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Minerals Assessment of Cape York Peninsula

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Minerals Assessment of Cape York Peninsula CAPE YORK PENINSULA . - LAND USE STRATEGY LAND USE PROGRAM MINERALS ASSESSMENT OF CAPE YORK PENINSULA T. J. Denaro Department of Minerals and Energy Queensland and G. R. Ewers Australian Geological Survey Organisation AGSO CYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS QUEENSLAND AND ENERGY MINERALS AND ENERGY REVIEW SERIES MINERAL RESOURCE : ASSESSMENT - CYPLUS DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS AND ENERGY, QUEENSLAND 1995 MINERAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT - CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY T.J. Denarol & G.R. Ewers2 1. Geological Survey of Queensland 2. Australian Geological Survey Organisation This report has been prepared as part of the National Geoscience Mapping Accord, North Queensland Project. Funding for the publication of this report has been provided by the Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, a jointly funded initiative of the Commonwealth and Queensland Governments. DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS AND ENEROY AGSO AUSTRALIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ORCANIS ATION Address for correspondence: TJ Denaro Department of Minerals and Energy, Queensland GPO Box 194, Brisbane, Q. Australia, 4001 Published by the Department of Minerals and Energy, Queensland O The State of Queensland, Department of Minerals and Energy, 1995 ISSN 1039 - 5555 ISBN 0 7242 5286 1 Production editing: JW Beeston and DM Kinrnan Graphics: LM Blight Desktop publishing: SA Beeston Printed by Goprint, Vulture Street, Woolloongabba Issued June, 1995 REFERENCE: DENARO, T.J. & EWERS, G.R., 1995: Mineral resource assessment - Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy. Queensland Minerals and Energy Review Series, Department of Minerals and Energy, Queensland. Cover Photograph: Last Hit Mine, Starcke Goldfield. EXECUTIVESUMMARY .......................................................1 MINING HISTORY AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ...................1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND ASSOCIATED MINERAL RESOURCES ......2 MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ...................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................5 INTRODUCTION ............................................................9 MINERAL RESOURCE INVENTORY ...................................9 GEOLOGICAL MAPPING .........................................11 GEOPHYSICS ...................................................11 REGOLITH MAPPING .............................................11 GEOCHEMISTRY .................................................11 PREVIOUS MINERAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS ......................12 MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................17 MINING HISTORY ..........................................................21 GOLD ..........................................................21 TIN .............................................................31 TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM ...................................34 COPPER ........................................................34 ANTIMONY .....................................................35 SILICASAND ....................................................35 HEAVY MINERALS ...............................................35 BAUXITE ........................................................35 KAOLIN ........................................................36 MICA ..........................................................36 PHOSPHATE ....................................................36 CURRENT MINING ACTIVITY .................................................37 BAUXITE ........................................................37 SILICASAND ....................................................37 KAOLIN ........................................................38 GOLD ..........................................................38 BUILDING STONE ................................................38 TIN .............................................................39 RECENT EXPLORATION .....................................................39 REGIONALGEOLOGY ......................................................42 PROTEROZOIC METAMORPHIC ROCKS ............................42 PROTEROZOIC IGNEOUS ROCKS ..................................44 CAPE YORK PENINSULA BATHOLITH ...............................44 HODGKINSON PROVINCE ........................................45 NORTH QUEENSLAND VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC PROVINCE ........47 MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASINS .................................51 CAINOZOIC IGNEOUS RCZKS ....................................53 CAINOZOIC SEDIMENTS .........................................-53 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY .........................................-55 KNOWN MINERALISATION AND RESOURCES ................................! . 57 GOLD ..........................................................57 ANTIMONY .....................................................73 TIN .............................................................74 TUNGSTEN ......................................................80 MOLYBDENUM ..................................................81 . BASE METALS ...................................................82 URANIUM ......................................................84 IRON ANDMANGANESE .........................................85 BAUXITE ........................................................85 KAOLIN ........................................................87 SILICASAND ....................................................88 HEAVY MINERALS ...............................................91 LIMESTONE .....................................................92 PHOSPHATE ....................................................92 GEMSTONES ....................................................93 COAL ..........................................................93 MINERAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ...........................................97 GOLD(Au) ..................: .................................. 97 ANTlMGNY(Sb) ................................................128 BASEMETALS(Bm) .............................................129 TIN(Sn) .......................................................141 TUNGSTEN(W) .................................................161 MOLYBDENUM AND BISMUTH ....................................167 URANIUM .....................................................167 lRON(Fe) .....................................................168 BAUXlTE(Bx) ...................................................169 KAOLlN(Ko) ...................................................174 SlLICA(Si) .....................................................175 HEAVY MINERALS (Hm) .........................................180 LlMESTONE(Ls) ................................................186 GEMSTONES(Gs) ..............................................188 PHOSPHATE ...................................................189 COAL(C) .....................................................189 PETROLEUM ...................................................189 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................192 TABLES Mineral occurrence reports. CYPLUS area ...................................12 First pass geological mapping. 1 :250 000 explanatory notes series ............12 Recent geological reports. CYPLUS area ....................................13 Size classification of deposits ..............................................20 Recorded mineral production. Cape York Peninsula ........................-22 Exploration tenures. Cape York Peninsula. February 1994 .....................40 Mineral deposits with known production or resources ........................60 Mineral deposit types by age and structural province .......................66 Bauxite specifications ....................................................173 FIGURES Distribution of mineral occurrences .........................................3 Geological entities and current mines .......................................4 Known areas of major economic significance ................................6 Known and potential areas of possible major economic significance ..........................................................q... 7 Known and potential areas of minor economic significance ..................8 Location of CYPLUS study area. 1 :250 000 Sheet areas and mineral resource assessment maps .........................................10 Aeromagnetic and radiometric surveys at 400m line spacing ................14 Preliminary contours. depth to magnetic basement .........................15 Regional stream sediment geochemistry surveys (AGSO) ....................16 Levels of mineral resource potential and certainty of assessment (Toth &others. 1993) ......................................................19 Historical Mining Districts and Fields of Cape York Peninsula ..................24 Regional geology .........................................................43 Distribution of mineral deposits with known production or resources ..........58 Distribution of gold and antimony deposits .................................-59 Distribution of tin and tungsten deposits ...................................-75 Distribution of bauxite. kaolin. iron-manganese. base metal and uranium deposits ........................................................-83 Distribution of silica sand. heavy mineral. limestone. phosphate. and gemstone deposits .......................................................-89 Coal occurrences. Cape York Peninsula ...................................-94 Grade-tonnage diagram. iron-formation-hostedgold deposits ..............-98 Rose diagram. strikes of mesothermal Au-quartz veins (Coen type) ...........99
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