20 Year Anniversary &2017 Annual Report Firmly Rooted and Growing

20 YEAR ANNIVERSARY &2017 ANNUAL REPORT FIRMLY ROOTED AND GROWING. LET’S DO MORE. PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

When I founded Population Crucially, our approach is adaptable across cultures, decades, Media Center (PMC) 20 years ago, and broadcast formats. These traits will become ever more my goal was to create an organization valuable as the world rapidly changes. There is so much more that would provide significant, long-lasting work to do. contributions towards global sustainability. I also knew the challenge facing development experts, activist organizations, and Media markets in the developing world are becoming more forward-thinking individuals all around the world was extreme. complex. Atmospheric carbon has now zoomed past 400 parts per million. Wildlife biologists tell us the 6th mass extinction By 1998, anybody who had seriously considered the steps is occurring – right now. PMC must effectively adapt, necessary to reach global sustainability had already realized evolve our operations, and expand our reach. We must get that dramatically increasing environmental protection, faster, better, and stronger at encouraging environmentally empowering women and girls, and slowing down and sustainable living through our programs. stopping human population growth were all inter-related – and mission critical. In 1998, the UN estimated global population would hit 9.4 billion in the year 2100 – now the UN expects 11.2 billion. Yet, few of my colleagues and friends had come to fully Almost 2 billion more than previously thought. PMC must understand the immense power that cost-effective continue to create transitional characters that our audiences entertainment could bring to bear. The power of stories will love and admire. With the power of role modeling, these can reliably spark social norm change, individual behavior characters will help individuals and communities overcome change, and create the at-scale demand generation necessary rumors, misinformation, and patriarchal social norms that to make headway on priority sustainability challenges. I knew block contraceptive use. These are crucial steps if we are to this was the indispensable service that PMC could provide. slow down and stop population growth as quickly as possible.

Fifty countries and 500 million people later, I am proud Some of my most cherished moments as President of to say that PMC has come a long way toward meeting my Population Media Center have come from hearing directly vision. My heartfelt gratitude and admiration go out to many. from communities and people – about how their lives have Our governing board. Our large and growing community of already been changed by PMC’s work. Your support towards donors and countless volunteers. And, of course, our brave our shared vision has been overwhelming, and we have and tireless global staff. accomplished so much. But, as you know, the world has never waited for stragglers. While we deserve to take a moment and Fortunately, our first blockbuster came almost immediately: look back together on our mutual successes, the most exciting the 2002 Ethiopian radio show, Yeken Kignit. Our East Los and difficult journeys still lie ahead. High aired on Hulu from 2013 to 2017 and was nominated for six Daytime Emmys. All along, our Theory of Change – which Thanks for being here with us, melds entertainment industry insight with behavior-change theory – has been able to create irresistible shows, appealing to diverse audiences with proven versatility and cost-effectiveness.

For example, our shows have catalyzed 1.1 million new family planning users at a cost of 89 cents each in Northern Nigeria (Ruwan Dare, 2009) and motivated 50 percent of WILLIAM N. RYERSON reproductive health clinic visits during our broadcast in Founder and President, Sierra Leone. (Saliwansai, 2014). Population Media Center

1 PMC’S FIRST BROADCAST MAKES AN IMPACT: one mother’s letter

GIRLS SHOULD BE ABLE TO WALK TO SCHOOL

PMC’s first long-running radio shows aired in Ethiopia. Yeken Kignit (“Looking Over One’s Daily Life”) premiered in June of 2002 and ran through November of 2004.

The following is translated from the mother’s letter: This 257-episode radio show inspired thousands of listener letters, including the one here, “These practices [of abduction and sexual violence] have reminding us that laws that prevented us from sending our girls to school even though they aren’t enforced do nothing. When public sentiment are only 12 years of age. This is because we were afraid that they changed, the laws were enforced. would be abducted on their way to school. Our first child was married at the age of 14 after she was abducted. PMC entertainment has been on the air around the world We were worrying for years, as we thought that our second child would face a ever since. similar fate. At present, however, the radio drama focusing on abduction and sexual violence, and the discussions conducted on these topics, have aroused considerable popular indignation. The people have now strongly condemned such inhuman traditional practices. In our locality and especially in schools, more and more people are engaged in discussions on these crucial issues. FOUNDER & PRESIDENT BILL RYERSON Unlike in the past, special punitive measures have been taken by community SPEAKS ABOUT THIS SHOW AND LETTER IN people against offenders involved in such crimes. As a result, we have no worry in A TWO MINUTE VIDEO HERE: sending our girls to school. Our children go to school safely and return unharmed. Please keep the program on the air.” POPULATIONMEDIA.ORG/OUR- APPROACH/EVALUATION/ - Mother from Oromiya, Ethiopia

2 ST RIES ARE WOVEN INTO US BECAUSE IT’S HOW WE UNDERSTAND

Stories are powerful. We are drawn to them. We remember them. If we understood ourselves and the world by what we experience, our world would STORIES, remain quite small. So we supplement. We learn vicariously. The stories of others – whether friends, strangers, or fictional characters – PARTICULARLY give us valuable information, stir emotions, and provide a frame of reference. IN MASS MEDIA, Mass media enhances and expands what we hear, read, and see – playing a IMPACT HOW crucial role in our understanding of ourselves and the world. Now imagine paying eight cents (Nigeria) or 53 cents (Sierra Leone) or 74 WE PERCEIVE cents (Burundi) to reach a person with important health and social messages– for two years. Imagine 67% of new health clinic clients saying that they came OURSELVES AND to seek services because of an entertaining radio show. These are the real THE WORLD impacts of PMC shows. PMC creates radio and TV shows around the world AROUND US. that don’t just entertain, they engage, educate, and inspire.

PMC’S MISSION

To use entertainment-education and mass media to promote social and cultural change by addressing the interconnected issues of the full rights of women and girls, population, and the environment. Our goals are to empower people to live healthier and more prosperous lives and to stabilize global population at a level at which people can live sustainably with the world’s renewable resources.

PMC’S VISION A sustainable planet with equal rights for all.

WWW.POPULATIONMEDIA.ORG/20TH-ANNIVERSARY 3 FOR VIDEOS, PHOTOS, AND MORE & WHAT IS NORMAL?

Things like schools, clinics, and condoms often exist within communities, but what if it’s not perceived as normal to use them? Social norms are crucial to empowering women and girls.

PMC doesn’t build schools or staff clinics or hand out condoms. We change the way people understand social norms, how they see themselves, and how they feel about using these resources. We do this respectfully and successfully with carefully crafted, multimedia storytelling.

Social norms are a core barrier or Individual change involves many steps. At-scale demand generation requires driver of behavior for all members of a PMC’s entertainment motivates people reaching large audiences with nuanced community. PMC’s large audience sizes to want to change, increases knowledge information. PMC’s characters role allow communities to reach “tipping and self-confidence to enable change, model use of products and services, points” where enough people change and provides tools and strategies to be defining expectations, correcting their opinions and actions to create a new resilient against challenges in pursuit and misinformation, and easing doubt or social norm — positive peer pressure. maintenance of change. fear.

4 & STRENGTH AND DEDICATION IN THE FACE OF RISK

Unfortunately, the beautiful country of Burundi holds the distinction of being the second poorest nation on the planet. Just 14% of women and girls have completed primary school, and less than 1% finish a secondary education – men and boys do not fare much better. Unsurprisingly, total fertility rates are well over five children 81% per woman per lifetime. Modern contraceptive use stands at 14%. Already the second most densely populated country in Africa, the U.N. expects Burundi’s population to of Burundians surveyed in grow by over 40% – in just 12 years. It is little wonder PMC feels an urgent need to serve the target audience were the Burundian people; we began working in Burundi in 2013. loyal Agashi listeners.

Since becoming an independent country, Burundi has also seen serious political instability and violence – including a 13-year civil war that ended in 2005 (only after claiming 300,000 lives). In 2015, President Pierre Nkurunziza announced he would run for, what was then, an unconstitutional third term. Street violence quickly escalated and confusion engulfed the entire country. 20% Following our global security plan, PMC staff in Burundi were instructed not to of clients surveyed at local continue production if they had any reason to think conditions were too dangerous. clinics in 2015 cited Agashi as Yet, on the morning of Saturday, May 16, 2015 – just three days after a failed coup – brave Burundian actors and actresses navigated roadblocks and interrogations to get their primary motivation for to the studio. attending the clinic.

Their dedication to their craft drove their urgency. PMC’s radio show, Agashi (“Hey! Look Again!”), was in serious jeopardy. Having been unable to record for weeks, partner radio stations – the ones that were still standing and broadcasting– were nearly out of episodes of Agashi. If new recordings were not made soon, the story would be interrupted at episode #143. This sort of broadcast gap can be 2.3X very damaging, leaving the audience feeling abandoned and important storylines Agashi listeners were 2.3 hanging unresolved. times more likely to say that their partner or spouse was “To maximize, this day was dedicated to intense rehearsals and recording,” open to discussion about remembers Jean Bosco Ndayishimiye, who directs the PMC-Burundi office, explaining that some adjustments to stories did have to be made – because some family planning. actors and actresses had fled the country.

Bravery and determination survived amidst machine gun fire and explosions. So did Agashi. For the stations that survived the violence, Agashi never missed any of its 208 episodes. The show became a huge hit, reaching more than two million people and costing a mere $0.74 US per loyal listener. $0.74 It cost $0.74 US per loyal Happily, Agashi 2, a 208-episode sequel to the first Agashi, began broadcast in listener of Agashi. A loyal August 2016 and ran through August 2018. We look forward to learning about the listener listened to more results and continuing our work in this important country. than half of the 208 episodes. 5 NOW I UNDERSTAND THE VALUE OF TREES

PMC’s roots are in global sustainability. Yet, even as we have focused for two decades on the social drivers of population growth in order to impact sustainability, we also aim to create a growing portfolio of programs that catalyze lifestyle change on issues like species protection and land use. A great example is Umurage Urukwiye (“Rwanda’s Brighter Future”), a 312-episode radio show in Rwanda.

PMC worked with the Rwanda Ministry of Environment’s reforestation effort to include a storyline that promoted tree planting and the conservation of gorilla habitat. The storyline follows a farmer, desperate to farm more land but without understanding soil erosion, species protection, or sustainable farming practices. The program measurably increased tree seedling purchases, and listeners were 3.4 times more likely than non-listeners to know protecting mountain gorillas can reduce poverty and bring tourists.

The sad truth is that virtually all of Earth’s ecosystems have been dramatically degraded through human actions, and ecosystems continue to be converted for agricultural and other uses to meet the needs of the expanding population. The good news is that the dogged pursuit of protected areas – creating more and expanding current ones – continues to be the focus of biodiversity conservation professionals around the world. However, human behavior in and around all protected areas is becoming more and more appreciated as an instrumental variable in their success. This is where PMC and programs like Umurage Urukwiye come into play.

In addition to promoting conservation of gorilla habitat and tree planting, PMC has produced shows that promote climate change adaptation, anti-poaching attitudes, and sustainable farming. Just as use of contraception is blocked by obstacles like fear of side effects or the low status of women, the environment suffers greatly from deeply ingrained social phenomena like anthropocentrism, nature deficit disorder, and consumerism. PMC is perfectly positioned to tackle these deeply embedded, and often highly personal, issues.

“THE GOVERNMENT HAD DECIDED THAT WE SHOULD PLANT TREES…I DID THAT. I DID THAT BECAUSE THEY ADVISED US TO DO THAT. BUT LATER, AFTER LISTENING TO THE PROGRAM, I NOW GOT TO KNOW THE VALUE OF A TREE, THAT IT STOPS SOIL EROSION. NOW I UNDERSTAND THE VALUE OF TREES.” – Umurage Urukwiye listener 6 1 2

Meet People Where They Are Offer Role Models

All people are immersed in, and contribute to, the For issues addressed in PMC’s shows, writers dominant social norms of their community. PMC develop different archetypes illustrating positive, works on deep-seated norms and behaviors. We negative, and transitional behaviors. Behavior specialize in catalyzing change with entertainment theory guides fictional interplay between these because strategic storytelling can create change where characters (Social Learning Theory, Social isolated service provision or direct messaging cannot. Cognitive Theory, Stages of Change, and more).

Zambia Guatemala A Closer Look A Closer Look

To meet audiences where they are, we first get With great episodic storytelling that to know our target audience. In Zambia, that was includes numerous cliffhangers and embodied in a 73-page report of key informant unexpected plot twists, characters are interviews, focus group discussions, and key interwoven into a compelling narrative. influencers. We need to know about lifestyles, values, and aspirations. We need to know where In Guatemala, PMC’s show Toma Mi people are found during the workdays, the Mano began in February 2018 and will run weekends, evenings. We need to understand who through September 2019. In one storyline, they are, what they do, when they do it, and – most Jefferson – a noble but timid man of 24 importantly – why they do it. years – lives in the shadow of his macho and violent father, Raúl, who pressures Two new shows, each 156 episodes long, launch in his son relentlessly for a grandson. Zambia in January 2019. Meanwhile, Jefferson’s employer, Ixchel Sanik De Figueroa – an indigenous, intelligent, and capable professional woman – gives Jefferson new perspectives.

* See PMC’s recently published article in The Journal of Development Communication to learn more about cost per attributal behavior change. Through love, uncertainty, hope, and “Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Mass Media Long-Running struggle, Jefferson and Andrea eventually Entertainment-Education for Social and Behaviour Change in Africa.” learn the benefits of family planning and confidently adopt the behavior. 7 WHY DOES PMC’S APPROACH WORK? to listenhisfavorite radioshow. the cameraandexplainshealways stopseverything yells “Cut!”Hethengrabshisportable radio,looksat action scene when his watch timer goes off and he spot featuredthecinemahero inthemiddleofan element of superstar inthecountry,who wasthecentral more attentiontoRajeshHamal,themostpopular former president got attention, but people paid even launch abouttheimportanceofthisshow.The married atage14toagirlaged12,spoketheshow’s Former NepalipresidentRamBaranYadav,whowas accomplished beforebroadcast. ended, butmuchofitssuccesscamefromwhatwas 208-episode Nepaliradioshow they havetobewellmarketed.InApril2018,PMC’s PMC showshavetobetop-notchentertainmentand In ordertoreachhugeaudiencesandcreatechange, catalyzing individualandcommunalchange. gender, educational,orotherculturalstrata– storytelling maycutacrosssocio-economic, audiences. Dependingonthetargetaudience, media, PMCshowsaredesignedtoreachhuge Promoted heavilyanddeliveredviapopular WHY DOES PMC’S APPROACH NEPAL Mai Sari Sunakhari Sari Mai Reach HugeAudiences A CloserLook 3 ’s marketing. One TV ’s marketing.OneTV Mai Sari Sunakhari Sari Mai

widespread normativechange. resulting inacumulativeeffectoflastingand to adoptandimplementpositivebehaviors, PMC’s audiencecatchmentzonesaremotivated A criticalmassofempoweredindividualsin normative possibilities for audiences. normative possibilitiesfor audiences. efficient way of openingnewbehavioral and delivered through mass-media is a powerful and PMC remainsstrong: theory-drivenentertainment As thesefiguresshow,thefoundational premiseof PMC.* change” measures are a standard evaluation tool for was just $1.62. These “cost per attributable behavior of thosewhobeganusingbednetstopreventmalaria result oftheshowwasjust$2.54perperson.Thecost planning withfamily,friends,orneighborsasa for thelistenerswhobegandiscussingfamily more excitingwasthatthecostperbehaviorchange audience wasjust0.53centsperloyallistener.Even We discoveredthatthecostofreaching 2015, oncebroadcasthadconcluded. nationally representative survey to gaugeimpact in million peopleinSierraLeone.PMCconducteda Saliwansai

Sierra Leone WORK? reached an estimated audience of three reachedanestimatedaudienceofthree Create Change 4 A CloserLook Saliwansai’s

8 $10,637,136 $9,997,225

$9,824,610 2017 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW $8,331,046 RAMATIC $6,994,573 D $5,461,243

$4,218,526 $5,428,812 $3,506,976

$3,725,588 $3,596,258 $2,134,893 $2,741,281 $1,088,487 $1,311,851 $616,484 $660,249 $1,808,863 $825,194 $391,447

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 PMC TOTAL SUPPORT AND REVENUE

2017 SUPPORT AND REVENUE UNRESTRICTED TEMP. RESTRICTED 2017 TOTAL

Contributions and Grants $3,377,202 $ 6,283,298 $ 9,660,500 Investment Income $ 352,934 $ 352,934 Other Income $ 623,702 $ 623,702 Net Assets Released from Restriction $ 4,821,782 ($ 4,821,782) $ 0 TOTAL 2017 SUPPORT AND REVENUE $ 9,175,620 $ 1,461,516 $ 10,637,136

2017 EXPENSES 2017 TOTAL IN MEMORIAM: Program: General Program Development $ 973,997 DAVID POINDEXTER

Program: Public Outreach $ 153,542 We were saddened by the loss of David Program: National & International Initiatives $ 5,139,781 Poindexter. David worked with PMC’s Founder and President, Bill Ryerson, Management and General $ 348,549 long before PMC was founded and was an honorary board member. Bill cites Fundraising $ 336,930 David’s mentorship as what enabled him to make PMC successful. David TOTAL 2017 EXPENSES $ 6,952,799 died February 8, 2018 at a hospital in Portland, Oregon, after suffering a 9 stroke. He was 89. DRAMATIC 2017 HIGHLIGHTS GLOBAL IMPACT, ONE STORY AT A TIME

BURUNDI NEPAL Agashi 2 (“Hey! Look Again!”) 208-episode radio show, Mai Sari Sunakhari (“Orchid, Like Me”) 208-episode radio August 2016 - August 2018 show, April 2016 - April 2018 Hilkor (“Ripples in the Water”) 104-episode radio show, April DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 2016 - April 2017; rebroadcast April 2017 - April 2018 Pambazuko (“New Dawn”) 156-episode radio show, February 2016 - September 2017 NIGERIA A Dade Ana Yi (“Truth Always Prevails”) 104-episode radio ETHIOPIA show, October 2016 - October 2017 Sibrat (“Trauma”) 226-episode radio show, rebroadcast 2016-2018 Jangala (“Song of Life”) 104-episode radio show, October 2016 - October 2017

RWANDA Umurage (“Inheritance for a Better Future”) 156-episode radio show, June 2017 - July 2018

EAST LOS HIGH & U.S. CONTENT UNITED STATES East Los High Hulu exclusive TV series on hulu.com, broadcast Following the success of our multi-Emmy Award® nominated the hour-long finale after four seasons and it was sold to series East Los High, we have launched a dedicated U.S. international territories, including England, Scandinavia, content arm. PMC will focus on developing, financing, and Middle East, Africa and more. producing original series on traditional network, cable, streaming, and digital platforms.

PMC produced East Los High in association with Wise Entertainment as a Hulu original series. It was Hollywood’s first series with an all Latino cast. After four seasons, a finale PMC’S WORK IS VITAL, aired on December 1, 2017. AND WE WANT TO HAVE A East Los High drew more than one million unique visitors to Hulu’s Latino page each month and has been featured in publications like the American Journal of Public Health for BIGGER IMPACT. its impact on issues like adolescent sexual and reproductive health. StayTeen.org’s website traffic doubled on the day East Los High launched. During the first season, 22 percent of Planned Parenthood’s total “the check” widget (a widget to identify your risk for pregnancy or STDs and whether you WWW.POPULATIONMEDIA.ORG/DONATE should get tested) visits were accessed through the East Los High website. 10 2017 INSTITUTIONAL AND CORPORATE DONORS ORGANIZATIONS HELPING TO CHANGE THE WORLD

Acting for Good Leuthold Family Office AmazonSmile MBA Health Group Ardhanari Foundation Montgomery Family Foundation Bancker-Williams Foundation One Talk Erik and Edith Bergstrom Foundation Perkins Family Foundation Biodiversity and Sustainability Fund Population Services International Simon Blattner Family Foundation John & Holly Robbins Family Foundation Boston Foundation Rotarian Action Group for Population & Development L. P. Brown Foundation Round Hill Fund Bureau de Cooperation Suisse au Burundi Ryerson University Bushrod H. Campbell & Adah F. Hall Charity Fund S&C Harvest Foundation Combined Federal Campaign Schneider Foundation, Inc. Davies/Weeden Fund Segal Family Foundation, Inc. DKT International Smoke Rise Foundation Dole Family Foundation Svetkey - van der Horst Fund of Triangle Community Foundation EcoTrust Flora L. Thornton Foundation Moses Feldman Family Foundation Turner Foundation Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia UNDP Gillespie Foundation UNFPA Jane Goodall Institute UNICEF JH Grantham Environmental Trust Vermont Community Foundation Gwynedd Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends Vital Spark Foundation Robert F. Hunsicker Foundation Weeden Foundation International Consortium for Emergency Contraception Williams Family Foundation Kendeda Fund

ADAPTING, EVOLVING, EXPANDING TOGETHER:

UNDERSTANDING WHAT AND WHY HIRING THE RIGHT PEOPLE TAKING HOLISTIC VIEWS PMC has invested in a new data Over the last year, PMC has significantly The JH Grantham Environmental warehouse to be able to better analyze reinforced and expanded our human Trust is funding two studies: a 3-year our impact. We’re excited to dive resource base, hiring talented longitudinal study to learn about a deeper into trends and be able to apply individuals at headquarters and show’s impact years after it has aired and that knowledge moving forward. throughout our offices overseas. a review of our social norms strategies.

11 William Eastham Nancy Harris James Eckstein Mr. & Mrs. William Harris 2017 INDIVIDUAL DONORS Dr. Regina Edmonds Mary Harris Bert Edwards Mary Harte Eric Efron Margaret Harvey Paul and Anne Ehrlich Benjamin Haskins Tim Aaronson Steven Branch John Eichinger David Hathaway Jennifer Abele Janet Brazill Ward Elliott Charles Hathaway Mark Abrahams Elizabeth Breunig Art & Elinor Elphick Dirk & Dixie Havlak Judith Ackerman David Brisbin Thomas Emmons Douglas Hawes Douglas Adams Lester Brown David Epstein Crystal Hayling George Adkins Doris Brown Sarah Epstein & Don Collins Rachel Haymon & Ken MacDonald Mr. & Mrs. Richard Adler Choral Brown John Michael Evey Jane Heald Dr. George Ainslie Erica Brown Reuben Farris Charles & Margareta Hedberg Kenneth & Gail Albert Marney Bruce John Feeney Ted & Margie Henning James Alcock Robert Buesing Mr. & Mrs. Randolph Femmer James Herndon Patricia Passmore Alley Barbara Bull Susan Fendell Judith Herzfeld Andrea & Richard Amend Gregory Bungo Louise Ferrell Susan Hessel Lorna Amsbaugh Jeff Burrow Eric Fieberling John & Nancy Heugel Alice Anderson Anita Busquets Liz Field Linda Berris Hill Joseph Angelone Barbara Barrett Byrne Leta Finch Sandra Brink Hill Sally Anson Mr. & Mrs. Timothy Caber Sal & Jo-Ann Fiscina John Hirschi Brian Appleberry & Gabrielle Mikula Diana Campbell Christina Fitzpatrick Richard & Margaret Hoffman Louise & Robert Arnold Dr. Irene Cannon-Geary Andrew Forrest Judith Hoffman Gert Aron Bruce Carlson Thomas & Florence Forrest Ron & Dianne Hoge Jeannette Atkinson F. Peter Carothers Christine Ryan Foster Karen Hollweg Victor Auerbach William & Calinda Carroll Rosalie Fox Glen Holstein Earl & Suze Babbie Mary Cartella Alan French Anne Honhart Aaron Babbie & Ara Vallaster James Carter Andrew Frey Mark Horlings Steve Bain Daniel Case Drs. Barbara & Richard Friedenberg David Hornig Virginia Baker Dick Catlin Alison Fuller James Hornig* Mary Bandura & Harton Smith John & Theresa Cederholm Newton Garland Galen Hoskin Dr. Albert Bandura Pat & Gene Ching Whitney & Nancy Garlinghouse William & Lucie Huckabay Donald Barber Brenda Clarkson Joseph Garofalo Jacqueline Hughes Brad Bardwell Robert Clear Lydia Garvey Jerry Hughes Kriss Barker John Cohan Alison Geballe Hank Imus Edwin & Janet Bartholomew Stephen Cohen Robert Gebelein Frank Insana Lucy Bartley Marcia Coleman Linda Geiser Gwen Isham Connie Battaile Glen Colton Steve & Kristy Giddings Walter Jacobs Dr. Harold Bauer Dr. Elizabeth Conant Mark Giese Ellen Jamieson Mr. & Mrs. Bennett Beach Paul Concus Katrina Glenn Jason Jay Armin Behr Graham Connell Gilbert Glickstein Wallace Jenkins Ed Bennett Scott Connolly & Barbara Wager Jane Goldhamer Sandra Jerman Debby Bergh Anneliese Crawford Elaine Goldman Carol Jewell Audrey Bernstein Eileen Crist Patzig & Rob Patzig Brian Goldstein David Johns Dr. Rameen Beroukhim Warren Cuddeback Alexandra Goode David Johnson Kaye Beth Margaret and Daniel Curtis Mark & Diane Gould Margery Johnson Jeffrey & Jocelyne Birren Camille Da Rocha Tom & Rosalyn Graham Fred Johnson Rose Bish Peter Davies Lindsey Grant Michael Johnson Joe Bish Ronald & Shirley Davis Valerie Grant Dr. Lloyd Jones June Bishop Cheryl Davis Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Gray Janice Juraska Norman Bishop Bijan Dehbozorgi David Green & Myrth York Dr. Keith Kaback Linda Black Richard Andrew Deitz Hope Green & Bob Arns Jeremy Kagan Mitchell Blair Debra Delman Janet Greene Marcia Kamiya-Cross Jennifer Blake Ann DeMarle Richard Gregory III & Louise Thorson Sandra Kanck Jonathan Blake & Elizabeth Shriver Dr. Constance Dent Nancy Griffin Lynne Kane William Blakney Linda Destefano & Richard Weiskopf Lucy Grimes Steven Kaplan Casey Blanchard & Dan Cox Marilyn DeYoung Dr. Richard & Gail Grossman Judith Karpen Lillie Bleau Madeline Di Nonno Helen Grumman Catherine Kashanski & Eric Sorenson David Blockstein Judith Dickerson Lynne & Charles Gunn Rita Kato Mrs. Elspeth G. Bobbs John DiMiceli J. Justin Gustainis Gary & Ilene Katz Catherine Bock Shoshannah Dobry Patricia Hackbarth Chapin Kaynor Elaine Booth Philip & Frances Dodd Robert Metcalf Hall, Jr. Barbara Keeton Amy & Ed Borer Dr. Daryl Domning Margaret Hall Jennifer Keller Leslie Bouffard Fabian Drixler Henry Hamburger Dr. Patricia Kenschaft Samuel Bozzette Barbara Du Lac Michael Hanauer Shirley Kiefer James Braden Don Dumond Steven Hannes N. Kay Killingstad Ed Bradley John & Mary Anna Dunn Eric Hanson Paul Killough Elizabeth Bramhall Candace Dwan Ann Harmon Taylor Kingston 12 Lois Kirschenbaum Dr. Thomas Moore Robert Rosenbaum Aija Thacher Adam Kleppner James Morgan Michael Ross Mark Thies Bram Kleppner Greg & Toni Morgan Pepi Ross Stephanie Tholand Paul Kleppner Barbara & Howard Morland Lena Rotenberg Michael Thompson Daniel Kleppner Diantha Morse Alice Runnette Don Thompson H. Felix Kloman William & Ann Naftel William N. Ryerson Deb Thompson Kathy Knudsen Zoilo Nagy Elizabeth Saam Joe Thomson Richard Koch Sara Nerken Milton & Jeanne Saier, Jr. Bruce Thomson Leon Kolankiewicz Michael & Suzanne Niebling Dr. John & Janet Santmann Missie Thurston & Brian Clifford Oleg Kolosov Peter Nimkoff Ana Sarbu Kathleen Todd Walter Kosec Tom Nims Donald Sargent & Judith Hall Diane Trenhaile Peter Kreckovic John O’Connell Marilee Scaff Kerstin Trone Elliott Krefetz Patrick O’Heffernan Kay Frances Schepp Ronald Tucker Robert Kretschmar Greg Oates Virginia Schilz Paul Ugalde & Catherine Symans Robert Kropfli Patrick Oliver Erich Franz Schimps Stephanie Ulmer Dr. Judith Kunofsky & Mitchell Shandling Barbara Otsuka Wolfger Schneider Gaylon Umbarger Dusan Kustudic Charles Otterson Joel Schwartz Jeffrey & Ellen Van Fleet Susan Labandibar Susan Overman Paul Scott Drs. Robert & Valerie Van Houten Susan Lake & Warren Long Paul Padgett David Seaver Koen Van Praet John Lamb Richard & Ann Park Peter Seidel Mary Van Vleck Richard Dottie Lamm Beresford Parlett Sally Seven Roberta Vandegriff Coralie Lang Fredric Parsons Lynne Seymour Richard Vermillion, Jr. Robert Law W. Todd Parsons Martin Shapiro Claudia Vetesy Norbert Lechner John Patrick Elizabeth Sharman Van Royce Vibber Barbara Lee Susan Perkins Jerri Lea Shaw Kenneth Vinciquerra Jim & Karen LeFevre Tom & JaMel Perkins Merri Lea Shaw & Bruce Carroll Cornelia Von Allmen Edward Lehrer Margaret Perkins Dennis Shaw David Voytek Spencer Lennard Alec & Serena Perkins Jerome Shedd Emily Wade Dr. & Mrs. John Lepinski Donald Petersen LeRoy Sherman Anna Walker Ben Lerner Drs. Robert & Veronica Petersen Daniel Sherr Carl Walker Daniel Levi Karen Gaia Pitts Elton Sherwin David Walker Adam Levine Laurie Plank Daniel Shively David Wall Charles Litweiler Roger Plenty Michael Silver Alice Dodge Wallace Joanna London George Plumb David Simcox Billy Wallace Louise Earle Loomis Chuck Poat Sachchida Singh Dirk & Bonnie Walters Marcena Love David & Marian Poindexter Frances Sippel-Wetmore Paul Wardell Merloyd Ludington Lance Polya Michael & Kay Smallwood Barbara Warren Dr. William & Vi Luginbuhl David Porteous & Vicky Smith Bryce Smith Diana Weatherby Nancy Luke Stuart Porteous Dick Smith Catherine Weaver Edward Lundquist Leonard Proctor Sylvia Smith George Webb John Lynskey James & Kathleen Proctor Sarah Snidal Dr. Charles Westoff Ellen Mahoney Jane Putch Phyllis Soboczenski Henry & Roya Weyerhaeuser Jerry & Sandy Manne Karen & David Pye Carl Soderberg Doris White Lt. Paul Marin Joelle Raichle Jane Sommers Jo Lynne Whiting Jack Marshall Dr. David Ralph George Spahr Margaret Whittaker Lars Martensson Deborah Ramsdell Richard Spies M. Boyd Wilcox John Martin Allan & Edwina Randall Dr. David Spingarn John Wilder Stewart Martin Naomi Ranz-Schleifer Kirsten Stade Yvette Wilhite-Hanshaw Patricia & Joel Marx Melinda Reed Maria Stadtmueller Thomas & Patricia Willis Brian Mason Gay Regan Fred & Alice Stanback Paul Winder Richard Mattheis Ken Regelson Carla Stayboldt Kenneth Winer John Matzger Robert Reiber Elizabeth Steele Robert Wittrock Cynthia McClintock Lindsay Reid Daniel Stein Roger Wykes II Marilyn McClory Bernard Resnick Wendi Stein & Brian Yarwood Dr. Robert Wyman Downs McCloskey, Jr. Barbara Ricca Matthew Stein Aaron Yassin Dr. Carl and Mary McDaniel Stuart Richter Sarah Stewart Mr. & Mrs. Norman Youngsteadt Holly McDonald William & Amy Rider Nola Stewart Leland & Florence Younker Michael McHargue Marilyn Riede Ken Stewart Dr. J. David & Geiger Yount David McLaughlin Travis Rieder Harriet Stinson* Jerrold Zar Kimball & Lisa McMullin Jean Rioux Fran Stoddard Dr. H.G. Ziegenfuss John & Rebekah McReynolds Fran Rizzardi John Strack Chuck Zierdt Pablo Meglioli Jane & Julian Roberts Mr. & Mrs. Bertram Strieb Ben Zuckerman Michelle Mehlhorn Wayne Robey Thomas Struhsaker *an estate gift Barbara Meislin Pat Robins & Lisa Schamberg Marcy Summers Holly Meyer Becca Rodomsky-Bish Margi Swett Robert Meyer John & Deborah Rohe Nancy Taube Keith & Jackie Miller Alexandra Rolland Doris Taylor Donald Mischke William Rolls Nancy & John Taylor Harriet Mitteldorf George Rose Scott Tegtmeyer 13 CURRENT PMC BOARD OF DIRECTORS CURRENT PMC STAFF

Bram Kleppner – Chair William Ryerson Charles Kalonga CEO of Danforth Pewter President & Founder Resident Representative, Zambia

Earl Babbie – Secretary Kiren Bansal Jean Bosco Kwizera Author & Retired Sociology Professor Associate Vice President Resident Representative, Rwanda of Development Jerri Lea Shaw – Treasurer Gabin Kifukiau Mabanzila Co-Founder & President of JBS International Kriss Barker Resident Representative, Vice President Democratic Republic of the Congo Virginia Carter – Emeritus Member of International Programs Retired Entertainment Executive Jean Bosco Ndayishimiye Joseph Bish Resident Representative, Burundi Jeff Burrow Director of Issue Advocacy Founder of S3R Holdings, LLC & Restaurateur Negussie Teffera Lillie K. Bleau Resident Representative, Ethiopia Administrative Manager Madeline Di Nonno CEO of the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media Ephraim Okon Lisa Caruso Resident Representative, Nigeria Head of U.S. Content Ron Hoge Rajan Parajuli Chairman of Pinnacle Engines Natalia Cereser Resident Representative, Nepal Resident Representative, Guatemala Tom Perkins Lindsay W. Reid CEO of Perkins Investment Management Nancy Christiano Program Manager Western Regional Representative Jane Putch William Rider President of Eyebait Management Scott Connolly Vice President Director of Research of Finance William Ryerson President & Founder of Population Media Center Molly Frizzell Wendi Stein Program & Partnership Program Manager Itang Young Development Associate Executive Director of the Abyssinian Fund, Inc & Assistant Stephanie Tholand Minister for Youth at The Abyssinian Baptist Church in the Christina Guérin Director of Program & City of New York Resident Representative, Haiti Partnership Development

Fatou Jah Missie Thurston Senior Research Associate Director of Marketing & Communications Susan Jones Finance Associate David Walker Executive Vice President CURRENT PMC PROGRAM ADVISORY BOARD

Dr. Neal Baer Lindsey Grant Edward Maibach, MPH, Ph.D. Bill Raffety Dr. Charles Westoff Dr. Albert Bandura Lucy Lee Grimes Evans Frederick A.B. Meyerson, Ph.D. Kate Randolph Paul Winter Amy Blackstone Lynn Gutstadt Leilani Munter Jonathan Salk Robert J. Wyman, Ph.D. Lester Brown Maisha Hazzard Dr. Jotham Musinguzi S.D. Shantinath, Ph.D. Philip Zimbardo N. Kate Cho Richard Heinberg Dr. Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka O. J. Sikes Robert Zinser Zoanne Clack Lucy Johnson Richard Ottaway, MP Steven W. Sinding John Coulter Jeremy Kagan Chris Palmer Arvind Singhal, Ph.D. Eileen Crist Patzig Shiv Khare Paula Woodley Katherine Spillar Herman Daly Doug La Follette Alexandra Paul Gloria Steinem Paul Ehrlich Richard Lamm Roger Pereira Sir Crispin Tickell Robert Engelman Anthony Leiserowitz Professor David Pimentel Monique Tilford Robert Gillespie Daniel C. Maguire Barbara Pyle Peter C. Vesey 14 NONPROFIT ORG U.S. POSTAGE PAID BURLINGTON, VT PERMIT NO. 399

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