ISBN 978-602-19680-1-7 PROCEEDING ICAI 2012

Toward Indonesian Aquaculture Sustainability for 2020 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AQUACULTURE 2012 SEMARANG, NOVEMBER 23-24, 2012

Editor : Agung Sudaryono Mahmud Hasan Gunawan Prasetyo Budi

Supported by :

PT. Matahari Sakti shapingaquaculturetogether PT. Sinta Prima Feedmill Qualified Feed Manufacturer

Hosted by : INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY www.aquaculture-mai.org PREFACE BADAN PENERBIT MASYARAKAT AKUAKULTUR INDONESIA CONTENTS PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AQUACULTURE INDONESIA (ICAI) 2012

“Toward Indonesian Aquaculture Sustainability For 2020” Semarang, November 23 – 24th, 2012

EDITOR : Agung Sudaryono Mahmud Hasan Gunawan Prasetyo Budi

Publicized by: Indonesian Aquaculture Society (IAS) Secretariat: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) - UNDIP Widya Puraya Building 2nd Floor, , Tembalang Semarang 50275 Post: PO Box 8023 SMEL Semarang – INDONESIA Telp: (+62 24) 70194598; HP. +62 857 4031 3146 ; Fax: (+62 24) 8318908 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.aquaculture-mai.org

Published by: BADAN PENERBIT MASYARAKAT AKUAKULTUR INDONESIA SEMARANG 2013

i REVIEWERS

The committee of ICAI 2012 acknowledges and appreciates to the following scholars for their dedication as reviewers for this special issue of the proceeding:

Prof. Dr. Edy Yuwono (Jenderal Soedirman University, Purworkerto) Prof. Dr. Ir. Chandrawati Cahyani, M.S (Brawijaya University, Malang) Prof. (Riset) Dr. Ir. Haryanti, MS (Research Institute for Mariculture, Gondol ) Prof. Dr. Ir. Slamet Budi Prayitno, M.Sc (Diponegoro University, Semarang) Prof. Dr. Ir. Winda Mercedes Mingkid, M.Mar.Sc (, Manado) Prof. Dr. Jacobus W. Moose (Pattimura University, Ambon) Prof. Drs. Agus Irianto, M.Sc., Ph.D (Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto) Prof. Ir. Sukoso, M.Sc., Ph.D (Brawijaya University, Malang) Dr. Dean Robert Jerry (James Cook University, Australia) Dr. Nyan Taw (Blue Archepelago Bhd, ) Dr. Sonny Koeshendrajana (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta) Dr. Ir. Ophir Sumule (BPPT, Jakarta) Dr. Alimuddin, SPi., MSc (Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor) Dr. Ir. Bambang Widigdo (Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor) Drs. Sapto Purnomo Putro, M.Si, Ph.D (Diponegoro University, Semarang) Dr. Dicky Harwanto, S.Pi., M.Sc (Diponegoro University, Semarang) Dr. Ir. Ita Widowati, DEA (Diponegoro University, Semarang) Dr. Ir. Isdy Sulistyo, DEA (Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto) Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M.Sc (, Yogyakarta) Dr. Ir. Asfie Maidie, M.Fish.Sc (, Samarinda) Dr. Ir. Windarti, M.Sc (Riau University, Riau) Dr. Ir. Haryati, MS (, Makassar)

ii PREFACE

Greeting from Indonesian Aquaculture Society (IAS). This proceeding is a collection of selected papers that have been presented at the forum of International Conference of Aquaculture Indonesia (ICAI 2012) with a theme “Toward Indonesian Aquaculture Sustainability For 2020“. In this good occasion, I would be pleased to inform you that the presenters from different backgrounds (academic staff, researchers, bureaucrat, industry) have contributed a significant knowledge in feed and nutrition, genetic and reproduction, disease and environment, and management and technology of aquaculture.

There were 53 selected papers including poster have been presented in the conference. However, the presenters without submitting their full papers would not be followed up and processed into the proceeding by the committee.

Papers submitted to the Proceeding had been initially assessed for suitability of subject matter and overall technical quality by the Editor-in-Chief. Papers inappropriate for the Proceeding had been returned to the author without further review. Furthermore, the selected papers were sent to the selected reviewers for their objectivity and competence in the subject area of the paper.

Hope this proceeding will be useful and could encourage the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge between scientists and industry personnel on important issues in aquaculture and how finding solutions and supporting to the industry.

Finally, I would like to thank everybody who has assisted in the publication process (drafting, editing, printing) of the proceeding. Thanks a lot for your kind attention and cooperation.

Semarang, March 2013

Agung Sudaryono, PhD Secretary General, IAS

iii Dear Aquaculture Enthusiast, ICAI 2012 returned to one of the favorite aquaculture meetings in Indonesia. This was part of an annual meeting program for aquaculture stakeholders (industry and scientists) organized and hosted by Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI) where every two years the event is alternately designed for international forum (ICAI) and national forum (Aquaculture Indonesia Conference). This conference was designed to encourage the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge between scientists and industry personnel on important issues in aquaculture and how finding solutions and supporting to the industry. This conference had been a meeting forum and current information sharing between scientists and business actors in aquaculture came from all over places in Asian Pacific and other countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, , Japan, Korea, Australia). The theme for ICAI 2012 was “Toward Indonesian Aquaculture Sustainability For 2020”. Global food demand increases 70% up to 2050 due to an increasing of the population. Economic crisis causing high unemployed people and high food demand has positioned aquaculture becoming an important industry sector as food supply and economic mover. Aquaculture is the world’s fastest growing food production sector by about 11 per cent annually. Aquaculture in Indonesia is one of the most feasible means of answering the expanding demand for fish, looking at the leveling off in the capture fisheries production and increasing demand for seafoods. Indonesia has a potential to be the greatest aquaculture producer in the world (67.7 millions MT per year) consisting of marine aquaculture sector (47 millions MT), brackishwater aquaculture sector (15 millions MT), and freshwater aquaculture sector (5.7 millions MT). However, this high potency is just utilized up to 11% and this will be a challenge to trigger for the Indonesia aquaculture stakeholders to be the greatest. Target of the aquaculture production in 2012 was expected to be 9.42 millions MT (increase 35% compared to the production in 2011). It should be that with this high production, aquaculture sector will be a sustainable economic growth primemover for a modern and prosperous Indonesian society. A sustainable aquaculture management is needed in Indonesia, including the development of infrastructure, investment, friendly environment, production and human resources. Future global aquaculture industry growth especially in Indonesia will be severely restricted if the aquaculture industry remains reliant on fishmeal and fish oil. So that in the future, aquaculture industry must reduce reliance on fishmeal and fish oil as a key ingredient in aquafeeds. A focus on looking for new sources omega-3 will be very important in developing sustainable aquafeeds. The next 10 years, Indonesia will face some great challenges for the sustainable development of aquaculture industry. This conference would allow us to look at many threats and opportunities and consider how to best manage the sustainable development of the global aquaculture industry especially toward Indonesian aquaculture sustainability for 2020. There were some plenary sessions and topics-based parallel class sessions for a two-days of the conference. The class sessions consisted of (1) Food Safety & Sustainability; (2) Aquaculture Technology Innovation; (3) Aquaculture Business/Industry (shrimp, finfish, seaweed, eel); (4) Feed Management & Development. Due to limited presentation time slots, so only the selected papers were orally presented, however other accepted papers were presented in a poster exhibition. International and regional aquaculture experts had come to deliver keynote during the conference. Finally, there is nothing to be spoken except thank you for the participants, sponsorship partners, and all the people who had contributed in this ICAI 2012 so the event had been successful.

Rita Rostika Chief of the Organizing Committee, ICAI 2012

iv OBJECTIVES OF ICAI 2012

The conferences will be the gathering place for researchers, farmers and managers from all areas of the aquaculture and related fields. Over 300 attendees from around the world (Asian Pacific and Indonesia) with different proffesions in aquaculture are expected to meet opening opportunities for interaction and networking. The conference represents an excellent forum to communicate and discuss relevant topics to culturing marine and freshwater finfish, shellfish and seaweeds. Specifically, the objectives are:  To discuss and update information on the latest aquaculture technology advances in marine finfish, freshwater finfish, shellfish, and seaweeds  To share experiences among scientists, policy makers and industry on emerging needs for aquaculture industry.  To provide an opportunity of collaboration among scientists and industry from different institutions and countries in aquaculture research development.  To enhance interaction between scientists and producers or practiciants  To identify priority research areas for development of sustainable aquaculture

PARTICIPANTS OF ICAI 2012 The ICAI 2012 held in Semarang, Indonesia was attended by 130 participants from around the world especially Asia Pacific and Indonesia with different professions who were enthusiast in aquaculture industry. They were educators, policy makers, scientists, technical services, students, industry partners, associations and professionals in aquaculture, farmers, traders, investors, and government representatives. A small exhibition had been part of the event to show the selected new products, services and technologies related to the industry.

v PROGRAM OF ICAI 2012

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 22 13:00 – 20:00 Registration Open & Exhibit Set-up Submission of files for oral presentations, Poster Set-up, Check In Hotel 20:00 – 21:30 MAI Member/Board Meeting 2012 FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 23 07:00 – 12:00 Registration Open 08:00 – 09:30 Plenary Session (Lecture I) :  Current Issues and Development of Sustainable Global Aquaculture Production and Business (Roy D. Palmer, FAICD; Past President WAS- APC/Australia Business Development Manager – GAA/BAP)  Revitalization Project of Shrimp Farming in Indonesia 08:30 – 17:30 (Dr. Slamet Soebjakto, Director General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs) Exhibition / 09:30 – 09:45 Coffee Break (Provided) Poster Open 09:45 – 10:40 Welcome Speech: Prof Rohmin Dahuri, President IAS Signing MOU : GAA and IAS Signing MOU: Directorat General of Aquaculture and IAS Presenting MAI Award 2012

Opening Ceremony and Keynote Speech: “Strengthen and Speed Up Sustainable Aquatic Food Production Through Aquaculture Industrialization” Minister for Marine and Fisheries Affairs of Indonesia, Mr. Sharif C. Sutardjo Inauguration of IAS Board Period 2011-2015 Inauguration of Sibusido 10:40 – 11:45 Plenary Session (Lecture II) : Moderator:  Advanced genomics : Indonesian breeding – leading the Dr. Bambang world in shrimp genetics (Dr. Dean Jerry, James Cook Widigdo University, Queensland - Australia) 12:00 – 13:20 Lunch Break (Provided) (Poster sessions) Presentation of Selected Papers 13:20 – 17:00  Food Safety and Sustainable Aquaculture Class 13:20 – 17:00  Innovations in Aquaculture Technology Class 13:20 – 17:00  Feed Management and Development Class

13:20 – 17:00  Aquaculture Management and Business Class 15:20 – 15:40 Coffee Break (Provided) 19:00 – 21:30 President’s Reception/Gala Dinner (optional)

vi

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24

07:00 – 10:00 Registration Open 08:00 – 10:20 Plenary Session (Lecture III) :  Global Climate Change Impact On Seafood Production (Fishery & Aquaculture): How should we do? (President of the Indonesian Aquaculture Society (IAS), Moderator: Prof. Rokhmin Dahuri) Dr Agung  Prospect and Current Market For Aquaculture in Indonesia & Sudaryono Global (Mr. Thomas Darmawan, President AP5I)

 Disease Management Practices In Shrimp Farming: Problem Solving for Sustainable Global Shrimp Aquaculture (Dr. Nyan Taw, Blue Archipelago, Malaysia)

 Feed Management and Development for Sustainable Aquaculture (Prof. Shunsuke Koshio, Kagoshima University, Japan ) 10:20 – 10:40 Coffee Break (Provided) 08:30 – 15:00 Presentation of Selected Papers Exhibition 10:40 – 12:40  Food Safety and Sustainability Aquaculture Class Open 10:40 – 12:40  Innovations in Aquaculture Technology Class A 10:40 – 12:40  Innovations in Aquaculture Technology Class B 12:40 – 13:20 Lunch Break (Provided) 13:20 – 15:50 Shrimp Aquaculture Overview (Lecture IV)  Current Status of Shrimp Farming Development in Indonesia (Dr. Bambang Widigdo, Indonesian Aquaculture Society/KUI) Moderator:  Global Shrimp Aquaculture Outlook 2012 (Roy D Palmer, Prof. Rokhmin WAS/GAA) Dahuri  Do Probiotics Work Effectively In Shrimp Ponds?: A Proven Research (Dr. Nyan Taw, Blue Archipelago, Malaysia) 15:50 – 16:00 Closing Remark: Prof. Rokhmin Dahuri, President IAS 16:00 – 16:15 Coffee Break

vii PARALEL SESSION

Food Safety and Sustainability Aquaculture Class

Friday, November 23, 2012 (First session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Dr. Sapto P. Putro; Room: Muria Room

13:20–13:40 The Richness of Bacteria Associated With Bacterial Diseases on the Giant Gouramy (Osphronemos gouramy) (Sarjito, Diponegoro University) 13:40-14:00 The Occurence of White Spot Synmdrome Virus (WSSV) Disease on Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Nort Coast of West , Indonesia (Rohita Sari, Diponegoro University) 14:00-14:20 Discovery of Traceability and Sustainability Aspects of Fish Meal and Fish Oil on Shrimp Aquafeed Industry in Indonesia (Agung Sudaryono, Diponegoro University) 14:20-14:40 An Integrated Biotechnology-Based Disease Prevention Strategy Involving Immunostimulants, Antivirals and Multiplex PCR (Ung Eng Huan, BioValence Sdn.Bhd) 14:40:15:40 Refreshment break

Moderator: Dr. Sardjito; Room: Muria Room

15:40–16:00 The Probiotics Application on Scylla olivacea Larvae Reared in Laboratory (Gunarto, BPPBAP Maros) 16:00-16:20 Tiger Shrimp Culture in Indonesia Using Local Probiotic Bacteria (Muharijadi Atmomarsono, BPPBAP Maros) 16:20-16:40 Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidan, Padina sp. in Tilapia (Alim Isnansetyo, University of Gadjah Mada)

Saturday, November 24, 2012 (Third session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Dr. Sardjito; Room: Eureka Room 10:40-11:00 Development of an Environmental Friendly feeding Management for Giant Gouramy ( gouramy Lac.) to Improve Aquaculture Sustainablity (Edy Yuwono, University of General Soedirman) 11:00-11:20 Biomonitoring of Environmental Quality of Practice at Lake Rawapening, Central Java Based on Macrobenthic Assembalges (Sapto Purnomo Putro, Diponegoro University) 11:20-11:40 Sustainable Seafood Production : Malaysian Status With the World Comparison (Md. Arif Chowdhury, Universiti Sains Malaysia)

Innovation in Aquaculture Technology Class

Friday, November 23, 2012 (First session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Dr. Alim Isnansetyo ; Room: Merapi I Room 13:20–13:40 Utilization of Gracillaria Sp. as Biofilter on The Nursery of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) in Silvofishery Pond (Rose Dewi/Tjahjo Winanto, University of General Soedirman) 13:40-14:00 Cultivation of Kepah Clam Polymesoda erosa (Solander, 1786) on Mangrove Ponds and Mangrove Ponds Without in Mahakam Delta East Province (Samsul Rizal, Mulawarman University)

viii 14:00-14:20 Performance Evaluation of Biofilter in Recirculating Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (Sumoharjo, Mulawarman University) 14:20-14:40 Specific Primer Construction for Transferrin Gene of Indonesian Nile Tilapia for Seawater Aquaculture (Irvan Faizal, BPPT) 14:40:15:00 Microbial Diversity Associated With Scleractinian Corals, Galaxeafascicularis and Stylophorapistilla: The Impact of Light Intensity (Khamsiah Ahmad, University of Khairun Ternate) 15:00-15:40 Refreshment break

Moderator: Dr. Rita Rostika ; Room: Merapi I Room

15:40-16:00 Genetic Diversity of Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina l. in South Indonesia: Challenge for Aquaculture (Magdalena Litaay, University of Hasanuddin) 16:00-16:20 Seaweed Bioethanol Potential from Southern Coast of Central Java : A Challenge for Seaweed Aquaculture (Maria Dyah Nur Meinita, University of General Soedirman)

CLASS : A

Saturday, November 24, 2012 (Second session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Dr. Rita Rostika ; Room: Merapi Room

10:20-10:40 Study of Thyroxine Hormone in The Reproducing Females of the Mud Crab (Heppi Iromo, University) 10:40-11:00 Haematological Performances of Jaundice Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burch.) (Subandiono, Diponegoro University) 11:00-11:20 Genetic Performance of Eight Strains of Cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Indonesia Evaluated by Using Microsatellite DNA Marker (Wahyu Kusuma, ) 11:20-11:40 The Genitic Diversity of Megalocystivirus from Indonesian Marine Fishes (Murwantoko, University of Gadjah Mada)

CLASS: B

Saturday, November 24, 2012 (Second session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Khamsiah Ahmad, S.Pi., MP., M.Sc ; Room: Muria Room

10:20-10:40 Specificity Haemolysin Gene Markers from Local Isolates for Rapid Detection of Vibriosis (Ince Ayu Khairana Kadriyah, Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture) 10:40-11:00 Effect Of Local Macroalgae On Feed Consumption, Growth, And Survival Rates Of Abalone (Haliotis Squamata) Reared In Floating Pastic Cages In Kuanheun Waters (Ricky Gimin,, University Of Nusa Cendana) 11:00-11:20 Comparison of Nitrification Efficiencies of Sand, Polystyrene Microbead and Kaldnes Biofilter Media (Dicky Harwanto, Diponegoro University) 11:20-11:40 Transfer of Gene Encoding Tilapia Growth Hormone (TIGH) in Catfish (Clarias sp.) by Microinjection Method and Electroporation Method (Gusrina, VEDCA Cianjur) 11:40-12:00 Effect of Transport Techniques on Survival and Weight Loss in Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis squamata (Ricky Gimin, University Of Nusa Cendana)

ix Feed Management and Development Class

Friday, November 23, 2012 (First session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Ir. Dedy Yaniharto, M.Sc. ; Room: Eureka Room 13:20–13:40 Optimizing Noni Leaf Silage (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) in Feed to the Performance of Eelaes Hematologic (Anguilla bicolor) Infected by Bacteri Aeromonas hydrophilla (Mivida Febrani, University of Hang Tuah) 13:40-14:00 Amino Acid Composition Abalone Haliotis asinina Meat Fed Formulated and Natural Diet (Andi Besse Patadjai, University of Haluoleo) 14:00-14:20 Enhance Immune System of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) During Ammonia Stress by Protein Hydrolysate from Poultry by-Product (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Orapint Jintasataporn, Kasetsart Univ.) 14:20-14:40 Substitution of Detoxified Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal for Soybean Meal: Effect on Growth Performance, Enzyme Activity and Immune Response in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Riza Rahman Hakim, Kasetsaart University) 14:40-15:00 Fatty Acid Profile of the Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (M. Ikbal Illijas, Agriculture State Polytechnic of Pangkep) 15:00-15:40 Refreshment break Moderator: Ir. Dedy Yaniharto, M.Sc. ; Room: Eureka Room 15:40-16:00 Rearing of Anguilla bicolor Elver With Different Density and Types of Feed (Purnama Sukardi, University of General Soedirman) 16:00-16:20 Effect Of Protein Hydrolysate From Eri Silkworm (Philosamia ricini, Boisd) on hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus X Clarias gariepinus) Productive Performance (Orapint Jintasataporn, Kasetsart University) Aquaculture Management and Business Class Friday, November 23, 2012 (First session of Parallel Class) Moderator: Dicky Harwanto, Ph.D ; Room: Merapi II Room 13:20–13:40 Feasibility Optimization to Business of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Cages in Kutai Kartanegara Regency (Heru Susilo, Mulawarman University) 13:40-14:00 Shrimp Pond Environmental Quality Improvement and Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Production Increment through Better Management Practices (BMP) for Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture Application in Tarakan, East Kalimantan (Muhammad Budi Santosa, Indonesian WWF) 14:00-14:20 Quality of Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii in Relation to an Application of the Health Seaweed Certificate (Petrus A. Wenno, University of Pattimura) 14:20-14:40 The Bulungan Kalo Giant (Osphronemus septemfasciatus) as Potential Fish For Food and Aquarium Hobbies (Syaiful Herman, BAPPEDA Kab. Bulungan Kalimantan Timur) 14:40-15:00 The Application of Better Management Practices (BMP) Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture by Small Scale Farmers, Case Study : Toba Lake, North (Wahju Subachri, Indonesian WWF) 15:00-15: 40 Refreshment break

Moderator: Dicky Harwanto, Ph.D; Room: Merapi II Room 15:40-16:00 Catfish, Pangasius sp., Aquaculture Development in Minapolitan Area of Banjar Regency South Kalimantan Provinsi: Site Selection Analysis (I Nyoman Radiarta, Puslitbang Perikanan Budidaya)

x TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVIEWERS

PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRESENTATION OF PLENARY SESSION

1. Impacts of Global Climate Change On Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries: How Should We Do? Rokhmin Dahuri

2. Current Issues and Development of Sustainable Global Aquaculture Production and Business Roy D Palmer

3. Advanced Genomics : Indonesian Breeding-Leading the World In Shrimp Genetics Dean Jerry

4. Prospect and Current Market for Aquaculture In Indonesia and Global Thomas Darmawan Tjokronegoro

5. Do Probiotics Work Effectively In Shrimp Ponds? Nyan Taw

6. Feed Management and Development for Sustainable Aquaculture Shunsuke Koshio

7. Shrimp Pond Revitalization in Indonesia Slamet Soebjakto

8. Current Status of Shrimp Farming Development in Indonesia Bambang Widigdo

9. Global Shrimp Aquaculture Outlook 2012 Roy D Palmer

10. Disease Management Practices In Shrimp Farming: Problem Solving for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture Nyan Taw

xi PRESENTED PAPERS OF PARALEL SESSION

A. Food Safety and Sustainability 1 Specificity Haemolysin Gene Marker From A Local Isolate For Rapid Detection of Vibriosis Ince Ayu K.K and E. Susianingsih

2 Sustainable Seafood Production: Malaysian Status and Comparison with the World Md. Arif Chowdhury and Khairun Yahya

3 The Genetic Diversity of Megalocystivirus From Indonesian Marine Fishes Murwantoko, Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari, Christina Reto Handayani and Richard J.

Whittington 4 The Occurence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Diseases on Tiger Shrimp (Pennaeus monodon) in North Coast - West Java, Indonesia Rohita Sari, Sarjito, Slamet Budi Prayitno, Aditya Setiaji Wibawa and Dicky Harwanto

5 Biomonitoring of Environmental Quality Adjacent Fish Farming Based on Macrobenthic Assemblages: A Study Case at Lake Rawapening Sapto Purnomo Putro, Riche Hariyati and Suhartana

6 The Richness of Bacteria Associated With Bacterial Diseases on the Giant Gouramy (Osphronemos gouramy) Sarjito, Anisa Minaka, Ocky Karna Radjasa, Agus Sabdono and S. Budi Prayitno

B. Aquaculture Technology Innovation 1 Comparison of Nitrification Efficiencies of Sand, Polystyrene Microbead and Kaldnes Biofilter Media Dicky Harwanto, Sung-Yong Oh and Jae-Yoon Jo

2 Food Habits Tilapia and Cultivated on the Polyculture Pond Milkfish, Shrimp and Seaweed Early Septiningsih and Markus Mangampa

3 The Application of Probiotic on Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea Zoea-5 Larvae Reared in Laboratory Gunarto and A. Parenrengi

4 Transfer of Gene Encoding Tilapia Growth Hormone (tiGH) In Catfish (Clarias sp.) by Microinjection Method and Electroporation Method Gusrina, Komar Sumantadinata, Alimuddin, Utut Widiastuti and Raden Roro Sri Pudji

Sinarni Dewi 5 Study of Thyroxine Hormone In the Reproduction Females of the Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) Heppi Iromo, Muhammad Zairin Jr., Agus Suprayudi and Wasmen Manalu

6 Specific Primer Construction for Transferrin Gene of Indonesian Nile Tilapia for Seawater Aquaculture Irvan Faizal, Novi Megawati, Ratu Siti Aliah, M.Husni Amarullah and Suhendar I

Sachoemar 7 The Impact of Light Intensity on Diversity of Associated Microorganism of Scleractinian Corals, Galaxeafascicularis and Stylophorapistillata Khamsiah Ahmad

xii 8 Genetic Diversity of Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina L. In South Sulawesi Indonesia: Challenge for Aquaculure Magdalena Litaay, Rosana Agus, St Ferawati and Rusmidin

9 Diversity and Bioethanol Potential from Seaweeds Collected from Menganti Beach, Southern of Central Java: an Opportunity for Seaweed Aquaculture Development in Indonesia Maria Dyah Nur Meinita, Bintang Marhaeni, Tjahjo Winanto, Gwi-Taek Jeong and Yong-

Ki Hong 10 Tiger Shrimp Culture In South Sulawesi, Indonesia Using Local Probiotic Bacteria Muharijadi Atmomarsono and Endang Susianingsih

11 The Cultivation of Mud Clam Polymesoda erosa (Solander, 1786) In Mangroves Ponds and Without Mangroves At Mahakam Delta East Kalimantan Province Samsul Rizal

12 Haematological Performances of Jaundice Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burch) Sri Hastuti and Subandiyono

13 Evaluation on Biofilter In Recirculating Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Sumoharjo, Asfie Maidie, Erwiantono and Qoriah Saleha

14 The Utilization of Gracilaria sp. As A Biofilter for the Nursery of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) In Silvofishery Pond Tjahjo Winanto and Rose Dewi

15 An Integrated Biotechnology-Based Disease Prevention Strategy Involving Immunostimulants, Antivirals and Multiplex PCR Ung Eng Huan

16 Genetic Performance of Eight Strains of Cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Indonesia Evaluated by Using Microsatellite DNA Markers Ratu Siti Aliah and Wahyu Endra Kusuma

17 Effect of Transport Techniques on Survival and Weight Loss in Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis squamata Ricky Gimin, Thomas A. Nong Wera and Jotham S. R. Ninef

C. Aquaculture Business Industry 1 Feasibility Study On Optimization to Business of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Cages in Kutai Kartanegara Regency Heru Susilo

2 Catfish, Pangasius sp., Aquaculture Development In Minapolitan Area of Banjar Regency South Kalimantan Province with Special Reference to Site Selection Analysis I Nyoman Radiarta and Rasidi

3 Shrimp Pond Environmental Quality Improvement and Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Production Increment Through Better Management Practices (BMP) for Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture Application In Tarakan, East Kalimantan M.B. Santosa, D. Wiharyanto and M. Yusuf

4 Quality of Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii In Relation to an Application of the Health Seaweed Certificate Petrus A. Wenno and Frijona F. Lokollo

xiii 5 The Bulungan Kalo Giant Gourami (Osphronemus septemfasciatus) As Potential Food and Aquarium Hobbies Syaiful Herman, Sudjati, Muhammad Isnaini, Risham Riyadi, Muhammad Iqbal, Rusma

Hidayat, Asfie Maidie and Ismail Fahmy Almadi 6 The Application of Better Management Practices (BMP) Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) Aquaculture By Small Scale Farmers, Case Study : Toba Lake, North Sumatra W. Subachri, A. Nasution and M. Yusuf

D. Feed Management and Development 1 Traceability and Sustainability Analysis Aspects of Fish Meal and Fish Oil on Shrimp Aquafeed Industry In Indonesia Agung Sudaryono, Mahmud Hasan and Candika Yusuf

2 Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidan from Padina sp. In Tilapia Alim Isnansetyo, Aditya Arif, Triyanto and Noer Khasanah

3 Development of an Environmental Friendly Feeding Management for Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) to Improve Aquaculture Sustainablity Edy Yuwono, Purnama Sukardi, Isdy Sulistyo, Untung Susilo, Farida Nur Rahmawati,

Santosa and Endang Sri Rahayu 4 Fatty Acid Profile of the Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) Gwang-Woo Kim, Muhammad Ikbal Illijas and Yutaka Itabashi

5 Optimalization of Artificial Feed Using Noni Leaf Silage (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) to Hematologic Performance of Anguilled Eel (Anguilla bicolor) which Infected by Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila Mivida Febriani, Dwi Puji Astuti, Arning W. Ekawati and A. Rahem Faqih

6 Enhancement of Immune System of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Ammonia Stress by Protein Hydrolysate from Poultry By-Product Orapint Jintasataporn, Franz-Peter Rebafka and Akalak Nuchnoi

7 Rearing of Elvers Anguilla bicolor Under Different Densities and Diets Purnama Sukardi, Tjahjo Winanto and Taufan Harisam

8 Effect of Undetoxified and Detoxified Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal on Growth Performance, Enzyme Activity and Immune Response in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Riza Rahman Hakim, Orapint Jintasataporn and Nontawith Areechon

PAPERS OF PARALEL SESSION

A. Food Safety and Sustainability 1 The Effectiveness of Aquatic Plant In Decreasing Nitrogenous Compound Concentration In the Intensive Fish Culture System Devi Dwiyanti Suryono and Bambang Gunadi ……………………………………… 1

2 Perna viridis’s Growth and Reproduction Model Using Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Theory Fika Dewi Pratiwi ……………………………………………...…………………..…. 6

xiv

3 The Utilization of Bacterial Isolates to Enhance Growth Culture of Chaetoceros calcitrans Haryanti, I. Gusti Ngurah Permana, Ketut Mahardika and Fahrudin ………..… 21

4 Specificity Haemolysin Gene Marker From A Local Isolate For Rapid Detection of Vibriosis Ince Ayu K.K and E. Susianingsih ………………………………………………...… 30

5 Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity in Shrimp Tissues Through White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection Mohamad Adnan Baiduri, Ardiansyah and Andi Asdar Jaya ……………………… 35

6 Sustainable Seafood Production: Malaysian Status and Comparison with the World Md. Arif Chowdhury and Khairun Yahya …………………………………………… 43

7 The Occurence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Diseases on Tiger Shrimp (Pennaeus monodon) in North Coast - West Java, Indonesia Rohita Sari, Sarjito, Slamet Budi Prayitno, Aditya Setiaji Wibawa and Dicky

Harwanto ……………………………………………………………………………... 51 8 Biomonitoring of Environmental Quality Adjacent Fish Farming Based on Macrobenthic Assemblages: A Study Case at Lake Rawapening Sapto Purnomo Putro, Riche Hariyati and Suhartana ……………………………... 60

9 The Richness of Bacteria Associated With Bacterial Diseases on the Giant Gouramy (Osphronemos gouramy) Sarjito, Anisa Minaka, Ocky K. Radjasa, Agus Sabdono and S. Budi Prayitno …… 67

10 Indicators of Environmental Changes Due To Climate Change and Its Impact On the Fisheries Sector Devi Dwiyanti Suryono and Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik ………………………….. 73

11 The Genetic Diversity of Megalocystivirus From Indonesian Marine Fishes Murwantoko, Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari, Christina Reto Handayani and Richard J.

Whittington …………………………………………………………………………… 74

12 Carying Capacity of Brackish Water Pond for Tilapia Culture In North Pekalongan Region, Pekalongan City Priadi Setyawan ……………………………….……………………………………… 75

B. Aquaculture Technology Innovation 1 Energy Content and Viscerasomatic Index of Eel, Anguilla bicolor McClelland, Exposed in Different Salinity Farida Nur Rachmawati, Eko Burhan Arifin, Untung Susilo and Edy Yuwono ….. 76

2 The Application of Probiotic on Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea Zoea-5 Larvae Reared in Laboratory Gunarto and A. Parenrengi ………………………………………………………….. 80

3 Study of Thyroxine Hormone In the Reproduction Females of the Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) Heppi Iromo, Muhammad Zairin Jr., Agus Suprayudi and Wasmen Manalu …….. 86

xv 4 Effect of Different Flocculants on the Extract Quality and Agglutination of Nannochloropsis sp. Herlinah, Nur Wahidah and Muh. Saenong ………………………………………. 90

5 Specific Primer Construction for Transferrin Gene of Indonesian Nile Tilapia for Seawater Aquaculture Irvan Faizal, Novi Megawati, Ratu Siti Aliah, M.Husni Amarullah and Suhendar I

Sachoemar ……………………………………………………………………………. 95 6 The Impact of Light Intensity on Diversity of Associated Microorganism of Scleractinian Corals, Galaxeafascicularis and Stylophorapistillata Khamsiah Ahmad …………………………………………………………………….. 101

7 Tiger Shrimp Culture In South Sulawesi, Indonesia Using Local Probiotic Bacteria Muharijadi Atmomarsono and Endang Susianingsih ………………………………. 110

8 Histology and Histochemical Analysis of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) Primordial Germ Cells with Haematoxylin-eosin and Gomory Staining Methods Priadi Setyawan and Gratiana E. Wijayanti ………………………………………… 116

9 Genetic Performance of Eight Strains of Cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Indonesia Evaluated by Using Microsatellite DNA Markers Ratu Siti Aliah and Wahyu Endra Kusuma …………………………………………. 121

10 Effect of Transport Techniques on Survival and Weight Loss in Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis squamata Ricky Gimin, Thomas A. Nong Wera and Jotham S. R. Ninef …………………… 132

11 The Cultivation of Mud Clam Polymesoda erosa (Solander, 1786) In Mangroves Ponds and Without Mangroves At Mahakam Delta East Kalimantan Province Samsul Rizal ………………………………………………………………………….. 139

12 Haematological Performances of Jaundice Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burch) Sri Hastuti and Subandiyono ………………………………………………………… 146

13 Evaluation on Biofilter In Recirculating Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Sumoharjo, Asfie Maidie, Erwiantono and Qoriah Saleha ………………………… 154

14 The Utilization of Gracilaria sp. As A Biofilter for the Nursery of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) In Silvofishery Pond Tjahjo Winanto and Rose Dewi …………………………………………………….... 161

15 The Nursery of Milkfish Fry with Stocking Density and Fry Quality, Chanos-chanos Forsskall on the Control Tank Culture Tony Setiadharma …………………………………………………………………… 166

16 An Integrated Biotechnology-Based Disease Prevention Strategy Involving Immunostimulants, Antivirals and Multiplex PCR Ung Eng Huan ……………………………………………………………………….. 170

17 Protease and Amylase Activities in Giant Gouramy Osphronemus gouramy Lac. With Different Size as Basic Information to Feed Formulation Untung Susilo, Edy Yuwono, Farida Nur Rachmawati and Slamet Priyanto …….. 175

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18 Comparison of Nitrification Efficiencies of Sand, Polystyrene Microbead and Kaldnes Biofilter Media Dicky Harwanto, Sung-Yong Oh and Jae-Yoon Jo ………………………………… 180

19 Food Habits Tilapia and Milkfish Cultivated on the Polyculture Pond Milkfish, Shrimp and Seaweed Early Septiningsih and Markus Mangampa ………………………………………… 181

20 Transfer of Gene Encoding Tilapia Growth Hormone (tiGH) In Catfish (Clarias sp.) by Microinjection Method and Electroporation Method Gusrina, Komar Sumantadinata, Alimuddin, Utut Widiastuti and Raden Roro Sri

Pudji Sinarni Dewi …………………………………………………………………… 182

21 Genetic Diversity of Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina L. In South Sulawesi Indonesia: Challenge for Aquaculure Magdalena Litaay, Rosana Agus, St Ferawati and Rusmidin ……………………… 183

22 Diversity and Bioethanol Potential from Seaweeds Collected from Menganti Beach, Southern of Central Java: an Opportunity for Seaweed Aquaculture Development in Indonesia Maria Dyah Nur Meinita, Bintang Marhaeni, Tjahjo Winanto, Gwi-Taek Jeong and

Yong-Ki Hong ………………………………………………………………………. 184

C. Aquaculture Business Industry 1 Feasibility Study On Optimization to Business of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Cages in Kutai Kartanegara Regency Heru Susilo …………………………………………………………………………… 185

2 Catfish, Pangasius sp., Aquaculture Development In Minapolitan Area of Banjar Regency South Kalimantan Province with Special Reference to Site Selection Analysis I Nyoman Radiarta and Rasidi ………………………………………………………. 193

3 Shrimp Pond Environmental Quality Improvement and Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Production Increment Through Better Management Practices (BMP) for Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture Application In Tarakan, East Kalimantan M.B. Santosa, D. Wiharyanto and M. Yusuf ……………………………………….. 200

4 Quality of Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii In Relation to an Application of the Health Seaweed Certificate Petrus A. Wenno and Frijona F. Lokollo ………………………………………….. 208

5 The Bulungan Kalo Giant Gourami (Osphronemus septemfasciatus) As Potential Food and Aquarium Hobbies Syaiful Herman, Sudjati, Muhammad Isnaini, Risham Riyadi, Muhammad Iqbal, 213

Rusma Hidayat, Asfie Maidie and Ismail Fahmy Almadi ………………………… 6 The Application of Better Management Practices (BMP) Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) Aquaculture By Small Scale Farmers, Case Study : Toba Lake, North Sumatra W. Subachri, A. Nasution and M. Yusuf …………………………………………… 220

7 Business Feasibility Analysis of Seaweed Cultivation In Nuruwe and Kamal Ivone Raystika Gretha Kaya ………………………………………………………… 230

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D. Feed Management and Development 1 Development of an Environmental Friendly Feeding Management for Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) to Improve Aquaculture Sustainablity Edy Yuwono, Purnama Sukardi, Isdy Sulistyo, Untung Susilo, Farida Nur

Rahmawati, Santosa and Endang Sri Rahayu ……………………………………… 231 2 Inluence of Stocking Density On Survival Rate and Growth of Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) at Nursery Stage Iskandar, T. Al Gafhani and Sri Astuty …………………………………………….. 236

3 Fatty Acid Profile of the Red Alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) Gwang-Woo Kim, Muhammad Ikbal Illijas and Yutaka Itabashi …………………. 242

4 Optimalization of Artificial Feed Using Noni Leaf Silage (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) to Hematologic Performance of Anguilled Eel (Anguilla bicolor) which Infected by Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila Mivida Febriani, Dwi Puji Astuti, Arning W. Ekawati and A. Rahem Faqih ……… 253

5 Enhancement of Immune System of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Ammonia Stress by Protein Hydrolysate from Poultry By-Product Orapint Jintasataporn, Franz-Peter Rebafka and Akalak Nuchnoi ……………… 258

6 Rearing of Elvers Anguilla bicolor Under Different Densities and Diets Purnama Sukardi, Tjahjo Winanto and Taufan Harisam …………………………. 263

7 Utilization of Marine Worm (Polychaeta, Annelida) by Society As Shrimp Broodstock Feed In Shrimp Hatchery Rasidi, Mufti P. Patria and Joni Haryadi ………………………………………….. 268

8 Effect of Undetoxified and Detoxified Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal on Growth Performance, Enzyme Activity and Immune Response in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Riza Rahman Hakim, Orapint Jintasataporn and Nontawith Areechon …………… 278

9 The Effect of Acid Hydrolysis On Degradation of Lignoselulosa Bond In Cassava Peel As Fish Feed Yuli Andriani, Sukaya Sastrawibawa, Titin Herawati and In In Hanidah ………… 285

10 Traceability and Sustainability Analysis Aspects of Fish Meal and Fish Oil on Shrimp Aquafeed Industry In Indonesia Agung Sudaryono, Mahmud Hasan and Candika Yusuf …………………………… 290

11 Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidan from Padina sp. In Tilapia Alim Isnansetyo, Aditya Arif, Triyanto and Noer Khasanah ………………………. 304

12 Amino Acid Composition Abalone Haliotis asinina Meat Fed Formulated and Natural Diet Andi Besse Patadjai, Metusalach, J. Genisa and A. Tahir ………………………… 305

xviii Effect of Undetoxified and Detoxified Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal on Growth Performance, Enzyme Activity and Immune response in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Riza Rahman Hakima,b, Orapint Jintasataporna, Nontawith Areechona aDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand bDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Husbandry, University of Malang, East Java, Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Jatropha curcas is one of the alternative protein sources for fish feed. Its seeds are rich in oil, and the detoxified jatropha kernel meal obtained after oil extraction is rich in protein (60 to 66 % crude protein). Moreover the levels of essential amino acids (except lysine) are higher in detoxified jatropha kernel meal than in soybean meal. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of undetoxified and detoxified jatropha kernel meal on the growth performances, feed efficiency, enzyme activity, and immune response of Nile tilapia. Supplemental undetoxified and detoxified jatropha kernel meal in tilapia diets was conducted by complete randomized design with 3 treatments and 10 replications. Nine hundred tilapias with average weight of 6.43±0.37 g were stocked in 30 tanks at density of 30 fish per tank. Fish were fed three diets: reference/control diet without any jatropha kernel meal, and two other diets were 30% of undetoxified jatropha kernel meal and 30% of detoxified jatropha kernel meal added in reference diet at proportion 30:70. Fish were fed treatment diets at 4% of body weight for 30 days. The results indicated that there were significant difference (P<0.05) on growth performance, feed efficiency, enzyme activity, and immune response. The growth performance parameters such as daily mass gain, body mass gain, specific growth rate and survival rate were higher (P<0.05) in reference and detoxified jatropha kernel meal diets than undetoxified jatropha kernel meal diet. The same results were also shown in feed intake. It was high (P<0.05) in reference and detoxified jatropha kernel meal diets, while feed conversion ratio was highest (P<0.05) in group of undetoxified jatropha diet. Additionally, the highest (P<0.05) enzyme activity of amylase was observed in 30% of detoxified jatropha kernel meal diet. There were 0.126+0.021 U/mg protein on intestine at pH-8, while protease and lipase were no significant difference (P>0.05). Furthermore, the immune response parameters such as red blood cell and white blood cell count were higher (P<0.05) in fish fed reference and detoxified jatropha kernel meal diets than undetoxified jatropha kernel meal diet, whereas the other parameters such as total protein, immunoglobulin, and haemoglobin were not significantly different (P>0.05) among all treatments. In conclusion, Nile tilapia fed 30% of detoxified jatropha kernel meal diet showed a good performance and no different with reference diet on growth performance, feed efficiency, enzyme activity, and immune response which indicate that detoxified jatropha kernel meal is a promising new ingredient for the aqua feed industry.

Keywords: Tilapia; Jatropha; Growth; Enzyme, Immune response

Proceeding of International Conference of Aquaculture Indonesia (ICAI) 2012