SOWAs (including refs from Sacred Scripture, Sacred EDUQAS RE 1.2 GOOD & EVIL Key ideas / concepts Tradition and Magisterium) Keyword Definition Hypostatic union – the idea that Jesus is fully God and fully man. “For what is that which we call evil but the absence of good? Disease and wounds Established at the First Council of Ephesus in 431AD, this is often mean nothing but the absence of health; for when a cure is effected, that does not EVIL The absence of good and the impulse to seek our own represented by two fingers being on show in pictures of Jesus . mean that the evils go away from the body and dwell elsewhere; they altogether cease desires at the expense of the good of others, which to exist.” St Augustine ‘Enchiridion 3:11’ Homoousious – literally ‘from the same substance’. This is the idea that often results in suffering. all three persons of the Trinity share the same divine substance. (shown “He was despised and rejected by mankind. He was pierced for our transgressions, he FREE-WILL The decision making part of a person’s mind is called in Rublev’s icon when all three persons are wearing the colour blue.) was crushed for our insults… by his wounds we are healed.” Isaiah 53 the will. A will is free if the person is able to choose Perichoresis – the ‘round dance of love.’ Caritas (or love) is the key right from wrong without being controlled by other “I believe in one God, the Father almighty… in one Lord Jesus Christ.. consubstantial quality shared by the persons of the Trinity. This is shown in Rublev’s icon forces. with the Father.. In the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life.” (Nicene Creed) in the formation of the circle by the wings touching, and by the look they PRIVATION The loss or absence of a quality or something that is share with each other. “Go therefore and make all peoples my disciples; baptise them in the name of the normally present. Evil is a privation of good. Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.” Matthew 28:19 ‘Rock of atheism’ – David Hume famously claimed that the existence of SUFFERING Pain or loss which harms human beings. Some evil and suffering was the foundation upon which many people rejected “Jesus was baptised too.. As he was praying the heavens opened and the Holy Spirit God, hence, the term rock of atheism. descended on him like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my son whom I suffering is caused by other human beings (often called ‘moral evil’); some is not (often called natural love, with you I am well pleased.”” Luke 3:21-22) Inconsistent triad – J.L. Mackie noted that it is impossible to conceive of a evil). God who is omnibenevolent (all loving) and omnipotent (all powerful) yet “There are three things in love, as if it were a trace of the Trinity.. He that loves, that for evil to exist. Surely God would want to get rid of suffering and be able which is loved and love.” St Augustine De Trinitate 8,10 GOODNESS The quality of being like God; seeking the well-being of others selflessly. to? If evil exists, then God cannot be omnipotent and omnibenevolent. “The word was made flesh and dwelt amongst us..” John 1:14 Original sin – the idea that human beings carry within them the first sin INCARNATION ‘made flesh’. The Christian belief that God became committed by Adam and Eve. Most Catholics see it as a metaphor for the “he emptied himself.. Becoming as human beings are..” (Kenosis hymn - Phil 2:5-8) man in the person of Jesus, fully human and fully tendency that human beings have to be tempted and to cause suffering divine. “To understand the why of suffering we must look to the revelation of divine love… the to others through our disobedience to God. weaknesses of human suffering can be filled with the same power of God made visible CONSCIENCE Human reason making moral decisions. The Yetzer Ha’Ra – Jews do not have the concept of original sin. Instead they on Christ’s cross.” Salvifici Doloris knowledge we have of what is right and wrong and the say we have an ‘evil impulse’ inside that causes us to do wrong. It is God-given compulsion within all human beings to do opposed to Yetzer ha’tov (the good impulse) “Worship no God but me… do not make graven images…. “ Exodus 20 what is right and to avoid what is evil. Suffering servant – an O/Testament metaphor to show the importance of “Hear O Israel, the Lord your God, the Lord is one.” (Jewish Shema prayer – Deut NATURAL LAW The moral laws of right and wrong which are universal Jesus’ suffering. The suffering servant took the sufferings of others upon and not dependent on human laws. The belief in himself. "some people are going to get hurt, other people are going to get lucky, and you won't natural law is the belief that the moral law is find any rhyme or reason in it, nor any justice. The universe that we observe has discovered by every human being and is the same for Sermon on the Mount – Jesus’ key teachings in Matthew 5-7 detailing the precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, all human beings in all places at all times. no evil, no good, nothing but pitiless indifference.“ Richard Dawkins basic demands for Christian life. This parallels the giving of the commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai, setting Jesus up as the new Key thinkers…. "How dare you create a world that has such misery that is not our fault. It is utterly, authority to listen to. (Can link to the Transfiguration story) utterly evil. Why should I respect a capricious, mean-minded, stupid God who creates a St Augustine – Catholic philosopher who discussed the nature of Trinity as world that is full of pain?“ Stephen Fry Sources of authority – these are what Christians refer to when making love in ‘De Trinatate’, calling them ‘Lover, beloved and the love that is moral decisions: Bible, Example of Jesus/saints, Agape love, Church "I will be to the people of Israel like rain in a dry land” Hosea 14:5 "I will comfort shred between them’ AND also wrote about the nature of evil as a teaching & the Holy Spirit who can work through prayer. Catholics tend to privation of good, rather than something that exists separately in its own you Jerusalem as a mother comforts her child.“ Isaiah 66:13 focus on Bible (Scripture), example of Jesus /apostles/saints through the right. ages (Tradition) &Church Teaching (Magisterium). “God’s love is the fundamental moving force in all created things.” Laudato SI David Hume – philosopher who explored the problem of evil and was one Rosary – a meditative Marian prayer which uses beads to count the “We all carry within us a drop of the poison of that way of thinking that the of the first to point out the inconsistency of God’s characteristics with the prayers said. Focuses on different ‘mysteries’ of Jesus’ life which can be human being does not trust God.. he harbours the suspicion that God is a rival existence of evil and suffering in the world. used to reflect on our own lives. For those who suffer the sorrowful mysteries are particularly helpful. who curtails our freedom” Pope Benedict XVI in 2005. St Thomas Aquinas – Catholic philosopher who put forward the idea of Pilgrimage – a journey to a sacred place. Part of the tradition of the “God is with us to free us from the darkness of sin and death.” Dei Verbum Natural Law – a law higher than human law which is implanted in all people’s hearts. If we follow the five precepts of Natural Law (worship Church, pilgrimage can bring the believer close to God and can be offered up as penance. Pilgrimages mirror our earthly pilgrimage towards heaven. “I toast the Pope but conscience first!” Blessed John Henry Newman God, order society, reproduce, learn and develop AND defend innocent life), we should achieve eudaimonia (flourishing / well being). He also Lourdes- a sacred place in France where Mary appeared to St Bernadette. taught that an informed or educated conscience was vital in decision “The Rosary is the ‘weapon’ for these times.” St Padre Pio It is a popular plac e of pilgrimage. It is a place of healing – both physical making. and spiritual. “[statues] turn men’s minds devoutly towards God.” Sacrosanctum Concilium Blessed John Henry Newman – said that conscience was the ‘aboriginal Forms of expression – the Pieta is a sculpture by Michelangelo that looks “Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey toward heaven and are traditionally very vicar of Christ’ – the most important source of authority in moral decision at the ambivalence that Catholics have towards suffering as it shows special occasions for renewal in prayer..” CCC making. Mary calmly accepting the death of Jesus.