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Gravitational and Space Biology Volume 18, Number 2 June 2005 Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology ISSN 1089-988X ASGSB EDITORIAL BOARD Augusto Cogoli Luis Cubano Emily Holton Zero-G LifeTec GmbH Univ. Central del Caribe NASA Ames Research Center Zürich, Switzerland Camuy, Puerto Rico Moffett Field, CA John Kiss Patrick Masson Gloria Muday Miami University University of Wisconsin Wake Forest University Oxford, OH Madison, WI Winston Salem, CT Anna-Lisa Paul April Ronca Gerald Sonnenfeld University of Florida Wake Forest University SUNY Binghamton Gainesville, FL Winston Salem, CT Binghamton, NY Paul Todd Sarah Wyatt SHOT, Inc. Ohio University Greenville, IN Athens, OH PUBLISHING STAFF Stan Roux Mary E. Musgrave Robert Blasiak Editor-in Chief Publishing Editor Assistant Editor University of Texas University of Connecticut University of Massachusetts Austin, TX Storrs, CT Amherst, MA Nancy Searby Joan Vernikos Symposium Editor Symposium Editor NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA Alexandria, VA GENERAL INFORMATION Gravitational and Space Biology (ISSN 1089-988X) is a journal devoted to research in gravitational and space biology. It is published by the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology, a non-profit organization whose members share a common goal of furthering the understanding of the biological effects of gravity and the use of the unique environment of spaceflight for biological research. Gravitational and Space Biology is overseen by a steering committee consisting of the Publications Committee, the Editor, the President, and the Secretary-Treasurer of the ASGSB. The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology was created in 1984 to provide an avenue for scientists interested in gravitational and space biology to share information and join together to speak with a united voice in support of this field of science. The biological effects of gravity have been acknowledged since Galileo’s time, but only since the 1970s has gravitational biology begun to attract attention. With the birth of the space age, the opportunity for experimentation over the full spectrum of gravity finally became a reality, and a new environment and research tool became available to probe biological phenomena and expand scientific knowledge. Space and spaceflight introduced new questions about space radiation and the physiological and psychological effects of the artificial environment of spacecraft. The objectives of ASGSB are: • To promote research, education, training, and development in the areas of gravitational and space biology and to apply the knowledge gained to a better understanding of the effect of gravity and space environmental factors on the flora and fauna of Earth. • To disseminate information on gravitational and space biology research and the application of this research to the solution of terrestrial and space biological problems. • To provide a forum for communication among professionals in academia, government, business, and other segments of society involved in gravitational and space biological research and application. • To promote the study of concepts and the implementation of programs that can achieve these ends and further the advancement and welfare of humankind. A Collaborative Production: This issue of the Gravitational and Space Biology was produced through collaboration with the Professional Writing and Technical Communication Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Under the direction of Dr. John Nelson, the PWTC Program has trained students for a variety of professions that demand excellent technical writing and editing skills. Since its inception in 1990, the program has placed nearly 100% of its graduates. The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology is pleased to sponsor an editorial fellowship for students in the PWTC program at the University of Massachusetts, and gratefully acknowledges the contributions of its students and directors to the production of our journal. MEMBERSHIP: The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology welcomes individual, organizational, and corporate members in all of the basic and applied fields of the space and gravitational life sciences. Members are active in the fields of space medicine, plant and animal gravitational physiology, cell and developmental biology, biophysics, and space hardware and life support system development. Membership is open to nationals of all countries. Members must have education or research or applied experience in areas related to the Society’s purposes: i.e., Doctorate, Masters with 2 years experience, Bachelors with 4 years experience (student members must be actively enrolled in an academic curriculum leading toward a career related to the Society’s purposes), or special appointment by the Board of Directors. Membership applications may be obtained by writing the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology, P.O. Box 2581, Chapel Hill, NC 27515, or at the society website (http://www.asgsb.org). Gravitational and Space Biology is sent to all members of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology. Requests for copies, information about subscriptions and membership, changes of address, questions on permission to reproduce parts of this volume, and other correspondence should be sent to the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology P.O. Box 2581, Chapel Hill, NC 27515. Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology ii Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Featuring: Symposium I: Model Organisms for Exploration Biology Symposium II: Pharmacological Countermeasures to Physiological Changes Induced in Space Flight Additional Short Papers Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 iii Table of Contents Symposium I: Model Organisms for Exploration Biology………………………………...…………..1 THE YEASTS SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE: MODELS FOR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH – S.L. Forsburg………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 WORMS IN SPACE? A MODEL BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETER – Y. Zhao, R. Johnsen, D. Baillie and A. Rose.……………11 DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER - THE MODEL ORGANISM OF CHOICE FOR THE COMPLEX BIOLOGY OF MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS – K.M. Beckingham, J.D. Armstrong, M.J. Texada, R. Munjaal, D.A. Baker………..…17 USE OF ANIMAL MODELS FOR SPACE FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM – G. Sonnenfeld…………………………………………………………………………………………………….31 Symposium II: Pharmacological Countermeasures to Physiological Changes…………………….37 EXERCISE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR BONE LOSS DURING LONG-DURATION SPACE FLIGHT – P.R. Cavanagh, A.A. Licata, and A.J. Rice………………………………………………………………………..39 CONSEQUENCES OF CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATION TO SPACEFLIGHT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE USE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES – V.A. Convertino………………………………………………………...…….59 DIET AS A FACTOR IN BEHAVIORAL RADIATION PROTECTION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO HEAVY PARTICLES – B.M. Rabin, B. Shukitt-Hale, J. Joseph and P. Todd…………………………………………………………………71 Short Papers……………………………………………………………………………………….…...79 Advanced Life Support and Biotechnology: EVALUATION OF A SILANE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE TREATMENT – D. Blustein, N. Hinkle and A. Smith…………………………………………………………………………………..81 SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF CRYOPRESERVATIVE AGENTS FOR HUMAN CELLULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTS IN MICROGRAVITY – T.F. Elliott, G.C. Das, D.K. Hammond, R.J. Schwarzkopf, L.B. Jones, T.L. Baker and J.E. Love……………………………………………………………………………………………….……..83 PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF EXOTOXIN A IN STATIC AND MODELED MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS – S. Guadarrama, E. deL. Pulcini, S.C. Broadaway and B.H. Pyle………………...85 DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN EFFICIENT LED INTRACANOPY LIGHTING DESIGN FOR MINIMIZING EQUIVALENT SYSTEM MASS IN AN ADVANCED LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM. – G. D. Massa, J. C. Emmerich, M. E. Mick, R. J. Kennedy, R. C. Morrow and C. A. Mitchell…………………………………………………………………………………87 CELL BEHAVIOR IN SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED WITH RWV AND RPM – A.Villa, S. Versari, J.A.M. Maier and S. Bradamante…………………………………………………………….…….89 Animal Development, Physiology and Gravity Response: METHODS FOR THE CULTURE OF C. ELEGANS AND S. CEREVISIAE IN MICROGRAVITY – T. Fahlen, J. Sunga, J. Rask, A. Herrera, K. Lam, L. Sing, K. Sato, R.A. Ramos, M. Kirven-Brooks, and D. Reiss-Bubenheim………………………....91 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMCS HARDWARE FOR MULTIGENERATIONAL GROWTH OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN SPACE – M.E. Sanchez, M. Shenasa, A. Kakavand, R.S. Stowers, D. Leskovsky and S. Bhattacharya…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………93 iv Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL LONG-TERM RECORDINGS IN SPACE: EXPERIMENTS SCORPI AND SCORPI-T – M. Schmäh and E. Horn…………………………………………………………………………………………………….95 SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT ENVIRONMENT INDUCES DEGENERATION IN THE RETINA OF RAT NEONATES – J. Tombran-Tink and C.J. Barnstable………………………………………………………………………………………………………..97 Cell Biology: ANTIGENIC PROTEIN IN MICROGRAVITY-GROWN HUMAN MIXED MÜLLERIAN OVARIAN TUMOR (LN1) CELLS PRESERVED IN RNA STABILIZING AGENT – D.K. Hammond, J. Becker, T.F. Elliott, K. Holubec, T.L. Baker and J.E. Love………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….99 COUNTERMEASURE FOR SPACE FLIGHT EFFECTS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM: NUTRITIONAL NUCLEOTIDES
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