DOCSLIB.ORG

Asgsb.Indstate.Edu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Asgsb.Indstate.Edu Gravitational and Space Biology Volume 18, Number 2 June 2005 Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology ISSN 1089-988X ASGSB EDITORIAL BOARD Augusto Cogoli Luis Cubano Emily Holton Zero-G LifeTec GmbH Univ. Central del Caribe NASA Ames Research Center Zürich, Switzerland Camuy, Puerto Rico Moffett Field, CA John Kiss Patrick Masson Gloria Muday Miami University University of Wisconsin Wake Forest University Oxford, OH Madison, WI Winston Salem, CT Anna-Lisa Paul April Ronca Gerald Sonnenfeld University of Florida Wake Forest University SUNY Binghamton Gainesville, FL Winston Salem, CT Binghamton, NY Paul Todd Sarah Wyatt SHOT, Inc. Ohio University Greenville, IN Athens, OH PUBLISHING STAFF Stan Roux Mary E. Musgrave Robert Blasiak Editor-in Chief Publishing Editor Assistant Editor University of Texas University of Connecticut University of Massachusetts Austin, TX Storrs, CT Amherst, MA Nancy Searby Joan Vernikos Symposium Editor Symposium Editor NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA Alexandria, VA GENERAL INFORMATION Gravitational and Space Biology (ISSN 1089-988X) is a journal devoted to research in gravitational and space biology. It is published by the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology, a non-profit organization whose members share a common goal of furthering the understanding of the biological effects of gravity and the use of the unique environment of spaceflight for biological research. Gravitational and Space Biology is overseen by a steering committee consisting of the Publications Committee, the Editor, the President, and the Secretary-Treasurer of the ASGSB. The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology was created in 1984 to provide an avenue for scientists interested in gravitational and space biology to share information and join together to speak with a united voice in support of this field of science. The biological effects of gravity have been acknowledged since Galileo’s time, but only since the 1970s has gravitational biology begun to attract attention. With the birth of the space age, the opportunity for experimentation over the full spectrum of gravity finally became a reality, and a new environment and research tool became available to probe biological phenomena and expand scientific knowledge. Space and spaceflight introduced new questions about space radiation and the physiological and psychological effects of the artificial environment of spacecraft. The objectives of ASGSB are: • To promote research, education, training, and development in the areas of gravitational and space biology and to apply the knowledge gained to a better understanding of the effect of gravity and space environmental factors on the flora and fauna of Earth. • To disseminate information on gravitational and space biology research and the application of this research to the solution of terrestrial and space biological problems. • To provide a forum for communication among professionals in academia, government, business, and other segments of society involved in gravitational and space biological research and application. • To promote the study of concepts and the implementation of programs that can achieve these ends and further the advancement and welfare of humankind. A Collaborative Production: This issue of the Gravitational and Space Biology was produced through collaboration with the Professional Writing and Technical Communication Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Under the direction of Dr. John Nelson, the PWTC Program has trained students for a variety of professions that demand excellent technical writing and editing skills. Since its inception in 1990, the program has placed nearly 100% of its graduates. The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology is pleased to sponsor an editorial fellowship for students in the PWTC program at the University of Massachusetts, and gratefully acknowledges the contributions of its students and directors to the production of our journal. MEMBERSHIP: The American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology welcomes individual, organizational, and corporate members in all of the basic and applied fields of the space and gravitational life sciences. Members are active in the fields of space medicine, plant and animal gravitational physiology, cell and developmental biology, biophysics, and space hardware and life support system development. Membership is open to nationals of all countries. Members must have education or research or applied experience in areas related to the Society’s purposes: i.e., Doctorate, Masters with 2 years experience, Bachelors with 4 years experience (student members must be actively enrolled in an academic curriculum leading toward a career related to the Society’s purposes), or special appointment by the Board of Directors. Membership applications may be obtained by writing the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology, P.O. Box 2581, Chapel Hill, NC 27515, or at the society website (http://www.asgsb.org). Gravitational and Space Biology is sent to all members of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology. Requests for copies, information about subscriptions and membership, changes of address, questions on permission to reproduce parts of this volume, and other correspondence should be sent to the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology P.O. Box 2581, Chapel Hill, NC 27515. Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology ii Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Featuring: Symposium I: Model Organisms for Exploration Biology Symposium II: Pharmacological Countermeasures to Physiological Changes Induced in Space Flight Additional Short Papers Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 iii Table of Contents Symposium I: Model Organisms for Exploration Biology………………………………...…………..1 THE YEASTS SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE: MODELS FOR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH – S.L. Forsburg………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 WORMS IN SPACE? A MODEL BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETER – Y. Zhao, R. Johnsen, D. Baillie and A. Rose.……………11 DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER - THE MODEL ORGANISM OF CHOICE FOR THE COMPLEX BIOLOGY OF MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS – K.M. Beckingham, J.D. Armstrong, M.J. Texada, R. Munjaal, D.A. Baker………..…17 USE OF ANIMAL MODELS FOR SPACE FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM – G. Sonnenfeld…………………………………………………………………………………………………….31 Symposium II: Pharmacological Countermeasures to Physiological Changes…………………….37 EXERCISE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR BONE LOSS DURING LONG-DURATION SPACE FLIGHT – P.R. Cavanagh, A.A. Licata, and A.J. Rice………………………………………………………………………..39 CONSEQUENCES OF CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATION TO SPACEFLIGHT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE USE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES – V.A. Convertino………………………………………………………...…….59 DIET AS A FACTOR IN BEHAVIORAL RADIATION PROTECTION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO HEAVY PARTICLES – B.M. Rabin, B. Shukitt-Hale, J. Joseph and P. Todd…………………………………………………………………71 Short Papers……………………………………………………………………………………….…...79 Advanced Life Support and Biotechnology: EVALUATION OF A SILANE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE TREATMENT – D. Blustein, N. Hinkle and A. Smith…………………………………………………………………………………..81 SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF CRYOPRESERVATIVE AGENTS FOR HUMAN CELLULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTS IN MICROGRAVITY – T.F. Elliott, G.C. Das, D.K. Hammond, R.J. Schwarzkopf, L.B. Jones, T.L. Baker and J.E. Love……………………………………………………………………………………………….……..83 PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF EXOTOXIN A IN STATIC AND MODELED MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS – S. Guadarrama, E. deL. Pulcini, S.C. Broadaway and B.H. Pyle………………...85 DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN EFFICIENT LED INTRACANOPY LIGHTING DESIGN FOR MINIMIZING EQUIVALENT SYSTEM MASS IN AN ADVANCED LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM. – G. D. Massa, J. C. Emmerich, M. E. Mick, R. J. Kennedy, R. C. Morrow and C. A. Mitchell…………………………………………………………………………………87 CELL BEHAVIOR IN SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED WITH RWV AND RPM – A.Villa, S. Versari, J.A.M. Maier and S. Bradamante…………………………………………………………….…….89 Animal Development, Physiology and Gravity Response: METHODS FOR THE CULTURE OF C. ELEGANS AND S. CEREVISIAE IN MICROGRAVITY – T. Fahlen, J. Sunga, J. Rask, A. Herrera, K. Lam, L. Sing, K. Sato, R.A. Ramos, M. Kirven-Brooks, and D. Reiss-Bubenheim………………………....91 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMCS HARDWARE FOR MULTIGENERATIONAL GROWTH OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN SPACE – M.E. Sanchez, M. Shenasa, A. Kakavand, R.S. Stowers, D. Leskovsky and S. Bhattacharya…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………93 iv Gravitational and Space Biology 18(2) June 2005 NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL LONG-TERM RECORDINGS IN SPACE: EXPERIMENTS SCORPI AND SCORPI-T – M. Schmäh and E. Horn…………………………………………………………………………………………………….95 SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT ENVIRONMENT INDUCES DEGENERATION IN THE RETINA OF RAT NEONATES – J. Tombran-Tink and C.J. Barnstable………………………………………………………………………………………………………..97 Cell Biology: ANTIGENIC PROTEIN IN MICROGRAVITY-GROWN HUMAN MIXED MÜLLERIAN OVARIAN TUMOR (LN1) CELLS PRESERVED IN RNA STABILIZING AGENT – D.K. Hammond, J. Becker, T.F. Elliott, K. Holubec, T.L. Baker and J.E. Love………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….99 COUNTERMEASURE FOR SPACE FLIGHT EFFECTS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM: NUTRITIONAL NUCLEOTIDES
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jet Shoes - an Extravehicular Space Locomotion Device
    TECHNICAL NOTE -__-NASA TN D-3809- I JET SHOES - AN EXTRAVEHICULAR SPACE LOCOMOTION DEVICE by Duuid F. Thomas, Jr., John D. Bird, und Richard F. Hellbdum LungZey Reseurcb Center LungZey Stution, Humpton, Va. $ Y !/ yi I NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. APRIL 1967 I NASA TN D-3809 JET SHOES - AN EXTRAVEHICULAR SPACE LOCOMOTION DEVICE By David F. Thomas, Jr., John D. Bird, and Richard F. Hellbaum Langley Research Center Langley Station, Hampton, Va. Technical Film Supplement L-892 available on request. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTI price $3.00 JET SHOES - AN EXTRAVEHICULAR SPACE LOCOMOTION DEVICE By David F. Thomas, Jr., John D. Bird, and Richard F. Hellbaum Langley Research Center SUMMARY This report presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of an extra­ vehicular locomotion device. This device consists of low thrust jets mounted on the soles of a pair of shoes to provide a controllable thrust vector which can be used to produce translational and rotational motions. It was found that with a little practice, the subject could control his attitude and motion with a reasonable degree of precision. INTRODUCTION With the increase in plans to use extravehicular activity in space operations, it becomes desirable that an extravehicular activity (EVA) propulsion device be designed that provides a high degree of mobility, is easy to use, and does not encumber the user so that he is unable to perform necessary tasks. This report presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of one such device called "jet shoes." The work of Charles Zimmerman and Paul Hill on the "Flying Platform" (refs.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Program
    meeting program ASGSR 33rd Annual Meeting Hyatt Regency Lake Washington, Seattle’s Southport October 25-28, 2017 The Blossom of Heat VISIT THE ASGSR by Yiren Shen, Cornell Yuhao Xu, Cornell ONLINE MEETING PROGRAM Michael C. Hicks, NASA xcdsystem.com/asgsr/program C. Thomas Avedisian, Cornell Table of Contents 1 Program Chair Letter 2 Executive Director Letter 3 Tuesday, October 24th, 2017 Agenda 4-5 Wednesday, October 25th, 2017 Agenda 6-7 Thursday, October 26th, 2017 Agenda 8-7 Friday, October 27th, 2017 Agenda 10-11 Saturday, October 27th, 2017 Agenda 12-15 Thursday, October 26th, 2017 Concurrent Sessions 16-17 Friday, October 27th, 2017 Concurrent Sessions 18-21 Saturday, October 27th Concurrent Sessions 22-23 Symposium Chair Biographies 24 Plenary/Banquet Keynote Bios 25-34 Symposium Speaker Biographies 35 Town Hall Speaker Biographies 36 Investigator Posters 37-39 Undergrad/Graduate Posters 40 Middle/High School Posters 42 ASGSR Competitions 43 ASGSR Standing Committees 44 Gravitational and Space Research Journal 45 Meeting Room Map Visit the ASGSR Online Program for the latest meeting updates. ONLINE MEETING PROGRAM xcdsystem.com/asgsr/program A Letter from Program Chair, April Ronca Dear Colleagues, On behalf of ASGSR President David Urban and the Program Committee, I want to welcome you to the 33rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR) October 25-28, 2017 at the Hyatt Regency on Seattle’s Southport. of symposia and workshops presenting new research results and opportunities in space and gravitational life and physical sciences. This year’s Opening Plenary Session on October 25 begins with a lecture by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Editing in Plants 2 Garnish Garnish 3 Editorial & Contents Editorial & the Garnet Committee
    GARNish June 2016: Edition 25 Gene Editing in Plants 2 GARNish GARNish 3 Editorial & Contents Editorial & the GARNet Committee Welcome to the June Contents The GARNet Committee 2016 Issue of GARNish Editorial 2 Saskia Hogenhout Geraint Parry, David Salt The GARNet Committee 3 John Innes Centre GARNet Coordinator University of Aberdeen News & Views 4 GARNet Chair Nov 2014–Dec 2016 Committee member Jan 2016–Dec 2018 At the time of publication the Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9 8 British public are being asked to make a decision Jim Murray Sabina Leonelli Plants in Space 10 that might have a significant impact on many University of Cardiff University of Exeter aspects of scientific research. The current EU Funding News 14 GARNet PI (from February 2015) Ex-officio member funding landscape allows UK researchers to easily SLS16 Meeting Report 20 participate in pan-European collaborations – a Katherine Denby Sean May situation that might change, either subtly or more Brassica Information Resource 23 University of Warwick Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre significantly, if there is a vote to leave the EU. UKPSF Annual Meeting Report 25 Committee member Nov 2014–Dec 2017 Ex-officio member Araport11 Annotation 28 Currently, many plant scientists are frustrated by the Christine Raines pace of the EU decision-making process regarding Antony Dodd RTD2 Annotation 30 University of Essex research and cultivation of genetically modified University of Bristol Committee member Jan 2016–Dec 2018 and/or gene-edited crops. If the UK chooses to Spotlight on SLCU 32 Committee member Jan 2013–Dec 2016 ‘Brexit’ then UKGOV might need to consider these regulations at the individual nation level.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurolab Spacelab Mission the the on April 17, 1998, the Neurolab Spacelab Mission Lifted Off from Kennedy Space Neurolab Center
    NASA SP-2003-535 Results from the STS-90, Neurolab Spacelab Mission The The On April 17, 1998, the Neurolab Spacelab mission lifted off from Kennedy Space Neurolab Center. On board were 26 experiments Neurolab dedicated to studying the effects of weightlessness on the brain and nervous Spacelab Mission: system. Over the course of the 16-day mission, the crew worked through the Neuroscience demanding and complex payload to provide Spacelab Mission: Neuroscience Research in Space an in-depth and fascinating look at how a Research basic natural force—gravity—can profoundly in Space affect the nervous system. This book contains the results from the mission. Neurolab’s focus on brain and nervous system research allowed for continued from front flap in-depth studies and provided a series of complementary results. Even though Abstracts and introductions to the individual performing science experiments in reports provide a general scientific reader weightlessness presents significant with a summary of each project and why it Results from the STS-90, logistical and operational challenges, was done. Readers who are knowledgeable Neurolab Spacelab Mission the guiding philosophy on Neurolab about a particular area will find that was to surmount operational challenges individual reports have details comparable to meet the science needs, rather than to what would appear in scientific literature. alter the science to meet the demands Also, reference lists guide readers to the Edited by: of spaceflight. As a result, in most cases, published papers from experiments. Jay C. Buckey, Jr., M.D. the facilities in space on Neurolab were the The Neurolab mission was the last equal of Earth-based laboratories.
    [Show full text]
  • Locomotion-Encoded Musical Patterns: an Evolutionary Legacy
    Locomotion-Encoded Musical Patterns: An Evolutionary Legacy Andrew Warshaw Associate Professor of Music and Dance Marymount Manhattan College, NYC, NY Music and Evolutionary Thought Conference Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Durham Institute for Study of Music and the Sciences, University of Cambridge Durham, England, June 23, 2007 Abstract In this paper, I propose a neurodevelopmental terminology for the physical actions of musicians, based on the similarities of these actions to the fundamental locomotion patterns of vertebrate species. The terminology describes twenty categories of movements by which musicians produce rhythms and negotiate pitches. The categories themselves, as well as the sonic structures resulting from their interplay, I call Locomotion-Encoded Musical Patterns (LEMPS). I discuss LEMPS as a unique contextualization of neurodevelopmental pattern theory and demonstrate its potential to refer to a vast array of movement possibilities. With examples from scores for piano and other percussion, in which LEMPS are employed as technical descriptors of the human movement content of musical passages, I offer evidence of the uniqueness and significance of individual LEMPS. Audio and video examples illustrate how LEMPS terminology provides distinctive appraisals of musical structure, development, and transformation in improvisational and compositional contexts. On the basis of LEMPS correspondences between musical structures and vertebrate locomotion patterns, I argue for an evolutionary movement legacy inherent to instrumental performance. Finally, I make proposals concerning the usefulness of the terminology in problems of evolutionary musicology: the origins of music, musical processing dispositions, social bonding theories of musical evolution, and memetics. I. A neurodevelopmental movement taxonomy 1 II. The patterns in instrumental music 4 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Life and Biomedical Sciences 2
    2. Baker Fund Proposal Checklist Applicants must complete and sign the checklist. The checklist should be included as the second page of the application (following the cover page). Cover page use Baker form Checklist use Baker form Abstract* 1 double-spaced page Introduction (for continuations or resubmissions only)* 1 double-spaced page Discussion 10 double-spaced pages Glossary/Definition of Terms* (not required) 2 double-spaced pages Bibliography (not required) 3 pages Biographical Information (applicant(s) and key personnel) 3 pages per person Other Support (applicant(s) and key personnel) 1 page per person Budget and Justification no limit specified Appended Materials 10 pages; no more than 10 minutes of footage Recommended Reviewers 5 required Electronic copy of proposal Single Acrobat file, containing entire proposal and required signatures * These sections should be written in language understandable by an informed layperson to assist the committee in its review. **Please note: The committee has the right to return without review any proposals that do not conform to these format requirements.** Applicant signature: _____ ___________________________________ 2 3. Abstract Have you ever planted a seed? Did you plant it right side up? Of course you never had to think about it; there is no right-side-up. Germinating seedlings know which way is up, because of gravity. Gravity is a fundamental stimulus directing plant growth and development. Yet, even so, we still don’t fully understand how plants respond to it. One of the biggest questions remaining is that of signal transduction, how plants convert the physical information provided by gravity into a biochemical response.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self- Support, and the Walk-Run Transition
    The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self- Support, and the Walk-Run Transition The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Carr CE, McGee J (2009) The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self- Support, and the Walk-Run Transition. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6614. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0006614 As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006614 Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52418 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self-Support, and the Walk-Run Transition Christopher E. Carr*, Jeremy McGee Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America Abstract Background: How space suits affect the preferred walk-run transition is an open question with relevance to human biomechanics and planetary extravehicular activity. Walking and running energetics differ; in reduced gravity (,0.5 g), running, unlike on Earth, uses less energy per distance than walking. Methodology/Principal Findings: The walk-run transition (denoted *) correlates with the Froude Number (Fr = v2/gL, velocity v, gravitational acceleration g, leg length L). Human unsuited Fr* is relatively constant (,0.5) with gravity but increases substantially with decreasing gravity below ,0.4 g, rising to 0.9 in 1/6 g; space suits appear to lower Fr*. Because of pressure forces, space suits partially (1 g) or completely (lunar-g) support their own weight. We define the Apollo Number (Ap = Fr/M) as an expected invariant of locomotion under manipulations of M, the ratio of human-supported to total transported mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Readaptation to Normal Gravity Following Short-Term Simulated Martian Gravity Exposure and the Effectiveness of Countermeasures
    Human Readaptation to Normal Gravity Following Short-Term Simulated Martian Gravity Exposure and the Effectiveness of Countermeasures by Rex Hay Wu B.S., Aerospace Engineering The University of Maryland at College Park, 1997 Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September, 1999 ©Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. All Ri* hts Reserved. A u th or ............................................................. ........ Department of Aerona fics and Astronautics August 1, 1999 C ertified by ............................................................................ ................................. Dava J. Newman Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor A ccep ted b y ............................................................................................................. Professor Jaime Peraire Chair, Department al Graduate Office Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics To Shao Bin & Mei Xian Human Readaptation to Normal Gravity Following Short-Term Simulated Martian Gravity Exposure and the Effectiveness of Countermeasures by Rex Hay Wu Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on August 1, 1999 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics Abstract Postural instability is a main problem astronauts face upon return to Earth following space
    [Show full text]
  • The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self-Support, and the Walk-Run
    The Apollo Number: space suits, self-support, and the walk-run The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Carr CE, McGee J (2009) The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self- Support, and the Walk-Run Transition. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6614. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0006614 As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006614 Publisher Public Library of Science Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54794 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The Apollo Number: Space Suits, Self-Support, and the Walk-Run Transition Christopher E. Carr*, Jeremy McGee Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America Abstract Background: How space suits affect the preferred walk-run transition is an open question with relevance to human biomechanics and planetary extravehicular activity. Walking and running energetics differ; in reduced gravity (,0.5 g), running, unlike on Earth, uses less energy per distance than walking. Methodology/Principal Findings: The walk-run transition (denoted *) correlates with the Froude Number (Fr = v2/gL, velocity v, gravitational acceleration g, leg length L). Human unsuited Fr* is relatively constant (,0.5) with gravity but increases substantially with decreasing gravity below ,0.4 g, rising to 0.9 in 1/6 g; space suits appear to lower Fr*. Because of pressure forces, space suits partially (1 g) or completely (lunar-g) support their own weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Microgravity Environments: the Physical Exercise in the Space
    American Journal of www.biomedgrid.com Biomedical Science & Research ISSN: 2642-1747 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mini Review Copy Right@ Dario Furanri Microgravity Environments: The Physical Exercise in The Space Dario Furanri* University of Haslemere, UK *Corresponding author: Dario Furanri, Clinical Manager, Graduated in Medicine And Surgery, Clinical Manager, Specialized In Biomedical Sciences And Neurosciences, Space Human Physiology, University of Haslemere, UK. To Cite This Article: Dario Furanri, Microgravity Environments: The Physical Exercise in The Space . Am J Biomed Sci & Res. 2020 - 6(6). AJBSR. MS.ID.001086. DOI: 10.34297/AJBSR.2020.06.001086. Received: December 14, 2019 ; Published: January 08, 2020 Mini Review called lunar facies or puffy, roundish and tendentially ruddy face. In The human body has a great capacity for adaptation, even in the short, astronauts live in space as a person who lived upside down - on Earth. When they return to Earth, the problems occur at the mo- longed microgravity. The force of gravity on the earth produces an case of significant changes in environmental conditions; like pro ment of the transition from microgravity to gravity, that is when acceleration of 1g (g is the symbol that indicates the acceleration they pass from living upside down and suddenly everything turns due to gravity). The term microgravity indicates a reduced force of upside down, at a certain height gravity starts to be felt and astro- gravity and is therefore used to describe conditions in which the nauts hang from the seat practically they fall on the seat. This step is force of gravity is less than that on the earth’s surface (less than one g).
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamically Stable Legged Locomotion
    Dynamically Stable Legged Locomotion Progress Report: October 1982 - October 1983 Marc H. Raibert, H. Benjamin Brown, Jr., Michael Chepponis, Eugene Hastings, Jeff Koechling, Karl N. Murphy, Seshashayee S. Murthy, Anthony J. Stentz Leg La bo rat0ry The Robotics Institute and Department of Computer Science Ca rnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA. 15213 13 December 1983 This research was sponsored by a grant from the System Development Foundation. and by a contract From the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (L>oD), Systems Sciences Ofice, ARPA Order No. 4148. iii A bst fact This report documents our recent progress in exploring active balance for dynamic legged systems. The purpose of this research is to establish a foundation of knowledge that can lead both to the construction of useful legged vehicles and to a better understanding of legged locomotion as it exists in nature. We have made progress in five areas: a Balance in 3D can be achieved with a very simple control system. The control system has three separate parts, one that controls forward running velocity, one that controls body attitude, and one that controls hopping height. Experiments with a physical 3D machine that hops on just one leg show that it can hop in place, travel at a specified rate, follow simple paths, and maintain balance when disturbed. Top recorded running speed was 2.2 m/sec (4.8 mph). The 3D control algorithms are direct generalizations of those used earlier in 2D, with surprisingly little additional complication. 0 Computer simulations of a simple multi-legged system suggest that many of the concepts that are usehl in understanding locomotion with one leg can be used to understand locomotion with several legs.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Number
    2004-01-2532 MOM: Media & Observation Module Maijinn Chen, R.A. Graduate student, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture, University of Houston, Houston, Texas Copyright © 2004 SAE International ABSTRACT from station-related operations. An example is the Enterprise module, proposed in 1999 by Spacehab and This paper describes the design of a Media and RSC Energia for the ISS. MOM represents an Observation Module (MOM) for a future space orbital alternative way of thinking, where technical operations facility. MOM is based upon the idea that media are not physically segregated from creative endeavors. operations can coexist with some of the station’s primary This makes MOM a more integral and necessary operations through design interventions. MOM would element of the orbital facility. As habitable volume is a take the place of a space cupola, supporting station- highly valued commodity in space, this also helps to keeping and observational operations while meeting increase the usability and flexibility of a confined media and commercial goals of the orbital facility. environment. Advanced wearable technologies in display, sensing, Such an infusion of media and creative operations must and control are being proposed as the means to take care not to compromise the mission goals and the integrate seemingly opposing operations within MOM. technical demands that keep the space environment The paper provides a general summary of these safe for the astronauts. One way to achieve integration technologies. In addition to designing the technological of media and station operations within a confined space and environmental subsystems of MOM, the author may be to provide greater operational control to the user, conducts systematic analyses, including an evaluation of and create a greater degree of interaction between the all target operations based on their human, operational, astronaut, the operating technologies, and the data.
    [Show full text]