DOCSLIB.ORG

MALDI-TOF MS) A.Ingebretsen1-2, A.Myhre2, I.Szpinda2, T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Rapid identification of clinical mycobacterial strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) A.Ingebretsen1-2, A.Myhre2, I.Szpinda2, T. Tønjum2-3, Department of Infection Prevention1, Department of Microbiology2, Oslo University Hospital, Center for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience3, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Introduction: Results: Mycobacterial identification is based on several methods: conventional biochemical tests that We included 39 mycobacterial species identified by sequencing the 16 S rRNA although many of these require several weeks for accurate identification, and molecular tools that are now routinely were not included in the MALDI Biotyper 3.0 software. In the end we identified 61 different strains in used. These techniques are expensive and time-consuming. Over the last few years 17 mycobacterial species by MALDI TOF MS. The identification scores ranged from 1.4 to 2.6. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) Due to poor results identifying M. tuberculosis complex against the MALDI Biotyper 3.0 database we has been employed as a primary identification method for the identification of microorganisms decided to run additional 12 clinical strains for a total of 21 clinical strains of M. tuberculosis against all in many clinical diagnostic laboratories. Here we seek to optimize the use of MALDI-TOF MS in MSPs including our supplementary database. The identification scores for all M.tuberculosis rapid identification of clinical mycobacterial strains including Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a ranged from 2.1 to 2.6. clinical laboratory setting. Compared to sequencing results all strains were identified at species level although we could not distinguish M. chelonae, M. abscessus ssp. abscessus and M. abscessus ssp. bolletii from each other. We did distinguish M.bovis from M.tuberculosis but we regarded this finding as random. Fig. 2 MALDI-TOF MS spectrum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inactivation Growth in MGIT Sample preparation and protein extraction Fig. 3 MALDI Biotyper 3.0 analysis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Data evaluation identification/classification Acquisition of MALDI-TOF MS spectra Fig 1: General workflow for identifying mycobacteria by MALDI-TOF MS. Materials and methods: Species No. of strains with the following (No. of strains tested) highest score Mycobacteria isolates <1.5 1.5-1.7 1.7-2.0 >2.0 Clinical strains from 39 mycobacterial species and species complexes were included in the Mycobacterium avium (9) 3 6 study. The mycobacteria were grown on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and/or liquid Mycobacterium asiaticum (2) 1 1 mycobacterium growth indicator tube [MGIT] medium. The strains were identified by Mycobacterium celatum (2) 1 1 sequencing of 16S rRNA according to standard procedures. Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (6)* 4 2 Mycobacterium fortuitum (4) 4 Mycobacteria inactivation Mycobacterium gordonae (1) 1 Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used in five different inactivation Mycobacterium kansasii (4) 2 2 procedures including boiling in water, boiling in acetonitril and ethanol inactivation. The Mycobacterium kumamotonense (1) 1 isolates were incubated 2 x 42 days after inactivation and no growth were registered. Ethanol Mycobacterium malmoense (12) 5 7 inactivation became the procedure of choice both due to simplicity and quality of spectra. Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum (1) 1 Mycobacterium peregrinum (2) 2 Optimized protocol for identification of Mycobacterium sp. by MALDI TOF MS. Mycobacterium simiae (4) 4 Cell material was harvested by centrifugation using 1ml broth from the MGIT tube. The pellet Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (9)** 6 3 was washed twice with water before ethanol (70%) was added and the cells were left for Mycobacterium xenopi (4) 3 1 inactivation in 10 minutes. After centrifugation the pellet was dried. We then added 50 μl Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (21)*** 21 acetonitrile (100%), mixed thoroughly and a small amount of 0.5mm silica beads was added. * 2 M.chelonae, 3 M.abscessus ssp.abscessus and 1 M.abscessus ssp.bolletii Using the MagNA Lyser (Roche) we then beated the cells twice adding 50 μl formic acid (70%) **8 M.tuberculosis and 1 M.bovis between the beatings. After centrifugation 1μl of the supernatant was spotted on the MALDI ***20 M.tuberculosis and 1 M.bovis target plate and air dried. Matrix (α-cyano-4-hyroxycinnamic acid) was added on the dried spot and left to dry at room temperature. Spectra were acquired using a MALDI TOF Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) at default settings for identification Conclusions: of microorganisms. The spectrum generated was analyzed by MALDI Biotyper 3.0 software MALDI-TOF MS represents a rapid, feasible and inexpensive system for identification (Bruker Daltonics) and compared with the results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. of mycobacterium species from liquid culture media in clinical laboratories. Constructing a supplementary database of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present procedure using silica beads produces good spectra for identification of We constructed a supplementary database using 11 well characterized clinical Mycobacterium mycobacterial species. tuberculosis strains. The database was constructed as recommended by the manufacturer of Constructing a supplementary database of mycobacterial species in the the MALDI Biotyper software (Bruker Daltonics). MALDI Biotyper database enhance identification of mycobacterial species. .
Recommended publications
  • Identification of Different Subtypes of Rapid Growing Atypical

    Identification of Different Subtypes of Rapid Growing Atypical

    International Journal of Mycobacteriology xxx (2016) xxx– xxx Available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/IJMYCO Identification of different subtypes of rapid growing Atypical Mycobacterium from water and soil sources: Using PCR-RFLP using hsp65 and rRNA 16s–23s genes Mohammad Varahram a, Parissa Farnia a,*, Shima Saif a, Mehran Marashian a, Poopak Farnia a,b, Jaladein Ghanavi a, Ali Akbar Velayati a a Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran b Department of Biotechnology Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective/Background: Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of microor- Received 13 September 2016 ganisms that cause a variety of diseases in humans including skin, respiratory, and gas- Accepted 14 September 2016 trointestinal tract infection. Generally, NTM are classified into two categories: rapid Available online xxxx (<7 days) and slow growing (>7 days). In this study, we aimed to investigate NTM frequency and prevalence in environmental samples. Additionally, we tried to identify various sub- Keywords: types of isolated rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM). Iran Methods: Through a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study, water and soil samples Mycobacterium fortuitum were gathered from four neighboring towns around Tehran, the capital of Iran, at different 2 RGM geographic directions. Every 100 m of the studied areas gave one sample containing 6 g of Soil soil in 3–5 cm depth deposited in 50 mL sterile water as sampling media. After digestion Water and decontamination, DNA from culture-positive specimens (RGM) were extracted using phenol–chloroform methods.
  • Health Monitoring for Your Zebrafish Colonies

    Health Monitoring for Your Zebrafish Colonies

    Discover better insight Health Monitoring for your zebrafish colonies The clear choice for a comprehensive health monitoring program. BioResearch Your partner in discovery Contents Introduction . 3 Edwardsiella ictaluri. 4 Flavobacterium columnare . 5 Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. 6 Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) . 7 Mycobacterium abscessus . 8 Mycobacterium chelonae . .9 Mycobacterium fortuitum. 10 Mycobacterium haemophilum. 11 Mycobacterium marinum. 12 Mycobacterium peregrinum . 13 Piscinoodinium pillulare . 14 Pleistophora hyphessobryconis . 15 Pseudocapillaria tomentosa . 16 Pseudoloma neurophilia . 17 Profiles and Pricing. 18 Specimen preparation and shipping . 20 Additional resources . 21 Introduction A growing number of researchers are choosing zebrafish as models for biomedical research because of the advantages zebrafish offer over other animal models for certain studies. First, their small size and ease of breeding make zebrafish relatively inexpensive to maintain, which allows researchers to perform experiments using zebrafish that would be cost prohibitive using larger animal models. Secondly, embryos are transparent, which allows easy visualization of cell and organ development and permits experimental manipulations involving DNA or mRNA injection, cell labeling and transplantation. Zebrafish are now commonly employed as models in a diverse range of bioresearch fields, such as immunology, infectious disease, cardiac and vascular disease research, chemical and drug toxicity studies, reproductive biology and cancer research to name a few. As with other vertebrate models used in research, undetected infections can alter, confound or invalidate experimental results. Therefore, it is important to develop and utilize a health monitoring program to detect infectious agents that may affect the animal and the research outcomes. IDEXX BioResearch has developed sensitive molecular diagnostic assays to improve health monitoring for zebrafish colonies.
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

    Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 108(4): 457-462, June 2013 457 Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondônia, Brazil Cleoni Alves Mendes de Lima1,2/+, Harrison Magdinier Gomes3, Maraníbia Aparecida Cardoso Oelemann3, Jesus Pais Ramos4, Paulo Cezar Caldas4, Carlos Eduardo Dias Campos4, Márcia Aparecida da Silva Pereira3, Fátima Fandinho Onofre Montes4, Maria do Socorro Calixto de Oliveira1, Philip Noel Suffys3, Maria Manuela da Fonseca Moura1 1Centro Interdepartamental de Biologia Experimental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil 2Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil 3Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 4Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Myco- bacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobac- terium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level.
  • Distribution of a Novel Mycolic Acid in Species of the Genus Mycobacterium M

    Distribution of a Novel Mycolic Acid in Species of the Genus Mycobacterium M

    1.NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY,July 1991, p. 390-394 Vol. 41, No. 3 0020-7713/91/03039O-05$02 .OO/O Copyright 0 1991, International Union of Microbiological Societies Distribution of a Novel Mycolic Acid in Species of the Genus Mycobacterium M. LUQUfN,' M. A. LANEELLE,, V. AUSINA,'" M. GARCIA BARCELO,' F. BELDA,' C. ALONS0,l AND G. PRATS' Departamento de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Sta. Cruz y San Pablo, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autbnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,' and Centre de Biochimie et Gkne'tique Cellulaires du CNRS et Universite' P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France2 We found that Mycobacterium porcinum ATCC 33776T (T = type strain) contains a new kind of mycolic acid with a methoxy group at the w-1 position. This mycolic acid was identified by comparing it with the previously described methoxymycolic acids. The patterns of mycolic acid methyl esters from 418 strains belonging to 44 species of mycobacteria were studied by using thin-layer chromatography. In addition to M. porcinum ATCC 33776T, representative strains of M. porcinum, Mycobacterium fortuitum, "Mycobacterium peregrinum," Mycobacterium senegalense, and a recently isolated Mycobacterium sp. contained appreciable amounts of the newly described mycolic acid. Mycolic acids are characteristic 2-branched, 3-hydroxy Mycobacterium aichiense, Mycobacterium chubuense, My- acids with very long chains (up to 90 carbon atoms) and are cobacterium obuense, and Mycobacterium rhodesiae were found only in mycobacteria, nocardiae, rhodococci, coryne- incubated at 30"C, and Mycobacterium thermoresistibile bacteria, and related taxa (1, 12, 14, 20). Differences in the strains were incubated at 42°C. structures of mycolic acids have proved to be valuable Analysis of mycolic acids.
  • Frequency and Clinical Implications of the Isolation of Rare Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

    Frequency and Clinical Implications of the Isolation of Rare Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

    Kim et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2015) 15:9 DOI 10.1186/s12879-014-0741-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Frequency and clinical implications of the isolation of rare nontuberculous mycobacteria Junghyun Kim1, Moon-Woo Seong2, Eui-Chong Kim2, Sung Koo Han1 and Jae-Joon Yim1* Abstract Background: To date, more than 125 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been identified. In this study, we investigated the frequency and clinical implication of the rarely isolated NTM from respiratory specimens. Methods: Patients with NTM isolated from their respiratory specimens between July 1, 2010 and June 31, 2012 were screened for inclusion. Rare NTM were defined as those NTM not falling within the group of eight NTM species commonly identified at our institution: Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. gordonae, and M. peregrinum. Clinical, radiographic and microbiological data from patients with rare NTM were reviewed and analyzed. Results: During the study period, 73 rare NTM were isolated from the respiratory specimens of 68 patients. Among these, M. conceptionense was the most common (nine patients, 12.3%). The median age of the 68 patients with rare NTM was 68 years, while 39 of the patients were male. Rare NTM were isolated only once in majority of patient (64 patients, 94.1%). Among the four patients from whom rare NTM were isolated two or more times, only two showed radiographic aggravation caused by rare NTM during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Most of the rarely identified NTM species were isolated from respiratory specimens only once per patient, without concomitant clinical aggravation.
  • Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium Fortuitum Group Members

    Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium Fortuitum Group Members

    microorganisms Article Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members Davide Mugetti 1,* , Mattia Tomasoni 1, Paolo Pastorino 1 , Giuseppe Esposito 2, Vasco Menconi 1 , Alessandro Dondo 1 and Marino Prearo 1 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-01-1268-6251 Abstract: The Mycobacterium fortuitum group (MFG) consists of about 15 species of fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These globally distributed microorganisms can cause diseases in humans and animals, especially fish. The increase in the number of species belonging to MFG and the diagnostic techniques panel do not allow to clarify their real clinical significance. In this study, biomolecular techniques were adopted for species determination of 130 isolates derived from fish Citation: Mugetti, D.; Tomasoni, M.; initially identified through biochemical tests as NTM belonging to MFG. Specifically, gene sequencing Pastorino, P.; Esposito, G.; Menconi, and phylogenetic analysis were used based on a fragment of the gene encoding the 65 KDa heat V.; Dondo, A.; Prearo, M. Gene shock protein (hsp65). The analyzes made it possible to confirm that all the isolates belong to MFG, Sequencing and Phylogenetic allowing to identify the strains at species level.
  • The Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella Pneumophila and Mycobacterium Spp

    The Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella Pneumophila and Mycobacterium Spp

    The impact of chlorine and chloramine on the detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium spp. Maura J. Donohue Ph.D. Office of Research and Development Center of Environmental Response and Emergency Response (CESER): Water Infrastructure Division (WID) Small Systems Webinar January 28, 2020 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A Tale of Two Bacterium… Legionellaceae Mycobacteriaceae • Legionella (Genus) • Mycobacterium (Genus) • Gram negative bacteria • Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) (Gammaproteobacteria) • M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) • Flagella rod (2-20 µm) • Slow grower (3 to 10 days) • Gram positive bacteria • Majority of species will grow in free-living • Rod shape(1-10 µm) amoebae • Non-motile, spore-forming, aerobic • Aerobic, L-cysteine and iron salts are required • Rapid to Slow grower (1 week to 8 weeks) for in vitro growth, pH: 6.8 to 7, T: 25 to 43 °C • ~156 species • ~65 species • Some species capable of causing disease • Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic for human 3 NTM from Environmental Microorganism to Opportunistic Opponent Genus 156 Species Disease NTM =Nontuberculous Mycobacteria MAC = M. avium Complex Mycobacterium Mycobacterium duvalii Mycobacterium litorale Mycobacterium pulveris Clinically Relevant Species Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium elephantis Mycobacterium llatzerense. Mycobacterium pyrenivorans, Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium europaeum Mycobacterium madagascariense Mycobacterium rhodesiae Mycobacterium agri Mycobacterium fallax Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium riyadhense Mycobacterium aichiense Mycobacterium farcinogenes Mycobacterium malmoense Mycobacterium rufum M. avium, M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium algericum Mycobacterium flavescens Mycobacterium mantenii Mycobacterium rutilum Mycobacterium alsense Mycobacterium florentinum. Mycobacterium marinum Mycobacterium salmoniphilum ( M. fortuitum, M.
  • Mycobacterium Smegmatis Infection of a Lumbar Spine Instrumented Fusion

    Mycobacterium Smegmatis Infection of a Lumbar Spine Instrumented Fusion

    American Journal of Infectious Diseases 7 (1): 24-27, 2011 ISSN 1553-6203 © 2011 Science Publications Mycobacterium Smegmatis Infection of a Lumbar Spine Instrumented Fusion Frank Allen Zimba P.O. Box 203, Dunkirk, NY 14048 Abstract: Problem statement: To demonstrate the presentation of atypical mycobacterial post- surgical infections and their management. Approach: Single patient case report. Results: Successful management of atypical mycobacterial post operative infection with preservation of instrumented hardware posterior pedicle screw fixation and interbody cages. Conclusion: This report suggests that these atypical mycobacterial infections can be eradicated with successful outcomes with preservation of spinal instrumentation. Key words: Atypical mycobacterial infections, post surgical infections, mycobacterial smegmatis INTRODUCTION 2002) and water sources (Wallace et al ., 1998; Schulze- Robbecke et al ., 1992; Wallace, 1987; Wright et al ., Wound infections from atypical mycobacteria are 1985; Collins et al ., 1984; Slosarek et al ., 1993; Le uncommon, but are often detected because of Dantec et al ., 2002; Bullin et al ., 1970) and particularly recognition of their biological hardiness. Some of these hot water in hospitals (Astageneau et al ., 2001; atypical organisms can thrive at high temperatures of 45 Wallace, 1987; Wright et al ., 1985; Chada et al ., 1998). C (centigrade) or above and resist sterilization with This case report identifies a case of Mycobacterium organomercurials (10% Povidone-Iodine), Chlorine, 2% Smegmatis
  • Surgical Site Infection Due to Mycobacterium Peregrinum: a Case Report and Literature Review

    Surgical Site Infection Due to Mycobacterium Peregrinum: a Case Report and Literature Review

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2009) 13, 209—211 http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/ijid Surgical site infection due to Mycobacterium peregrinum: a case report and literature review Miki Nagao a,*, Makoto Sonobe b, Toru Bando b, Takashi Saito a, Michinori Shirano a, Aki Matsushima a, Naoko Fujihara a, Shunji Takakura a, Yoshitsugu Iinuma a, Satoshi Ichiyama a a Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan b Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan Received 7 January 2008; received in revised form 11 June 2008; accepted 11 June 2008 Corresponding Editor: William Cameron, Ottawa, Canada KEYWORDS Summary Mycobacterium Objectives: Mycobacterium peregrinum is a species included in the Mycobacterium fortuitum peregrinum; complex, a member of the group of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (RGM). Only a Surgical site infection few cases of infection with M. peregrinum have been reported, and no relevant review has been published. Methods: Following the treatment of a patient with M. peregrinum infection after plastic surgery, we undertook a review of the literature of previously reported cases of M. peregrinum infection. Results: Ten previously reported cases were identified. Like other cases of the M. fortuitum complex infections, the majority of M. peregrinum infections were related to surgical site infections and catheter-related infections. In the literature, most of the antibiotic regimens were based on a combination of quinolones with various antibiotics, and the duration of treatment ranged from 6 weeks to 4 months. Conclusion: The fact that the optimal treatment for M. peregrinum infection has not yet been established has resulted in the use of a diverse range of therapies.

  • Prevalence and Species Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Drinking Water Supply System of Bahía Blanca City, Argentina

    [Downloaded free from http://www.ijmyco.org on Tuesday, June 25, 2019, IP: 200.41.178.226] Original Article Prevalence and Species Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Drinking Water Supply System of Bahía Blanca City, Argentina Alejandra Soledad Oriani1, María Jimena Marfil2, Martín Jose Zumárraga2, Mónica Diana Baldini1 1Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Southern National University, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, 2Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract Background: There is evidence that tap water is the vehicle through which nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infect or colonize the human body. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and diversity of NTM in the water distribution system of Bahía Blanca city, Argentina (sites S2/S3) and in the dike that supplies water to it (S1). Methods: Culture‑dependent method, biochemical tests, and molecular method (16S rRNA sequencing gene) were combined to detect and identify NTM. Results: NTM were isolated in 51.6% (64/124) of all the samples analyzed. Mycobacterium gordonae was the most frequently isolated organism (15/64) in all samples analyzed, followed by Mycobacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium frederiksbergense. Significant differences were found in the residual chlorine values between sampling S2 and S3. In both sites, maximum counts were recorded but they did not correlate with low chlorine values. A concentration higher than 500 colony‑forming unit/L of NTM was never found, which can be attributed to the negative effect caused by decontamination methods being a point to consider for the recovery of NTM.
  • Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tracts Due to Infection With

    Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tracts Due to Infection With

    Pérez-Alfonzo et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2020) 20:295 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05015-5 CASE REPORT Open Access Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts due to infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a report of three cases Ricardo Pérez-Alfonzo1†, Luisa Elena Poleo Brito2†, Marialejandra Solano Vergara2, Angela Ruiz Damasco2, Perla Luiguimar Meneses Rodríguez2, Carmen Elena Kannee Quintero1, Carolina Carrera Martinez1, Ismar Alejandra Rivera-Oliver3,4, Omaira J. Da Mata Jardin3, Bárbara A. Rodríguez-Castillo3 and Jacobus H. de Waard3,4* Abstract Background: Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging. Case presentation: We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. peregrinum. The infection source was the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which were colonized with NTM. Conclusions: Water of the DUWL can pose a health risk. This report emphasizes the need for quality control and certification of water flowing through DUWLs, including the absence of NTM. Our report also shows the need for a rapid recognition of NTM infections and accurate laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid long-term
  • Atypical Mycobacteria

    Atypical Mycobacteria

    ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA Chris A. Gentry, Pharm.D. Reviewed by Michelle M. Chapman, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPS; and David E. Nix, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPS The epidemiology of mycobacterial infections has been Learning Objectives dynamic over the past several decades. In the developed world, tuberculosis has been on the decline because of the 1. Classify the atypical mycobacteria by microbiological maturation of infection control measures and the characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, sites of development of effective antituberculosis pharmacotherapy. infection, and general pharmacotherapy Atypical mycobacteria, although recognized soon after the 2. Given a specific history of present illness, devise a discovery of M. tuberculosis in the 19th century, were not diagnostic strategy for a suspected atypical deemed significant pathogens until the mid-20th century mycobacterial infection. with the emergence of pulmonary infection in patients with 3. Distinguish between infection control measures preexisting lung disease. Subsequently, the acquired necessary for atypical mycobacterial infections and immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic brought tuberculosis. forth drastic increases in the occurrence of certain 4. Evaluate the potential for successful outcomes opportunistic infections. One of the most common systemic associated with various pharmacotherapeutic strategies opportunistic infections was disseminated disease due to for infections due to atypical mycobacteria. MAC. Many established atypical mycobacterial infections 5. Given pertinent clinical and laboratory data, construct a also grew in prevalence over the past few decades, and pharmacotherapy plan for a patient with an infection several new species emerged with variable ability to cause due to atypical mycobacteria. human disease. 6. Develop a treatment monitoring plan for a patient with Atypical mycobacteria have caused many types of an atypical mycobacterial infection.