p History Giving rise to pan The Carnival Institute against the police, giving rise made them out to be. to the Riots. The These were the kalinda is researching and pro- commissioner, RCG Hamilton, bands whose organisation, ducing pamphlets on who investigated the causes order, procession and person- and circumstances of the riot nel contained the blueprint for Carnival history. The reported: the carnival, steelbands and first of these "...since-1868 certain bands the calypso of the 20th centu- of ruffians have come into ry. There was the Pierrot (the 'distributed at a existence, who take advantage king of the band), the breakfast meeting of the of the Carnival to muster in chantwell (the ), force to fight with each other, the chorus, the drummer and Institute arid the and to carry riot and disorder other percussion musicians, National Carnival throughout the town. each occupying a particular "These bands, which are position that was organised by Commission last week composed of persons of the leading figures in the barrack deals with an early lowest character, many of yards of . them immigrants from other These bands were anathe- Carnival patron islands, appear to exist for no ma to the ruling British elite Ignacio Jose Bodu, other purpose than fighting and in the years before the each other, and of creating riot riots, there were several OM THE late 1880s, and disorder." (Fair Play and Orders in Council aimed at ie street Carnival in Evening News, November 16, curbing their activities. For rinid?id was dominat- 1881, p. 1) others, the bands were part of ^ by bands that The genesis of these bands a tradition that they appreci- Jengaged in stick fighting. dates well before 1868 and, ated and encouraged. When, in 1081, the police while they were constituted as One such person was Jose attempted to stop the proces- fighting bands, their activities Bodu. sion of bands, they united were far more organised and Papa Bodu, as he was affec- elaborate than Hamilton tionately called, was a mer- Sb. JAY EXPRESS Section 2 August 13, 2000 Page 19

exchange for adver- chocolate milk Toddy, I intended to give you tisement in song. for which the syndi- a castigation According to Atilla, cate was named. But instead you will the first tent organ- Either way, he was get my compassion '5 ised by one of the great You have demonstrat- ? in x? -y. was the Toddy patrons of the calypso ed your inability and Syndicate, from 1929. in the early 20th cen- you have failed miser- Among calypsoni- tury. ably ans involved in this Atilla also recalls You can't sing on venture were Lord that on one occasion, Papa Bodu, whom we Street) which were the kalinda era into From the late Executor, Modern a calypsonian, called all know, generally the scenes tamer competitions. 1920s, the calypson- Inventor, Trafalgar, upon to pay extem- The friend and patron of these encounters, "...at stated times, ian gradually became Mentor, Persecutor pore homage to Papa ofcaliso so that the Burgesses fixed by the Carnival separated from the and Atilla himself Bodu, had failed to You can't give satis- of the town could officials, all the bands carnival bands and (Atilla's , 39). give a creditable faction amuse themselves in meet in the park and began performing in It is believed that account of himself You are a mock their Ancient and go through the same tents, sponsored by Papa Bodu was the and was upbraided by kaisonian. Honourable method." manoeuvres in friend- merchants in distributor of the Inventor as follows: Atilla's Kaiso, 20-20 (Letter to the Argos, ly competition. Mer- 1920). chants and public- spirited individuals n 1884, the organisations offer Peace Preser- prizes for excellence vation Act in such matters as became law, costume, theme, exe- drivinIg kalinda bands cution of theme, cho- out of the city to ruses, and brilliance remote parts of the of performance of countryside where chantwells." (Letter to the police presence the Argos, 1920). was not as vigilant. It is here that the The merchant 20th century score- class, among them sheet for the Calypso Papa Bodu became Monarch, Parade of important in reshap- the Bands and Pano- ing Carnival by chan- rama competitions^ nelling the violence of find their origins.