle, ______cells can secrete testosterone and 56 An ______is the egg-producing reproductive organ are often closely related to nerves. found in female organisms 40 An ______is a female gametocyte or germ cell 58 ______circulation refers to the system of blood involved in reproduction, in other words, an immature flowing from the embryo to the yolk sac and back ovum. again. 41 ______is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the 59 An ______is a haploid female reproductive cell or ovary, the least prevalent of the three estrogens, . which also include estriol and estradiol. 62 The ______, which surrounds the embryo and other 44 A ______is the haploid cell that is the male membranes, consists of two layers: an outer layer gamete. It joins an ovum to form a zygote. formed by the primitive ectoderm or trophoblast, and 46 Human chorionic ______is a peptide hormone an inner layer formed by the somatic mesoderm in made by the embryo soon after conception and later contact with the amnion. by the placenta, preventing the disintegration of the 63 The ______is the inner membrane of the uterus. corpus luteum and thereby maintaining progesterone 64 ______is the final stage of spermatogenesis which levels for pregnancy. sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile 47 ______describes the secretion of milk from the spermatozoa. mammary glands, the process of providing that milk to 66 ______stimulating hormone is secreted by the the young, and the period of time that a mother anterior pituitary gland to stimulate the growth of lactates to feed her young. Graafian ______s in women and enhance the 48 An ______is an . It is a female production of androgen-binding protein by Sertoli cells gametogonium. in men. 50 The ______sac is the first element seen in the 67 ______is a protease released from the acrosome gestational sac during pregnancy, usually at 5 weeks of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome gestation. It is filled with the vitelline fluid. reaction 54 Fertilization is fusion of gametes to form a new 68 The ______reaction is the reaction which occurs in organism of the same species. the anterior of the sperm's head as it approaches the 55 A ______is a male gametocyte which is derived zona pellucida. from a . 69 In a ______animal, the embryo develops inside the 57 ______-binding protein is a glycoprotein produced body of the mother, as opposed to outside within an by the Sertoli cells in the testis which binds specifically egg. to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 17-beta- 70 The term ______refers to the haploid male gametid estradiol. that results from division of secondary spermatocytes. 60 ______is the creation of an ovum, the female process of . DOWN 61 The corpus ______is a temporary endocrine structure in mammals, involved in the production of 1 ______is an enzyme of the cytochrome P450 the progestogens which are needed for the superfamily whose function is to aromatize androgens, maintenance of a pregnancy. that is, to selectively increase their aromaticity, 65 Activated by follicle-stimulating hormone, ______