LaTeX by Wikibooks contributors Created on Wikibooks, the open content textbooks collection. Copyright c 2005{2008 Wikibooks contributors. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". Contents 1 Introduction9 2 Absolute Beginners 15 The LaTeX source................................. 15 Our first document................................. 18 3 Basics 21 4 Document Structure 27 The document environment............................ 27 5 Errors and Warnings 35 Error messages................................... 35 Warnings...................................... 35 Examples...................................... 36 6 Title Creation 39 Create the title................................... 39 A practical example................................ 41 Insert it in your document............................. 44 7 Bibliography Management 45 Embed system................................... 45 Citations...................................... 46 BibTeX....................................... 47 Natbib........................................ 57 8 Tables 59 The tabular environment............................. 59 The table environment | captioning etc.................... 69 The tabular* environment | controlling table width............. 70 The tabularx package | simple column stretching............... 71 Vertically centered images............................. 72 Professional tables................................. 72 Need more complicated features?......................... 73 3 Summary...................................... 74 9 Importing Graphics 75 The graphicx package............................... 75 Xfig......................................... 81 10 Floats, Figures and Captions 83 Floats........................................ 83 Captions....................................... 85 11 Formatting 95 Text formatting................................... 95 Paragraph Formatting............................... 105 Special Paragraphs................................. 106 List Structures................................... 109 Footnotes...................................... 114 Margin Notes.................................... 114 Summary...................................... 114 12 Page Layout 117 Page Dimensions.................................. 117 Page Orientation.................................. 120 Page Styles..................................... 121 Multi-column Pages................................ 126 Manual Page Formatting............................. 127 Summary...................................... 127 13 Mathematics 129 Basic Mathematics: plain LaTeX......................... 129 Advanced Mathematics: AMS Math package.................. 140 List of Mathematical Symbols........................... 149 Notes........................................ 151 Further reading................................... 151 External links.................................... 151 14 Theorems 153 Basic theorems................................... 153 Theorem counters................................. 153 Proofs........................................ 154 Theorem styles................................... 154 External links.................................... 155 15 Labels and Cross-referencing 157 Examples...................................... 158 The varioref package............................... 161 The hyperref package and nautoreffg ..................... 161 The hyperref package and nphantomsection .................. 162 4 16 Indexing 163 Abbreviation list.................................. 164 Multiple indexes.................................. 165 17 Algorithms and Pseudocode 167 Typesetting using the algorithmic package................... 167 The algorithm environment........................... 169 An example from the manual........................... 170 Code formating using the Listings package................... 171 18 Letters 173 The letter class.................................. 173 Envelopes...................................... 175 Sources....................................... 177 19 Packages 179 Using an existing package............................. 179 Package documentation.............................. 180 Packages list.................................... 181 20 Installing Extra Packages 185 21 Color package 189 22 Hyperref package 191 Usage........................................ 191 Customization................................... 192 Problems with Links................................ 194 Problems with Bookmarks............................. 195 Problems with tables and figures......................... 196 23 Listings package 197 24 Rotating package 201 25 Beamer package: make your presentations in LaTeX 203 26 Xy-Pic package: create diagrams 205 A simple diagram.................................. 205 References...................................... 205 27 Producing Mathematical Graphics 207 Overview...................................... 207 The picture Environment............................. 208 XY-pic........................................ 218 Alternatives..................................... 222 5 28 Advanced Topics 223 Using nincludeonly................................. 226 Boxes........................................ 226 Rules and Struts.................................. 228 29 Fonts 229 Useful example................................... 229 XeTeX........................................ 230 Some useful websites................................ 230 30 Customizing LaTeX 231 New commands................................... 231 New Environments................................. 232 Extra space..................................... 233 Command-line LaTeX............................... 234 Creating your own style.............................. 235 Spacing....................................... 235 31 Collaborative Writing of LaTeX Documents 237 Abstract....................................... 237 Introduction..................................... 237 Interchanging Documents............................. 238 The Version Control System Subversion ..................... 238 Hosting LaTeX files in Subversion ........................ 239 Subversion really makes the difference...................... 241 Managing collaborative bibliographies...................... 243 Conclusion..................................... 246 Acknowledgements................................. 246 References...................................... 247 Other Methods................................... 247 32 Tips and Tricks 249 Add the Bibliography to the Table of Contents................. 249 id est & exempli gratia (i.e. & e.g.)........................ 250 Referencing Figures or Equations......................... 250 Grouping Figure/Equation Numbering by Section............... 250 New Square Root.................................. 251 A new oiint command............................... 251 Generic header................................... 252 Using graphs from gnuplot............................. 253 33 General Guidelines 257 Project structure.................................. 257 The file mystyle.sty ............................... 258 The main document document.tex ........................ 258 Writing your document.............................. 260 6 34 Export To Other Formats 261 Convert to PDF.................................. 261 Convert to PostScript............................... 262 Convert to RTF.................................. 263 Conversion to HTML................................ 263 Conversion to image formats........................... 263 35 Internationalization 265 Arabic script.................................... 267 Cyrillic script.................................... 267 Czech........................................ 267 French........................................ 267 German....................................... 268 Greek........................................ 269 Hungarian...................................... 269 Italian........................................ 270 Korean....................................... 270 Polish........................................ 272 Portuguese..................................... 272 Spanish....................................... 272 36 Links 275 37 Authors 279 Included books................................... 279 Wiki users...................................... 280 A Installation 281 TeX and LaTeX.................................. 281 Editors....................................... 282 Bibliography management............................. 282 Graphics tools................................... 283 See also....................................... 283 B Useful Measurement Macros 285 Units......................................... 285 Length 'macros'................................... 285 Length manipulation macros........................... 286 Samples....................................... 286 C Useful Size Commands 287 D Sample LaTeX documents 289 General examples.................................. 289 Semantics of Programming Languages...................... 289 E Glossary 291 7 F Document Information 301 History....................................... 301 PDF Information & History............................ 301 Authors....................................... 301 G GNU Free Documentation License 303 8 Chapter 1 Introduction What is TeX TeX (pronounced