Nikko " Is Meant in General That Region Lying to the North-West of the Province Simotsuke, and Extends Over the Dis- Tricts Both of Siwoya and Kami-Tsuka

Synopsis Corn posacearum N ikkoensis. by J. Matsumura et G. IKoidzumi.

INTRODUCTION. By " Nikko " is meant in general that region lying to the north-west of the province Simotsuke, and extends over the dis- tricts both of Siwoya and Kami-Tsuka. In altitude, it ranges from 613 meters in the small town of Hachiesi, to 2483 meters in the alpine zone of Mt. Nantaisan. There are many volcanoes in Nikko. Mt. Nantaisan or Kurokamiyama, a dormant volcano, presenting an exquisite scene approaching closely truncated conical form of Mt. Fuji, soars almost in the center of this district. Many other volcanoes, such as TarOsan, Omanakosan, Komanakosan, Akanagisan, Nyohosan, Shirane- san, and Kesamaruyama, stand vigorously surrounding this great volcano. The main drainage system of the clear valley of Daiyagawa consists of the Chuzenji lake, which located just at the foot of Milt. Nantaisan, flows eastward to join with the river Kinugawa. It is neither necessary to enter in detail into the physiographic features nor into a full description of the fine and beautiful scenery, since those accounts of this district, with an excellent map, will be found in late Mr. Y. Saito's paper entitled "the geology of Nikko volcanic group" in "Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Coma aittee. No. XX VII. (1.900) ". However, we are of a great interest to investigate the florula of Nikko, for the reason that the vegeta- tion of that region is not only very rich, but also several in- teresting plant-formations are found. The enumeration of the composite plants of Nikko, have previously been made by one of us, viz. in J,. Nlatsumura's "List of Plants found in Nikko and its vicinity (1894) ". Since the 86 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE, [vol.x%lv. lo. 279, publication of the list, much additional knowledge has been accumulated ; so the present work is undertaken to revise the family according to our up-to-date knowledge.

Plantarum Composacsarum in tractu Nikko Collectarum, descriptiones.

SUBFAM. I. LIGULIFLORAE. DC.

Plantae lactantes. Capitulum homogamum, floribus omnibus ligulatis hermaphroditis. CIavis diagriostica generum. 1. Pappus plumosus...... Picris. Pappus setosus...... 2. 2. Achenia fusiformia, superne muricata ...... Taraxacum. Achenia nuda, ...... 3. 3. Achenia, compressa, rarius prismatica ...... 4. Achenia teretia ...... 5. 4. Achenia rostrata, basi augusta.ta ...... Lactuca Achenia apice truucata, erostria...... Prenanthes 5. Achenia fusiforinia, basi apiceque contracts, ... Crepis Achenia apice truncata ...... Hieracium Picris hieracioid s, L. Sp. p1. ed. 2. p. 1115 ;--DC. Prodr. VII. p. 128 ;--LLDEB. Fl. Ross, II. 798 ;--GRAY, Syn. P1. N-Am. If 2. p. 420 ;-Hoops FL Br. Ind. III, 393 ;-TIT0ME, Fl. Deutschl. 0. S, IV. p. 394, t. 606. P. hieracioides, a. typica, REGEL in HERDER. Pl. Radd. III. 4. p. 26. Hispida. Caules folios, paniculato-ramosi. Folia lineari- lanceolata, remote denticulate. NOM. JAP. HAB. in Nikko. var, japonica. REGEL,1, c. p. 25 ;-GRAY, 1. c. 421 ;-YABL, F1. Tsusim. p. 63, et Tokyo Bot. Mag. XYII. p. 27. P. japonica, TUG. F1. Jap. 299 ;-PR. et SAY. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 268 ;- MrvABE, F1. Kuril. 245 ;-SCHMIDT, Fl. Sachal. 154 ;-- MATSUM.L. P1. Nikko. 92. APP[L1910.] MATSUM.ET KO_IDZU]tI..--SYE.COMPOS. NIKKO. 87

P. davurica, FISCH., DC. Prodr. VII. 129. P. kamtschatica, LEDEB. F1. Alt. IV. p. 159. Caulibus, foliis subtus secus costas, involucrisque setosis vel setuloso-hispidissimis. NOM. AP. KOzorina. HAB. in paludosis Akanuma. Taraxacum ofcinale, WEB. var. corniculatum, KOCH. et ZIz. in "Cat. P1. Pal. 13. et 23 ", ex KoCH. Syn. F1. Germ. et Helv. ed. 3. I. p. 367 ;-FR. et Say. Enum. P1. Jap. I. 269. T. ofcinale, var. glaucescens, KOCH. 1. c. p. 367 ;-GRAY, 1. c. 440 ;--MASTUM. L. P1. Nikko. p. 92. T. corniculatum, DC. Prodr. VII. p. 146. Folia generaliter glaucescentia, involucri squamis linearibus sub apice calloso-corniculatis, exterioribus lanceolato-ovatis patulis. NOM. JAP. Tanpopo. HAB. in Yumoto.

Lactuca, L. Clavis specierurn. 1. involucri squamae biseriales, exterioribus minutis calyculatis ...... 2 Involucri squamae imbricatae, (Scariola)...... 7 2. Capitula multiflora ; herbae repentes, (Chorisma)...... L. stolonifera, Mx. Capitula pauciflora (circ. 5-10) ; non repentes (Ix-

eras ...... 3 3. Flores albi. ... L. Thun bergil, var. albiflora, MAK. Flores lutei...... 4 4. Folia radicalia sub anthesi nulla ...... 5 Folia radicalia sub anthesi praesentia ...... 6 5. Capitula circ. 10-flora; foliis indivisis ...... L. denticulata, MAx Capitula circ. 5-flora; folks pinnatisectis...... L. chelidonifolia, MAK. 6. Foliis radicalibus linearibus...... L. tarnaga wensis, MAK. 88 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE, Vol.XXIV. No. 79.

Foliis radicalibus oblanceolatis...... L. T unbergii, MAX. 7. P1. m. hirta ; praesertium foliis subtus ad costas semper barbartis ; rostrum acheniorum subnul- lum...... L. Raddeana, MAX. Tota glabra...... 8. Folia deltoidea, basi amplexicaulia ; rostrum a- cheniorum subobsoletum ... L. triangulata, MAX. Folia linearia vel runcinato-pinnatifida ; achaenia breve rostrata...... L. laciniata, i\IAK. Lactuca (Chorisma) stolonifera, BENTH. et HooK. Gen. P1. II. 526 ;-MAX. Met. Biol. IX. 364 ;--YABE, Fl. Tsusim. 64 ;- FORBES et HEMSL. in Jour. Lin. Soc. XXIII. 484 ;--MATSUM. L. P1. Nikko. 93. Ixeris stolonifera, A. GRAY,Bot. Jap. 396 ;-MIQ. Prol. F1. Jap. 123. Youngia pygmaea, S. et Z. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 194. NOM.JAP. Himejisibari. iwanigana. HAB. in pago Hachiesi. Foliis orbicularibus vel ellipticis, non lyratis. Lactuca (Ixeris) denticulata. (buTT)OMAXIM. in Mel. Biol. IX. 359; YABE, Fl. Tsusim. 64 ;-MATSUM. L. P1. Nikko. 92. Prenanthes hastata, THG. F1. Jap. 301. Ixeris ramosissima, A. GRAY, Bot. Jap. 397 ;-MIQ. Prol. Fl. Jap. 122 ;-FR. et SAY. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 271. Lactuca denticulata, a. typica, MAX. 1. c. 359. NOM. TAP. YakusisS. HAB. Umagaesl. Foliis caulinis oblongis vet subspathulatis, amplexieaulibus, inaequaliter subsinuato-dentatis, subtus glaucescentibus, radicalibus sub anthesin nullis. Lactuca (Ixeris) tamagawensis, MAK. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. VI. p. 56; ibid. XII. p. 44. L. versicolor, var. arenicola, MAK, ibid. XII. 44. L. versicolor, MATSUM.(non SCHL-BIP) L. P1. Nikko. 92. NOM.JAP. Kawara-nigana. HAB. in fossis Urnagaesi. A

APRIL1909.] ttiIATS U M ET KOIDZUM.--SYN. COMPOS. NIKKO. 8 9

Folia radicalia dense caespitosa, linearia glaueeseentia, in- tegra vel versus basin pauci-denticulata. Flores flay i. Pappus candidus. Lactuca (Ixeris) Thunbergii, (A. GRAY)MAX. in Met. Biol. IX. 361 ;-HAYAT. Comp. Formos. in Jour. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. XVIII. 8. p. 39 ; -MIYABE, Fl. Kuril. 245; MATSUM.L. P1. Nikko. 92. Ixeris Thunbergii, A. GRAY, Bot. Jap. 397 ;-MiQ. Prol. Fl. Jap. 123 ;--FR. et SAY. Enutn. Pl. Jap. I. 270. Prenanthes dentata, THG. Fl. Jap. 301. Lactuca Oldhami, MAX. ibid. IX. p. 363. NOM.JAP. Nigana. HAB. in monte Shirane, et Yumoto. Achaenia laevia, in rostrum attenuata ; floribus lu teis. var. albiflora, (A. GRAY)MAK. Bot. Mag. Tokyo. XII. 48. Ixeris albifiora, A. GRAY,Bot. Jap. 397 ;-Fr. et Say. Enum, P1. Jap. I. 270. Lactuca albiflora, MAX. 1.c. IX. 361;-MATSUM. L. P1. Nik- ko. 92. NOM. JAP. Sirobana-nigana. HAB. in monte Shiranesan, et Akanuma. Lactuca (Ixeris) chelidonifolia, MAK. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. XI. p. 47. NOM. JAP. Kusanowoba-no yakushiso. (J. MATSUMURA.) HAB. Kirifuri. Planta e basi dense ramosissima ; foliis pinnatisectis subtus glaucescentibus, laciniis tri-paucidentatis ; capitulis 5-floris ; floribus flavis ; acheniis hispiduloso-scabris, apice attenuate. Lactuca (Scariola) Raddeana, MAx. in Mel. Biol. IX. 355; -MATSUM. L. Pl. Nikko. 92. NOM.JAP. Ya.ma-nigana. HAB. in pedes montis Shirane, et Nikko. L. laciniata, MAKINO (=L. squarrosa, MIQ. vel L. brevi- rostre, CHAMP.) affinis, sed rostris acheniorum brevissimis subobsoletis ; foliis subtus pl. m. ad costas hirtis, non glabratis differt. 90 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE Cool,XXIV. No. 279. *Lactuca (Scariola) triangulate , MAX. in Prim, Fl. Amur. 177, et Mel. Biol. IX. 356 ;-REGEL, Tent. F1. Uss. no. 306 ;- KOMARO.F1. Mansh. III. 777. NOM.JAP. Miyama-akinogeshi (J. Matsumura). HAB. ad ripas aquarum Chuzenji. DISTR. Mat shuria, et Amur. Glabra ; folia deltoidea inaequaliter dentata petiolis alatis basi auriculatis ; rostris acheniorum subobsoletis. Lactuca (Scariola) laciniata, (H0UT'r.) MAKING, in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVII. p. 88. Prenanthes squarrosa, THG. Fl. JAP. 303. Lactuca squarrosa, MIQ. Prol. F1. Jap. 121 ;-FR. et SAY. Fnum. P1. Jap. I. 268.-MAx. Mel. Biol. IX. 353; L. brevirostris, CHAMP., YABE. Fl. Tsusim. p. 64 ;-HAYAT. Comp. Formos. in 1. c. 38 ;-MATsUM. L. Pl. Nikko. 92. NOM.JAP. Akinogesi. HAB. in Yumoto. Tota glabra ; foliis sessilibus, valde variabilibus, nunc linearibus integerrimis, nunc runcinato-pinnatifidis, vel interdum tan- turn dentatis. Crepis japonica, BENTH. F1. Hongkong. 194 ;-MAxIM. Mel. Biol IX. p. 36 ;-FR. et SAY.Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 271 ;- HAYAT.Compos. Formos 36 ;--YABE,FL Tsusim. 64 ;--MATSUM. L. P1. Nikko. 92. Prenanthes japonica, THG. Fl. Jap. 302. P. lyratus, THG. F1. Jap. 303. NOM.JAP. Oni-tabirako. HAB.in Jigoku. Prenanthes acerifolia, (MAX) MATSUM,in Cat. P1. Herb. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. (1886) p. 113 ;-MAK. Bot. Mag. Tokyo. VII. p. 133 ;--MATSUM.L. P1. Nikko. 93. Nabalus acerifolius, MAX.Mel. Biol. VII. 557 ;-FR, et SAV. Fnum. Pl. Jap. I. 373, et II. 419. NOM.JAP. Fukuos0. HAB.Nikko, Utanohama. Valde variabilis. Folia subregulariter vel iregulariter 3-5 * Newto our flora!

. Tomentoso-hirsuta ; foliis radicalibus sub anthesin prae- sentibus ; pedicellis brevibus:... M. japonicum. FR. et SAY. **. Hirta ; foliis radicalibus sub anthesin nullis ; pedicellis gracilibus...... M. umbellatum, var, serotinum, DC.

APRILxsxo.~ MATSUM.ETKOIDZUIVL-SYN. COMPOS. NIKKO. 91 lobata, lobes lateralibus saepe bilobatis, terminalibus trilobatis, interdum utrinque lobulato-dentata ; basi aperte vel profunde cordata ; petiolis alatis amplexicaulibus vel exalatis. Folia in superiore parte valde abbreviata, oblonga, ovato-oblonga vel lanceolata, omnia inciso dentata, sessilia vel in petiolum decur- rentia. forma nipponica, (FR. et SAY.) nob. Nabalus nipponicus, FR. et SAY. En u m. P1. Jap. II. 420. Prenanthes nipponicus, MAK. Bot. Mag. Tokyo. IV, p. 451. P. acerifolia, var. nipponica, MAK. ibid. VII. p. 133. Petiolis omnibus exalatis ; involucri squamis glabris. NOM.JAP. Fukuo-nigana. HAB. in subalpibus Nikko. forma heterophylla, nob. Foliis inferioribus ovato-oblongis utrinque lnclsodentatls, basi rotundatis, apice breve acuminatis ; petiolis alatis vel basi dilatatis ; reliquis sessilibus lanceolatis integerrimis. NOM.JAP. Maruba-fuku oso. (nob.) HAB. in Nikko.

Hieracium, L,. Clavis specierum.

Hieracium japonicum, PR. et SAY. Enum. P1. Jap. II. 417 ;-YABE, Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVII, p. 26 ;-MATsuM. L. P1. Nikko. 92. NoM. Jap. Miyama-Kozorina. HAB. in mote Shiranesan. Gracilis, 15-30 cm alta, hispidissima ; folia radicalia oblan- ceolata apice obtusa vel rotundata plerumque integerrima, caulina oblonga sessilia remote e t obsolete dentata, omnia utrinque hirsutissima. Hieracium umbellatum, h., DC. Prodr. VII, p. 224 ;- 92 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. (Vol. XXIV. No. 2; 9.

SCHMIDP, El. Sachal. 154 ;-FR. et SAY. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 273 ;- MATSUM. L. P1. hlikko. 92. var, serotinuin, DC. 1. c. 224. NoM. JAP. Yanagi-tampopo. HAS. in Akanuma. Caule hirto ; foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis remote serratis, marginibus scabris.

(To be continued.)