THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Copyright—G. A. Hamilton SINIOLCHUM, 22,620 FEET, GROUP, QUEEN OF THE HIMALAYAS

Vol. X NOVEMBER, 1933 No. 1 KANGCHENJUNGA FROM THE

FOREIGN S

YOL. X, No. 11 WASHINGTON, D. C. NOVEMBER, 1933 An Excursion Towards Everest

By ARTHUR C. FROST, Consul General, Calcutta THERE is in most of us something of that and that unimpressive speck is Everest. The persistent old Puritanic strain which makes globe-trotter, even if of plethoric purse, generally the taking of leave seem just a bit sinful. has not the time, patience, or equipment, to make One can always conjure up unfinished tasks, such the more extended excursion out from Darjeeling as a more complete answer to that trade inquiry, necessary to obtain a satisfactory view of another voluntary report, and in W.T.D.’s are Everest. endless worlds to conquer. When, however, by Taking late November (1932) as theoretically Congressional mandate, sealed with the Presi¬ the ideal time for visibility, we left Calcutta one dent’s approval, we are enjoined to take a statu¬ night at 8 o’clock. Two cars were adequate for tory furlough, and that without benefit of salary, transporting to the railway station our impedi¬ all qualms cease and one sallies forth with light menta, consisting of several suitcases of divers heart and conscience clear. With this solemn fur¬ dimensions, baskets and bundles containing sum¬ lough duty upon me, I decided to see one of the mer and winter clothing, multiple sweaters, seven high spots of my district, in fact the spot that or eight blankets, dress clothes, walking, dress, which in all the world there is no higher, namely and mountain shoes, various types of headgear, kit. Everest. two thermos and two hot water bottles, the com¬ A good glimpse of Everest is not so casually plete 57 varietes of American canned goods and come by as a train trip to Atlantic City^ or Niagara condiments, cofifee, tea, chocolate, medicines, a Falls. Some round-the-world trippers pass up collapsible spirit stove, kerosene, canned heat, can¬ altogether, with vague thoughts of climate, dles, drinking water, cooly cigarettes, eating uten¬ cholera, or cobras perhaps clouding this supreme sils, bed rolls and linen, mattresses, and a large scenic opportunity. Many view the vast sub-con¬ supply of subsidiary coinage. This does not ex¬ tinent chiefly from the deck of a passing steamer. haust the list by any means, but more might One lady, somewhat short on knowledge or tour¬ exhaust the reader. The song “Man wants but istic truthfulness, came ashore and after tea at little here below” was evidently not inspired by the Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay wrote home to preparations for a journey in the Himalayas. report that she had seen the Taj and that it was It was reluctantly decided to leave behind much over-rated. A limited number of circum¬ “Mike,” our canine companion of many lands and navigators make a hasty tour of Delhi, Benares, quests. This was partly owing to the ubiquitous and Agra (where is the Taj—earth’s most ex¬ leech, for which he might have to act as reluctant quisite edifice). Only the most serious travelers host, but chiefly because of his octogenarian age come to Calcutta, usually for a three-day stop, per¬ of nearly 12. He should be eligible already for mitting a journey north to Darjeeling. From membership in a circumnavigator’s club owing to here a strenuous 3 a. m. trip is made up nearby travels on five continents, not to mention his pres¬ Tiger Hill, from the summit of which, if one is ent rotundity suggestive of the globe itself. so fortunate as to have a clear morning, a white The next morning we alighted from the train snowy speck is seen slightly above a distant range, at , the base station, where we took an 385 automobile for the thrilling 50-mile climb to Dar¬ is something never to be forgotten. Those for¬ jeeling, 7,000 feet above the sea. One passes tunate people who have seen the snow mountains many of the famous tea estates, and a few faces which are the pride of other favored places of begin to appear with that oriental cast denoting the world, have put it on record that the pano¬ that is not so far away. Darjeeling is the rama from this point far surpasses all. When it summer capital of the Government of and is understood that the range of eternal snows ex¬ the limit of British India proper. Beyond it dip tending across the whole of the northern horizon deep down the valleys of the Indian State of culminates in two groups of mountains, crowned Sikhim from which rises that most majestic of all by the highest and third highest mountain on the mountain groups, the Kangchenjunga range, 45 earth’s surface (Everest 29,002 ft.* and Kang¬ miles away. Government House is on the fore¬ chenjunga 28,156 ft.) the stupendous character of most promontory of Darjeeling and commands a the view may perhaps be realized.” marvelous view of the mountains in all directions. It was Sandakphu that was the objective of our At an official garden party on one of those pilgrimage. At the Planters Club in Darjeeling rare clear days when Kangchenjunga is in¬ where we spent two nights, the Honorary Secre¬ comparable in its beauty, an aide-de-camp of the tary and his weather-wise wife both suggested Governor turned to an American girl, who was cheerfully that it looked like a week of bad absorbed in the panorama before her, and said, weather and that we should have come up at the “Not such a bad show really, but then I suppose full of the moon. It was resolved, however, to it doesn’t compare with your mountain scenery start forth next morning on the 37-mile jaunt to in America.” She thought at first that the remark Sandakphu, 12,000 feet high. We bought some was intended as a not too subtle form of satire, more supplies and made the arrangements neces¬ but then concluded that the young man may have sary for transportation. been reading some of the railway literature on our I fortunately had as head-porter and guide, scenic West. It was probably only an example of Nima Dorje, whose “chit” book showed that he moderation in statement by one untutored in high- was of the Sherpa race and had done yeoman powered language. Percy Brown in his book on work in the 1924 Everest Expedition and all im¬ “Tours in Sikhim” in describing Sandakphu, the portant ones since. The Sherpas are subjects of best vantage point for viewing the Himalayas, but of Tibetan extraction and are con¬ shows restraint in describing this greatest uplift sidered the best of all mountaineers. Beside in the earth’s crust: Dorje and my bearer (every Westerner in India “In clear weather the sight from Sandakphu must have this personal servant whether living at home, in a hotel, club, or traveling), we had four assistant porters or coolies, three horses, each of which was accompanied by its individual syce (groom), and lastly a sweeper. The sweeper, always an Untouchable, was one of the most pic¬ turesque members of the party and was decked out quite unconsciously in our national colors, red, white, and blue. The number of our escort totaled 10, plus the three horses, and we sent them out the day before, since by using an auto¬ mobile at the start we could accomplish the first two days’ journey in one. I decided to do with this sketchy personnel of only 10, although the Deputy Commissioner had advised me not to “rough” it but to take along plenty of help. Of course, to be thoroughly staffed I should have had also a Sirdar (head boy and official guide), as well as a “tiffin” cooly whose sole task is to carry the luncheon basket and, traveling thus lightly, to keep up with us and have ready the luncheon whenever we should stop.

* Various heights are ascribed to Everest (29,002- Photo from C. A. Frost. 29,120) and other high mountains as yet unclimbed. The exact altitude cannot be known as the figure de¬ WHAT THE WELL DRESSED NEPALESE pends on the angle at which the peak is observed, the GIRL WEARS height being determined by triangulation. 386 In India one must have many servitors about, Our first day’s climb was stated to be only 10 and the subdivision of jobs is the acme of effi¬ miles, and after a few hours I began to wonder ciency. Two persons are sometimes seen guiding if the miles were like those in Sweden which are across the field an Indian plough, each holding six times the American equivalent. We had in¬ his respective handle. It takes two coolies to termittent tantalizing views of mountain slopes operate an ordinary shovel: one digs while the through the mist, and upon finally reaching Ton- other at the psychological moment pulls on a rope glu, our destination for the day at an elevation of tied to the handle. Here one has the antithesis nearly 11,000 feet, the thick clouds settled down of the Taylor system; it is an Eastern, if uncon¬ and shut us in for the night. A few sunset rays vincing, answer to the unemployment problem. We started out in the car enveloped in a thick lit up the snow on Kangchenjunga, but only Scotch mist but an occasional bright interval gave enough to make us discontented. a slight ray of hope for clearing weather. At a At Tonglu we had our introduction to that sharp turn in the road a few miles from Darjeel¬ peculiar Indian institution known as the dak ing, we saw an American car which had shortly bungalow. On this continent of great distances before gone down the ravine, a distance of 300 where Europeans number 1 in 2,000 and hotels feet, and overturned. The car appeared quite are found only in the few large and widely scat- undamaged, but we were told that two passengers had been killed. Our chauffeur assured us that the other driver was inexperienced, and, while he himself posed as competent, the incident rather spoiled the ride. After an hour and one-half we found our horses and escort waiting for us in a small village. Our visit to this village was evidently a matter of local importance as the entire community came out to see us off, but I had already seen so many millions in this vast land that such attentions were perhaps not fully appreciated. After a short so¬ journ in the country, however, one quickly con¬ cedes that nearly a fifth of the world’s population is in India. The population mounted 30,000,000 in the single decade just ended. We immediately began to climb precipitously and had the feeling of going up endless flights of Nature’s stairs. One such trip is enough to con¬ vince the layman that India is fairly well-pro¬ tected from invasion on the north. Up, up, ever wearily upward, and soon we saw Darjeeling across the valley almost within reach, so near as i f seeming to mock at the slight results of our efforts. Our horses followed their proverbial equine penchant for walking on the extreme edge of the cliff, and mine also showed unerring skill in stumbling over every pebble in the road, a con¬ stant but not always pleasing diversion with the abyss thousands of feet below. After about two hours of the journey, we stopped in a small set¬ tlement and the coolies suggested by pantomime that we needed a rest. To this we stoutly de¬ murred, although appreciative of such thoughtful¬ ness. Then, as an apparent afterthought, they murmured the word for “tea” and disappeared in a shanty. I learned later that “tea” is a euphe¬ mism for a mild liquor which is made from millet. This beverage retails at about 4 cents a quart, and induces a gentle intoxication, which the coolies Photo from C. A. Frost later betrayed by a lighthouse-keeper’s gait. MARKET DAY (SUNDAY) IN DARJEELING 387 tered cities, the authorities provide, at 10 or 12- mile intervals along the most frequented routes, these bungalows for the use of travelers as well as those on government business. A dak (rnean- ing night) bungalow is a one-story substantially built structure, and those in the Darjeeling and Sikhim regions are usually situated with a good view of the landscape. The bungalow commonly has two lied rooms and a sitting room. The equip¬ ment varies greatly, but the better ones have cut¬ lery and dishes of a kind, as well as the few indis¬ pensable articles of furniture. Some bungalows have a so-called cook but most have only a “chaukidar” (care-taker). While the bungalow offers a very welcome shelter from the elements, it does not always offer a sure retreat from the Photo from C. A. Frost attentions of the insect world. An American is "PRAYER FLAGS FLOATING FRAYED IN THE unlikely to consider this shelter Ritz-like in its BITTER BREEZE" appointments, and the cooly cook is perhaps not the last word in personal or culinary daintiness. faithful graph of the New stock market A woman in this milieu is apt to feel far indeed during the past three years. We stopped for from ideas of Good Housekeeping or the Ladies “tiffin” this day near a white stone column which Home Journal. we took for some sort of shrine, but discovered The second day was our hardest, involving 14 later that it was actually the border mark between miles of zig-zagging up-hill, then down, and again British India and Nepal. We had unwittingly still further upwards. The return journey, we taken our lunch in the forbidden Kingdom of thought, if plotted to scale should represent a Nepal, having entered this aloof land not merely without a visa but without the right to enter at all. No visas are given, since with very rare excep¬ tions foreigners are rigidly excluded, and even the quota control officer for Nepal must view his dominion from afar. One long march led through thick impenetrable bamboo glades with many strange birds of bright plumage to cheer us along the stony path. It was comforting to know that snakes and tigers numer¬ ous enough in the jungles not so many miles be¬ low had not the American urge toward upland scenery. We met a Lama priest in his red robes, with prayer wheel orthodoxically twirling in his left hand, quite indifferent to self-assured infidels, and on many hilltops stood dozens of white prayer flags their long ends floating frayed in the bitter breeze. The white pennants are inscribed with countless prayers, and it is said that to steal a flag is to render a favor since not until the flag disappears does the devout Buddhist know that his prayer has reached the diety. What a won¬ der, with all our mechanical genius and labor- saving western ways, that it has never occurred to anyone to use flags and wheels to do our pray¬ ing automatically for us. The last four miles to Sandakphu were the steepest of all, and, as one viewed from the lunch¬ eon site the final destination, the approach thereto Photo from C. A. Frost appeared neither safe nor hardly possible. The TIBETAN PRIEST (WITH PRAYER WHEEL) mists and clouds still pursued us, restricting our 388 vista to neighboring mountains, but just as we British India, Sikhim, and Nepal. Between the surmounted the last hill leading to the summit a two major massifs as far as eye could see on patch of bright blue sky appeared directly above either side of them lay revealed the entire range the goal of our long march. On ultimately at¬ of the Himalayas, stretching for hundreds of taining the top, the bright opening grew rapidly miles in an endless series of lofty peaks. The large. White fleecy clouds in huge masses began view embraced some 25 of the world’s highest to shift swiftly before our gaze with magic strides mountains. The only giant missing from the like a huge celestial stage-setting upon Olympus. group was Mt. Godwin-Austen, 28,250 feet, which In half an hour all clouds had been thrust aside is in an isolated part of Kashmir and is second and the whole glorious snowy panorama of the in altitude only to Everest. Even if one has seen Himalayas unrolled itself before us in the mag¬ the Andes, the Canadian and our own Rockies, and nificence of a perfect sunset. the mountain glories of Switzerland and , On the middle right towered to taunt the one is still unprepared for the grandeur of the heavens the stupendous Kangchenjunga group, Himalayas. It is more than piling Ossa on and to the left a mighty range of peaks, the Pelion, one must think of another Mt. Blanc atop modest middle one of which was Everest. North Mt. Blanc and then of the process infinitely re¬ and South poles have been won, but Everest, peated along the whole horizon. Self-evident be¬ supreme, remote, mysterious, remains as yet un¬ comes the appropriateness of the phrase “the roof conquered ! “As yet” is a necessary qualification, of the world.” because the British attempts to be made by air After the sun had set, we had yet to see the and land in 1933 seem to offer unusual hope of indescribable afterglow—a colored Cosmos in a success after so many valiant failures.* A few' scenic setting that was the dramatic thrill of a miles in front of Sandakphu lay Mt. Singalela, life-time. A vast cataclysm of Nature had upset which marks the boundary of the three countries: the world and all its paint-pots while the Gar-

OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, CALCUTTA, INDIA, APRIL 4, 1933 First row—Office Bearers Mahabir, Ram, Birodlti Ram, Shewprosad Panday, Brijkishore Ram, and Basir Khan. Second row—Vice Consul Donald H. Robinson, Vice Consul F. Russell Engdahl, Vice Consul Gerald Keith, Consul General Arthur C. Frost, Vice Consul J. Wesley Jones, Vice Consul Fred W. Jandrey. Third row—Miss Dorothy M. Lazar, Mrs. Irene Heberlct, Mrs. Gertrude LeFranc, Mrs. Florence Joakim, Mrs. Beatrice Rodericks, Babu Sures Chandra Datta, clerks. Fourth row—Babu Basanto Kumar Dass, Babu Prio Nath Dutt, Babu Bhupendranath Basu, Babu Jotisli Chandra Dass, Ajit Nath Mallik, clerks 389 ■JHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL gantuan brush of a heavenly artist had swept lery would not be let loose should an American across the sky. How poor are words or pigments, advertising firm one day receive an order to make when Nature becomes really lavish as she does the American people Himalaya-conscious! After upon the crest of the Asiatic continent. surveying these splendors supernal, the Foreign The next morning my tireless porter with tre¬ Service Officer with true Emersonian philosophy mendous effort aroused me at 5 :30 to behold the may well say that even a payless furlough is not predawn splendor of this tumbled world as it without its compensation. softened gradually from cold majestic beauty into a golden day. Everest from Sandakphu in the * Since above was written, both Everest and Kang- early morning is more imposing than at sunset, chenjunga have been conquered from the air. as the eastern sun seeks out and illuminates peak after peak and brings the entire triple range seem¬ ingly within grasp, although actually it is some 70 miles away. The peak of the earth’s highest THE TRAGEDY mountain is usually in cloud eclipse, and to behold (With apologies to Consul General Bowman). it clearly both at sunrise and sunset was to be doubly blessed and made amends for a week of The Little Bald Consul, (he’s grown balder still), And while he’s no quitter, mist. I could not help recalling the remark of His thoughts have grown bitter, my old Prague friend: “Comme vous avez de la He smiles—but it’s purely a matter of will; chance!” Long years he has served for inadequate pay, It is indeed an unforgettable experience to see Now look what the poor cuss is getting today! this panorama of exalted Nature in her most The Little Bald Consul, (he’s tightened his belt), heroic mood. When one considers the batteries With very good reason, of words that bombard us with the merits of a As you’ll see in season, new car or the next movie, what adjectival artil- His “Esprit de Corpse’’ is alarmingly felt. With salary reduction—promotion hopes shot, He feels (and it’s true), he’s been “Put on the Spot.”

The Little Bald Consul, (now please understand), He cannot afford. Still he’s quite in accord, Cheerfully to yield to the Government’s demand. But why was it Congress went out of its way, To saddle the Income Tax on his small pay? The Little Bald Consul, (I pray he “makes good”), There’s little remains To show for his pains, He’s taken his “cuts” as a brave soldier should. Should he have some savings, he’ll need them I guess, Since Congress won’t help, in his hour of distress.

The Little Bald Consul, (with lips pressed together), Defends like a man, The Roosevelt Plan, He’s not of the breed to display the white feather. Vacation hopes ended—and “dropped” his insurance, He knows that to win will take all his endurance.

The Little Bald Consul, (face more lined and gray), Is close to defeat, His family must eat, But how, when the dollar drops lower each day? You answer! How can he buy food and pay rent, With income reduced almost eighty percent!

The Little Bald Consul, (all joking apart), Will pull through somehow, Photo from Lynn W. Franklin He’s doing it now, GATHERING OF THE CONSULAR CORPS AT For faith in his Country is firm in his heart. AMOY, CHINA. AT THE AMERICAN CONSU¬ His watchword is “SERVICE,” not “Glory”—“Renown,” LATE, AT A LUNCHEON IN HONOR OF IN¬ The OLD FLAG can flutter—t’will never come down. SPECTOR THOMAS M. WILSON J. E. H. 390 r 1 ' j HE^MERICANpOREIGN gERVICE f JOURNAL A Political Bookshelf

By CYRIL WYNNE, Department “John Hay, From Poetry to Politics,” by Tyler Dennett. 443 pages. , Dodd, Mead and Company, 1933. In order to present an accurate study of a man that John Hay never appreciated at this time the like John Hay who was a great statesman, as well greatness of Lincoln. Dr. Dennett knocks this as an astute diplomat (the combination is not charge on the head. He states that in spite of an impossible one, although rarely found in the “marked” differences in character between the same person) the author must be a profound two men, the young secretary “did both appre¬ scholar who can assemble the documentary source ciate and understand the President” (page 49) material dealing with the subject and use it with In a letter of August 7, 1863, Hay wrote to an understanding that the material in question Nicolay, “He (Lincoln) is managing the war, the involves practical politics and international reali¬ draft, foreign relations and planning a reconstruc¬ ties as distinguished from political theory and in¬ tion of the Union all at once. . . . There is no man ternational idealism. Dr. Dennett has succeeded in the country so wise, so gentle and so firm. I in doing this in his remarkable book on John Hay. believe the hand of God placed him where he is” It is no reflection on Tyler Dennett’s ability or (page 48). Other letters written at this time con¬ scholarship to express a doubt if he could have tain statements expressing a similar estimate of accomplished his task so well, if he had not served the President. At the same time we are shown for six years in the Department of State. The that John Hay’s marked sense of humor was ever eminent historian with only an academic training in evidence. His well known references to Presi¬ and environment could never have written “John dent Lincoln as the “Tycoon,” the “Ancient” Hay, From Poetry to Politics.” The eminent (page 38) and as a “fine whack” (page 48) are eminent historian with such a training and en¬ mentioned but it is pointed out that these were vironment who had also learned to face realities used as terms of affection, as “the personal rela¬ in a Foreign Office could do it. Dennett’s work tions of Lincoln and Hay came closely to resem¬ on John Hay will live; nothing like it has ever ble those of father and son” (page 39). For the been written on the subject of one of our greatest lady of the mansion, John Hay had a different Secretaries of State. feeling; he spoke of her as “Madame” and on In the first three chapters the author gives us occasion as the “Hell-cat” (page 36). It is to be John Hay’s family background, its hereditary in¬ noted that Dr. Dennett feels that Hay “missed fluences and a delightful description of his early Lincoln’s tolerance” and that he “failed to learn life from the time (, 1838) when he Lincoln’s political sagacity” (page 49). From was “born on the authentic frontier” (page 1) his association with Lincoln, the author concludes to when “he was admitted to the bar, February that “Hay derived a large part of his capital for 4, 1860, exactly one week before his departure successful living in America. . . . But Hay added for Washington with the Lincoln entourage” to and enriched that capital with a variety of per¬ (page 33). It is interesting to note that “John sonal contributions” (page 49). was the best dressed boy in the village with a head John Hay’s early diplomatic career as Secretary full of Paradise Lost” (page 14) as it would of Legation in Paris (page 58 ff.), as Charge seem to indicate that then as in later years, John d’Affaires ad interim at the Legation in Vienna Hay the poet was ever clinging to the immacu¬ (page 64 ff.) and as Secretary of Legation at late coat-tails of John Hay who was to formu¬ (page 66 ff.) is regarded by the author late the policy of the “Open Door” and negotiate as “important not for its contribution to Amer¬ the “Canal Treaties.” At Brown, “the boys dub¬ ican history, hut as a part of the training of a bed him ‘Thaddeus of Warsaw' ” (page 20) and future Secretary of State” (page 67). Those yet in spite of or perhaps because of the attributes who delight in indicting the Department of State which go with such an undergraduate title—he on all counts will he pleased to learn that Hay stood high in his classes. “He was admitted to wrote to Nicolay from Madrid on , Phi Beta Kappa hut seems never in after life to 1869, “Our State Department is a failure, selon have dangled its key from a watch chain” (page moi. Vacillation and fuzziness seem to trail over 20). He was ever modest. everything it does” (page 67). Like so many out¬ In the fourth chapter the author discusses bursts of this kind, it was due to a failure to real¬ Hay’s service as one of Abraham Lincoln’s secre¬ ize that there were other problems before the De¬ taries. It has been charged, possibly maliciously. partment of considerably more importance than 391 the particular one in which Hay was interested quite unlikely that McKinley ever could have and that these problems' were being handled with been able to secure his confirmation to the Court marked ability by Secretary of State Hamilton of St. James and as Secretary of State, if the Fish (page 67). It is to be remembered, how¬ facts had been known” (page 115). He is of ever, that John Hay was young at the time and the opinion that the anonymous letters “reveal a was busy writing emotional passages in “Cas¬ man who lacked the courage of his convictions” tilian Days,” a work which in later years was to (page 118). With this opinion the reviewer can¬ cause him some embarrassment. not agree, nor can he agree with Dr. Dennett’s On his return from Madrid, John Hay found conclusion that “Hay failed as a social philos¬ that “the credit drawn from having once been opher” (page 118). Questions of this kind, how¬ Lincoln’s Secretary was now temporarily ex¬ ever, can be debated ad infinitum and the reader hausted” (page 70) and he decided to forsake of Chapter X of “John Hay, From Poetry to diplomacy for the career of a writer. It was, as Politics” will decide them for himself after study¬ Dr. Dennett writes, a “productive experiment” ing the author’s keen analysis of the issues (page 70). We see Hay in 1870-1871 gain “sud¬ involved. den fame and prosperity” from “Little Breeches,” In Chapter XI, with its apt title “From Poetry “Jim Bludso” and “Pike County Ballads”; these to Politics,” we see Hay back in the Department poems also came in for some bitter criticism. The of State, this time as Assistant Secretary of State. piety, or envy, of members of the holier-than- He did not want to accept the office and he re¬ thou school of thought was aroused because Hay marked that his inability to refuse made him feel wrote in “Little Breeches” that “saving a little “like a hydrophobiac on the edge of a bath tub” child” was a “derned sight better business than (page 129). As Dennett observes, it was “a mind loafing around the throne” and that although Jim at war with itself.” Hay was sworn into office Bludso had more than one wife “Christ a’int a on , 1879, and served for seventeen going to be too hard on a man that died for men” months. “He established a home at 1400 Massa¬ (page 78). Dr. Dennett agrees with Howells that chusetts Avenue, renewed his acquaintance with “in all his literary work Hay was prevalently a Henry Adams, plunged into the approaching presi¬ moralist. . . . Still the poet was the preacher” dential campaign and performed without special (page 77). John Hay’s service in New York distinction the functions of his office” (page 129). with Horace Greeley on the “Tribune” is em¬ He was 43 years of age when he resigned the As¬ phasized as here Hay was “enriched by the ex¬ sistant Secretaryship and “he did not hold again perience of sitting in an office day after day and any office except his directorship in the Western learning to gauge public opinion. . . . Perhaps Union Telegraph Company until March, 1897, there has never been a Secretary of State who when, in his fifty-ninth year, he became Ambas¬ could so quickly and clearly feel the pulse from sador to England” (page 143). his desk. . . . The Tribune years were brief, but During the “years between” Hay led, as a as a part of the education of a statesman, they whole, “a very leisurely life” (page 143). He were invaluable” (page 44). believed that he was through with politics but “in Hay’s “Social Philosophy” is discussed in Chap¬ the autumn of 1895 he returned to the great ter X, particularly in connection with his much American pastime of president-making” (page discussed and much criticized book, “The Bread 174). He was a strong supporter of McKinley, Winners, A Social Study,” which was first pub¬ whom he described as “distinguished by a great lished anonymously in the Century in 1883-1884. moral earnestness” (page 177) ; he also observed The authorship of this “study” was not officially in a letter of , 1896, to Henry Adams, disclosed “until 1907, although at the time it was “and there are idiots who think Mark Hanna will published many of its critics” guessed correctly him” (page 178). If McKinley ever saw the that Hay was the author (page 115). Hay al¬ letter it must have pleased him; he writhed under ways insisted that “the book is true and was writ¬ the Mark Hanna charge. McKinley’s inaugura¬ ten with an honest purpose” (page 114). Dr. tion as President was followed by Hay’s appoint¬ Dennett feels, however, that “the full title . . . was ment as Ambassador to Great Britain; he ar¬ bad. It was sarcastic; the book was less a social rived in London April 21, 1897, where he served study than a study of society in the higher alti¬ for 17 months. “They were the happiest months tudes” (page 107). He is probably correct in of his life” (page 181). his view that “the disclosure of the authorship of The relations between Great Britain and the the book” and two anonymous letters written by were somewhat strained at this time Hay in defense of the “study” which were also by the incident, but “it should not be published in the Century, “would have done him overlooked,” as Dennett points out, that the two (Hay) great injury; so much, in fact, that it is countries were “approaching positions where

392 they had need of each other” (page 181). Ger¬ In his treatment of the subject of Hay’s service many was “scaring England into American arms" as Secretary of State, the author maintains—and while “the United States, drifting into war with almost succeeds in proving—that the “major for¬ and so soon to take up in earnest the ques¬ eign policies” with which Hay’s name will ever be tion of an Isthmian Canal, needed a transatlantic associated were “all well defined during the Mc¬ friend” (page 181). Hay made the most of the Kinley administration” and that “it remained for situation. He began the negotiations on the im¬ the Roosevelt administration only to apply the ac¬ portant Bering Sea controversy (page 184 ff.) cepted principles” (page 312). It is but fair to which he was to continue “through several years add that this view is advanced by one who makes while Secretary of State” (page 186). He was it quite clear in all of the chapters of the book “immediately a social success. Everywhere this dealing with Hay’s work as Secretary of State, son of the American frontier was welcomed for that he is not partial to Theodore Roosevelt. his personal charm and sparkling conversation” The charge of “Anglophilism” so often made (page 187). Dr. Dennett feels that Hay’s “most against Hay is not denied by Dr. Dennett; on the important services in London were less in the contrary, he shows that there was plenty of justi¬ field of negotiation than in reporting and in the fication for it. He also shows, however, that the not easily defined duties of representation. His United States was by no means the loser because journalistic experience was invaluable” (page the Secretary of State happened to feel as he did 186). In this regard his despatches and tele¬ towards Great Britain. This is brought out in the grams to the Department on Great Britain’s atti¬ chapters “Hay and the Alaska Boundary” (XIX) tude towards the United States during the Span- and “The Hay-Pauncefote Treaties” (XXI), ish-American war remain as standing examples although in this last chapter the author’s defense of what such communications should l>e. It may of John Hay’s action in negotiating the first of not be irrelevant to add that he warned Mrs. Hay these treaties will probably not convince those "You and 1 had better have no opinion about the who believe that in this case Hay was saved by a Spanish war, except the President’s” (page 189). Senate which he hated. That Hay could go very On August 15, 1898, he received a telegram far in his admiration for British institutions is from President McKinley inviting him to become shown by his letter of July 29, 1902, congratulat¬ Secretary of State. “Hay appears to have drafted ing Balfour on being chosen Prime Minister of two replies, a declination and an acceptance” Great Britain and his “accession to the most im¬ (page 195). Dr. Dennett quotes the two replies portant official post known to modern history” and observes that they “present in the most (page 223). One can understand Thedore Roose¬ graphic way the great underlying conflict which velt’s feeling “when he happened upon the letter had embroiled Hay’s life for 40 years; on the six years later” and is “understood to have ex¬ one hand, love of ease; on the other a sense of pressed the opinion that if Hay really thought the duty” (page 196). The “acceptance” was sent position of Prime Minister more important than and on September 30, 1898, he assumed office, that of President, he was foolish” (page 223). serving for seven years, three under William Mc¬ Dennett observes, “No doubt Roosevelt was right. Kinley and four under Theodore Roosevelt. But it was out of such relationships and such con¬ Old timers in the Department of State will victions as these that John Hay made his ‘bricks read Chapter XVII, entitled “Next to the Presi¬ without straw’ and sometimes greatly to the dent,” with a pardonable moisture in their eyes, profit of his country.” as the chapter has much to say about the relations “By popular acclaim John Hay became a lead¬ between Secretary of State John Hay and Second ing statesman of the world,” Dennett writes in Assistant Secretary of State Alvey A. Adee, who his chapter (XXIV) on the “Open Door Notes.” “in all but name was the Permanent Under Secre¬ The story of the origin of these notes has been tary of State” (page 200). The association be¬ told many times but one finds after reading this tween the two men was unusually close. It is no chapter that the story as previously told was not exaggeration to say that while the credit for Hay’s complete. Whether the author is justified in stat¬ decisions on all big questions of policy belong, of ing that “the notes so long assigned to Hay and course, to him, the credit for the manner in which then to Rockhill were in substance the Hippislev the Department functioned in the carrying out of notes” (page 290) is a matter of opinion; Den¬ those decisions was due to Adee, whose “inti¬ nett makes it clear, however, that Alfred E. Hip- mate knowledge of the tiller” caused Hay to pay pisley, an Englishman who had served in the In¬ him a well deserved tribute in a charming little spectorate of Maritime Customs in China, played verse which is quoted on page 201 of this chapter. quite a part in the origin of the notes. John flay May the Adee tradition of service and all that it was the man, however, who sent the notes to the means ever remain with the Department of State. powers and John Hay was the man who “not-

393 withstanding . . . qualifications and hedging . . . calmly announced in a circular March 20, 1900, The first regular session of the present Congress, by that all the powers had assented to his proposal the way, opens on Wednesday, January 3, under the oper¬ and that in each case he considered the assent ation of the so-called lame duck amendment to the Con¬ 'final and definitive’” (page 293). One can stitution. The amendment provides that “the Congress understand that after such an exhibition of sub¬ shall assemble at least once in every year and such meet¬ ing shall begin at noon on the third day of January, un¬ lime assurance the American people discovered less they shall by law appoint a different day.” Congress that their new hero was an old friend and that has passed no law so far relating to this change in the "the author of ‘Jim Bludso’ had saved China—- date of the opening of the regular sessions of Congress. that was the way the public took it” (page 295). However, it is not unlikely that at the coming session a To be sure, “it would have taken more than a law will be passed and provision made for a different day lawyer to define what new rights had been recog¬ in the event that January 3 falls on Sunday. Since the nized, or even what had been actually said, but new constitutional amendment provides specifically that the terms of members of Congress shall expire at noon on such comment is beside the point. These notes the third day of January of years in which such terms had not been put forward by a lawyer as a con¬ would have ended if the amendment had not been ratified, tribution to the law of nations but by a publicist to it seems quite clear that no date can be fixed for a meet¬ crystallize public opinion” (page 293). And Hay ing of a new Congress prior to January 3, unless the Con¬ did it. Perhaps the public was not so wrong in stitution should again be amended. In other words, the reciting in 1900 the verses of the poem which first meeting of the new Congress can not be held until their fathers had declaimed 30 years before. A January 3, although Congress might by law provide for a later meeting of the Congress. The same lame duck diplomat proclaimed the policy of the “open amendment provides that the terms of office of the Presi¬ door” but one may be pardoned for wondering if dent and Vice president shall begin on January 20, in¬ the author of the ballad about the man of the stead of March 4. The newly-elected Congress will can¬ western frontier who in spite of certain irregu¬ vass the electoral vote for President and Vice President, larities in his manner of living “died for men,” instead of the old Congress, and for that purpose the meeting of the new Congress prior to the inauguration of did not have something to do with the proclaim¬ the President and Vice President was provided in the ing of that policy. constitutional amendment.—The Washington Star.

STAFF, AMERICAN LEGATION, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA Left to right—Major Arthur R. Harris, Military Attache; Edward G. Trucblood; Secretary of Legation; Charles C. Ebcrhardt, American Minister; Harry F. Scott, Doorman; F. Percy Scott, Clerk; Ben Zwcig, Clerk 394 The Zuider Zee Dam

By HALLETT JOHNSON, Counselor of Legation, The Hague, Netherlands THE great dam which will make it possible fishermen would be cared for by the Government to reclaim most of the land covered by the and that the total land reclaimed would support Zuider Zee has now been completed and one half a million people. He added that since the can motor across it, thus cutting in half the dis¬ population of Holland increased by 100,000 every tance by land from to Friesland. A few months ago, just before the completion of the year and 5,000 acres are lost to agriculture dam, the present Prime Minister Dr. Colijn in¬ through the building of houses, roads; etc., this vited my wife and myself and Commander and addition to the agricultural soil of the country is Mrs. Magruder to accompany him on a trip almost a necessity. Moreover, the great Ijssel through the reclaimed “polders.” We left The Meer will form a huge fresh water lake inside Hague early in the morning by train and after reaching the Island of Wieringen, where the Ger¬ the dam and provide much needed fresh water for man Crown Prince lived for some years, took a irrigation purposes. boat and coasted along the great 18-mile dam The new land takes an astonishingly short time until we arrived at the last gap, which then con¬ sisted of only a few hundred yards. Work was in to become useful, since innumerable ditches are full swing and huge cranes were dumping boulder dug through it and the rain washes the salt out clay, a material of great solidity which was of the soil in a very short time. washed down to Holland from the Norwegian mountains in the glacial age, into the gap. A storm of the previous day had washed away a hundred yards of the foundation of the dam. Water was roaring through the gap and it seemed a herculean task to complete the work. Now that the dam has been closed an area of over one-half million acres will increase by one- twelfth the arable land of Holland. One division or polder has already been drained by means of an interior dam and 50,000 acres which two years ago were under water are now growing barley, other grains, and tulips. Five years ago a hun¬ dred-acre area was drained in order to test the possibilities of the soil and this experience has proved invaluable. Not only is the ground of the new polder under cultivation but three villages are under course of construction. One practically finished has attractive brick houses with gardens Photo by Hallett Johnson which had cost only 2,000 florins to erect and CLOSING OF THE GREAT DAM ACROSS THE which were rented to farm laborers at 80 cents a ZUIDER ZEE week. The Dutch with their strong religious sense, have already erected in this village, so re¬ cently a part of the ocean’s bed, a Catholic, a Reformed, and a Dutch Reformed church. In In the September, 1933, issue of The National the polder immediately south of the one already Geographic Magazine there appeared an excellent reclaimed lies the remains of a Spanish fleet sunk article by }. C. M. Kruisinga entitled “A New in 1573. In this connection it is interesting to re¬ Country Awaits Discovery: The Draining of the member that the entire Spanish armada had a Zuider Zee makes room for the Excess popula¬ tonnage not in excess of that of the transatlantic tion of the Netherlands.” The illustrations in liner Majestic. that article are, as is usual in that publication, We asked Dr. Colijn what would become of all wonderfully fine and should he noted in connec¬ the fishermen who earned their livelihood on the tion with Mr. Hallett Johnson’s concise little Zuider Zee. The Minister replied that the 4,000 article in this issue. 395 The Jefferson Memorial In Wales

By CORABELLE A. HOLLAND (Mrs. Philip Holland) , England ON THE EVENING of September 6 there tory; of a line from one of his native poets, or was a gathering at the ancient village of some great epic handed down through his wealth Glynceiriog, in the midst of the Cieriog of legends from the early dawn of the Celtic race. Valley of Wales. There is small wonder that these people have, There, in the Institute—the gift of Sir Alfred gradually, spread throughout the world and that T. Davies—a tablet to the memory of Thomas Jef¬ their national traits, merged as they may be with ferson was unveiled with ceremonies befitting an those of so many other peoples, have, neverthe¬ occasion of international friendship and good-will. less, retained their ancient stamp ingrained by un¬ The people of Wales with their glorious his¬ told centuries among these hills and valleys. tory of heroism and adventure; their love of both To the American of today, the child of all the political and religious freedom, and their ever nations in these Islands, it is perhaps not too much restless ambition to seek new lands have gone out to say that those age-old characteristics, revealed to all parts of the world, and have left the imprint at once in a nation so youthful in the history of of their strong individuality upon newer nations our civilization, are the direct inheritance of those and among the peoples of widely scattered groups Welsh pioneers who early founded homes in the all over the earth. colonies and have throughout our national life The westward trek of the ancient Britons be¬ played so large a part in the building of our gun before the advancing Roman Legions, has Republic. continued for more than a thousand years, carry¬ Of these Thomas Jefferson stands as a worthy ing ever with them across the seas and into the representative both of the heroic history of his trackless wilderness their home-building instincts, Welsh ancestors and of his own surroundings at their passionate loyalty, and boundless capacity the very threshold of a vast continent whose for civilization. struggles for, and maintenance of, liberty he fore¬ During the 150 years of British settlement in saw, and in whose cause he gave his life’s work. the American colonies, the Welsh emigrated in The Jefferson family emigrated early to Vir¬ large numbers, settling in the fertile valleys of ginia and acquired extensive land, so that by the the Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Florida. time of Thomas Jefferson’s birth in 1743 several But most of all, these sturdy pioneers were at¬ generations had been born in Virginia and there tracted to the hills and vales of Virginia, per¬ was left on record only Jefferson’s statement later haps because the broad green meadows, the in life that his family had come from Snowdonia wooded hills and the smiling valleys bore a strong and had ever spoken with pride of their Welsh resemblance to those natural beauties of their descent. native land, and thus lessened those pangs of And now, nearly 200 years after his birth, an¬ homesickness from which the settler, resolute other Welshman, proud of his lineage in the an¬ though he be, must inevitably suffer. cient Principality, Sir Alfred T. Davies, conceived The Ceiriog Valley, or Dyffryn Cieriog in their the idea of placing a tablet in Wales, to the mem¬ own tongue, which the Welsh declare is as wine ory of that Welsh colonial who was a Virginian, to water when compared with English, cuts deep and who became one of that heroic group of first into the very heart of Weish nationalism; it epito¬ citizens in the young American Republic. mises their history and holds within its depths as The American residents of Liverpool eagerly well as on its heights, the characteristics which rallied to this happy suggestion of the memorial have shaped this sturdy, virile race. Fight is in tablet, sending their contributions to the Amer¬ their blood as well as quiet, stubborn resistance; ican Consul-General so that the gift might be a certain proud withdrawal from outsiders, such theirs; and the honor they might, in their way, as characterizes all mountain people, and, at the share with the people of Glynceiriog, who have same time, an openheartedness and hospitality placed the memorial in their midst. which has outlasted centuries of strife and has en¬ The Institute, a well-built structure, the archi¬ dured throughout the generations of those Welsh tecture of which fits into the picturesque back¬ colonists who have gone into all parts of the new ground, is designed as a gathering place for the world. people of the Valley, and in it they have placed Every natural feature of the valley reminds the memorials to many of the great Welshmen who Welshman of some deed of might in his past his- have made their names famous in the annals of 396 their own Empire, as well as those who have gone memorial tablet of polished mahogany with afar into distant lands. Here, with Myddelton, deeply cut lettering in gold leaf. whose genius constructed the first great water sys¬ The Lord-Lieutenant, Colonel Williams-Wynn, tem for London; with the poet, Ceiriog, the Rob¬ and the High Sheriff of the county, Mr. Charles ert Burns of Wales; with Bishop William Mor¬ B. C. Storey, were present and the memorial was gan, the early translator of the Bible, has been accepted as a token of the friendship existing be¬ given this tribute of Americans to their own Jef¬ tween the people of this old Principality and the ferson, the founder of their University of Vir¬ descendants of those who pushed ever onwards, ginia, the third President of the United States, across the seas, to a new world wherein to estab¬ and the author of the masterly Declaration of In¬ lish afresh their passion for liberty, equality and dependence, a copy of which hangs beside the brotherhood. tablet. The Consul-General in Liverpool and his fam¬ ily ; the Consul at Manchester and Mrs. Thom¬ CONTENTS son; Vice Consul and Mrs. Hubbard; Vice Con¬ PAGE sul and Mrs. Watson; six members of the staff of the Liverpool consulate, and sixteen American AN EXCURSION TOWARDS EVEREST—By residents of Liverpool, made a representative Arthur C. Frost 385 party who came together to honor the memory of Thomas Jefferson and to express their apprecia¬ THE TRAGEDY (Poem)—By J. E. H 390 tion of the honor given to him in the land of his A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF (Review of “John ancestors. Hay, From Poetry to Politics”)—By Cyril Sir Alfred Davies read the following communi¬ Wynne 391 cation from the American Ambassador, the Hon¬ orable R. W. Bingham: THE ZUIDER ZEE—By Hallett Johnson 395 “Thomas Tefferson. whose father. Peter Teffer- THE JEFFERSON MEMORIAL IN WALES—By son, was Welsh, and whose mother, Jane Ran¬ Corabelle Holland (Mrs. Philip Holland) 396 dolph, was of English descent, proved worthy of the highest traditions of both Wales and England. TABLE OF CONTENTS 397 “In the American Declaration of Independence BY THE WAY 398 Jefferson expressed the principles of political TEN YEARS AGO 398 freedom which for centuries had been the goal of his forbears. In the statute of Virginia for WASHINGTON NEWS ITEMS 399 religious freedom, later incorporated into the Con¬ NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 402 stitution of the United States, Jefferson played a leading part in establishing in the United States FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 404 the removal of all disabilities on account of re¬ THE —By Paul W. Eaton... 406 ligion, and the establishment of complete free¬ dom of religious worship, and pointed the way to BIRTHS 410 the adoption, at a later date, of complete religious MARRIAGES 410 freedom in the home of his ancestors. VISITORS’ REGISTER 410 “The honor you pay to the memory of Thomas Jefferson will be received with pride and gratifica¬ IN MEMORIAM 411 tion by my countrymen, and will serve to draw PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CHANGES 411 nearer the ties of understanding and good will between Britain and the United States which now LETTERS 415 exist, and which must always be maintained.” The American Consul-General in Liverpool de¬ livered an address in which he spoke of Jefferson’s Mr. and Mrs. Augustus E. Ingram returned to character as revealed in the different phases of Washington during the closing days of September, his long and varied life; of his statesmanship; after a very pleasant and interesting visit to Spain his gracious hospitality, and his patience as leader, and . It was very delightful for them counselor, and friend of the people whom he to meet so many members of the Service in those served. countries, and it is a matter of regret that space At the conclusion of his speech the Consul- will not permit of a recital of the many kindnesses General lifted an American flag, revealing the received. 397 >pHE^MERICAN JfOKEIGNgEKVICE JOURNAL

THE TEN YEARS AGO The opening article in the November, 1923, issue of the American Consular Bul¬ letin was an extract from an address made at Yale by the Secretary of State, Honorable Charles Evans Hughes, entitled “Problems PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN for Universities and Colleges.” In this SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. thoughtful address he said : The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly To the extent that the University merely repro¬ by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed duces the rush, the hustle, and the rapid give and by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also open to private subscription in the United States and abroad take of life, to the extent that it fails to yield at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 85 cents a copy, payable to the serenity and reflection, it sacrifices its great capac¬ American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, ity for service in a tumultuous world. The true Washington, D. C. victories of life go to the men of mastery and dis¬ Copyright, 1933, by the American Foreign Service Association criminating judgment. It is the business of our universities and colleges to produce them. JOURNAL STAFF From the address is also taken this state¬ AUGUST E. INGRAM Editor ment which is so applicable to present day PAUL H. ALLING conditions: WALTER S. FOOTE.... j- Editorial Board If democracy is to achieve its aims, if peace LOWELL C. PINKERTON among the nations is to be assured, it will depend HENRY S. VILLARD... upon the supremacy of the disposition to be reason¬ HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business able and just; that is upon the influence of rea¬ CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer sonable men. Of interest to Foreign Service officers As will be noted from the above list, the Execu¬ who have the settlement of estates of de¬ tive Committee has appointed Mr. Harry A. ceased Americans was a reprint of an article McBride as Business Manager of the JOURNAL, from The Washington Post on how the to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. George Tait’s Government cares for the unclaimed residue of such estates. departure for Paris, . Mr. McBride’s ac¬ ceptance of this position is a matter of congratu¬ Another article well worth reading again lation, for it was through his efforts as Business was one entitled “Food for Thought?” or Manager, commencing in January, 1922, that the the responsibility of consular officers in re¬ plying to trade letter inquiries. Saying that American Consular Bulletin began its successful “the trade inquiry is the direct wire from publication in Washington (prior to that time it the desk of the consul to the desk of the was published in ). We therefore taxpayer at home,” the question is asked, freely predict that with his experience the JOUR¬ “has your office been honest with the tax¬ payer and made the information given NAL will enter on a new era of prosperity, or shall worth the sum expended” (for cost of sta¬ we say “a .” The hearty cooperation of tionery, mailing, etc., which if the letter has the Service with his efforts will he greatly appre¬ been addressed to many consulates may be ciated, not only in the increase of new subscribers, considerable). hut also in advising him of new fields to be A quotation from Lord Newton’s biog¬ covered by advertisements and suggestions of raphy of Lord Lyons, British Ambassador firms that might he approached. to the United States before and during the Civil War, is worth repeating; he said : As will also lie noted from the above list, an “I learned no more valuable lesson while working Editorial Board has been appointed by the Execu¬ under Lord Lyons than that every letter received tive Committee so as to supplement the work of must be answered, and the answer must be said in form and well considered in substance whatever the Editor. Later when the Board has fully or¬ might be the ignorance, the petulance, or the ex¬ ganized, an announcement will be made of their travagance of the writer to whose letter you were proposed activities to make the JOURNAL more replying.” interesting and useful. 398 President Roosevelt, in his address at the an¬ Assistant Secretary and Mrs. Harry E. Payer nual dinner of the national conference of Catholic have moved from the Wardman Park Hotel to charities held in New York on , said the house at 1521 New Hampshire Avenue, home that the depression had rekindled America’s pio¬ of Mrs. John R. Williams, which they have neer spirit, and that “we have insisted that this leased. shall always be a spirit of justice, a spirit of teamwork, a spirit of sacrifice, and, above all, a spirit of neighborliness.” He further said that The Assistant Secretary, Mr. Robert Walton “no program of recovery can suddenly restore all Moore, and his sisters, the Misses Moore, will our people to self-support. This is the time when reside during the winter at their home in Fairfax, you and I know that though we have proceeded a Va., which is only 15 miles from Washington. portion of the way, the longer, harder part still lies ahead; and that it is for us to redouble our efforts to care for those who must still depend upon relief , to prevent the disintegration of home life, and to stand by the victims of the depression until it is definitely past.” In conclusion he said, “I can never express in words what the loyalty and trust of the nation have meant to me. Not for a moment have I doubted that we would climb out of the valley of gloom. Always have I been certain that we would conquer, because the spirit of America springs from faith—faith in the be¬ loved institutions of our land, and a true and abid¬ ing faith in the divine guidance of God.” It has been announced that the Secretary of State will leave Washington on to . attend the Pan-American Conference at Monte¬ video. The Undersecretary of State and Mrs. William Phillips have taken possession of the house at 2929 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., which was formerly the Hungarian Legation.

Assistant Secretary and Mrs. Wilbur J. Can- returned to Washington early last month after a motor trip through New England. During their trip they visited Mr. and Mrs. Keith Merrill at Underwood & Underwood Pride’s Crossing, and Mr. and Mrs. Horace Lee ROBERT WALTON MOORE Washington at York Village, Maine. Assistant Secretary of State 399 fJTHE^MERICAN ^OREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Mr. Fay A. Desportes, of Winnsboro, S. C., It is reported that his surprise was so great recently appointed American Minister to , that he immediately stated that he did not want left for his post on , accompanied by a promotion and was averse to assuming the re¬ his wife and two sons. Mr. Desportes, who was sponsibility of the position although he appreci¬ born June 16, 1890, has been active in business. ated the honor. However, with his usual loyalty Commencing at the age of 21 as a member of the he finally acceded to the wishes of the Department City Council, he afterwards served in the State and his hopes for a generous holiday have House of Representatives of South Carolina, and vanished. later was elected to the State Senate. 1 le was a delegate to the Chicago Democratic Convention Former Consul General Gabrial Bie Ravndal, and was Speaker for the Majority Report of the writing last September from Farnborough, Hants, Platform Committee at Chicago. England, said that before returning to the LTnited States next spring he was planning to spend some Mr. Hal H. Sevier (Henry Hulrne Sevier) re¬ time “exploring the libraries of Vienna,” and that cently appointed Minister to Chili, was born at his address until then would be “Care of the Columbia, Tenn., March 16, 1878. His resi¬ American Consulate General, Vienna, .” dence is at Austin, Texas. He was a member of the Texas Legislature from 1902 to 1906. He Mr. James Marion Baker, of South Carolina, was the editor and publisher of the Austin Texas recently appointed American Minister to Siam, American until 1917. In more recent years he sailed from San Francisco for his new post on has traveled extensively, and done considerable October 12. Before leaving Washington he was literary work. entertained at luncheon by the Minister of Siam and Princess Darnras. Mr. Meredith Nicholson, recently appointed American Minister to , spent about two Thomas L. Hughes, newly appointed Commer¬ weeks in the Department, in the Division of Latin- cial Attache of the American Legation at Vienna, American Affairs, before proceeding to his post. Austria, sailed from New York on Everybody was impressed by his pleasing per¬ by the steamship “Manhattan,” accompanied by sonality and also by his charming wife, to whom Mrs. Hughes. Mr. Hughes has been on duty in he was married in Washington during his period Washington. of instruction, ft is a source of gratification to have such a distinguished member of another pro¬ fession join the American Foreign Service, for Mr. Raymond C. Miller, former Commercial Mr. Nicholson’s success as a novelist is so well Attache at Brussels has been transferred to Wash¬ known; our readers will especially recall “The ington with the Agricultural Adjustment Ad¬ House of a Thousand Candles.” Out of his ex¬ ministration, and with Mrs. Miller has taken the periences in Paraguay perhaps we may hope some residence of the late Judge Mallowney at 6300 day for a book which would be a combination of Connecticut Avenue. his style with the interest of that famous novel about Paraguay by Edward Lucas White, “El His many friends will be glad to learn that Mr. Supremo.” Freeman FI. Matthews has completely recovered from his severe motor accident which occurred In connection with the appointment of Mr. early in the summer and he has been back at his Thomas M. Wilson as Chief of the Division of desk in the Division of Latin-American Affairs Foreign Service Personnel, it has just leaked out for the past month. that when he was ordered to the Department some months ago “for consultation” he anticipated that Charles Denby, who was Chief Clerk of the after his arrival he would probably get a nice rest Department of State from November, 1905, to and vacation of 45 days before returning to his April, 1907, and who had a long career in the inspection work. Foreign Service commencing in China in 1885, Alas for plans and visions—he was met at the and terminating in 1915 when he resigned as steamer in New York by a representative of the Consul General at Vienna, called at the Depart¬ Department who informed him that the President ment recently to see some of his old friends. Mr. had some days previously directed his promotion and Mrs. Denby have been living abroad the past to Class 1 and that he was to report to Wash¬ two years, spending one winter at Nice and an¬ ington at once in order to prepare himself to take other in Mallorca; they also made two prolonged charge of the Personnel office. visits to Ireland to be with their son, James Orr 400 Denby, who is first secretary of the American It will be a pleasure to very many in the Service Legation at Dublin, and his wife. Mr. and Mrs. to know that Mrs. Hengstler, mother of the Chief Denby have reopened their house at 2329 Cali¬ of the Division of Foreign Service Administra¬ fornia Street, N. W. tion, who suffered a severe illness this past sum¬ mer, has now regained her health, and it is hoped that she will soon be as active as ever. Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Mahin have returned The JOURNAL desires to extend its hearty con¬ to their apartment in the “Woodley” after a visit gratulations to The National Geographic Maga¬ of three or four months with relatives and friends zine upon its issue of October, 1933. While the in England and Holland, where Mr. Mahin had articles published in that magazine are always re¬ been stationed for many years as American markably interesting and the illustrations of out¬ Consul. standing beauty, the color work in the illustra¬ tions has been steadily improving in quality until Miss Margaret Halstead, daughter of Albert in the October issue it reaches a height of sur¬ Halstead, former American Consul General at passing excellence. As an accompaniment to the London, after her New York success in the Met¬ article on “Life on the Argentine Pampa” by ropolitan Opera Company, recently made her Frederick Simpich appeared a series of eight re¬ debut as guest singer at the State Opera in Ber¬ productions in color of remarkable paintings by lin. Her beautiful soprano voice and easy adapta¬ Senor Cesareo Bernaldo de Quiros, the Argen¬ tion to the ensemble completely charmed tine artist, recording the romantic gaucho life as her audience. Miss Halstead not many weeks ago lived from 1850 to 1870. As one art critic has was signally honored with a special decoration in remarked, “The color work of the whole series is recognition of her great musical ability. admirable, and for sheer vivid attraction in illus¬ tration nothing has ever appeared in America to equal Plates VI and VII, which make a magnifi¬ The Women of the American Foreign Service cent double page.” met for luncheon at 1 o’clock on Wednesday, , at The Highlands. The JOURNAL went to press too early for a report of the at¬ The Social Science Research Council, 230 Park tendance at that luncheon, but in the next issue Avenue, New York City, announces the offer it is hoped there will be such a report. The sched¬ for 1934-35 of Grants-in-Aid of Research in the ule of luncheons for the winter season is as fol¬ Social Sciences, “including economics; social, eco¬ lows : December 6, January 10, February 7. March 7, April 11, and May 9. nomic and political history; political science; so¬ cial psychology; sociology; cultural anthropology; statistics; and social aspects of related disci¬ The regular Wednesday luncheons of the For¬ plines,” which grants are available to mature eign Service, held at the Racquet Club, 1135 Six¬ scholars, without reference to age, whose capacity teenth Street, N. W., commenced October 25, for productive research has been effectively 1933. demonstrated by published work. Closing date These luncheons will be held each Wednesday for receipt of applications, February 1, 1934. at 1 p. m. All Foreign Service Officers, retired The Council also offers Research Fellowships officers, all officers of the Department of State in the Social Sciences (as above detailed), open and others interested are cordially invited to at¬ to men and women, citizens of the United States tend these luncheons. There will be no speeches or , who possess the Ph.D. degree or its and the usual informality will be observed, the equivalent in training and experience, and who purpose being to enable visiting officers to meet ordinarily are not over 35 years of age. Closing their retired and active colleagues and to enable date for receipt of applications, December 1, 1933. those on duty in the Department of State, through these informal gatherings, to increase esprit de Further information and application forms may corps and good fellowship. be obtained from the Council at the above ad¬ dress. In making initial inquiry, in regard to the grants, mention should be made of previous re¬ Former Consul General and Mrs. Charles S. search experience, nature of project, and amount Winans recently returned to Washington, having of aid required; while, in regard to the Research spent the summer in Michigan, with visits to Chi¬ Fellowships, age, academic qualification, and pro¬ cago and the peninsular of Green Bay, Wis. gram of study should be specifically indicated. 401 News Items From The Field

PARIS On September 23, 1933, a formal dinner was given in honor of Consul General John E. Kehl, The Public Ledger, in its issue of upon his retirement from the American Foreign , 1933, published the following tele¬ Service, by the Consular Corps of Hamburg— graphic news item from its Foreign Service: consisting of representatives from 50 countries— PARIS, October 7.—Alexander Montgomery together with the local American business com¬ Thackara, former United States Consul General munity. The affair was a remarkable and strik¬ in Paris, a native of Philadelphia, who is a per¬ ing attestation of the esteem and affection held manent resident at the American Hospital, a few for Consul General Kehl by his colleagues and days ago celebrated his 85th birthday. Anybody under 75 is a young man to him. fellow citizens residing in the old Hanseatic port. His birthday party was attended by the oldsters Over 60 guests assembled at the famous Uhlen- of the American colony of Paris. Mr. Thackara horster Fahrhaus, one of Hamburg’s most notable chatted of the years that he behind him—all the landmarks where Ambassadors, world flyers, way back to his graduation from the Naval Acad¬ famous army officers and other distinguished emy in 1869, his retirement from the manufactur¬ citizens have, since the war, been received and ing business at Philadelphia 1897, and his bicycle honored by the Hamburg community. trips over with his late wife, who was a Consul General Moulaert, doyen of the Ham¬ daughter of General William T. Sherman. burg Consular Corps, expressed the great regret with which his colleagues witnessed the departure of Consul General Kehl, the outstanding position HAMBURG he had held in the community during his tour of SEPTEMBER 20, 1933. service in Hamburg and particularly mentioned the unusual fact that out of Mr. Kehl’s 36 years Prior to the departure from Hamburg of Con¬ sul General and Mrs. John E. Kehl, who have voluntarily requested to be retired on September 30, the}- have been widely entertained by their many friends and official associates. The Ham¬ burg Consular Corps, said to be the largest in the world, is giving a testimonial dinner on Septem¬ ber 22. The accompanying picture shows Con¬ sul General Kehl with the autographed portrait? of the eight Presidents under whom his 36 years of service were spent.

Recent notable visitors in Hamburg have in¬ cluded Consul General and Mrs. Frank C. Lee, Prague, and their daughter, en route to the United States on leave; Consul Walter A. Leonard, Bre¬ men; Consul Sydney B. Redecker, Frankfort-on- Main, who also visited friends in Copenhagen before sailing on the Washington for home leave; Mrs. Ralph C. Busser, wife of Consul Busser, Leipzig; and Capt. and Mrs. James C. Crockett and daughter, en route to Berlin where Capt. Crockett is Assistant Military Attache. CONSUL GENERAL JOHN E. KEHL J. H. B. Hamburg, September 1, 1933 402 of service, over 23 years had been passed in the son are doing their best to improve the standard Reich, accounting for the extraordinary under¬ of tennis of the Consulate. standing he possessed of German mentality and J. P. M. customs. Consul General Paredes of Venezuela stressed the very cordial relations which Consul General BUDAPEST Kehl had made a point of maintaining with his One of the pleasant experiences which come to numerous South and Central American colleagues Foreign Service officers in their travels is the and added that this friendliness and sympathetic meeting of other travelers who know some of fellow feeling, which they all sincerely returned, your colleagues. As a general rule, as soon as was the most useful and worthwhile means for you tell a person who has traveled abroad that bringing about a true confraternity between the you are an American Consular officer he imme¬ Latin American republics and the United States. diately knows some one you know. On the S. S. Consul General Guttmann, of Roumania, secretary President Harding the other day I met a man of the Corps Consulaire of Hamburg, and a lead¬ (his name I cannot recall) who said he had gone ing local business man, emphasized the under¬ to school in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, with Joe standing Mr. Kehl possessed of the interests and Ballantine, and he wanted to know where Joe was needs of the important and powerful commercial stationed and where he had been in recent years. community of Hamburg and the high regard in Captain Cumings was especially interested in which he was held by leaders of Hanseatic finan¬ hearing about Lowell C. Pinkerton. The first cial and business circles. officer, Mr. Freeman, knew Mr. and Mrs. George Mr. Steinway, of the world famous piano Orr very well as they sat at his table on two occa¬ manufacturing concern of Steinway & Sons, New sions. He also asked about Mr. Eberhardt, whom York, spoke in behalf of the American business he had met in the days when the Minister was community in Hamburg. In a most moving talk, doing so much traveling. On the train from Paris he endeavored to indicate to Mr. Kehl the affec¬ to Budapest, I met Mr. Morgan Heiskell, who tion held for him by the Americans in Hamburg said he was an old friend of Mr. Byington, hav¬ and their appreciation of his efforts to promote ing known him during all the years he was “Hon¬ American trade and his constant vigilence in pro¬ orary Mayor of .” tecting their interests. When Mr. Chas. L. Turrill, U. S. Treasury- Other speakers of the evening were Consul Representative, called at the office the day after General Pyke of Great Britain, Vice Consul my arrival at my post, he inquired especially after Stevne of the United States and Mr. Heinlein, Rudy Schoenfeld and Mr. Dumont, expressing who spoke in behalf of the old American resi¬ the opinion that the latter had had more than his dents of Hamburg. share of Revolutions. A. N. S. J. B. S. (Consul General James B. Stewart, in sending MARSEILLE the foregoing to a friend in the Department, said he and his family had a good crossing—blue SEPTEMBER 26, 1933. skies and smooth seas. After a few days in Consul General Ives and Mrs. Ives sailed from Paris, they went on to Budapest, arriving there Marseille for Algeria on September 21 after pass¬ September 19.) ing a few days on the Riviera.

Consul General Maynard, who had learned of NAPLES his transfer to Copenhagen while on leave of ab¬ SEPTEMBER 26, 1933. sence, sailed for on September 8, with The Honorable Lincoln MacVeagh, American Mrs. Maynard, whence he will depart for his new Minister to , arrived in Naples on August post at Copenhagen in the course of the next few 28, accompanied by Mrs. and Miss MacVeagh. weeks. They sailed from Naples on August 31 on the Aventino for Piraeus, en route to Athens. Consul John G. Erhardt passed through Mar¬ While here they visited Solfatara, Baia and Cumae seille on September 16 on his way to Bordeaux. and other places of interest. Consul Erhardt has been transferred to Ham¬ Dr. Henry C. Taylor, American member of burg and will proceed to his new post in a few the International Institute of Agriculture in weeks. Rome, accompanied by Mrs. Taylor and their Vice Consul Tyler Thompson and Mrs. Thomp¬ (Continued to page 412) 403 rJtHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL

FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES Released for publication, , 1933 Released for publication, September 23, 1933 The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since October 7, 1933: The following changes have occurred in the William K. Ailshie, of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, Amer¬ Foreign Service since September 16, 1933: ican Vice Consul at Batavia, Java, now in the United Sidney H. Browne, of Short Hills, N. J., American States, assigned Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland. Vice Consul at Rotterdam, Netherlands, now in the Hiram Bingham, Jr., of New Haven, Conn., American United States, assigned Vice Consul at Batavia, Java. Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland, designated Third Secre¬ Leo J. Callahan, of Dorchester, Mass., American Con¬ tary of Embassy at London, England. sul at Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa, assigned Consul at J. Holbrook Chapman, of Washington, D. C., Amer¬ Aden, Arabia. ican Consul at Nagoya, Japan, assigned Consul at . Ray Fox, of Glenn, Calif.. American Consul at Aden, assigned Consul at Berlin, . Eugene M. Hinkle, of New York City, Second Secre¬ Harold Shantz, of Rochester, N. Y., American Con¬ tary of Embassy at Istanbul, , now in the United sul at Barcelona, Spain, now temporarily at the Amer¬ States, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at ican Legation at Prague, Czechoslovakia, assigned Con¬ Buenos Aires, Argentina. sul at Nairobi. Richard S. Huestis, of Ticonderoga, N. Y., American Vice Consul at Kingston, Jamaica, now in the United States, having been appointed a Secretary in the Diplo¬ Released for publication, September 30, 1933 matic Service of the United States, designated Third Secretary of Embassy at Warsaw, Poland. The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since September 23, 1933: Richard M. de Lambert, of Raton, New Mexico, a Foreign Service Officer assigned to the Department of State, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Lima, Peru. Banking Service Samuel S. Dickson, of Gallup, New Mexico, Second Secretary of Legation at Helsingfors, Finland, desig¬ nated Second Secretary of Embassy at Habana, Cuba, To Foreign Service Officers instead of Warsaw, Poland, as previously assigned. Guy W. Ray, of Wilsonville, Ala., American Vice Consul at London, England, assigned to the Department of State for duty. George Tait, of Monroe, Va., a Foreign Service Of¬ ficer assigned to the Department of State, assigned With over forty-one years American Consul at Paris, France.' experience in banking and trust business, we offer every financial Released for publication, October 7, 1933 facility to those in the Foreign Service. The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since September 29, 1933: A banking connection in Wash¬ Roy E. B. Bower, of California, American Consul at ington, D. C., with this Institu¬ Singapore, Straits Settlements, assigned Consul at Stock¬ holm, Sweden. tion will be a source of satisfac¬ Morris N. Hughes, of Champaign, 111., American Vice tion while on duty at a foreign Consul and Third Secretary of Legation at Baghdad, post. Iraq, designated Third Secretary of Embassy at Tokyo, Japan. Douglas James, of , N. Y., Foreign Service Officer in the Department of State, assigned American Vice Consul at Beirut, Syria, resigned from the Service September 22, 1933. AMERICAN SECURITY John H. Madonne, of Waco, Texas, American Vice / - AND TRUST COMPAVY • j Consul at Warsaw, Poland, assigned Vice Consul at Beirut, Syria. 15th and Penna. Ave. William W. Early, of Aulander, N. C., Foreign Service Officer, retired, died on September 28, 1933. Four Branches Non-Career Capital, $3,400,000 Jones R. Trowbridge, of Augusta, Ga., clerk in the Surplus, $3,400,000 American Legation, Bogota, , appointed Vice WASHINGTON’S LARGEST Consul at Cartagena, Colombia. Stephen C. Worster, of Maine, American Vice Consul TRUST COMPANY at Cartagena, Colombia, appointed Vice Consul at Bogota. 404 Karl de G. MacVitty, of Chicago, 111., American Con¬ sul at Capetown, , assigned Con¬ sul at Panama, Panama. Marcel E. Malige, of Lapwai, Idaho, American Con¬ sul at Glasgow, Scotland, assigned Consul at Warsaw, In Anticipation Poland. Carl O. Spamer of Baltimore, Md., American Consul at Tokyo, Japan, assigned Consul at Nagasaki, Japan. of Moving Non-Career V. Harwood Blocker, Jr., of Texas, American Vice Consul at Asuncion, Paraguay, appointed Vice Consul Write Security Storage Company, Wash¬ at Casablanca, Morocco. ington (or Paris) about insurance in transit, or the use of American “lift” vans for moving. DEPARTMENTAL ORDER No. 555y2 If you already have one of the Govern¬ Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 7 and ment Service policies issued by our Insur¬ 11 of the Executive Order of June 8, 1931, Mr. ance Department your goods are fully Thomas M. Wilson, Foreign Service Officer. Class I, is hereby designated Chief of the Division protected against ordinary transportation of Foreign Service Personnel, effective October risks (unless you have under-insured). 9, 1933. If you want additional coverage for war CORDELL FIULL. or riot, earthquake or tornado risks, or Department of State, Washington, August 11, 1933. breakage and all risks in transit, write as much in advance as possible.

The bi-monthly oral examination for subordi¬ As to the SECURITY (Steel) vans we nates in the American Foreign Service was held can sometimes supply them at remote in the Department on , 1933. Only places if we have notice in advance. one candidate appeared before the Board, namely, When we know in advance that A (in Vice Consul Harry M. Donaldson, now stationed at Marseille, France. Mr. Donaldson passed the Havana) may want a van in Cuba (for examination and his name was placed on the list instance), we will cheerfully book an of those eligible for appointment as Foreign Serv¬ order from B (in London) to send a van ice officers. (There are now 41 names on the list to Cuba, where otherwise we might of eligibles). hesitate.

In these days of foreign criticism of the United States it is comforting to note the touching con¬ fidence in America which was exhibited by the j&fuptfg j&opagp (jompaug potentate in the following story narrated by Mr. Wallace Murray, Chief of the Division of Near A safe depository for forty-three years Eastern Affairs of the Department of State. “A powerful Near Eastern potentate once sent a dele¬ 1140 Fifteenth Street, Washington gation to Washington to request our assistance in finding an American adviser. When we inquired European Office what sort of adviser was needed the chief of the 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, PARIS delegation replied in approximately the following words: ‘My sovereign wants an American who will be closer to him than his own brother, some¬ Agents in all principal cities through whom one who will be always at his side to tell him the we undertake packing and shipping household truth no matter how unpleasant; someone who goods to and from anywhere—from a package can divine His Majesty’s innermost thoughts and to a houseful tell him when he is wrong; in other words, some¬ C. A. ASPINWALL, President. one who can be His Majesty’s conscience.’ ” —World Affairs, September, 1933. 405 The World Series

By PAUL W. EATON, Department, (retired) THE WORLD SERIES of baseball games two tied at .295. Terry is a baseball idealist. He for the championship of the world, played knows there is something in the game besides the in New York and Washington, grand slam. He knows exactly what men he to 7, was won by the New York team, which took wants and will give what is necessary to get them. four of the five games played. It was not a one¬ He gave St. Louis three valuable players for sided contest, however. Manager Terry of New . But how Mancuso fitted York said that his team into his team ! Terry was “extended to the wants a completely har¬ limit in every game.'’ monious and perfectly The last two went into coordinated machine. extra innings. He constructed a It was a conflict be¬ team as colorful as tween two player-man¬ chameleons. All were agers, , New heroes in the series. York , and Light hitters, on paper, , Washing¬ their persuasive bats ton shortstop, each in could, in emergencies, his first full year as a shed bingles as freely manager. Cronin, aged as porcupines are sup¬ 26, is the youngest who posed to shoot quills. ever led a World Series The Giants’ infield is team. Terry became tight and fast, their manager of the Giants outfield can outfield in mid-season of 1932 most outfields, and their and immediately rebuilt pitching proved to be them. The Washing¬ all that was claimed for tons are called “Griffs,” it—dazzling. from the club owner Manager Cronin has and president, Clark C. had a wonderful year. Griffith. Considering Terry’s The Washingtons nine years longer ex¬ were picked by the ex¬ perience, Joe compares perts to win the series. well with him. He has During the regular sea¬ everything a manager son they led both major should have and noth¬ leagues in batting, with ing one should not a team average of .287. Wide World Photos have. His fine strategy New York’s hitting was BILL TERRY, Manager of the New York Giants, was shown many times light. In the records, Winners of the World Series, 1933 during the season, when Washington led its rival he engineered terrific in fielding and three of its had better uprisings in the late innings of games that seemed winning percentages than that of Hubbell, the to be lost, and nearly always pulled them out of Giants’ (New York) star. the fire. This was a feature of three of the But neither figures nor facts daunt Bill Terry. World Series games, also. But in these cases, Batting averages might mean either that players when he had one foot across the line between were better hitters or that they faced weaker victory and defeat, the Giants had barely enough pitching. The ’s hall was live¬ force left to stop him. lier than the ’s. Other condi¬ Cronin has just signed a new contract as man¬ tions combined to make a complicated problem. ager for three years, and Terry one for five years. So what? Terry had the answer. Terry has also been made a colonel on the staff Terry is the only .300 hitter on his team. of the Governor of Tennessee, his native State: Washington had four regulars above .300 and Colonel Terry to you, Suh! 406 It was hoped that both teams would enter the Washington made an unearned run in the series with their full strength. But , fourth, and in the eighth had two on bases and the Giants’ , was stricken with two out when Goslin, one of the hardest hitters appendicitis. For Washington, Alvin Crowder, in the game, drove a terrific liner toward the right-handed mound ace, was pitched out a month right field stand. This would have given the before the season closed, and had a sore arm for Griffs three runs, and the game. But Bill Terry the first time in his career. willed otherwise. He stretched for this diabolical Travis (“Stoney”) Jackson, veteran Giant shot, and made an impossible , one of the shortstop, played third base in Vergez’s place. decisive feats of the series. He has never recovered from old leg injuries, and In the ninth inning the “Terryers,” another pet suffered from “charley-horse” before the series; name of the Giants, got their first view of one but luckily he was able of those nerve-racking to take part in every Cronin uprisings. With game, and distinguished the score 4 to 1 against himself. He was better the Washingtons, they than in 1924, when he filled the bases, with appeared here in the none out. One of them World Series. scored on an out; but For use in case Jack- Hubbell summoned all son could not play, his reserve power to Terry asked leave to make Bluege fan and use Charley Dressen, Sewell ground out. A who was not eligible. single at this stage President Griffith and would have tied the Manager Cronin con¬ score. sented, as they would Ott’s batting won the not pick on a crippled game and Terry’s great team; but Dressen, a catch held it. wisely chosen substi¬ In the second game, tute. was not needed. which New York won, The first two games 6 to 1, Cronin started were played in New Crowder against Schu¬ York. The Giants won macher. For five in¬ the first one, 4 to 2. nings he was Crowder, Cronin intended to start and set the Terryers Alvin Crowder against down with two hits and , the no runs, while Goslin’s Giants’ ace, but Al was gave Wash¬ not in condition, so ington an edge. In the Walter Stewart, who sixth inning the Griffs had been pitching the filled the bases, but best ball of his life, was were held scoreless by Wide World Photos chosen. The Giants JOE CRONIN, Manager of the ‘‘Griffs’’ Champions Schumacher’s smart found him just to their of the American League and courageous pitch¬ liking. Hubbell struck ing. The Giants fell out the side in his first inning, showing that his upon Crowder in their half and piled up six runs. highly touted “butterfly” or screw ball was no joke. A with the bases full by Frank After the Giants had made six hits and four O’Doul commenced the slaughter and started the runs off Stewart, he got the referendum and Washingtons on the “descensus Averni.” Thomas recall in the third inning. Jack Russell, star and McColl finished for Washington and held relief , took his place, and was succeeded the Giants. by Thomas. Off these two the Giants failed to The scene shifted to Washington for the next score in the remaining seven innings. three games, and the Griffs won the first of them, The Giants made two runs when their right 4 to 0. Earl Whitehill, star southpaw, pitched fielder, Melvin Ott, hit a home run with one on the only shutout of the series. The visitors found in the first inning, and they added two more at Whitehill a White Mountain, which they could Stewart’s expense. This was all for them, but not scale. Fitzsimmons and Bell pitched for New it was enough. York. 407 In this contest, the President of the United The excitement seemed to he over, but it had States threw out the first ball. A blue pigeon, just begun. In their half, the Washingtons filled suggestive of NRA, alit in the infield and could the bases, with one out. Bill Terry’s first idea not be driven away, but insisted upon playing was to draw in his infield and play for the runner second base for the Giants. trying to score from third. But this would have New York won the fourth game, 2 to 1, in solved only half of his problem. Ryan and Critz eleven innings. Terry sent back Hubbell. Monte begged him to end it all with a , and Weaver opposed him, and the Giants could do declared they would guarantee the double play if nothing with him for ten innings except when he would try. Bolton was going to pinch hit for Terry hit a home run into the circus seats in center Washington, and Dressen, who had played against field, in round four. The Washingtons had a him in the Southern Association, advised the fine chance to win the game in their half of this double play, and said Bolton was a slow runner. inning. With runners on first and second and Bolton’s pinch hit is usually a sharp, hard drive one out, Cronin came to bat and, instead of sac¬ through or preferably over the infield. He hit rificing, elected to “hit it out.” A fly to Ott a fast grounder which went straight to Ryan, who resulted, Goslin reaching third after . started the twin killing that won the game. Schulte then forced Manush, ending the inning. New York won the fifth game, 4 to 3, in ten Some baseball strategists blamed Cronin for innings, and captured the series with it. “Der not sacrificing, and putting both runners in posi¬ tag” had come. It was, as Admiral Cervera once tion to score. The writer thinks Joe was right, and said, “a sad but glorious day.” It ended with a will try to prove it with a sort of mathematical Cronin climax that was like a railroad smashup. exactness. With men on first and second and none out, a sacrifice is the play. With one out, the play depends upon circumstances. Cronin hit .309 and Schulte .295 during the season; and if Cronin tried for a hit instead of a sac¬ rifice, the runners would have the benefit of two hitters instead of one, Cronin, on his record, hav¬ ing a little better chance than three in ten to make a hit and Schulte a little less. Had Cronin sacrificed, the runners would have had less than half the chance to score that they had with these two hitters. As it was, Cronin put Goslin on third, in position to score. If you don't gamble you can’t win. Perhaps a better maxim would be, if you don’t gamble you can't lose; but that would not apply in this case. Cronin had to gamble; and many think he chose well. In the eleventh inning there was another Cronin upheaval. “Stonev” Jackson led off for the Giants with a perfectly placed bunt, catching the Griffs flat- footed and reaching first base safely. Mancuso sacrificed him to second, and he scored on Wide World Photos “Blondie” Ryan’s single with what CARL HUBBELL, Star Pitcher of Champion Giants, icitli Mrs. Hubbell. proved to be the winning run. Reading Congratulatory Messages 408 Schumacher pitched for the Giants and Crowder Ryan fourth, which seems about right. Every Giant for the Griffs. Crowder was hit freely from the player deserves high commendation, “Stoney” start and gave way to Russell in the sixth inning, Jackson among the greatest, a fine character, who after three runs had been made off him. Schu¬ covered himself with honor and glory in every macher was driven out by the Washingtons in the game. The Terryers are artists, in proof of same inning, when they made three runs off him which they painted Washington blue and New to tie the score; but before this he had thought¬ York red in connection with the series. fully batted in two New York runs with a single Whitehall, Russell, Weaver, Cronin, and Schulte in the second inning, which were essential to are among those who shone brightest for the victory. Washingtons. Terry’s star relief pitcher, Adolfo Luque, took Both teams are anxious to renew the strife. Schumacher’s place. This little 43-year-old Cuban President Griffith and Manager Terry have had the best percentage of games won in the claimed next year’s pennants. Both teams will National League. He has played ball in the big be strengthened. The Giants should repeat—the leagues for 22 years and is the best relief pitcher Griffs, too, probably. Their greatest obstacle will in the world. Russell, who opposed him, is prob¬ be the Athletics. Few observers have realized ably the next best. When two hurlers like these how very strong a young team has meet, it is just a matter of hanging up ciphers built up already, which, with another first class until one of them tires or gets a break. pitcher or two, will be dangerous contenders. The Both held their opponents in check until the Yankees will be rebuilding, and are not likely to tenth inning. Then Russell disposed of the first gain full headway in the first part of the season. two New York batters with ease and had two strikes on Ott, who then drove a pitch into the TENNIS AT CARACAS, VENEZUELA left field circus seats for a homer, the only run It was the lot of Consul George Orr, and his of the inning. partner, Mr. Riley, to defend the Country Club, The Washingtons put runners on second and and, incidentally, to uphold the prestige of For¬ third with two out in their half of this round, eign Service tennis, in the recent inter-club sin¬ and First Baseman Kuhel came to bat. Luque gles and doubles tournament of Caracas. While (or Lucky) got desperate and started a Cuban the writer regrets that he is unable to give an ac¬ revolution. He struck Joe out with three pitched count of their complete victory, he is happy to balls. Every one of them was one of the fast, state that the team gave a good account of itself, sharp-breaking curves that are his chief asset. It and reached the semi-finals to go down in defeat was his supreme strikeout effort, ending game and only after a close tussle with the best Venezuelan series. players. Although the team lost in the semi-finals This was one of the greatest, fightin’est World by a score of three matches to one, it may be Series ever played. The contending teams were mentioned that Mr. Orr disposed of one of his op¬ two of the gamest, most sportsmanlike, coura¬ ponents in straight sets. geous, and tenacious that ever met in such a con¬ B. C. M. test. Every player felt that it was an honor to meet such adversaries. President William Har- ridge of the American League, President Griffith of the Washington Club, and Manager Cronin were first to congratulate the victors, who won on their merits. The Giants’ pitching was all that was claimed for it. Cronin, Schulte, and Myer were the only Griffs who batted .300 or better. Manush and Kuhel, second and seventh ranking batsmen in the American League, were stopped, hitting only .111 and .150 in the series. Of the three runs made off Hubbell in the 20 innings he pitched, not one was earned. The New Yorkers outbatted their rivals .267 to .214 in the series. ’s home run in the first inning of the series won a game, and his second homer, in the last inning of the last game, decided another. Ptioto from Ben C. Mattheivs Among the Giants’ heroes, some one has rated CONSUL ORR AND MR. RILEY AT THE NET NE¬ Hubbell first, Terry and Ott tied for second, and GOTIATING THE RETURN OF A HARD DRIVE 409 Von Struve-Olsen. Married on September 22, 1933, at Tenerife, Canary Islands, Consul Henry FOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS C. Von Struve and Miss Margoth Olsen, of Ber¬ gen, Norway. : Photographers to the Diplomatic Corps and the Washington-Fleisher. Married on September Consular Service 29, 1933, at Tokyo, Japan, Diplomatic Secretary Samuel Walter Washington and Mrs. Simone HARRIS & EWING Fleisher Stecker, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ben¬ jamin Wilfrid Fleisher, of Tokyo. Mr. Fleishet THE HOME OF is proprietor and editor of the English newspaper, “NATIONAL NOTABLES” The Japan Advertiser. 1313 F Street N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. Phone National 8700 Merrill-Chamberlin. Married on September 29, 1933, at Yokohama, Japan, Vice Consul Gregor Charles Merrill and Phyllis Chamberlin BIRTHS Duffie, of Oakland, Calif. A daughter, Barbara Averill Benninghoff, was Lyon-Grew. Married on October 7, 1933, at born on August 6, 1933, at Karuizawa, Japan, to Tokyo, Japan, Diplomatic Secretary Cecil Burton Vice Consul and Mrs. H. Merrell Benninghoff. Lyon and Miss Elsie Sturgis Grew, third daugh¬ Mr. Benninghoff is stationed at Yokohama, ter of the American Ambassador and Mrs. Joseph Japan. C. Crew. A son, Robert Borden Reams, was born on August 19, 1933, at Johannesburg, South Africa, FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER to Vice Consul and Mrs. Robert Borden Reams. Room 115, Department of State Date of A daughter, Josette Montgomerie Chase, was Registration born on August 26, 1933, at Villemomble (Seine) September France, to Vice Consul and Mrs. Warren M. Stanley Hawks, Mexico City 21 Henry M. Donaldson, Marseille 21 Chase. Mr. Chase is stationed at Amsterdam, John P. Hurley, Nassau, Bahamas 22 Netherlands. Douglas James, Naples 22 Hayward G. Hill, Yokohama 23 A daughter, Marguerite Hannah Fox, was born G. M. Abbott, 25 on September 5, 1933, at Berlin, Germany, to Harry E. Carlson, Tallinn, .... 25 Hon. Matthew E. Hanna, Guatamala Vice Consul and Mrs. Hugh Corby Fox. City 25 Charles E. Bohlen, Paris 27 CORRECTION Frank A. Henry, Valparaiso 28 October Vice Consul William E. Flournoy, Jr., writes R. L. Smyth, Nanking 2 Nathaniel P. Davis, London 3 that the birth announcement in the September Hon. Sheldon Whitehouse, Colombia.. 4 JOURNAL was incorrect. His child horn on July George Tait, Paris 5 24, 1933, is a daughter, not a son, and she was Wm. M. Cramp, Belize, British Hon¬ born at Norfolk, Va., and not in Guatemala. duras 5 L. H. Hurteau, Bucharest 5 PI. C. Moses, Saltillo, Mexico 5 MARRIAGES Hon. Charles C. Eberhardt 6 M. F. Perkins, Peiping 7 Colebrook-Heale. Married on August 26, Ralph Boernstein, Naples 7 1933, at Brisbane, Australia, Vice Consul Mul- R. M. Brooks, Curacoa 9 Hon. , Port an Prince 9 ford A. Colebrook and Miss Joan Moffat Heale, Hon. Edward E. Brodie, Helsingfors.. 9 daughter of Mr. E. H. Heale, of Fleetwood, E. Allan Lightner, Jr., Pernambuco... 9 Kureen, North Queensland, Australia. Thomas H. Robinson, Nogales 10 Hon. Arthur Bliss Lane, Managua.... Brennan-Dengler. Married on September 11, Orme Wilson, Berlin 13 Carl F. Deichman, 13 1933, at Chefoo, China, Vice Consul Charles J. George F. Kennan, Riga 16 Brennan and Miss Jean Dengler, daughter of Samuel G. Ebling, Lourenco Marquez.. 16 Colonel and Mrs. Frederick L. Dengler, United Sydney B. Redecker, Frankfort on Main 16 States Army. 410 IN MEMORIAM

Peter Augustus Jay, former Ambassador to Argentina, and holder of numerous diplomatic •FLO posts during the past 25 years, died on October Promptly delivered around 18, 1933, at his residence, 1815 Q Street, Wash¬ the corner or around ington. Mr. Jay had been in ill health for last the world! live years. A descendant of , first Chief Justice of the United States, Mr. Jay was born in Newport, R. I., on August 22, 1877, the son of Augustus and Emily Kane Jay. WASHINGTON, D. C. Sincere sympathy is extended to Mrs. Jay and PHONE NATIONAL 4278 to his daughter. Main Store 1212 F Street N. W. 44 Years Satisfactory Service

PETER AUGUSTUS JAY, 1877-1933 An Appreciation he gained the confidence of those with whom he “Something attempted, something done, came in contact. Being a man of courage and Has earned a night’s repose.”—LONGFELLOW. initiative, he inculcated these traits in his sub¬ ordinates and no chief could have been more Comparatively few young Foreign Service of¬ open minded to suggestions or more appreciative ficers ever climb to the top of the diplomatic lad¬ of effort. He was always ready to lend a help¬ der and, in the days before the Rogers Act of ing hand to those in trouble and, whenever pos¬ 1924, even fewer diplomatic secretaries ever sible, to lighten their burdens and share their reached an ambassadorship. Peter Augustus Jay sorrows. His generosity to those less fortunate was an exception. began long before he entered the service, nor did Entering the then Diplomatic Service in 1902, it cease when he retired in 1927. he worked his way upward until in less than 18 The country has lost one of its noblest public years he was made Minister to Salvador, and servants; those in the service who have been for¬ after another four years as Minister to Rumania, tunate enough to have served with or under him he was appointed Ambassador to the Argentine have lost an ideal; those who have not crossed in March, 1925. With a family background of his path have missed a rare opportunity; those official life and educated accordingly, it was little who have known him personally have lost a true wonder that after a year or so of business, he friend! should decide to devote his life to public service. M. A. H. Hard work soon brought him promotion and his adaptability to new surroundings, his open mind¬ William Wallace Early, who retired on Decem¬ edness, his understanding of human nature to¬ ber 31, 1932, as American Consul at Colon, gether with his personal charm and magnetism Panama, died suddenly at Tampa, Fla., on Sep¬ made him friends. His sympathy for and love tember 28, 1933. Mr. Early was born at Au- of his fellow men as well as his great sense of lander, N. C, December 2, 1867. He obtained fair play cemented these friendships. the degree of M.D. from the University of Penn¬ His marriage in 1906 to Susan McCook, who sylvania, and practiced medicine for 18 years. On equally dedicated her life to the Service, helped July 25, 1914, he was appointed Consular Agent him tremendously with her affection, sound coun¬ at Leicester, England, but resigned June 30, 1918. sel and devotion to duty. The following year he was appointed, after ex¬ Being brought up by one of the great ladies of amination, Consul of Class 8, and was assigned the previous generation on a code which knew to Belize. On March 19, 1925, he was assigned nothing but truthfulness, honor and straightfor¬ to San Luis Potosi, Mexico; and on April 12, wardness, he typified these attributes in his of¬ 1929, he was transferred to Colon, Panama, ficial and personal relations. He followed the where he served until his retirement. Sincere policy of open diplomacy and by inspiring trust, sympathy is extended to his family. 411 Naples on of immigration visa work AN AMERICAN INSTITUTION now being performed at Genoa. This will make IN FOREIGN SERVICE the Naples Consulate General the only immigra¬ Providing Rapid, Dependable Transport for Passengers, Express, and Mail tion visa issuing office in Italy. On his return Under Contract to the United States and Foreign Governments, Between from Genoa, Mr. du Bois stopped at Rome, where North America and 32 Countries and Colonies of the Western Hemisphere. on September 9 he conferred with the Ambas¬ sador and the Commercial Attache regarding the changes necessary in the handling of commercial work required in order to make effective in Italy the new coordination agreement of August 5, 1933. The agreement went into effect on Mon¬ day, the eighteenth. An incident of interest to the American com¬ munity of Naples was the arrival on September 6, 1933, of Paul Whitaker Neal, born to Dr. and Mrs. Paul A. Neal. Dr. Neal is a Public Health Service surgeon assigned to this office. During the month of August, the Consulate at Florence received the visit of Captain Laurance N. McNair, American Naval Attache at Rome, ac¬ companied by his wife and daughter. Consul Ralph A. Boernstein left for the United States on September 25 to go on leave, where he will join Mrs. Boernstein, who is already in Washington. H. M. B. JR.

KOBE The Consulate at Kobe has the privilege of be¬ ing the first to welcome Foreign Service Officers from China and the last to say good-bye to those NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD officers destined for China. During the past (Continued from page 403) month it has had the pleasure of visits from Mr. NAPLES Clarence E. Gauss, en route to Peiping as Coun¬ daughter, reached Naples on September 4 on the sellor of Legation; Mr. Mahlon Perkins on as¬ American S. S. Exochorda. They proceeded the signment to the Department; Consul General same day to Rome. Davis from Keijo; three Vice Consuls from Vice Consul Leonard Parker was also a pas¬ Tientsin. Messrs. Allen, Ward and Perkins; Vice senger on the S. S. Exocliorda en route to his Consul Cootes, en route to Hong Kong, and Vice post at Alexandria. Consul Yearns, destined for . The office should install a register of distinguished visitors. In the month of September the Consulate Gen¬ eral at Naples contributed from its staff two con¬ suls to take charge in Channel ports. On Sep¬ tember 4, Consul C. Porter Kuykendall and Mrs. Kuykendall sailed for Marseille on the Excam- bion, with Cherbourg, France, as their final des¬ Qjour SHOPPING... tination, where Consul Kuykendall will assume We know all the NcwYork shops, their mer=< charge of the Consulate. On September 10, Con¬ chandise,styles and economical ways to buy. sul Samuel H. Wiley left on an early train for We will shop with you when in NcwYork, or his new port at Havre. Mrs. Wiley and their will purchase and ship to you. Members of daughter are proceeding to join him at the end the Foreign Service are finding our shopping of the month, their two sons having left for the bureau convenient. Send for our literature. United States on September 10. Consul General du Bois sailed on the Rex on Ivtr'onZ MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON September 6 for Genoa to confer with Consul 7 = 16 8 3 366 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. General Dorsey with regard to the transfer to 412 Dr. , former American Ambassador to Germany and Minister to Greece and China, spent a brief time in Kobe in transit HOTEL LAFAYETTE to Shanghai on the first lap of a leisurely world Corner 16th and Eye Streets, N. W. tour. He was very much on the alert as to events Washington, D. C. in Eastern Asia and kept a member of the Con¬ ENTIRELY MODERNIZED UNDER NEW sulate’s staff fully occupied returning answers to MANAGEMENT his acute questions. He is accompanied on his journey by his grandson, Jacob Gould Schur¬ man III, who is devoting some time to travel in Japan, rejoining Dr. Schurman in Shanghai. Radio loud speaker in every The Consulate was pleased to receive a Foreign room. Every room with tub Service visitor in the rather sylvan attire of a and shower bath. Coffee hiker in khaki shirt and shorts when Mr. Frank A. Schuler, Jr., one of the language officers at Shop—Table and Counter Tokyo, appeared at the end of a tramp from the Service. Dining Room— capital to Kobe. Not only was Mr. Schuler’s Table d'Hote and Ala courage admired for braving bare-kneed the mos¬ Carte Service. quitoes of the Japanese Empire, but also for his temerity in arousing the vigilant vernacular press to turgid stories of bis activity as an American spy. According to one of these accounts, Mr. Only three minutes from State Department, the Schuler left “traces that he made investigations White House, and Business Section. along the weather coast of Izu promentory.” SPECIAL DISCOUNT Vice Consuls Dorsz and McClintock recently to all Diplomatic and Consular Officers made a trip to Beppu, armed with field glasses, JEFFERSON L. FORD, JR., a camera and their formidable appearance, but General Manager failed signally to impress anyone of their sus¬ picious character. Mr. Schuler’s holiday beard was doubtless taken for a deliberate disguise. not only for the islanders of Guam, but for the The American naval transport Gold Star ar¬ staff of the Consulate. The Vice Consuls here rived from Guam on August 18, bringing officers rose to the occasion with notable alacrity. and their families from that island on a vacation R. M. McC. cruise of Japan, China and the Philippines. Among the visitors of the transport’s passenger list were Mrs. George Alexander, the wife of HANKOW, CHINA Captain Alexander, the newly appointed Gov¬ Consul General Walter A. Adams, of Hankow, ernor of Guam, and her daughters, Miss Larry and Miss Betty Eastman, of Kansas City, Mo., Alexander and Miss Lois Alexander. The visit were married on August 28 at the American Con¬ of the Gold Star provided a pleasant interlude, sulate in Yokohama. Among those present at the

ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: “Zielinski” All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

413 ceremony were Consul and Mrs. Charles L. De Vault, of Yokohama, Consul General Arthur Gar- rels, of Tokyo, and members of the Yokohama The TYPEWRITER consulate staff. After a brief stay at Yokohama, where they were entertained by Consul and Mrs. De Vault, That is STANDARD they spent their honeymoon at Myianoshita, Japan. They were the recipients of many courtesies at Throughout the World Shanghai, where Consul General Adams had been stationed early in his career. They returned later to Hankow, where they were extended a warm welcome. Consul General Adams, a native of Greenville, S. C, has served successfully at Shanghai, Batavia, Canton. Swatow. Changsha, Tsingtao, Chungking, Hankow, and Nanking, returning to Hankow as a Consul General. R. P. M.

MONROVIA, LIBERIA The following extract from a recent letter from McCeney Werlich, Charge d’Affaires at Mon¬ rovia, describes the method of landing at his post: IN the world’s centers of industry and com¬ merce and in the isolated outposts of civiliza¬ “We stepped, some six passengers, into a long boat which would remind you of any lifeboat on tion ... in the neighborhood store where you buy the ‘petting’ deck of an ocean liner. The boat your groceries and on ships that sail into unknown had already been well balanced by our baggage, seas . . . there is a standard of typewriter per¬ which was placed under the oarsmen’s seats. The formance ... a standard that is summed up in crew consisted of eleven oarsmen, six to starboard the name “Underwood Standard” and the machine and five to port, a helmsman and a headman, the latter standing bravely in the ship’s bow to face which bears that name. —what? We rowed toward the shore for about The Underwood performance that is behind a mile and a half until we came within some 200 this standard . . . the ease of action and the neat¬ yards of where the swells were breaking in fairly ness of work, the durability and the freedom from large waves over the bar. The oarsmen then held their oars just out of the water and allowed delays and repairs . . . this performance alone has the swell to carry us toward the bar. Suddenly earned for the Underwood Standard the position the helmsman spotted a place on the bar some of leadership that it enjoys throughout the world. 20 feet wide where the waves did not seem to break with any violence, so he uttered a gutteral TYPEWRITER DIVISION order and the men rowed as if they were being chased by proper devils. Just as we got to the UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY open space rowing ceased and we slid over a hump Homer Building, 601 13th Street N.W. of wave into quiet water, slightly scraping our Washington, D. C. keel in the meanwhile on what must have been the bar. Another order and the devils again pur¬ SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE sued our oarsmen for two or three hundred yards. Then a quiet pull to Monrovia’s dockless shores. The UNDERWOOD Of course, had the corridor not been found we would have been obliged to dash through the rag¬ STANDARD .... Model No. 6 ing spume and, maybe, we would have had the exciting experience of turning over, with a re¬ sulting bath to us and our effects.” 414 LETTERS [This column will be devoted each month to the publication, in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members of the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters are How Do PEOPLE PLAY ? to be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the writers and not necessarily the views of the JOURNAL, or of the Association.) The Editor, The American Foreign Service Journal, SIR : For some time I have felt the need, and I believe it is general throughout the Service, of some sort of authori¬ tative guidance on the questions of ceremonials, dress, and etiquette as applicable to Foreign Service officers. I believe it would be a splendid idea to have made available to all Foreign Service officers a very compre¬ hensive booklet covering the entire subject of social ob¬ servance. This would have the desirable effect of in¬ suring uniformity throughout the Service. Should the Department not feel it incumbent upon itself or in a position to act on this suggestion, perhaps the JOURNAL itself would favorably consider issuing such a booklet and charging therefor a sum sufficient to cover its cost. So far as known to the writer, there is no book pub¬ lished that covers the entire subject as contemplated in the above suggestion. It is understood that certain for¬ eign governments have issued formal instructions on eti¬ Photograph by Ewing Galloway. quette, etc., to the officers in their respective foreign serv¬ ices. Since no such instructions are available to Ameri¬ INDIANS PLAYING HOCKEY, PARAGUAY can Foreign Service officers, it places us at a disad¬ vantage in this respect. It is hoped that my suggestion will elicit the discus¬ Share With Others Your sions and comments of other officers on the subject. Sincerely yours. Knowledge Of Distant Lands FRANCIS C. JORDAN.

Members of the Foreign Service have a most EDITOR, AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, favorable opportunity, because of their first-hand SIR : The letter of “F. S. O.” appearing in the August, contact with remote parts of the world, to further 1932, issue of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL international goodwill and understanding by under the title “Persona grata” deals with a subject which is of more than passing interest to all Foreign sharing with their own countrymen their photo¬ Service officers. graphs and observations of the everyday life of “F. S. O.” states that the object of his letter is to other peoples and places. arrest in some degree the progress of the development of the cult of “persona grata” which, in his opinion, has The National Geographic Magazine is constantly been greatly overemphasized. He maintains that the seeking interesting travel and Nature articles development of cordial relations can only lead to the and photographs portraying the life and scenery creation of a sympathetic atmosphere and can not yield of every region. You are invited to submit your important concrete results. He offers as a further ob¬ jection that Foreign Service officers may be inclined to human-interest photographs and narratives and consider the development of cordial relations as a goal thus to participate in The Geographic’s educa¬ and fears that an officer may become so intent upon tional work. Liberal remuneration is offered for maintaining his personal prestige through friendly rela¬ tions that he may unconsciously become less energetic all such material that meets our needs. in tnose matters of interest to the American Government which are distasteful to the country to which he is accredited. Write to-day for booklet describing In reply, it. may be pointed out that any form of, the kind of photographs desired overemphasis is always unfortunate and is clearly in¬ dicative of faulty judgment. No policy or method should be abandoned solely because of the possible danger that THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE it may not be employed to the best advantage. In a service such as ours, the success of which inevitably - Gilbert Grosvenor, Litt.D., LL.D., Editor depends upon intelligent loyalty and sound judgment, an WASHINGTON, D. C. officer lacking these qualities should never advance beyond a subordinate position. 415 rJTETE^MERICANjpOREIGN ^ERYICE JOURNAL

distrust to such an extent that unpleasant functions may frequently be more agreeably performed. In dealing with 1 visa cases, for instance, where an applicant well known to the officer desires special treatment which, under the regulations can not be granted, the applicant will often Hotel Martinique accept a refusal of his request with better grace if he FIVE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE realizes that the officer is affording him every possible consideration and that the only reasons for refusal are SIXTEENTH STREET AT M the limitations placed upon the officer by the laws and regulations. My experience instances hundreds of such WASHINGTON, D. C. cases. Direct services, such as the issuance of visas and pass¬ ports, the certification of invoices, the issuance of bills of health and the rendering of notarial services, although of the utmost importance, constitute only a small phase CL of the work which Foreign Service officers are called An Hotel of upon to perform. The collection of political, economic, and commercial information must depend in a very large measure upon the friendly relations which the officer has distinction been able to develop. At one post where statistical infor¬ mation never appeared in printed form until several months after completion of the actual compilation, the Special Rates friendly interest of the administrative officers enabled me to secure such statistics far in advance of their pub¬ To Active and Retired Foreign j lication. The officials in charge of this service could Service Officers and Their have declined to undertake the work necessary to render available such data prior to official publication. Simi¬ Families larly, I have been able to have access to Government records for the compilation of data which the Govern¬ Write for Booklet ment, owing to lack of personnel, had been unable to L. R. HAWKINS, Manager assemble in final form. In political reporting, friendly contacts with party leaders have frequently been pro¬ ductive of advance information of considerable impor¬ L tance. Naturally, these disclosures were only made be¬ Service of more than 20 years has convinced me that cause of the assurance, resulting from close personal the establishment of the most cordial relations possible friendship, that such information would be used confi- with the officials and personalities of the country to dentally and discreetly. which an officer is accredited is of the utmost impor¬ tance. It is inconceivable that any serious, loyal officer “F. S. O.” has brought up for discussion a matter of the Foreign Service would, through friendship, grant which should have the careful consideration of every any service which is contrary to the spirit or the letter Foreign Service officer and has drawn attention to the of the regulations, or would sacrifice by reason of such danger which might result from an overemphasis of the friendship even the smallest interest of the American art of cultivating cordial official relations. In my Government or people. It is likewise inconceivable that opinion, the solution of the problem is not to be found any reasonable officer would expect the friendly relations in the abandonment of the practice of developing friendly which he maintains with the officials of the country to contacts with foreign officials but in the intelligence and which he is accredited to result in services or information resourcefulness of the officers of the American Foreign inimical to the interest of, or contrary to the laws or Service. regulations of, that country. Nevertheless, the fact that an officer is “persona grata” tends to create an atmosphere Very respectfully yours, of sympathy and trust and to break down suspicion and ANOTHER F. S. O.

To the Foreign Service Officers of the United States

The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company puts at your disposal its service in writing your bond. Special attention is given to the requirements of Foreign Service Officers, our Washington Manager, Mr. Chas. R. Hooff, having specialized in this service since 1912.

United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 1415 K Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

416 INSURANCE SERVICE ANNUITIES

AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION

THE QUESTION OF INSURANCE AFTER RETIREMENT Except for the privilege of conversion without physical examination into permanent insurance at rates for attained ages, the master policy between the Association and the Equitable provides for the termination of the insurance of individual members upon retirement or resignation from the Foreign Service. Com¬ plaint in regard to this feature is believed to be based upon unfamiliarity with the nature of group insur¬ ance and other peculiar factors involved in a group with members scattered in every part of the world. As shown in the last issue of the JOURNAL, the present rate assessed upon the membership barely pays the cost of underwriting the group. It is obvious therefore that the risks involved in extending the insurance beyond the period of service in the Foreign Service would add a very heavy burden upon the membership which could only be taken care of by increasing rates. Such an arrangement would be un¬ acceptable to younger members who would have to bear the major part of this burden. The matter has been discussed with the Association’s Insurance Adviser, who advises that, as it is im¬ possible for group insurance to confer all the privileges of regular insurance, the only practical solution is for each individual member to provide in advance for insurance after retirement by the accumulation through the purchase of annuities of a sum sufficient to take care of that insurance. This is not expensive for younger members and is not excessively burdensome for members up to fifty years of age.

For example, a member at age 25 in the unclassified after retirement, paying annually a small dividend and grade should, in addition to carrying his group insurance having a fixed cash value for use in emergency. of $2,000 costing $30 per amnurn, purchase through the The amounts required to execute this plan at other ages Association one unit of annuity costing $100 per annum. are given in the table below which shows not only the At age 65 he will have accumulated a sufficient sum to number of units that would be required to purchase paid- purchase a fully paid-up policy for $9,777, which is approxi¬ up insurance approximating the maximum policy of mately equivalent to the $10,000 insurance which he would $10 000 which each member would be presumed to be he carrying at the age of retirement, assuming that he carrying on retirement at age 65 but also the amount of had advanced in the interim to Class I in the Foreign Serv¬ paid-up insurance that could be purchased at age 65 ice. In addition, therefore, to being protected during active through the accumulation of one group of annuity. The service by his group insurance and death benefits in the amounts of insurance shown will either be augmented or retirement annuity, he would have created at age 65 an premiums on annuity units reduced by annual dividends insurance estate of $9,777, requiring no further payments after the second year.

One Unit Will Purchase Number Costing Wilt Purchase Age Costing at 65 Paid-Up OR of Per at 65 Paid-Up Per Annum Policy for Units A nnuni Policy for 25 $100 $9,777 1 $100 $9,777 30 100 7,709 l!4 125 9,636 35 100 5,970 m 175 10,448 40 100 4,503 2'A 225 10.132 45 100 3,270 3 300 9.810 50 100 2,230 4'4 425 9,477

If members of the Association are not able to provide for the maximum amount of insurance, namely $10,000 as indicated above, they can purchase a smaller number of annuity units to provide for such amount as they feel that they are able to buy. It is realized that some members of the Foreign Service in favored financial circumstances and resid¬ ing in favored localities in foreign countries can purchase annuities with other companies, without, however, the privilege of converting to paid-up life insurance without physical examination at retirement. Moreover, the officers of the Association raise the query : Why not do this through the Association in order to help along an organization which extends benefits to fellow members of the Foreign Service who are not so favored? The Secretary-Treasurer will be pleased to answer any inquiries in regard to this plan and, in con¬ junction with the Insurance Adviser, to attempt to work out special plans for individual cases.

EUGENE H. DOOMAN LOY W. HENDERSON JOSEPH E. JACOBS President Vice President Secretary-Treasurer J. ALAN MAPHIS, Insurance Advisor HARRY A. HAVENS, Assistant to Secretary-Treasurer The American Foreign Service Association

The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its mem¬ bers for the improvement of the Service.

Honorary President CORDELL HULL Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State HARRY F. PAYER Assistant Secretary of State JEFFERSON CAFFERY Assistant Secretary of State ROBERT WALTON MOORE Assistant Secretary of State

NORMAN ARMOUR President CLARENCE E. GAUSS Vice-President MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer H. S. BURSLEV Acting Secretary-Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THOMAS M. WILSON, Chairman; J. P. MOFFAT, Vice Chairman; W. A. FOOTE, J. E. JACOBS, H. V. JOHNSON Alternates: H. S. BURSLEY G. R. MERRELL, JR.

Entertainment Committee: A, DANA HODCDON, Chairman; JEFFERSON PATTERSON and GEORGE R. MF.RRF.LL, JR.