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Atles Dels Amfibis I Els Rèptils Del Cap De Creus

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Atles Dels Amfibis I Els Rèptils Del Cap De Creus ATLES DELS AMFIBIS I ELS RÈPTILS DEL CAP DE CREUS Joan Ferrer i Riu, Eduard Filella i Subirà TREBALLS DE LA SOCIETAT CATALANA D’HERPETOLOGIA núm. 7 ! ! Atles dels amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus Joan Ferrer i Riu | Eduard Filella Subirà Societat Catalana d’Herpetologia Aquest llibre s’ha de citar com / This book should be cited as: ÍNDEX Ferrer i riu, J. & Filella subirà, E. (2011). Atles dels amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus. Treballs de la Pròleg ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Societat Catalana d’Herpetologia, núm. 7. Barcelona Introducció ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 El Clima del cap de Creus ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Antecedents .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Metodologia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Resultats generals ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Identificació ràpida ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Distribució dels amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus ................................................................................................. 40 Espècies al·lòctones ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Espècies de presència dubtosa o descartada ........................................................................................................................... 99 Espècies de presència potencial ..........................................................................................................................................................100 La biodiversitat herpetològica al cap de Creus .................................................................................................................102 Àrees d’interès herpetològic ....................................................................................................................................................................105 Biodiversitat herpetològica de les Reserves Naturals Integrals ...................................................................109 © Societat Catalana d’Herpetologia Conservació i mesures de gestió ........................................................................................................................................................111 www.socactherp.org Legislació.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................121 Dibuixos i claus dicotòmiques (pp 36-39): Eduard Filella Mapes de distribució: Monverte Estudis Ambientals Crèdits d’imatges i fotografies .............................................................................................. 124 Dipòsit legal B-7772-90 ISSN 02130165 Agraïments....................................................................................................................................................................................................................125 ISBN 84-404-644-4 Barcelona, novembre 2012 Manteniment de la informació ............................................................................................................................................................125 Foto portada: Tarentola mauritanica de l’illa de s’Arenella (Joan Ferrer i Riu). Bibliografia i referències ...............................................................................................................................................................................126 Contraportada: Mauremys leprosa (Eduard Filella Subirà), Salamandra salamandra (Miquel Àngel Fuentes Ro- sua), Pelodytes punctatus, Timon lepidus i Testudo hermanni hermanni (Joan Ferrer i Riu). • 7 PRÒLEG Us presentem un nou llibre, ara sobre els amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus. Estem par- lant no només d’un Atles, sinó també d’una guia que us permetrà conèixer el patrimoni herpetològic de casa nostra, sovint tan desconegut per molts de nosaltres. Aquest és un llibre del tot necessari per millorar-ne el seu coneixement i sobretot, la seva conservació. L’Herpetologia, com a branca de la Zoologia, és una ciència molt antiga que estudia els amfibis i els rèptils i que ens dóna, entre d’altres, informació de molts aspectes de la seva taxonomia, fisiologia, anatomia i també del seu comportament. Aquesta branca del coneixement d’aquest grup de vertebrats (el metabolisme dels quals depèn de l’escalfor que reben del medi ambient allà on habiten), ens ofereix els múltiples beneficis que tenen els amfibis i rèptils en l’ecologia global, ja que molt sovint són espècies molt sensibles als canvis ambientals, alhora que ens adverteixen, als éssers humans sobre els canvis significatius que s’estan produint al nostre entorn. Així doncs, el llibre que teniu a les mans, us ajudarà a conèixer una mica més quin és el seu comportament i us aportarà també informació inèdita com ara la constatació de la presència d’espècies que fins ara no havien estat citades al Parc Natural de Cap de Creus, com la granoteta de punts o el vidriol. Tota aquesta informació és fruit de gairebé 30 anys de prospeccions de diferents autors coneixedors del nostre entorn. Al llarg d’aquest volum hi trobareu un recull de dades del cap Creus sobre l’entorn físic i natural, del clima, sobre la metodologia emprada en l’elaboració de l’Atles i un seguit d’imatges que us ajudaran en la identificació de les espècies d’amfibis i rèptils, així com per conèixer-ne la seva distribució. També conté una anàlisi de la biodiversitat herpe- tològica, de les àrees d’interès herpetològic, de la biodiversitat herpetològica de les re- serves naturals integrals del Parc, així com alguns apunts sobre la conservació, propostes de mesures de gestió i un resum de la legislació existent. Des del Parc Natural considerem molt positiu que surti a la llum una obra com aques- ta, ja que ens aproxima a un grup d’espècies encara força desconegut a casa nostra. Esperem i desitgem que aquest llibre ens serveixi a tots per millorar el coneixement d’aquest grup d’animals, tan discret i tan emblemàtic, doncs només d’aquesta manera podrem treballar pel seu respecte i la seva conservació. Victòria Riera Directora del Parc Natural de Cap de Creus • 9 INTRODUCCIÓ Com bé diu el títol, aquest llibre és un Atles dels amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus, és a dir, es pretén mostrar quina és la distribució actual de les espècies d’amfibis i rèptils sobre mapes del massís peninsular del cap de Creus. Els amfibis són aquells vertebrats de pell nua i hàbits generalment semiterrestres o semiaquàtics d’aigües continentals que, per regla general, desenvolupen una metamorfosi per tal d’adquirir una forma similar a la dels adults. En aquests primers estadis són de mida menor i després creixen fins a tenir la mida corresponent a la seva espècie. Els avenços produïts en el camp de la Zooologia durant les últimes dècades han fet que avui en dia el terme rèptil hagi desaparegut de la terminologia científica esdevenint un terme col·loquial (equiparable a “granota” o “gripau”). Així doncs, el grup d’animals que abans eren classificats com a rèptils, ara està inclòs dins un grup més ampli anome- nat Sauròpsids (que actualment abasta a vertebrats amniotes incloent-hi també les aus). Però aquí només es tractarà una part d’aquest grup tan ampli, el que abans es coneixia com a rèptils i que ara podriem anomenar sauròpsids no aviaris. En aquestes contrades només estan representats per l’Ordre dels Testudines o quelonis (les tortugues) i l’Or- dre dels Squamata o escatosos, dividit en 4 subordres: Iguania; Amphisbaenia (aquests dos primers sense representants a la zona d’estudi); Serpentes (les serps) i Scleroglossa. Extrem est del cap de Creus, amb l’illa de s’Encalladora a la dreta, punt més oriental de la península Ibèrica, al fons s’aprecia la serra de l’Albera. 10 • Atles dels amfibis i els rèptils del cap de Creus Introducció • 11 D’aquest darrer hi ha 3 infraordres: Gekkota (els dragons), Anguimorpha (el vidriol) i Des d’un punt de vista geològic el cap de Creus té una constitució singular, amb es- Scincomorpha (el llangardaix, les sargantanes i el dull). tructures, afloraments i plegaments formats ara fa uns 40 milions d’anys provinents d’una Com ja s’ha dit, el marc físic que abasta aquest Atles és la
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