c. c.

SEPTEMBER

Address of Rt. Rev. Joseph F. Rummel To Members of Third Order of St. Francis

CATHOLICS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS By Patrick J. Ward YORKTOWN ANNIVERSARY OBSERVANCE By Rev. Francis J. Bryne, D.D. ROCHESTER -- N. C. C. M. CONVENTION CITY By Maurice Sammons COMPILING THE COUNTY'S CATHOLIC WAR RECORD By Irene Dunn

ADDITIONAL FEATURES Portland Prolince Bishops Meet in Lacey, lVash.-Bishops Approve Raising Catholic University Fund-Convention of Fl'anciscan Tertiaries Attracts Thousands-N. C. C. W. Convention Program Visions Current Problems- Rochester: Convention City of the N. C. C. M.- Study Outline on New Labor Encyclical-Reports of National Con­ ventions of Catholic Central Verein, Knights of Columbus, Ancient Order of Hi­ bernians, Catholic Daughters of America and Daughters of Isabella-Reports of Conventions of N. C. C. lV. Units in Cincinnati, Monterey-Fresno, Connecticut, Idaho and Arizona-National Catholic School of Social Service Enters Its Second Decade-Regular REVIEW Departments.

Christian Education Solvent For This World's Ills--An.Editorial

Subscription Price VOL. XIII, No.9 Domestic- $t.OO per year Septcm ber, 1931 Foreign-'l.U per year 2 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE

N. C. w. C. Administrative "This organization (the N. C. Purpose of the N. C. W. C. Committee W. C.) is not only useful, but IN THE WORDS OF OUR HOLY FATHER: MOST REV. EDWARD .T. HANNA, D.D. necessary. .. We praise all "Since you (the Bishops) reside in ArchbiBhop of San FrancisCQ cities far apart and there are matters who in any way cooperate in this of a h7:gher import demanding your Chairman great work/'-POPE PIUS XI. joint deliberation. it is im­ perative that by taking counsel together RT. REV. THOMAS F. LILLIS, D.D. you all agree on one common aim and Bishop of Kansas City F4,CTS ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION with one united will strive for its attain­ Vice-Chairman ment by employing, as you now do, the HE National Catholic Welfare Conference was means which are adequate and adapted Chairman, Depa1'lmenl of Social Action T organized in September, 1919. to present-day conditions." The N. C. W. C. is a common agency acting un­ -Pope Pius XI to the Bishops of the United RT. REV. PHILIP R. McDEVITT, D.D. der the authority of the Bishops to promote the States, August, 1927. Bishop of Harrisburg welfare of the Catholics of the country. IN THE WORDS OF OUR BISHOPS: Secretary It has for its incorporated purposes "unifying, coordinating and organizing the Catholic people of "We have g1'ouped together, under the United States in works of education, social wel­ the National Catholic Welfare Confer­ MOST REV. JOHN T. McNICHOLAS, fare, immigrant aid and other activities." ence, the various agenmes by which O.P., S.T.M. It comprises six departments-ExEcUTIVE, EDU­ the cause of religion is fUTthered. Archbishop of Cincinnati CATION, PRESS, SOCIAL ACTION, LEGAL and LAY Each of these, continuing its oum Chairman, Department of Educ(ltion ORGANIZATIONS, including the National Councils of special work in its chosen field, will Catholic Men and Catholic Women. now derive additional support through general cooperation. RT. REV. JOSEPH SCHREMBS, D.D. The Conference is conducted by an Administra­ "The task assigned to each depart­ Bishop of Cleveland tive Committee composed of seven Archbishops ment is so laborious and yet so promis­ and Bishops. ing of results, that we may surely ex­ Chairman, Departrttent of Lay Each department of the N. C. W. C. is adminis­ Organizations pect, with the Divine assistance and tered by an Episcopal Chairman. the loyal support of our clergy and Through the General Secretary, chief executive people, to promote more effectually RT. REV. HUGH C. BOYLE, D.D. officer of the Conference, the reports of the Depart­ the glory of God, the interests of His Bishop of Pittsburgh ments and information on the general work of the Church, and the welfare of our Chairman, Press Department headquarter's staff are sent regularly to the mem­ Country." bers of the Administrative Committee. -From the 1919 Pastoral Letter o{ the The Administrative Bishops of the Conference re­ Archbishops and BishoPI' of the U. S. RT. REV. JOHN G. MURRAY, S.T.D. port annually upon their work to the Holy See. Bishop of Portland Annually at the general meeting of the Bishops, Chairman, Legal Department detailed reports are submitted by the Administra­ tive Bishops of the Conference and authorization Departments and Bureaus secured for the work of the coming year. No official action is taken by any N. C. W. C. EXECUTIVE-Bureaus maintained: Im­ Assistant Bishops department without authorization of its Episcopal migration, Publicity and Information, Chairman. Historical Records, Publications, Bus­ Administrative Committee No official action is taken in the name of the iness and Auditing. whole Conference without authorization and ap­ MOST REV. SAMUEL A. STRITCH, D.D. proval of the Administrative Committee. EDUCATION-Divisions: Statistics and Archbishop of Milwaukee It is not the policy of the N. C. W. C. to create Information, Teachers' Registration, RT. REV. EDWARD F. HOBAN, D.D. new organizations. Library. Bishop of Rockford It helps, unifies, and leaves to their own fields PREss-Serves the Catholic Press in those that already exist. the United Statf>s and abroad with RT. REV. JOHN F. NOLL, D.D. It aims to defend and to advance the welfare both Bishop of Fort Wayne regular news, feature, editorial and of the Catholic Church and of our beloved Country. pictorial services. RT. REV. EMMET M. WALSH, D.D. It seeks to inform the life of America of right fun­ :\3ishop of Charleston damental principles of religion and morality. SOCIAL ACTION-Covers the fields of It is a central clearing house of information re­ RT. REV. JOSEPH F. RUMMEL, D.D. Industrial Relations, Citizenship, So­ garding activities of Catholic men and women. cial Work and Rural Welfare. BiBhop of Omaha All that are helped may play their part in pro­ RT. REV. JOHN F. O'HERN, D.D. moting the good work and in maintaining the com­ LEGAL-Serves as a clearing house of Bishop of Rochester mon agency, the National Catholic Welfare Con­ information on federal, state and ference. local legislation. RT. REV. EDWIN V. O'HARA, D.D. The N. C. W. C. REVIEW records monthly Bishop of Great Falls the work of the Conference and its affiliated organi- LAY ORGANIZATIONs-Maintains a per- zations. It presents our common needs and oppor- manent representation in the inter- tunities. Its special articles are helpful to every ests of the Catholic laity. Functions REV. JOHN J. BURKE, C.S.P., S.T.D. Catholic organization and individual. through local units of some 3500 societies affiliated with the N. C. General Secretary I C. M. and N. C. C. W.
------.:..---iI CHARLES A. McMAHON, Editor I--~------_II PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE Publication Office NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE Editorial and Executive Office Industrial Building Entered as second-class matter at the post-office at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of 1312 Massachusetts Ave., N. W, March 3, 1879. All changes of address, renewals and subscriptions should be sent Baltimore, Md. direct to N. C. W. C. REVIEW, Industrial Building;, Baltimore, Md., or 1312 Massa- Washington, D. C. . chusetts Ave., N .W., Washington, D. C.

The contents of the N. C. W. C. REVIEW are listed in the CATHOLIC PERIODICAL INDEX. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 3

AROUND THE CONFERENCE TABLE "Corne now,that we may take counsel together."-2 Esdras, Chapter VI: 7.

Christian Education Solvent for This World's Ills THE 'AD STATE OF secular affairs in youth of the nation to be good, because general and the uncommon acuteness of HOLY FATHER BLESSES N. C. W. C. we have been training most of them primarily the economic crisis in particular make this REVIEW AND THOSE IN CHARGE for material u efulness, for earthly succes . September an appropriate occasion for re­ Is it any wonder, then, that men falter, when flecting upon our temporal task and our THOSE IN CHARGE of the N. C. W. C. the world fails them? A truly educated man eternal destiny. The month of September REVIEW are happy to have received does not grumble when visited by reverses, mark the opening of schools; it is in school for this publication and for themselves the and does not get di couraged when he can that we are prepared for life-or, more ex­ blessing of His Holiness, Pope Pius XI. This not readily rally. He will muse over the actly, it is education that prepares us to oc­ mark of the august Pontiff's favor is for them transitory nature of worldly glory. He will cupy properly a . useful position in the world not only a cause of deep and lasting grati­ be reconciled to the earthly lot of man that and to proceed unwaveringly toward our ul­ tude but also a stimulus to new endeavors. Scripture calls a continual warfare. He will timate goal; and therefore this juncture calls The occasion for the Supreme Pontiff's pa­ find refuge and comfort in knowledge and vir­ for some consideration of the need and the ternal benedi~tion was an audience which he tue, for these are treasures that neither tooth value of the right training of youth. granted to His Excellency, Rt. Rev. John J. of time nor hand of thief can reach, that we McMahon, Bishop of Trenton, and his brother can not lose by accident, that we can not be Statesmen and economists disagree con­ Charles A. McMahon, editor of the N. C. cerning the causes of the chaos that encircles deprived of by trickery, that never depre­ W. C. REVIEW, during their recent visit to ciate and never really fail us. If we cherish us and concerning the remedies that would Rome. cure our multiple ills. But there is a consen­ them long enough, lingering wisdom will come sus of CllTistian moralists, philosophers and Mr. McMahon presented to the Holy at last. "Knowledge is power," says Francis educators regarding one foremost and funda­ Father a bound volume of the N. C. W. C. Bacon; but "Wisdom is better than strength," mental cause, one rank and radical reason: REVIEW reporting the work of the National says Holy Writ (Ecclesiastes, ix, 16). Wis­ the selfishness of modern man; and in the Catholic Welfare Conference for the year dom will come to the seekers of goodness and same quarter there is a consensus regarding 1930-31, under the direction of the Adminis­ truth-wisdom that takes not pride in knowl­ the cure: Christian living predicated upon trative Committee of Bishops and the Rev. edge; wisdom that is humble, hopeful, holy; Christian education. John J. Burke, C.S.P., S.T.D., general secre­ the wisdom of CDmplete piety and utter trust; tary. This His Holiness examined with in­ the wisdom of action in accordance with the terest. He then imparted a special blessing Will of God, action as an instrument of the A SELFISH man is one who thinks only to the N. C. W. C. REVIEW, its editor, its or mainly of self, and mostly not of the Creator in refashioning the face of the earth; immediate directors, collaborators and pro­ truly best interests of self. He lacks the the wisdom of absolute abandonment of self moters and their families. right relationships or he maintains wrong to the merciful and magnificent purposes of ones in all respects. He renders not to God At the conclusion of the audience the Holy the Master of the Universe. the things that are God's, nor to Caesar the Father presented to Bishop McMahon and things that are Caesar's, nor to his neighbor Mr. McMahon medals commemorating the IF parents would reflect on these things and the things that are his neighbor's, nor to na­ inauguration of the new radio station of the accept them, the result should prove to ture the things that are nature's, nor yet to Vatican. be singul~rly salutary, for the way should be his own soul the things that are his soul's. oleared for the return of reli!rion to her right- . Right education, which is religious education, ful place of preeminence in the scheme of should gradually abolish selfishness, and education. We can not with impunity con­ ures of the world-but it is very difficult to concomitantly abolish much evil, injustice, tinue to keep religion in eAile. We can not live and work for the sake of God; to be just, distress and unhappiness. If this be consid­ last as a "neutral" nation in the cau e of generous, charitable; to be temperate, and ered too simple a solution, we say that it is God. The eleventh hour has struck. Let us chaste, and brave; to serve with un elfish ness, simple only in the sense that truth is simple, look to our salvation, which largely lies with to sacrifice with a smile, to suffer in silence. that the Decalogue is simple, that the Cate­ religious chools. Indeed, it is getting more difficult to be good, chism is simple. in proportion that it is getting easier to be­ While this cw'e is admittedly plain in prin­ come well-trained in a trade, proficient in a ciple, it is also conceded, on the other hand, profession, expert in any pursuit. With in­ INTERN ATION AL cooperation among to be difficult of application. Oliver Gold­ creased opportunities anld advantages, re­ Catholics to prevent recurrences of such smith is credited with this saying: "It is easy sponsibility increases. And the more numer­ attacks on the Church as those in Spain and to be a deep geometrician or a sublime as­ ous our comforts and conveniences, the elsewhere is proposed in an tronomer, but very difficult to be a good man." greater our temptations. Responsibilities Worldwide article contributed by Rev. Varying the illustration and amplifying the must be recognized and fulfilled; temptations Catholic Adalbert Bangha to the in- compa.rison: it is easy to be a great financier, must be met and overcome. It will not do Organization fluential review Schoenere a brilliant writer, a clever lawyer, a success­ for any man to shirk his share of the work of ZukunJt. Father Bangha is ful merchant or mechanic; it is easy to ac­ the world and to shun every task that brings the organizer of Hungarian Catholics, and quire wealth, and knowledge, and influence, temptation. their spokesman. n nd power; it is easy to indulge in the pleas- We have made it doubly difficult for the The National Catholic Welfare Conference 4 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 represents the prototype of the international The N. C. W. C. REVIEW extends to Big Brother work, probation work, free em­ agency that is needed for the safeguarding of Bishop Duffy its sincere wishes for his re­ ployment bureaus, homes for aged men, etc. the Church's interests, Father Bangha de­ newed health and many years of well-earned clares in his article. The National Catholic rest after his labors in the episcopate. Welfare Conference, he says, embodies the TWICE IN THE LAST two months, Os­ two essentials of effectiveness-authorization servatore Romano, published in Rome and from above and social activity. It would often a medium of expression for the Holy See, seem easy, he writes, to unite the Catholics THROUGH REV. DR. George Johnson, has reproduced ar- of all countries so that in time of important director of the Department of Education Osservatore ticles from the N. events, such as the persecution of the Church, of the National Catholic Welfare Conference Romano Quotes C. W. C. RE- the Catholic press throughout the world might and secretary gener- N. C. W. C. REVIEW VIEW. The lat- be supplied with information necessary to in­ . Holy Father al of the National est example of the telligent action. At the same time Father Blesses N. C. W. C. Catholic Education- Osservatore's interest in American Catholic Bangha perceives the difficulties of such an Education Dept. al Association, the affairs is the publication of a special article international Catholic orga:nization as he de­ Holy Father has cOi'flmending Catholic Action in the United sidera tes. Tha t no one regards himself as blessed the Education Department of the States, describing the organization of the possessing sufficient power and authority to Conference and stated that he rejoiced in its National Catholic Welfare Conference, and work and wished it every success. determine such questions is cited as the chief making special mention of the recent conven­ difficulty. It was during a recent visit in Rome, when tion of the National Catholic Educational Dr. Johnson was presented to the Holy Association in Philadelphia. Father by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis J. Spell­ In the same issue Osservatore reprinted two OCCASIONS FOR recounting the result­ man, American prelate attached to the Papal articles from the N. C. W. C. REVIEW­ ful activities of large numbers of the secretariat of state, that His Holiness asked one on the training of Catholic deaf mutes in laity and forums for the presentment and con­ for information concerning the activity of the United States by Rev. F. A. Moeller, S.J., sideration of problems the N. C. W. C. Department of Education and the other on the Catholic Encyclopedia's N. C. C. M. and still facing the Catholic and extended his blessing to it. contribution to education by Rev. John J. N. C. C. W. body in the United Wynne, S.J. Conventions States will be fmnished Early in August Osservaiore gave space to by the annual conven­ an article entitled "Catholic Action and the tions of the National Council of Catholic Men THOUSANDS OF GOD'S poor were the Family" written by Patrick J. Ward, direc­ and the National Council of Catholic Women beneficiaries in the Christlike charity of tor of the Bureau of Publicity and Informa­ in October. The National Council of Cath­ the Society of St. Vincent de Paul in the year tion of the National Catholic Welfare Con­ olic Men is-to meet in Rochester, New York, ended September 30, 1930- ference. This paper was first published in at the invitation of His Excellency, Rt. Rev. St. Vincent twelve months of widespread the N. C. W. C. REVIEW for July. John F. O'Hern. The National Council of de Paul unemployment and distress. Catholic Women has again chosen Washing­ Society In its recent report covering ~~+ ton, D. C., as its gathering place. these twelve months the so­ THE LEAFLET MISSAL, edited by the ciety in the United States records an expen­ There is confident expectation that Loth Rev. Paul Bussard, Chancery Building, these organizations will report worthy diture of $2,120,792.93. St. Paul, Minn., has prepared a "funeral mis­ achievements and notable progress even in It is estimated that this outstanding and sal" which supplies the text of a time of exceptional stress and difficulty. unassuming charitable association numbers New Use the funeral Mass arranged in They share with other Catholic groups and in the United States 20,000 active members, of Leaflet continuo us sequence, and agencies the labors and the glories of Catholic and the partial report of the year's activities Missal which, like the other leaflets, Action in America. which follows gives evidence of the courage, enables the faithful to take perseverance and loyalty to the poor which part consciously and completely in the offer- the individual members put into their work. ing of the Sacrifice. • The distribution of the funeral missal IN THE RECENT resignation of His Ex­ According to the report the society gave leaflets in the pews of the ch urch prior to the cellency, Rt. Rev. James Albert Duffy, assistance to 44,921 families, in which there Mass on the day of burial is recommended­ the Diocese of Grand Island . loses its first were 199,286 individuals; made 348,439 visits first, as an aid to the faithful to "pray the bishop after eighteen years of to families and 39,954 visits to institutions. Mass" with the priest, and secondly, as a Bishop episcopal service. Bishop Duffy The society obtained positions for 7,275 per­ means of acquainting non-Catholics with the Duffy was consecrated first Bishop of sons; provided transportation to other cities text of the Mass as read, thus giving them an Resigns Kearney in 1913 when the dio- for 1,197; brought about the validation of understanding of the prayers of the Mass cese was established there, and, 687 irregular rna.rriages; arranged for 1,794 which otherwise they would not get. The in 1917, with its reconst.itution and the re­ ·to be baptized; arranged for 6,268 children to same leaflets may be used over and over, or, moval of the see to Grand Island, became attend parochial schools, and for 5,291 to at­ of course, may be taken away by those who first Bishop of Grand Island. He r~tires with tend Sunday school; brought 2,517 persons wish to study more leisurely the text of the the title of Bishop of Silando. back to their religious duties, and distributed Mass. The cost is $30.00 Per thousand, in­ Although in the Diocese of Grand Island a total of 1,147,085 religious books, papers cluding the printing of the name of the Bishop Duffy found pioneer work to be done, and articles and secular reading matter to ch urch and that of the pastor on the back cover. the diocese under his direction has shown re­ the poor, hospitals, etc. Thousands of Catholics are increasing their markable growth. It embraces 40,000 square The conferences have also engaged in vari­ knowledge of the liturgy by means of The miles and has a Catholic population of 25,000 ous special works according to the local con­ Leaflet Missal and by praying each Sunday sonls. One of the works of Bishop Duffy has ditions and demands and their ability to meet in the very words of the Church. The Leaf­ been the erection of a magnificent new cathe­ the cost such as hospital and institutional let Missal is mailed month by month like a dral in Grand Island. visitation, vacations for children of the poor, magazine. The cost is $1.00 per year. ------+------September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW .5 Bishop Rummel Urges Enlistment for Catholic Action Recommends Cooperation With National Catholic Welfare Conference A THOLl C ACTION as a corrective for many social duty to arrive at a clear and precise concept of Catholic ills and as a means of realizing sound moral and re­ Action. Fortunately the Holy Father, who practically makes C ligious principles in the life of Amen'ca was the subject Catholic Action the watchword of his pontificate, has sup­ of an address delivered by His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Joseph F. plied us with a profusion of definitions and explanations of Rummel, Bishop of Omaha, at the recent convention of Francis­ his own conception of this great program of modern Catho­ can Tertim'ies in San Francisco. Those in charge of the con­ licity. vention ha.d made Catholic Action the dominant theme of the program. THE Holy. Father dignifies Catholic Action with close as- Bishop Rummel's address not only emphasized the need and sociation with the priesthood. He calls it "a necessary usefulness of Catholic Action in this country and elsewhere at element of the priestly office" and "a function of the care of a time when unchristian tendencies threaten the world with souls," "inseparable from the pastoral office"-(Acta 19- great harm, but urged the laity of the United States to answer 1927-15-1923-20-1928). Fundamentally Catholic Action the Holy Father's call for solidarity and cooperation in behalf is a lay movement and the practical exercise of the lay apos­ of the Catholic - cause. A practically complete text of. the tolate, but it must be carried on under the inspiration, address follows. leadership and guidance of the hierarchy, and in union and cooperation with the clergy. . . . D ESPA TCHES emanating almost daily from the Eternal In an allocution to the International Catholic Women's City, from Spain and other European centers, as well as League the Holy Father said: "Catholic Action, as we wish from our own Mexican and South American neighbors, fur­ it and as we have repeatedly characterized it, is the partici­ nish abundant evidence that your honorable committee has pation of the Catholic laity in the hierarchical apostolate for acted wisely and opportunely in making Catholic Action the the defense of religious and moral principles, for the develop- dominant theme of this Quin- ment of a sound and wholesome quennial Convention of the Third social action under the guidance Order of St. Francis. Events of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, transpiring in this much agitated SAN FRANCISCO MONITOR COMMENTS ON functioning outside of and above BISHOP RUMMEL'S ADDRESS modern world of ours have long all political parties, in order to since convinced our revered and TAIGNG AS A TEXT Rt. Rev. Joseph F. Rummel's restore Catholic life in the fam­ beloved Holy Father of the ne­ address to the convention of the Third Order of St. ly and in human societ.y." Francis, the San Francisco Monitor editorially indicated cessity of arousing our Catholic the needs and opportunities for Catholic Action and urged consciousness to a new realiza­ all groups in the United States to cooperate with the N a­ THUS Catholic Action is a tion of our task, which is to tional Catholic Welfare Conference. general forward movement of counteract the many prevailing Here are The Monitor's words on the subject: the laity, organized under the irreligious, unchristian, and im­ "The inspirational topic of the national convention of standard of the cross, advancing moral tendencies and movements the Third Order of St. Francis, held in San Francisco this week, was Catholic Action. under the leadership of the hier­ with a virile and persistent as­ archy, to apply the decalogue, sertion, defense and application "Much was well said concerning the motives and the need for Catholic Action, but always the people waited the gospel and the laws and tra­ of Catholic doctrine and princi­ for the constructive suggestion. ditions of the Church to every ples. . . . In encyclicals, special "This was offered by Bishop Rummel. It was more than phase of human life. The per­ a suggestion. It was an authoritative utterance. His ad­ letters and countless public allo­ sonal sanctification of the Chris­ cutions he has most insistently dress was the highlight of the convention, for he did light the way to practical Catholic Action. tian remains "his foremost and defined, advocated, and promoted "What Bishop Rummel said in substance was this, that -most important duty;" to purify, Catholic Action, not indeed as a if American Catholics want to act in Catholic Action, sanctify, enoble and enrich with new movement, but as a modern they should turn for guidance to the National Catholic grace and virtue his individual Welfare Conference. This organization is the agency for and more highly organized ex­ soul remains the Christian's fun­ pression of the apostolate found­ Catholic Action approved by the American hierarchy. "It was particularly gratifying to San Franciscans to damental concern. (Acta 1928- ed by Christ, established by the hear Bishop Rummel say this, and also to hear him say 20): But the Holy Father ex­ Apostles, and carried on by the that the National Catholic Welfare Conference was simi­ plicitly emphasizes that "Cath­ Church in various forms through­ lar to Italian Catholic Action. olics of every station have, over out the ages. . . . "All persons and all organizations inspired to under­ take Catholic Action may receive guidance by writing to and above this, the common duty Before attempting to deter­ the headquarters of the National Catholic Welfare Con­ to exercise a true apostolate," to mine the relationship of the ference, 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, advance the Kingdom of Christ, Third Order of St. Francis to D. C." to foster Christian morality and Catholic Action, it shall be our culture, and to promote the social 6 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 welfare of the human race. programs for public occasions and gatherings, sponsors the Catholic Action is foreshadowed in the Gospel. There we unions of college graduates and encourages the aspirations find the Kingdom of God presented, not as a passive, life­ of educated groups towards the acquisition of additional less entity, but as an active and activating principle, as. an knowledge and culture. The distribution and explanation of energizing philosophy of life, as a vibrating made of human the papal encyclicals on "Christian Marriage" and on conduct. Our Christian faith is an impelling principle, vi­ ."Capital and Labor" have been sponsored by this Secre­ talizing, regulating and dominating the entire human being tariate. and the entire mass of human beings, which we call human The important Department of Secretariate of Education society. Christ is "a vine" whose sap is essentially active strives above all else to form and develop a strong "Catholic in its contribution to the life and fruitage of the branches; scholastic conscience" and a profound study of the problem He is "the truth" to be actively embraced by the will and of the Catholic educational movement. The eminently com­ heart as well as by the mind; He is "a way" to be followed prehensive and modern program of this department arouses and "a life" to be led; His kingdom is "a leaven," which our admiration and edification. It arranges periodic confer-:­ must penetrate, permeate, influence and elevate all hu­ ences between Catholic teachers and fathers of families, manity.... studies the material resources and equipment of institu­ tions, watches vigilantly over legislative measures affecting THE nature and scope of Catholic Action will be under- education, organizes libraries, study clubs and extension stood best from a review of its field, as we find it outlined courses, sponsors associations for teachers and students, concretely for Italy. The important circumstance that this and plans classes for catechetical and advanced religious in­ plan of Catholic Action has been evolved under the personal struction. The study and elucidation of Catholic educa­ inspiration and with the fullest approval of the Holy Father tional problems are brought into prominence at an annual gives to it added prestige and the most eminent authority. "Giornata della Scuola," through which the bonds of sym­ Careful comparison will reveal a striking resemblance be­ pathetic understanding and mutual cooperation are strength­ tween the pla.n of Catholic Action in Italy and the plan of ened between parents, teachers, and pupils. organization of our own National Catholic Welfare Con­ ference, which functions under the direction of the American IT is worthy of note that this educational phase of Catholic episcopate. Action, especially dear to the heart of the Supreme Pon­ In its fundamental organization this plan follows the simple tiff, has incurred the ire of the Italian regime and drawn the traditional lines which have made the Catholic Church,' even fire of the Fascist legionaries. True to his divine mand~te from the human standpoint, the most efficient organization the Holy Father insists upon a complete religious _education of all times. The membership of Catholic Action includes for the child, one which will progress with its physical and men and women, respectively subdivided into groups of mental development. A truncated rudimentary education seniors or adults, young people and university students. is as inadequate and unsatisfactory in the domain of religion, The administration is effected through a national cent1"al as it is in the physical and intellectual spheres, and a far committee, assisted by diocesan committees and functioning greater injustice, because its consequences have so vital a ultimately through parish councils. bearing upon the child's life and happiness not only in time The working plan covers the entire field of Catholic life but also in eternity. . . . and interests, properly apportioned into five distinct depart­ The Secretariate of Social Action and of Morality are the ments called secretariates, all functioning under the central fourth and fifth departments of Italian Catholic Action. committee, namely the Press, Catholic Culture, Education, Although the direct operation of the department of social Social Action and Catholic Morality. action is in a manner conducted apart from Catholic Action, T HE Secretariate of the Pres~ directs Catholic thought, in- the entire economic social program receives doctrinal guid­ spires and organizes Catholic. propaganda and move­ ance and moral support from the Central Committee of ments, directs an efficient Catholic news service, stimulates Catholic Action. the circulation of weekly and daily diocesan papers and In the field of Morality Catholic Action aims to 'reform, monthly periodicals, and sets up thousands of Catholic cir­ purify and elevate the private and social moral life and habits culating libraries. The defense of Catholic doctrine and the of the nation. It strives to build up a strong wholesome infiltration of Catholic thought into every diocese, parish moral sense, whose absence is the chief cause of the modern and family are fostered most effectively by this department breakdown of society. The means employed to this end are throughout the entire year and prominently emphasized by the close supervision of legislative proposals, the denuncia­ the observance of the annual "Giornata pro Buona Stampa"­ tion to the competent authority of grave offences against or "Catholic Press Day." public morality in the press, in the theatres, in moving The Department of Catholic Culture organizes institutes pictures and radio programs, and proper direction with re­ and courses in Catholic culture for the laity in coopeation gard to dress and recreation. Marked has been the success with the celebrated Gregorian University in Rome, the Uni­ of this department in eliminating irreligious and immoral versity of the Sacred Heart in Milan, and other schools of screen productions and offensive radio broadcasts. The works culture in various parts of Italy. It provides themes and ( Continued on page 10) September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 7 Catholics Share in Yorktown Anniversary Observance By Rev. Francis J. Byrne, D.D. Superintendent of Schools, Diocese of Richmond IS EXCELLENCY, RIGHT REVEREND Andrew Catholic Welfare Conference, thTough its Department of James Brennan, D.D., Bishop of Richmond, is to Education, will issue an informative letter to the Catholic H have a notable part in the exercises which are to schools of the country conc~rning the commission's plans for mark, on October 16-19, 1931, the 150th anniversary of the the children's participation in this nationwide event. Surrender' of the British army under Lord Cornwallis at The program lists October 16 as Colonial Day sponsored Yorktown, Va. This battlefield, so significant in the history by the State of Virginia. The governors of the thirteen of the United States, is embraced in the Diocese of Richmond. original states and their official commissions will participate. The clergy and the laity of the diocese are also to join in Elaborate pageantry will depict the colonial period. Octo­ the celebration. ber 17 is Revolutionary Day. Military and naval displays On Sunday, October 18, which has been designated "God will be features. Military maneuvers will re-enact the siege and Nation Day," Bishop Brennan will offer Mass on the at Yorktown. Sunday, October 18, is God and Nation Day, assembly grounds at Yorktown. On the same occasion, he and Monday is Anniversary Day of the Surrender. will deliver a sermon and, speaking in French, extend a greeting to the delegates who are coming from France -to IN addition to the dedication of the Col~nial National attend the civic and patriotic ceremonies of the Sesqui­ Monument on Colonial Day, by the National Park Serv­ centenary. Catholic parishes everywhere in the diocese will ice, tablets and markers commemorating the valor of officers signalize the event by the recitation of special prayers in and soldiers who fought at Yorktown are to be unveiled. the Masses of the day. It is likely that the "Prayer for Our There is a tablet in honor of the French Admiral Comte de Country" composed by Rt. Rev. John Carroll, first Bishop Grasse-presented by the National Society, Sons of the Ameri­ of the United States, and cousin of Charles Carroll of Car­ can Revolution, and two tablets by the National Society, roUton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, will be Daughter of American Revolution, one in memory of the chosen for this purpose. American dead and the other in memory of the French soldiers who fell in the Battle of Yorktown. The French THE governors of the thirteen original states and repre- soldiers who died at Williamsburg during and after the Siege sentatives of several foreign coun­ of Yorktown, while under Rocham­ tries will be among the dIstinguished beau's command, will be honored by a guests at the celebration, which was tablet to be unveiled at the College planned and will be conducted under of William and Mary. A tablet the U. S. Yorktown Sesquicentennial in honor of Major William Gooch Commission. Virginia, scene of the will be presented by Mrs. T. J. Mc­ events recalled in the program, also Neely of Lincolnton, N. C. A tablet has a sesquicentennial commission in honor of Baron Gaspard de Gallatin through which the people of the com­ will be presented by Major W. E. monwealth are taking an appropriate Besse, Torrington, Conn. The Vir­ part in the celebration. Other states ginia Yorktown Sesquicentennial Com­ have cooperating commissions. mission will present a memorial to On October 19, 1931, Anniversary General Lord Cornwallis and the valor Day of the Surrender, President Hoo­ of his British soldiers. A tablet in ver will deliver his sesquicentennial honor of Governor Thomas Nelson, address at Yorktown, Va. It is an­ Jr., will be presented by the Daughters nounced by Don T. Seiwell, director of the -American Revolution of Vir­ of publicity of the Yorktown Sesqui­ glma. A memorial to mark the site centennial, that thiTty million school of the home of Nicholas Martian, the children will listen to the exercises and original patentee of the Yorktown join in the singing of "America" with area, will be presented by the National the President leading a large chorus Federation of Huguenot Societies. at Yorktown. ,This multitudinous chorus will be made possible through CATHOLIC citizens, by participat- the cooperation of the national broad­ ing in the celebration of the vic­ THE YORKTOWN MONUMENT casting agencies. Radio receiving sets This memorial, erected at Yorktown, Va" in 1880 by Con­ tory at Y oTktown, will commemorate gress, commemorates the victory of the Battle of Yorktown, will be placed in every school assembly Va. The inscriptions relate a narrative of the siege, the treaty the noble aid rendered by therr co­ of alliance with the King of France, and the treaty of peace room of the nation. The National with the King of England religionists 150 years ago. This as- 8 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 sistance was a manifesta­ events at Yorktown in tion of the love for liberty October of 1781 is most inherent in Catholic tra­ becoming. The Continen­ dition. There were Cath­ tal and militia troops, and olic patriots in positions their compatriots and al­ of responsibility in the lies sought the altars of Continental government, the churches to voice their army and sea forces as gratitude for victory in well as Catholic men 1781. The Congress of among the rank and file. the United States, the The aid given to the Minister of Ftance and American colonists by the other notables assem­ Catholic groups and in­ bled at St. Mary's Church, dividuals of Europe was Philadelphia, Sunday, essential to success. With­ November 4, 1781, for out the assistance of the divine services and the French, including thirty chanting of the Te Deum. million livres supplied by Father Seraphin Bandol, chaplain to the French the churches of France in AERIAL VIEW OF YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA 1780, when the King's Where many thousands of visitors, including notables from six nations are expected to view the 1\11 inister , preached on this elaborate pageantry and the gigantic military and naval maneuvers during the celebration of the treasuries would not al­ Sesquicentennial of the Yorktown victory, October 16--19, 1931 occasion. Excerpts from low further contemplated his sermon accom pany this cooperation with the American cause, Yorktown would not article. The Congress also designated December 13, 1781, as have its present significance nor would the campaign have a day of universal prayer and thanksgiving. In France, the been attempted. More than a hundred Catholic priests ad­ King, Louis XVI, addressed the hierarchy requesting them ministered to the religious needs of the French contingents. to have TeDeums sung in the churches throughout the various German and Irish Catholics were also conspicuous among dioceses. A copy of the Bishop of Nancy's instructions is the personnel of the French forces. The participation of de­ preserved in the Library of Congress. scendents of officers of the nations who so generously aided This fact was transmitted to Gen. Rochambeau in a the Revolutionary cause and the presence of French battle­ communication from the King, dated November 26,- 1781, ships in the York River during the Sesquicentennial along which directed him to have similar services arranged for the side our own "Old Ironsides" will vividly recall the import­ troops under his command. This letter and other interest­ ant contribution of Europeans to America's fight for inde­ ing original Yorktown data are ·published in Senate Docu­ pendence. ment No. 211, (71st Congress) entitled, "Correspondence of The expression of national joy and thanskgiving for the General Washington and Comte de Grasse, 1781."

Yorktown Victory Was Text of French Chaplain's Sermon in Philadelphia Church A T THE MASS IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, Philadelphia, November 4, 1781, at which the victory at Yorktown was made the cause of thanksgiving to God and at which members of the Continental Congress, the French Minister, and other notables were present, Abbe Bandol, chaplain to the French Minister, delivered a stirring sermon. Extracts from that sermon are given here: "While camps resound with triumphal acclamations, while nations rejoice in victory and glory, the most honourable office a minister of the altars can fill, is to be the organ by which public gratitude is conveyed to the Omnipotent. . . . "For how many favours have we not to thank Him during the course of the present year? Your union, which was at first supported by justice alone, has been consolidated by your courage, and the knot which ties you together is become indissoluble, by the accession of all the states, and the unanimous voice of all the confederates. You present to the universe the noble sight of a society, which, founded in equality and justice, secures to the individuals who compose it, the utmost happines~ which can be derived from human institutions. This advantage, which so many other nations have been unable to procure, even after ages of efforts and misery, is granted by Divine Provi­ dence to the United States; and His adoreable decrees nave marked the present moment for the completion of that memorable happy revo­ lution, which has taken place in this extensive continent. While your counsels were thus acquiring new energy, rapid multiplied successes have crowned your arms.... "On this solemn occasion, we might renew our thanks to the God of battles, for the success he has granted to the arms of your allies and your friends by land and by sea, through the other parts of the globe. . . . "Let us prostrate ourselves at the altar, and implore the God of mercy to suspend his vengeance, to spare them in his wrath, to inspire them with sentiments of justice and moderation, to terminate their obstinacy and error, and to ordain that your victories be fol­ lowed by peace and tranquility. . . . "Let us entreat him to maintain in each of the states that intelligence by which the United States are inspired. . . . "Let us offer him pure hearts, unsoiled by private hatred or public dissention, and let us, with one will and one voice, pour forth to the Lord that hymn of praise by which Christians celebrate their gratitude and His glory." September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 9 Convention of Franciscan Tertiaries Attracts Thousands Fourteen Members of Hierarchy at Opening Mass and in Civic Procession

MPORTANT AlVIONG THE numerous Kelley, Bishop of Oklahoma City and Tulsa; Catholic conventions of the past few Rt. Rev. Joseph F. McGrath, Bishop of I weeks and far-reaching in its influence Baker City; Rt. Rev. Christopher E. Byrne, and inspiration was the Third Quinquennial Bishop of Galveston; Rt. Rev. Edward J. Convention of the Third Order of St. Fran­ Kelley, Bishop of Boise; Rt. Rev. John J. cis, held August 9-12 in San Francisco, Cali­ Mitty, Bishop 'of Salt Lake City; Rt. Rev. fornia, among the missions and memories Joseph F. Rummel, Bishop of Omaha; Rt. of the early Franciscan fathers who brought Rev. Robert J. Annstrong, Bishop of Sacra­ the faith to the natives of California. mento; Rt. Rev. Daniel J. Gerke, Bishop The keynote of the convention was given of Tucson; Rt. Rev. John J. Cantwell, by His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Joseph F. Bishop of Los Angeles and San Diego; Rt. Rummel, Bishop of Omaha, at the first pub­ Rev. Thomas K. Gorman, Bishop of Reno; lic mass meeting held Sunday night, August Rt. Rev. Hugh C. Boyle, Bishop of Pitts­ 9, in San Francisco's Civic Center Audi­ burgh; and Rt. Rev. Edward F. Hoban, HIS EXCELLENCY, torium. Twelve thousand persons MOST REV. ALBERT T . DAEGER, O.F.M., D.D., Bishop of Rockford. Sermons listened intently to Bishop Rum­ Archbishop of Santa Fe were preached in the various Who celebrated the solemn pontifical Mass at St. Mary's Cathedral, San mel's word picture of the wrongs Francisco, which opened the Quinquennial National Convention of the churches of the archdiocese dur­ Third Order of St. Francis on August 9. The Mass, which was sung by suffered by the Church at the the Padre Choristers from Old Mission Santa Barbara, is Missa de Cata­ ing the course of the convention. luna. one of the ancient Masses brought from Spain by the padres of the hands of hostile elements in Italy, missions and taught to the California Indians. His Excellency, Most by the visiting prelates. Rev. Edward J. Hanna, Archbishop of San Francisco, and host to the Spain and Mexico and were convention, preached the sermon on this occasion. On Sunday afternoon a parade brought to their feet for a spon­ of the tertiaries took place. The taneous applause when the Bishop proclaimed that "if fourteen members of the hierarchy rode in autos, headed by Catholic Action has been selected by the enemies of the a police escort, and civic and religious organizations from Church as the latest pretext for their attack, open or insidi­ all over the Bay region participated. Many bands and ous, upon religion, the Church and human conscience, they floats exhibiting massive paintings of the twenty-one major have found in Pius XI a protagonist and defender of the misBions of the Pacific coast of California added to the Christian faith and principles whose life and liberty they interest of the parade as it passed through streets decorated may threaten or usurp, but whose voice they can never with the national, papal and Franciscan colors. silence and whose spirit they will never break-much less conquer." The cheers ceased only when the audience sat THE formal opening of the convention and its first ses- down from exhaustion, and then only was the Bishop able sion took place in the Civic Auditorium immediately to continue his remarks. A digest of Bishop Rummel's following the inaugural parade, and was occupied with the stirring address is printed on another page of this issue of extension of greetings to the tertiaries and the reading of the N. C. W. C. REVIEW. messages from the Holy Father, the ministers general of the Franciscan Order, and others. . A NOTHER outstanding feature was the presence in the Monday morning's business session dealt with "The Ter­ sanctuary of St. Mary's Cathedral, during the Mass tiary Program in Social Life," featuring addresses on various which opened the convention, of two archbishops and twelve phases of the subject with discussions following each address; bishops. The Mass was celebrated by His Excellency, Most in the afternoon the Franciscan family gathering was held. Rev. Albert T. Daeger, O.F.M., Archbishop of Santa Fe, It was representative of the world-wide family of St. Francis and the sermon was preached by His Excellency, Most Rev. of Assisi-Friars Minor, Friars ' Minor Capuchins, Friars Edward J. Hanna, Archbishop of San Francisco and host to Minor Conventuals, and Third Order Regulars-and was the convention. Archbishop Hanna sketched the life of St. held in honor of the patrons of the convention, St. Anthony Francis and reminded the tertiaries of their consecration to and St. Elizabeth. The common obligation of the entire Christ, dedication to St. Francis, and their present oppor­ Franciscan Order Regular towards the Third Order Secular tunity to influence the ·problems which affect our age. was stressed. Sectional conferences and discussion of fra­ The Mass was sung by the Padre Choristers of Mission ternity problems followed. Santa Barbara and was the Missa de Catalina, one of the Monday night another mass meeting was held. At this ancient Masses brought from Spain by the early fathers and gathering the theme "The Gospel in Action" was developed, sung in all the-missions. This was the first time it had been and the third business session on Tuesday morning dealt heard in San Francisco for one hundred years. with "The Tertiary Program in Domestic Life." The solemn The prelates attending the Mass, in addition to Arch­ close of the convention proper took place in St. Boniface's bishops Hanna and Daeger, were: Rt. Rev. Francis C. Church on Tuesday afternoon, when novices were received 10 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931

and professions renewed. Archbishop Hanna officiated. character and encouraging true patriotism, endorsed Cath­ The spiritual note was strongly evident throughout the olic study clubs and work for the missions. days of the convention. In addition to the exercises already At a banquet Tuesday night, which was attended by 1500 noted, there was a solemn pontifical requiem high Mass for members of the Third Order, plans for the erection of a hugh deceased tertiaries at Mission San Francisco de Asis (Mis­ statue of St. Francis in San Francisco were presented and sion Dolores) on Monday morning, general Communion the addresses of the occasion were tributes to the founder of Masses at a number of the churches on Tuesday morning, the order and to the Franciscan padres who brought Chris­ and Masses of thanksgiving on Wednesday morning. tianity to California. On Wednesday the delegates were In the resolutions, too, the spiritual note was outstanding. guests on an excursion on San Francisco Bay. Among those adopted by the convention was one express~ The convention reelected Very Rev. Bede Hess, O.M.C., ing loyalty, devotion and love to Pope Pius XI 'and pledging chairman of the national executive board of the Third him the united support of 3,000,000 tertiaries. This will be Order. Other officers elected are: Rev. Maximus Poppy, carried to Vatican City by Archbishop Hanna. Another O.F.M., secretary; Rev. Sigmund Cratz, O.M.Cap., vice­ resolution was adopted thanking the Holy Father for his president; Rev. Christopher Winkelman, O.F.M., priest con­ recent opportune pronouncements on education, social con­ sultor; Dr. John C. Armstrong, Olean, N. Y., lay consultor; ditions and Christian marriage, and still others made known Paul Martin, Indianapolis, treasurer. the wholehearted willingness of the members of the Third The next national convention will be held in Louisville, Order to give service in the ~trengthening of American Ky., in 1936.

Bishop 'Rummel Urges Enlistment for Catholic Action-Continued from page 6 of Christian charity and zeal do not seem to come within the immediate and South America can never transpire in the free, tolerant atmosphere province of any department of Catholic Action, but we know from many created by the American Constitution. We have witnessed in other utterances that the Holy Father con~iders the works of the Society of countries sudden upheavals, which fell like bolts of lightning out of a St. Vincent de Paul, the Propagation' of the Faith and all charitable clear sky, and have had our own experiences with blind fanaticism, and missionary aid societies excellent expressions of Catholic Action. stubborn ignorance and prejudice, enough to know that there is no real Broad and comprehensive as is the plan of Catholic Action, neither secW'ity from fW'ious outbreaks against Christ and His ChW'ch and the its organization, nor its scope, nor its procedure reveals the slightest truth for which they stand. There may be little or no open hostility, shadow of a suggestion of political interference. The Holy Father has but there is marked religious indifference, there are leakages in our own not only frequently announced and solemnly pledged that "Catholic ranks, there are pagan outcroppings in our moral, social and industrial Action must stand apart from and above all political parties," but he life, there are open admissions, complaints and charges of private and has also rigorously demanded that the action leaders scrupulously ob­ public corruption, which challenge the exercise of an -apostolate as serve this guarantee. Catholic Action is too exalted a movement and zealous as was that inspired by St. Paul in the early Christians and as follows aims far too sacred to pe thwarted in its effectiveness by the extensive as was the ministry of those first Franciscan enthusiasts who limitations and bickerings of political pettiness. . . . overran Europe by the thousands in the thirteenth century, preaching Catholic Action is all embracing in its personnel and in its objective j llstice, charity, penance and reconci:iation. aims. The Holy Father summons all Catholics of every station to en­ 'I- list, either individually or collectively in a vast army of indefatigable workers, who will cooperate with the hierarchy in their apostolic labors, Annual Meetings of Catholic Educational Associations either by prayers, or through personal and material sacrifice, or by di- , IN ADDITION TO the meeting of the National Catholic Educational rect participation in the specific works of Catholic Action. The mem­ Association which was reported in the August issue of the N. C. bers of the Third Order of St. Francis, always obedient to the behests W. C. REVIEW annual meetings of Catholic educational associations of the Holy See, have an unquestionable duty to throw the full weight were held dW'ing the summer as follows: of their supel ior Christian spirit, zeal and training into this gigantic The FoW'teenth Annual Convention of the National Benedictine f(Jrward movement of God's Holy Church. Pope Pius XI has indeed Educational Association was held June 27, 28, and 29 at St. Vincent instructed the Third Order as a . corporate body, not to enter the field College, Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Members of the association of the of any existing Catholic organization in the pursuit of the spiritual and three Benedictine Congregations in the United States from fifteen corporal works of 'mercy, but this does not imply that tertiaries should Benedictine houses were present at the meeting. not associate themselves individually with organized Catholic move­ Franciscan educators from all parts of the United States and Canada ments and activities. Indeed there are many reasons for urging their attended the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Franciscan Educa­ participation. . . . tional Conference at Detroit, Mich., July 1 to 3. Delegates from three Nor will It be difficult for the American tertiaries to find the proper branches of the Franciscan order, namely, the Friars Minor, Minor field of action. Trained as they are' to a keen perception of spiritual Capuchins and Minor Conventuals were present at the sessions, which val ues they will soon sense the most urgent needs of their respective were held at Duns Scot us College. localities. In the excellent program 'of the National Catholic Welfare The Tenth Annual Jesuit Educational Convention was held Wednes­ Conference, which in many respects is similar to the Italian Catholic day, August 12, at Loyola University, Chicago. Other educational Action pian, they have an expression of the mind of the American conferences were conducted dW'ing the summer by the Association of hierarchy, under whose guidance and leadership Catholic Action is the Universities and Colleges of the Society of Jesus in the Eastern placed by the expressed wish of the Holy See. Noone will question States, both in the Maryland-New York Province, and the Province the need of such action in this country, which bristles with problems of New England. of religion, morality, educa~ion, social relations, family and home life, The First Educational Conference of the Divine Word Fathers was amusements, legislative action and the press. There must be no yield­ held the last week in June at Techny, Illinois. The meeting was at­ ing to the temptation to indulge in a sense of complacent security and tended by the rectors, prefects and educators from the four mission vain imaginings that what is happening in Russia, Spain, Italy, Mexico houses of t.his society. ' 'I September', 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 11 Catholics and Public Affairs By Patrick J. Ward GAIN THE MORE OUTSTANDING of our na­ "Distribution of Wealth and Income," "Political Situation tional social and political problems ~ave been an~­ in Wester'n Europe," "India and Nationalism." A lyzed and discussed before the Institute of Pubhc The program of the Institute of Public Affairs is very Affairs at the University of Virginia, meeting somewhat different from that of the Institute of Politics, but the sub­ earlier this year, in the first two weeks of July, and attended jects dealt with there are as vital to national equilibrium by several Catholics. and security as those at Williamstown are to world peace Each year there are held two public forums, the Institute and understanding. They include such questions as law en­ of Politics and the Institute of Public affairs, one in a moun­ forcement, administration of public business, problems re­ tain walled valley of New England, the other in the heart lating to country life and religion in rural areas, questions of the Old Dominion. involved in matters of local and state government, problems At the Institute of Politics which is held annually at Wil­ raised by the industrial development of the Southern States. liams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, were discussed some of the chief international questions of the day. This E VERY year at the Institute of Public Affairs there is a forum is both representative and international in character, round table devoted to our Latin American relations. As not only in the topics discussed and those who discuss them, explained by Dr. Maphis, the director of the Institute, the but in the attendant membership each year, which comes questions involved in the Latin American policy of the chiefly from all parts of the United States and some from United States and our general business and political relations abroad. Among the speakers are men of outstanding emi­ with Central and South America, while they cannot be con­ nence, some of them prominent statesmen, in many lands. sidered domestic issues, yet, in view of the Pan-American The membership of the Institute consists for the most part spirit so assiduously cultivated, and for cultural and prac­ of those engaged in the teaching of history, in political sci­ tical reasons, occupy a peculiar place in such discussions of ence, economics and related subjects, of editors and writers, public affairs. lecturers, business men, and those engaged or interested in This year at the Latin American round table, under the the wide field of public affairs. chairmanship of Dr. Herman James, president of the, Uni­ versity of South Dakota, there were discussed the "Eco­ THE program of the Institute of Politics t.his year covered nomic, Political, and Social Significance of Recent Revolu­ two principal fields: the causes of economic depression tions in Latin America;" "Growing Investment of U. S. throughout the world and means for economic reconstruction, Capital in Latin America;" "Settlement of International and the problem of disarmament in view of the conference Disputes through Arbitration Treaties" (with special refer­ of the world powers which it is proposed t.o call early in 1932 ence to the Pan-American convention now pending in the for the general limitation and reduction of armaments. U. S. Senate); "Constructive Elements of a Pan-American On the question of disarmament there were discussed: Policy;" "A Program of Closer Cultural Relations with "The Fundamental Nature of Disarmament in Relation to Latin America;" and "Race Relations and the Development World Peace;" "The Political Factors Confronting the Dis­ of Indigenous Culture." armament Conference;" "The Draft Treaty for the Dis­ armament Conference;" and "The Press, Public Opinion and STUDY of the Latin American situation brought out some Disarmament." interesting expressions of opinion. Dr. James, in one of As to the economic situation not only present but future the public evening addresses attended by several hundred problems were discussed from many angles but primarily persons, dealing with some of the obstacles which stand in from the international viewpoint. Under the general title the way of Pan-American understanding, ca1led attention to of ' "World Economic Planning" were discussed the Eco­ the irritation and bad feeling caused by many North Ameri­ nomics of Fascism by Dr. Luigi Villari, Roman econom­ cans who assume that culturally, racially, and in many it· The Economics of Communism by Dr. George Counts other ways the people of the northern continent are superior of 'New York , and the Economics of Capitalism by M. C. . to those of the southern continent. Rorty of N ew York. Other topics were "Economic Problems "The second great obstacle," said Dr. James, "flows from of the British Dominions" by Professor Gregory of the the Protestant superiority complex. This manifests itself University of London; "Economic Problems and Policies of frequently in broad assertions about the relative progress of Germany" by Professor Von Beckerath, University of Bonn; Catholic countries and Protestant countries in the world and "Economic and Commercial Policies of France" by M. and takes a particularly obnoxious form in the attempt of Ie Neveu of L'Union Coloniale. American Protestant churches to proselyte among the peo-. Among the subjects for round table and special confer­ pies of Latin America who are by inheritance members of ences were "Social Psychology of International Conduct," the Roman Catholic Church."

11 - J 12 N. C. "'~. C. REVIEW September, 1931

"For countries," continued Dr. James, "in which the doctrine of all the American countries." But it would be

Roman Catholic Church did what was done for the na­ much better for our Latin American relations, he declaredr tive Indians in Latin America to be patronized and protest­ if it were relegated to the pages of history and cease to be antized by the churches of a country whose Protestant. an­ an active or even dormant political weapon. cestors did what was done to the Indians of the United As has been stressed before, in relation to these public States, is naturally somewhat irritating." forums, there is a very decided opportunity for Catholics to make a noteworthy contribution to the discussion of our IN of view the fact that this year was celebrated the hun­ national and international questions. dredth anniversary of the death of James Monroe (it is nota- Our educated Catholic men and women are not, it is to . ble that as a rule we celebrate· the births rather than the be regretted, making use of this opportunity. A number of deaths of our statesmen), memorial exercises were carried notable Catholics have attended in the past few years both out both at the University of Virginia an~ at Ashlawn, for the Institute of Politics and the Institute of Public Affairs some time Monroe's home. but their number is discouragingly small. The occasion was very suitably one for expressions of opinion and of poliey on the Monroe Doctrine. An address WE have many outstanding Catholics such as members prepared by the Honorable William R. Castle, Jr., Acting­ of the Catholic Association for International Peace, the Secretary of State, who, owing to an international crisis, was Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems, the Catholic unable unfortunately to be present, was delivered by James Rural Life Conference, etc., and many other Catholic schol­ Oliver Murdock, assistant solicitor of the State Department. ars who are very capable of taking a leading, active part in In that address the traditional United States viewpoiJ?t was the programs of both these Institutes. The writer would adhered to though Mr. Castle pointed out that the Monroe recommend the serious consideration of this matter to the Doctrine has not been invoked by this country since the responsible officers of our Catholic organizations which have Venezuelan Boundary case in 1895. a distinctive and valuable contribution to make in the field Taking part in the discussions on inter-American arbitra­ of national and international affairs. tion and on the progress of international settlements of dis­ Catholics are too prone to indifference in these important putes in Latin America this writer made a plea for the liberal:­ matters and do not seem to realize they have a decided duty ization of the Monroe Doctrine, which, he said, "if it is to to fulfil, through such mediums, in the comprehensive field of be a factor in our relations with Latin America should at Catholic Action. This obligation rests on them not merely least be made multilateral in character, that is, ,a declared as Catholics but as citizens.

Bishops of Portland Province Convene in Lacey, Washington T THE INVITATION OF His Excellency, the lVlost The Rev. John J. BU,rke, C.S.P., general secretary, and A Reverend Edward D. Howard, Archbishop of Port­ the Rev. Michael J. Ready, assistant general secretary, of land in Oregon, a meeting of the bishops of that province the Welfare Conference, attended the meetings at Portland convened in Lacey, Wash., August 4, 1931. The meeting and Lacey and later went to San Francisco, where they wel'e was held at St. Martin's Abbey, coincident with the silver the guests of His Excellency, the Most Rev. Edward J. jubilee celebration of the Rt. Rev. Abbot Lambert, O.S.B. Hanna, chairman of the Administrative Committee of the A preliminary meeting was held at Archbishop Howard's N. C. W. C. Father Burke had the opportunity of dis­ home on Monday evening, August 3, at which His Excellency, cussing important conference matters with Archbishop Rt. Rev. Edwin V. O'Hara, Bishop of Great Falls, whose Hanna ,and of reporting on the progress of the work in it~ zeal for the National Catholic Welfare Conference is well various departments. known and at whose suggestion the Lacey meeting was ar­ The Third Order of St. Francis Convention was in progress ranged, outlined briefly the program of the formal meeting. during the general secretary's visit and a further opportunity His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Lillis, Bishop of was afforded of speaking informally on the conference to the Kansas City and chairman of the Social Action Department, eleven bishops of the West and Southwest who had come to N. C. W. C., presided at the Lacey meeting, which consid­ San Francisco to participate in the convention. ered questions on the special needs of the Church in the The plan, suggested and approved by the Administrative Northwest and the general well-being of the Church through­ Committee of Bishops, of holding such sectional meetings out the country. The bishops proposed and entered into of the hierarchy was lauded by the bishops as a means of discussion on questions which' will be considered before the more intimate coordination in promoting the program of national body of bishops at their general meeting in N ovem­ Catholic Action of the National Catholic Welfare Conference, ber. Those present were: Their Excellencies, Archbishop as well as giving, to the bishops of particular districts, the Howard; Rt. Rev. Edward J. O'Dea, Bishop of Seattle; Rt. occasion of discussing special problems which affect the Rev. George J. Finnigan, C.S.C., Bishop of Helena; Rt. Rev. strength or progress of the Church in a particular territory Edward J. Kelly, Bishop of Boise; and Bishop O'Hara. or amongst certain clas~es of people.

------~------September, 1931 N. C. 'V. C. REVIE\\T 13 Compiling the County's Catholic War Record By Irene Dunn Blessed Virgin Mary Sodality Cathedral of the Holy Angels Parish, St. Cloud, Minn.

HE STEARNS COUNTY, MINN., Catholic casion he gave as physically perfect specimens of young war record is in process of final form for its manhood the three Held brothers of this city, aged 19, T ·place in the N. C. W. C. Bureau of Historical 20 and 21 years, and, as it proved, members of a Cath­ Records. And a fine story of Catholic loyalty and serv­ olic family .of eight children. All of which will not give ice to the United States it is! An item in the St. Cloud any particular comfort to those who insist that "quan­ Times of February 11, 1918; had it been noticed at the tity" and "quality" in families cannot go together. outset, might have given substantial assurance of the findings throughout the work of compilation. It is a THE survey was undertaken in the name of our letter from President Wilson to His Excellency, Rt. Blessed Virgin Mary Sodality, affiliated with the . Rev. Joseph F. Busch, D.D., Bishop of St. Cloud. National Council of Catholic Women. I admit I thanking him for a copy of a patriotic pastoral letter was somewhat taken aback when I found there was and for copies of resolutions adopted at a mass meet­ no county World War record of any kind to check up ing of all Catholic parishes of St. Cloud City on with, after the N. C. W. C. Bureau of Historical Rec­ January 20, 19.18, adding that he deeply valued sllch ords had forwarded to me the parish honor rolls on support from his fellow citizens. file. Since this was a primary necessity, I tried getting It is interesting, however, to use occasional hours all the other ch urch lists, and school honor rolls, and for several months in compiling the World War record then went through the files of the local papers for 1917 of one's own county, and then checking the Catholic and 1918. But, it soon became apparent that it was percentages, holding one's breath in anxiety as to necessary to check such 0. list with some authoritative whether they will come up to expectations. It is also ·records to find which names had a Stearns County ad­ most satisfying when these percentages measure up to dress. It seems to me absolutely necessary to have fill one has a right to ask. And they do for Stearns STEARNS COUNTY MONU- the official county list contain only the names with County, Minnesota. We are not the less pleased, MENT TO WORLD WAR DEAD that address. This prevents duplication, and it fo1- since Stearns is known as a Catholic county and is Erected and dedicated June 22, 1931 lows the military system. Those men are credited to by Auxiliary Unit No. 76, American often referred to as a "German" count~. Legion. Forty-nine of the eighty-six each state who gave an address in that state. The war d~~~r~oC~~~o~r ~m~e~:.morial Minnesota Adjuto.nt General gave me permission to FROM figures obtained at the chancery office, and check my list with the records in his office at St. Paul, from the county auditor, the Catholic population in 1918 was shown which took about three months. The result of my search-Stearns to be approximately 30,300 or 56 per cent of the total of 54,139. The County's first complete and authentic World War rester-was pub­ number of service men and women who, so far as could be learned, lished by The St. Cloud T1:mes. were Catholics and who gave a Stearns County address was 1,289 or In advising anyone interested in getting the Catholic record of a 60 per cent of the total number of 2, 14icredited to the county. As at county, I should say first go to the office of the adjutant general of the least a partial explanation of this high percentage, another set of state if no published state or county list exists. The available Catholic figures is interesting. Of the three families of the county with five sons list, and a good map of the county, should be at hand. Go through the in the service all were Catholics. Of the seven families with four sons, list of service cards, looking for addressel!l belonging to your county. five were Catholics and of the forty-two with three sons serving, twenty- Also check each Catholic name, to see if by chance you missed any. ix were of the household of the Faith. One should also ask for the draft lists from the county. This prevents the Of the eighty-six on the Gold Star list, we can chim at least forty- omission of any names, and shows the cases rejected at camp. I tried nine or 57 per cent. The percentage of wounded was 62, or seventy out to account for every name on my Catholic lists. Those not having a of one hundred and thirteen names. Moreover, in the matter of special Stearns County address were placed on a secondary list with the ad­ awards for gallantry we have certainly a record of which to boast. dresses as entered on the military records. The only man to receive the Croix de Guerre is on the Catholic list, AFTE . and a Catholic was one of the only two to receive the Distinguished ' R gettmg the county list, I took all the names from each com- munity not already on the Catholic lists, and tried to find out Service Cross. Further, the man who made one of the best records in whether the men were Catholic. The pastors . were my main standby, all the state, receiving four awards or citations, while no longer a resi- and when they were not well acquainted with the community, some dent of the county, was born here, the son of German Catholic pioneers. good Catholic man or woman would come to my aid. In St. Cloud I Finally six, and possibly seven, of the nine cited for bravery or gallantry checked the names myself, with the aid of the telephone and the city were Catholics, as well as the other young man thus honored who did directories from 1917 on. There remain forty-eight names that I can­ not give a Stearns County address, but belongs here by birth. Of not verify even after publishing them in the local paper. One of my physicians we cannot claim so many, only 38 per cent, but in addition greatest helps was that I took the place of birth, and the street address one of our Catholic doctors served with the French army, and died when copying the official state records. before the war ended. Two of the four dentists are on our list, and as The Catholic check-up has added about two hundred names to the for chaplains, we can claim them one hundred per cent. Of the three Catholic list from Stearns County. In addition there will be nearly who gave a Stearns County address, 0.11 were priests. that many on the supplementary list, namely those· with addresses N or can I resist the temptation to quote here an item which appeared out ide the county or state, as shown by military records, and conse­ in our local paper during the war period giving a statement by the re- quently not included in the county statistics. cruiting officer stationed here. The recorded facts coincide with the spirit of the war time pastoral "Sgt. Chandler has had to refuse but few men while here, and has of Bishop Busch and the patriotic resolutions adopted by the parishes many times stated to the press representatives that St. Cloud and of St. Cloud. Our sodality is happy to have proof of these facts and vicinity possessed the finest type of manhood he had found in any of to have them available in tb.e N. C. W. C. Bureau of Historical Records, his experiences while in the army on recruiting duty." On another oc- the. national depository for Catholic data of the World War. -----+----- 14 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 Bishops Approve Raising Catholic University Fund IXTY ARCHBISHOPS AND bishops have approved be raised by Commencement Day, June, 1932, and this sum, a plan for the raising of $21,686,000 for the expansion with the annual collection in November, will meet impel­ S of the faculties and departments of the Catholic Uni­ lingly urgent needs of the university. versity of America at Washington, D. C. Of this sum The committee for the national celebration of Catholic $1,686,000, it is proposed, shall be gathered by June, 1932, University Day will join with the other committees and the and the remainder by 1940, when the university is to com­ university trustees in drafting a letter to all members of the memorate its golden anniversaI-'y. fhe sixty bishops of the American hierarchy appealing for their support. hierarchy who are cooperating in the effort to obtain this en­ His Excellency, Most Rev. John J. Glennon, Archbishop dowment met for two days at Atlantic City recently to con­ of St. Louis, who is chairman of the Holy Father's com­ sider the various plans submitted by the authorities of the mittee for the advancement of Catholic education through university. the Catholic University of America, presided at all the ses­ Because of ,the existing economic conditions, it is planned sions of the recent conference which discussed plans for the to conduct the immediate program without any general advancement of the university. He stressed the importance appeal, and a large portion of the fund will be raised by the of the Catholic University project to Catholic -education at hierarchy and clergy among themselves. large, pointing out that the university has served as the The conference approved Catholic University Day-the training ground for nearly ten thousand teachers and pro­ first Sunday of Advent. On that day the annual collection fessors, both religious and lay, in the Catholic system of 'for the Catholic University will be taken up in all the Cath­ education. He urged the fact that great national crises olic churches of America and it is expected to realize $600,000 such as the present period of depression may in the future to $1,000,00.0 from this source. Emphasis will be placed be avoided by establishing the moral and spiritual ideals upon the needs of the university on preceding Sundays. His for which the Catholic University stands. Excellency, Rt. Rev. Thomas C. O'Reilly, Bishop of Scran- THE Catholic University of America was founded in 1889 ton, is chairman of the special committee sponsoring Cath- and was placed under the control of the American hier- olic University Day. archy by His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII. It has since remained A committee for the bishops, clergy and laity fund, under under their special care and is the national Catholic Univer­ the chairmanship of His Excellency, Most Rev. John T. sity of America. At the present time, with its thirty-two McNicholas, O.P., Archbishop of Cincinnati, will undertake affiliated colleges on the campus, it has a student enrolment to raise quietly, in special gifts, the $1,686,000 planned to of approximately 2,500. ------+------Brazilian School Official Condemns Education Without Religion CATHOLIC PRINCIPLES OF education such as the Holy Father tion of Brazil is Catholic. Moreover, I submit further that modern himself has vindicated in his encyclical on the subject are incor­ nations: porated in a program proposed for adoption by the Government of "(a) have adopted, practically without exception, legislation re­ BraziL Francisco Campos, minister of public instruction, is the spon­ specting spiritual liberty, not by imposing secularism in the schools, sor of this program. It was submitted by him to the President of the but by adopting religious instruction in harmony with the life of the Provisional Government recently_ Extracts from the preamble follow: family; "It is my pleasure to propose to Your Excellency the following decree "(b) although they may be, with regard to their religions, more which I consider of great moral usefulness for Brazil. divided than we, such nations as Germany, England, Italy, Belgium, "The essential purpose of the school is not merely to instruct but Hoiland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Spain, Austria, Poland, Ru­ also to educate; not alone to form technical men, but also men who in mania, and others, have not sacrified the higher requirement of reli­ their lives, private, professional or civil, will be faithful to their duties. gious instruction to the superficial doctrine of pedagogy, which denies "It is not possible to impose precepts on conscience, or to provide recognition to the great spiritual realities, and pretends to ignore the motives for the will, which .will be effective, unless there be an ethico­ eternal problems of man; religious conception of life. It is not possible to form a man, to orient "(c) Some of them at least, like Belgium, Holland and Italy, hav­ him in such a way that he will attain to the perfection of his nature, ing made experiments for a while with secular education, have corrected and realize the fullness of his destiny, without such a conception. their school laws because there, as well as here, the results were found Whatever position is taken with regard to the question of nature and· injurious." of the destiny of man necessarily implies the solution of the religious problem. Seton Hall Begins 76th Year lINeutrality of education is a pedagogical error; in practice it is WITH THE OPENING of the scholastic term this month Seton impossible, and so-called neutral education-that is an education with­ . Hall College, South Orange, N. J., begins the seventy-sixth year out profound convictions-is no education at all. of its career. Venerable, yet vigorous, among American Catholic col­ "It lies within the duty of the State to respect the natural right of leges is Seton Hall, whose alumnae for more than a long lifetime have parents to educate their children without imposing upon them any had conspicuous roles in the religious, educational and civic activities creed which they are unwilling to accept and without making secular of the United States. education compulsory for the children of families who profess religion, The seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of this college was and whose liberty of conscience the State may not violate. commemorated last June. The event served to remind the present ('Brazil was born as a Catholic nation. Under the influence of generation of Catholics how old is the struggle to provide institutions Catholicism our nation was formed and practically the entire popula- for the sound education of the children of the Church in this country. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 15 Rochester Convention City of the N. C. C. M. By Maurice Sammons, Editor The Catholic Courier and Journal

LANS FOR THE ACCOM­ Boughton Hill, some miles out of Rochester, but now a MODATION of many dele­ part of the Diocese of Rochester. He did excellent work P gates and visitors to the na­ among the Senecas, and made many converts. tional convention of the National Great forests covered this section of the state, and even Council of Catholic Men at Roches­ up to the time of the second war with Great Britain, Roches­ ter, N. Y., October 11, 12 and 13, are ter was a wild and woody region. being made by the committee in Prior to 1808 the few Catholics in western N ew York were charge of arrangements. Delegates under the jurisdiction of the first Bishop of Baltimore, Rt. from dioceses as far west as the Mis­ Rev. John Carroll. In 1808 the Holy See created a new dio­ sissippi River are expected to attend cese out of N ew York, Philadelphia and Boston. the gathering. This year's <'Onven­ Rochester came under the New York jurisdiction. The RT. REV. JOHN F. O'HERN, D.D. tion will be the first the :K ational Reverend Richard Luke Concanen, an Iris.h Dominican, was Bishop of Rochester and Host Council of Catholic Men has held in to the Convention consecrated first Bishop of New York in Rome, Italy. He New York State or any where else was delayed in sailing for America, and in 1810 N ~poleon in the northeast section of the country where Catholics are had him put in prison, where he died of fever on the nine­ most numerous. Many groups of laymen in this part of the teenth day of June that year. United States are affiliated with the National Council of Catholic Men. Most of these, it is forecast, will be repre­ THE Reverend John Connolly was consecrated second sented at the convention. Bishop of N ew York in Rome, November 6, 1814. He Both as a Catholic metropolis and the center of a region came to N ew York in the following year and found four rich in historic interest and scenic appeal, Rochester is certain priests in his diocese. But he obtained others, and in 1818 to be an attraction for many Catholic laymen, especially at and 1819 he sent priests to Rochester and Buffalo. The a season when weather and landscape are at their best. Reverend Patrick McCormick was the first to come to Ro­ Moreover, the committees which are to be hosts to the con­ chester. The Reverend Patrick Kelly came a little later, vention are devising a round of entertainments to supple­ and in 1823 built the first Catholic Church in Rochester, St. ment the serious and practical program. Patrick's, which is now the cathedral. In 1820 the Catholic population of Rochester was 1,500. ROCHESTER is a comparatively young city. In the year Bishop Connolly died in 1825, and the Right Reverend 1812 it had a population of exactly fifteen persons. John DuBois succeeded him. He was a warm friend of Pa­ Other settlers augmented this little group of pioneers, and trick Henry, Marquis de Lafayette, James Monroe, and soon a thriving village was built up in the beautiful valley other great men of those days. There were 150,000 Catho­ of the Genesee River, near the brink of a surpassingly beau­ lics, eight priests and twelve churches in the New York tiful waterfall. Diocese when he took ~harge of it. The diocese covered the But long before this period Rochester had a white settler­ entire State of New York and part of New Jersey. Bishop Father James Fremin, a Jesuit missionary who came from DuBois died in 1842, and was succeeded by Rt. Rev. John Canada to care for Catholic Indians-Hurons who had been Hughes, who later became the first Archbishop of New York. captured by the invading Senecas and Cayugas from the Valley of the Genesee. So numerous were these captives THE Buffalo Diocese, which at that time embraced Ro- that they formed an entire village not far from Rochester. chester, was created in 1847, and the Very Reverend They named thi~ St. Michael's, in honor of their home vil­ John Timon, C.M:, was consecrated Bishop of the new dio­ lage in Canada. To them Father Fremin came in 1668, and cese by Bishop Hughes in that year. There were only six­ during that and the succeeding year he lived at Rochester teen churches in this diocese, which covered one-third of Junction, which at that time bore the French name "Con­ the State of N ew York, and a mere handful of priests. ception." Bishop Timon died in 1867, and the following year the Father Fremin built a chapel and said Mass there on Diocese of Rochester was created. The first Bishop of Ro­ November 3, 1668. The day he dedicated the chapel he chester was that beloved, vigorous and far-seeing churchman, said to the Indians: "I beseech you, open your eyes to the the Right Reverend Bernard J. McQuaid, who was conse­ truth, acknowledge the God of heaven and earth, renounce crated in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City, July 12, everything that displeases Him, render yourselves, by a 1868. Four days later he came to Rochester, where be found const.ant fidelity, worthy of an ever-lasting happiness." only sixty c~urches in the entire diocese and thil'ty-eight In 1671 the Reverend James Pierron, another missionary, priests. came to Gannagaw, or St. James, a Seneca Indian town on For forty years Bishop McQuaid directed the diocese. 16 N. C. W . .C. REVIEW September, 1931

He died leaving it richly endowed with churches, schools, twenty-eight years a pr.iest in the Diocese of Rochester' seminaries, and charitable institutions, and a Catholic popu­ twenty years a pastor, and was familiar with every work lation of more than 120,000. He was not only a great bishop, and every need of the diocese. With amazing energy and but a great and good citizen, interested in all public affairs, surpassing enthusiasm he launched into the work that con­ a pioneer leader in the development of the city's splendid fronted him. He established new parishes; built new schools; park system, and active in every movement for· the better­ brought the Carmelite Sisters, the Sisters of the Good Shep­ ment of Rochester and its people. From the outset he was herd and the Franciscan Sisters into the diocese, and a staunch champion of the parochial school system, and is launched at the beginning of the country-wide business de­ considered by many people as the father o~ the present free pressjon, a building program of more than four millions of parochial schools of America. dollars for the diocese, including two new hospitals, several new churches and schools, rectories and annexes to estab- . "B UILD schoolhouses, then, for the religious education of lished diocesan institutions. He established a Rochester your children, as the best protest against a system of radio hour before the National Catholic Hour. was instituted, education from which religion has been excluded by law," and from the very beginning of his episcopate has been an he said to his people at the beginning of his episcopate, when active and ~nergetic factor in every worthwhile ciyjc affair he could not prevail upon the authorities to furnish schools in the diocese. He reorganized the organization controlling in which his children might be taught religion. He was in the Columbus Civic Center and took it over under a lay and all truth a great champion of Catholic education, and all clerical board, to be conducted as a great Catholic civic and his life he advocated new schools, better schools, and better welfare center for all people of the city-men, women and teachers. He built St. Andrew's Preparatory Seminary two children. At every Catholic affair of any importance­ years after he came to Rochester, for the preliminary train­ parish, social, fraternal or otherwise; at every civic affair, ing of boys for the priesthood. He built St. Bernard's Theo­ or charitable, Bishop O'Hern is there, spreading cheer and logical Seminary in 1893. He established Holy Sepulchre building good will. Not long ago he was host at a dinner to Cemetery, one of ~he finest in the world; built St. Ann's every clergyman in the City of Rochester, Protestant, Jew Home for the Aged; founded a Normal School for teachers, and Catholic, and the event has had far-reaching effects for established many new parishes, schools and charities, and good in the community. left the Rochester Diocese one of the finest and most com­ plete in America at the time of his death. IT is a far cry from a hundred years or more ago when men The second Bishop of Rochester, the beloved Right Rev­ like Felix McGuire walked from Rochester to Albany, erend Thomas F. Hickey, D.D., was consecrated Titular and later from Rochester to Utica, to have their children Bishop of Berenice, with right of succes­ baptized, taking their wives and babies sion, and became coadjutor to Bishop with them in ox-carts, while they trudged McQuaid on May 24, 1905. He succeeded on foot through winding roads in the wil­ Bishop McQuaid upon his death, January derness. Where the war cry of the Senecas 18, 1909, and for twenty years-twenty and Cayugas sounded less than 150 years marvelous years of growth, of expansion, ago, and where the forests were thick and of organization, of progress-he presided wild, there are now in the Diocese of Ro­ over the destinies of the Diocese of Ro­ chester 203 churches, 72 parish schools, chester. He established a number of new four hospitals, eight high schools, two semi­ parishes, built the splendid Aquinas In­ naries, one home for the aged, three or­ stitute, (a Catholic high school for boys) phan asylums, one college, and many other organized the .first Teachers' Institute for Catholic institutions, with nearly 200 Catholic school teachers in the diocese, priests, and 1,000 sisters doing God's work and by word, example, work and inspira­ under the direction of a progressive, ener­ tion he carried and kept the diocese to getic and beloved Bishop. the surpassingly high plane mapped out Hospitality of the warmest will meet all by his predecessor. Bishop Hickey, in who come to the Flower City of the Gene­ poor health for a long time, resigned early see Valley for the N. C. C. M. convention. in 1929, and was made titular Archbishop The Rochester committee that is to have of Vimanacium. charge of the various activities in prepara­ tion for the convention and for the recep­ O N March 19, 1929-th~ feast of St. tion and entertainment of delegates and Joseph-the third Bishop of Roches­ visitors includes the following: Frederick ter, the Right Reverend John Francis Where some of the sessions of the 11th Annual J. Mix, chairman, Cyril J. Statt, Patrick Convention of the National Council of Catholic O'Hern, D.D., was consecrated. He had Men will be held. Other sessions will be held in A. Dwyer, Frank H. Biel and John A. the Sagamore Hotel, which will be also the hea

Noll, Huntington, Ind., on "Missions;" Sister Mary Angela King of CATHOLIC CENTRAL VEREIN OF AMERICA the School Sisters of Notre Dame, St. Mary'S College, Milwaukee, 1 Wis., on the reading of Catholic newspapers, books and other literature; A FTER AN INTERVAL of ten years Fort Wayne had the pleasure Rev. Clement Neubauer, O.M.Cap., of Huntington, Ind., on "St. of welcoming the general conventions of the Catholic Central Anthony and St. Elizabeth;" William P. Hapgood of Indianapolis, on Verein and the Catholic Women's Union for a five-day " ssion com­ "An Experiment in Industrial Democracy;" and Rev. Edward F. mencing August 22. Approximately 500 delegates from throughout Garesche, S.J., on "The Medical Mission." the United States, representing nearly 13,000 pai~sh societies, consid­ Reports On the activities of the Central Bureau of the Central '('red problems of the day and listened to addresses by members of the Verein and on the diamond jubilee of the Verein, held last year in Balti­ clergy and laity. more, were given by F. P. Kenkel and William H. Siefen, respectively. Twenty-two resolutions were adopted by the conventions and the Mass was attended each day by the delegates, that on Tuesday being ()utstanding note bore out the considerations of the sessions. Protest offered for deceased members, and on Thursday a Mass of thanksgiving. against further extension of federal control in matters pertaining to the home, opposition to a federal child labor bill, criticism of the Farm Board, advocacy of voluntary employment insurance, and a reaffirma­ ' KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS i t.ion of the Catholic stand on marriage are subjects of a few of the reso­ I------1+ lutions adopted. Others renewed and emphasized the Verein's love, WITH SEVERAL THOUSAND persons in attendance, and four loyalty and devotion to the Holy Father, praised Rt. Rev. John F. Noll~ countries-the United States, Canada, Newfoundland and Cuba Bishop of Fort Wayne and' host to the convention, for his establishment -and two American possessions-Porto Rico and the Philippine Is­ of a training school for missionary catechists, explained and stressed lands-represented among the 302 official delegates attending, the 49th the need of Catholic Action, and endorsed the observance in 1932 of Annual Supreme Convention of the Knights of Columbus on Tuesday, the 200th anniversary of the birth of George Washington. August 18, convened at French Lick Springs, Ind. The convention, Willibald Eibner, New UIm, Minn., president of the Verein, and the which lasted three days, was, according to all accounts, one of the majority of the other officers were reelected. All officers of the National most successful ever held by the order. Catholic Women's Union will serve another year. Many delegates and visitors arrived previous to the scheduled ses­ The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was filled to capacity sions of the convention but enjoyed the opportunity thus afforded of for the solemn pontifical Mass celebrated Sunday by His Excellency, meeting and greeting old friends. A reception to Martin H. Carmody, Bishop Noll. The stirring sermon, preached by Rt. Rev. Msgr. F. A. supreme knight, was held on Monday evening and served as n general Rempe of Chicago, reviewed the distressing economic conditions exist­ reunion. Another outstanding social event was the banquet which ing throughout the world and cited the solution for the world's ills as took place the evening of the middle day of the convention. offered by His Holiness, Pope Pius XI, in his encyclical Quadragesimo An impressive field Mass on a wooded hillside of the grounds of the Anno. Notification that the Holy Father had bestowed his apostolic French Lick Springs Hotel fittingly opened the convention. His Ex­ blessing on the convention was read at the Mass. cellency, Rt. Rev. John A. Floersh, Bishop of Louisville, was the cele­ Prior to the Mass, a joint session of the two organizations was held brant and the Priests' Choir of Indianapolis and the Schola Cantorum in the Catholic Community Center, featuring addresses of welcome. of the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, Indianapolis, rendered the music. A public mass meeting took place Sunday night, at which three His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Joseph Chartrand, Bishop of Indianapolis, speakers-Bishop Noll, the Very Rev. Dr. A. J. Muench, rector of St. preached on this occasion and stressed the need of dependence on the Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, and the Rev. Francis A. Wanenmacher, Church as the interpreter of the truth. He explained the different of St. Bernard's Church, Buffalo-stressed the need of Catholic Action functions of the will and the intellect in man and spoke of the falsity in present-day social and economic matters. of the modern standards of morality. "It appears," said Bishop Noll, "that the 1,000,000 Communists in The sessions of the convention opened with a general meeting after the world are doing more against religion than the 360,000,000 Cath­ the field Mass, to which both delegates and visitors were welcome. olics in the world are doing for it. We belong to an international Church M. E. Foley of Indianapolis greeted the gathering in the name of His Excellency, Governor Leslie, and outlined the part Catholicity played but are not at all internationally minded. If all the societies were united in action they would have an influence that could not be ignored." in the early history and the later development of the State of Indiana. The business sessions began in the afternoon of August 18 and one , Dr. Muench talked on "Youth and the Future Society and the of the features was the address of the supreme knight, Martin H. Car­ Nation," and a review of the famous encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII and mody, reporting on the work of the organization for the past year. Pope Pius XI was given by Father Wanenmacher. Drought relief, charitable enterprises, social work, a $5,000 contribution Other speakers at the convention were: William A. Boerger, presi­ toward the Catholic Hour sponsored by the National Council of Cath­ dent of the Central Verein of Minnesota, who spoke on "The Inactive olic Men, aid of the unemployed and cooperation with President Mass, Our Dead Weight;" Dr. Joseph A. Muenzer of Toledo, whose Hoover in this work, and boys' welfare are some of the undertakings subject was "Birth Control;" Catechist D. M. Schneider of Victory recounted by Mr~ Carmody. The golden jupilee of the order, to be cele- T 18 N. C. Vv • C. REVIEW September, 1931 brated next year in Washington, D. c., Mr. Carmody told the delegates, More than one thousand schools were reported to have participated should prompt local councils to enrol 50,000 new members. In con­ in Irish history contests sponsored during the last two years and the nection with the celebration of the jubilee the Knights will erect a meeting decided to continue the contests. monument in the national capital to the memory of the late James In addition to the appointment of His Excellency, Rt. Rev. James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore. A. Griffin, Bishop of Springfield, Ill., as national chaplain, the meeting The Supreme Secretary, William J. McGinley, reported, among other elected the following officers for the men's branch: Michael W. Delaney statistics, twenty-one new councils organized and a net increase of of Chicago, president, to succeed Judge Martin L. Sweeney of Cleve­ 6,759 insurance members. Papal Count Edward L. Hearn, Knights of land; John J. O'Connor of Massachusetts, vice-president; Thomas Columbus educational commissioner in Rome, in a closed session dis­ Kierans of Montreal, Canadian vice-president; Leo Kelley of Pennsyl­ cussed the closing of the playgrounds which had been provided by the vania, secretary; and Thomas J. Ginegan of New Jersey, treasurer. Knights for the children of the Eternal City. The Ladies Auxiliary of the order reelected its national officers for Another address to the convention which was of tpe nature of a re­ another term. port was given by Rt. Rev. lVIsgr. James H. Ryan, rector of the Catholic Chicago was designated as the next conventbn city. University of America, Washington, D. C., and outlined the accom­ plishments of men who have held scholarships at the university pro­ -----+----- vided by the Knights of Columbus . . During the Thursday sessions of the convention a telegram was re­ Rochester Convention Plans Include Industrial ceived by Mr. Carmody from President Hoover, inviting him to be­ Conference ~eeting come a member ~f the advisory board which is to cooperate with the existing agencies seeking a solution of the unemployment problem. A SPECIAL FEATURE OF THE conventio·n of the National This invitation was accepted by Mr. Carmody. Council of Catholic Men, scheduled to be held in Rochester, All the supreme officers were reelected, and a number of resolutions N. Y., October 11-13, will be an additional day's meeting, Wednesday, were passed, among them one protesting against the exploiting of crime October 14. This meeting will be held jointly under the auspices of in the moving pictures. . the National Council of Catholic Men and the Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems. The sessions will be given over to Pope Pius' great encyclical "Forty Years After-Reconstructing the Social Order," and to ways and means of making it effective in the United States. 'j' ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS r +------+ This plan of having, after the regular convention of the National Council of Catholic Men, a joint meeting with the Catholic Conference DELEGATES TO- THE 57th Biennial Convention of the Ancient on Industrial Problems is being inaugurated this year and is looked Order of Hibernians and its Ladies Auxiliary who gathered in upon as an arrangement to be continued in coming years. It is a sign Newport, R. I., for a four-day session July 21-24, inclusive, listened of the desire of the National Council of Catholic Men to help Catholic to a very definite call to Catholic Action by Rt. Rev. William A. Hickey, men to do their part to sol ve the economic problems of the country Bishop of Providence and host to the conventions, and returned to their including the present depression and unemployment. It is a sign further homes pledged to carry out a program which will cover a wide field of of the desire of the Men's Council to make its general conventions oc­ religious, patriotic and educational activities. casions for meetings of special groups to help the National Council of AddTessing the 700 delegates to the convention in his sermon at the Catholic Men in its deliberations and in the impetus it wishes to give opening Mass of the convention, Bishop Hickey warned that false to Catholic Action in the United States. philosophies of. human life and organization are making inroads into The Convention Committee of the Rochester Diocese, headed by the mind of America. He emphasized the Holy Father's call for Chris­ Mr. Frederick J. L. Mix, is actively at work with preparations for the tian education and Catholic Action and, at the same time, explained convention. The interest awakened among the pastors, lay organiza­ that Catholic Action does not mean political action or activity. "It tions and the Catholic people of the diocese is a sure indication that, means," Bishop Hickey said, "Catholic behavior, Catholic example, those who come to the meeting of the National Council of Catholic Christian love for all races; it means an abandonment of this dreadful Men in the see city of His Excellency, Rt. Rev. John F. O'Hern, will principle of extreme nationalism that has manifested ·itself in Russia find there a most enthusiastic spirit of welcome and hospitality. and in Italy and is coming rapidly to the fore in Germany at this hour. Christian Catholic Action rises superior to all political lines or racial The business sessions Monday and Tuesday are to be devoted to lines of division, and bids us look upon all men as brothers in Christ discussions and conferences which will concern the best method of through their sonship to the Divine Father." making Catholic Action effective by a wider participation in the national movements for the study of crime and disregard of law; the study of Part of each day was given to social events and sightseeing, and a industrial problems including unemployment and the present economic formal banquet. was held at Newport Beach on Thursday evening, depression, and to devise plans by which Catholic organizations can July 23. stimulate the interest of their members in their own work to make their The report of the retiring president, Judge Martin L. Sweeney of meetings more interesting and effective. These are all matters of the· Cleveland, showed that $25,000 had already been collected and for­ utmost concern to Catholic laymen and lay organizations. warded by the organization for the Irish College Fund and that an The headquarters office of the National Council of Catholic Men additional $15,000, already collected, is expected to be sent soon. announces that all lay organizations and societies, whether affiliated Resolutions adopted by the convention pledged the "reverential or not, are welcome to send representatives to the Rochester Conven­ devotion of the organization to the Holy Father and expressed sym­ tion. The annual gatherings of the N. C. C. M. provide the only op­ pathy with his noble efforts in behalf of social justice and religion;" portunity that is offered for all the various lay societies, national, state reiterated pledges of allegiance to the United States; hailed the advance and local, to meet in joint conference, exchange their views and experi­ of Ireland towards complete political sovereignty; declared naval dis­ ences, and plan together for the advancement of Catholic interests and armament to be perilous to the safety of the nation and warned against the promotion of the general good. The invitation of the N. C. C. M. the entry of the United States into the world court. Other resolutions goes to all Catholic groups and individual laymen, and carries with it contained an endorsement of the National Catholic Welfare Conference, the promise of His Excellency, Bishop O'Hern, that all interests in Ro­ the National Council of Catholic Men, the Catholic Hour, and pledged chester, religious, commercial and civic, are ready to extend a cordial cooperation in making the Eucharistic Congress in Dublin a success. welcome to all who come. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 19 I N. C. W. C. Activities in the Field of Immigration +------4 Mexicans in Southwest Feeling Depression not become public charges if allowed to enter "What's In A Name?" Severely and that the visas are being arbitrarily with­ THAT IT IS SOMETIMES unwise to be- held. THE DEPLORABLE situation which pre- lieve everything one is told and that As a result of the visit to the State Depart­ vails amongst families of Mexicans in the Shakespeare was wrong when he implied that ment, the consuls concerned have been re­ United States during the present economic there was nothing in a name has just been quested to report their findings in the indi­ depression is evidenced by the numerous de­ demonstrated rather tragically to a family of vidual cases and to state the ground on which mands upon the EI Paso Office of the N. C. Irish brothers, only one of whom was lucky each visa was refused, the department at the W. C. Bureau of Immigration for assistance enough to enter this country legally. That same time pointing out that it can not exer­ in being repatriated to Mexico. a certain element of humor enters into their cise any jurisdiction in these cases through It is a fact that where unemployment ex­ dilemma is no consolation at all to the other instructions to the consuls as to the action ists the poor Mexican is one of the first to three. to be taken. It is because the State Depart­ feel its effects and when the unemployment There were, to begin with, four brothers. ment is unable to exercise jurisdiction that continues over a considerable period he na­ Thomas, the eldest, first applied for a visa an appeal to the President was considered turally becomes restless and seeks out those under the quota of Northern Ireland to necessary, the support of the senators and resolU'ces which can help him in returning to which he belonged, but this being before the congre men from the districts in which the his native country. As was explained in one of National Origins plan went into effect, he citizen wives reside and of the American .our paragraphs in the July number of the was told he would have to wait two years Federation of Labor being sought at the same N. C. W. C. REVIEW, the Bureau of Immi- before his name would be reached on the time. gration has been appealed to by welfare waiting list. The steamship agent in the small agencies throughout the Southwest States for town in which the boy resided, being asked if Marriage Laws of Different Nations help in solving these problems of repatriation. there were no way of hurrying the matter, ad­ Cause Confusion Amongst the numerous families receiving vised him to get a birth certificate of some attention of this kind on June 17 were eight A CURIOUS AND altogether enbarras- relative who had been born in the Irish Free who had resided continuously in the United sing difficulty has arisen in a limited State and informed him that he would then States for more than ten years and whose number of immigration cases, in which Ital­ have to wait only three weeks. Thomas, we .children with few exceptions were born and ian men who have become American citizens regret to state, followed this not altogether educated here. These families had lived in have petitioned for non-quota visas for wives disinterested advice. He obtained the birth Los Angeles, Phoenix, Oklahoma City, El whom they have gone to Italy to marry. In certificate of his cousin Patrick, applied for Paso (three), and Topeka, Kansas (two). the cases under discussion it has come to the his passport and visa under the cousin's The family from Phoenix included two daugh­ attention of either the Department of Labor name, and, the fraud being undiscovered, ters, graduates of the public high school, one or the respective American consuls that the left promptly for the United States. of whom was pursuing a college course, with wives in question are likewise the nieces of Peter next applied for a visa, also, as was plans for a teacher's certificate in mind. their husbands and non-quota visas have proper, under the quota for Northern Ire­ been promptly refused. land. The agent, however, told him that he While the marriages of uncles and nieces Citizen Wives Organization would have to wait twelve or fourteen months are not encouraged in Italy they are some­ and that he was very foolish not to use the A NIQUE ORGANIZATION at pres- times permitted, both by the State and the application of his brother Thomas, who was ent exists in the United States under the Church. In most of the states in this coun­ already in America (as Patrick) but whose name of the Citizen Wives Organization. It try, however, such marriages are strictly con­ application under his own name had just came into being early this year and consists trary to law and punishable by imprisonment. been reached on the waiting list. Peter ac­ exclusively of American women citizens who Where it is found that the relationship of cordingly complied, obtained Thomas' visa married aliens residing abroad and whose uncle and niece exists, therefore, husbands and likewise sailed for New York. husbands have been refused non-quota and residing in the United States cannot hope to The third brother, Patrick, in turn pre­ preference visas by the American Consuls. be allowed to bring their wives here. sented himself to the steamship agent and The refusals have in most cases been caused A less serious situation exists where proxy in turn was informed that the application in by the regulation of last October and are marriages are concerned. Such marriages Peter's name was then just about being based on the ground of likelihood to become are recognized in some countries but are not reached at the Consulate and that it would a public charge. recognized in the United States and therefore be the height of folly not to claim it. We Needless to say, the object of the organiza­ the prOA"y wife of an American citizen would therefore have Patrick sailing as Pe1jer. tion is to obtain the admission to the United not be granted a non-quota visa until an addi­ Fortunately for James (the fourth brother), States of the alien husbands of the members. tional ceremony with the contracting parties Patrick evidently did not file an application A delegation visited the assistant secretary of present in person had taken place. Aliens under his own name, which would seem to state and the chief of the Visa Section of are thus obliged to meet all of the marriage represent a distinct oversight on the part of the State Department on April 13, and the requirements of their own respective govern­ the steamship agent. There was nothing for President has likewise been requested to re­ ments before their marriages will be recog­ James to do therefore but obtain a visa for ceive a delegation, though at this writing nized by this country for purposes of immi­ himself and enter the United States in a he has not yet agreed to do so. gration and must at the same time m.eet in legitimate manner, which he did. . Although only about 250 women form the addition the requirements of the United Thomas, Peter and Patrick, having been actual membership, the number of American States. Proxy marriages, legal in some coun­ reported anonymously by someone who had women citizens whose alien husbands have tries, are not recognized here, while church gained knowledge of the facts, were deported been refused visas is very much larger. The marriages, legal in this country, are not on the ground of illegal entry and are now 250 members, however, contend that their sufficient in the cases of immigrants who were back in Ireland with no hope of ever being financial circumstances are such that they are married in countries which require a civil allowed to return. The N. C. W. C. Bureau able to gllarantee that their husbands will ceremony. attempted to help them by pointing out to 20 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 the immigration authorities that they had obtained her final papers. The application that it had been found necessary at the last been more misguided than intentional wrong­ was filed in September and on the heels of minute to postpone his departure and a let­ doers, and while conceding the technical this came the State Department's instruc­ ter had been dispatched to the wife advising necessity for their leaving the country, asked tions to consuls to refuse visas to all persons her to this effect and stating that a ticket that they be allowed to go without warrants coming to seek employment. Again the mat­ would be provided for her on the later sailing. in order that they might hope at some later ter looked hopeless, but the Bureau outlined The letter had failed to reach her as she had date to re-enter in a legal manner. The re­ the type of documents which its experience left her rooming-house in Brooklyn before the quest was refused, the authorities contending had shown would be likely to prove to the morning mail arrived. She had paid over that while the suggestion to use the wrong consul's satisfaction that the husband would $5.00 for conveyance of her baggage from names and documents had originated with not become a public charge, and upon their Brooklyn to Hoboken by taxi and her sole the agent, the young men had knowledge of receipt forwarded them to its correspondent, . remaining worldly wealth was $4.00. what they were doing, and that in addition the Spolek sv. Rafaela in Prague, for pre­ The N. C. W. C. representative caught the it is now the policy of the Department of sentation to the consul. Word came back that wife's baggage just as it was being put on Labor to withhold warrants only where the consul had carefully reviewed the docu­ the steamer and had it removed to the pier American wives and children are invol ved. ments but was still uncertain about granting where he left it in charge of the baggage com­ the visa. At last he agreed to do so, however, pany. He then took the Wife to New York and the man scarcely able to credit his good Man Re~nited to Family After Years and arranged for her care at the Leo House fortune, sailed for the United States. He of Separation (German Immigrant Home) until the sailing was still to encounter one more delay at of the boat on which she · and her husband THE BUREAU HAS taken much satisfac­ Ellis Island, where he was at first detained were to leave a week later. This was neces­ tion in the reunion of a Cleveland family because of his previous deportation, and a sary inasmuch as the federal authorities were which has just been brought about after frantic telegram came to the Bureau from powerless to shelter the woman since she was years of separation. Cleveland, asking what could be done. That not being deported but merely voluntarily The husband, a Czechoslovak, had come the man had been granted permission to re­ repatriated. The husband in the meantime to the United States many years ago but at apply was soon demonstrated to the satisfac­ was in a very nervous state on Ellis Island the outbreak of the war was interned as an tion of the authorities, and at last he was on since he believed that his wife had gone off enemy alien. He was later released and went his way to join his wife and the young son on the other boat, but the N. C. W. C. worker back to his own country, returning after the whom he had never seen. on the Island having received word from the Armistice. He showed his discharge papers Bureau's New York office that she had not from the internment camp at the port of Coordination Difficult When Members of departed, was able to reassure him. entry, and these being mistaken for discharge Alien Families Have Different Status papers from the U. S. Army, he was admitted without difficulty. Later, when the man SUFFICIENT CONFUSION occurs in or- Father's Death Takes Away Daughters' in all good faith applied for citizenship, the dinary cases of deportation to harass Non-Quota Status mistake was discovered and he was ordered most social workers in ·the immigration field deported as illegally in the country. but when a husband is about to be deported LAWS OF ALMOST ANY description are I n the meantime he had married and his and his wife is about to be repatriated and it frequently -responsible for creating odd wife was about to have a baby, in view of is their earnest wish to sail together, the and difficult situations and the U. S. Immi­ which he was given permission to reapply for matter becomes even more complex. Depor­ gration law is no exception. A Spanish fam­ admission within the year if able to obtain tation is one thing and repatriation is quite ily in whom the N. C. W. C. Bureau is inter­ a visa. He was deported in January, 1928, another, as all earnest readers of these ested has recently been brought to a sad four months before the birth of his child. monthly immigration notes must realize by realization of this fact. Upon reaching Prague he registered at once now and it is sometimes difficult for the gov­ The family consisted of the parents and for a visa but the Czech quota was exhausted ernment authorities to coordinate the two. three daughters, all of whom had been born and a long wait loomed ahead. The .husband in the case under considera­ in Spain except the father, who was a native During the anxious months that followed, tion was an illegal entrant who was being of Cuba. As a person born in Cuba the the wife in Cleveland studied diligently in deported as such. The wife whom he had father enjoyed a non-quota status under the the hope of soon being able to apply for married less than a year ago, being left with­ immigration law and as the wife and minor American naturalization, the possession of out means of support and expecting a baby in children of a native of Cuba, his family were which would place her husband in the non­ the near future, applied for voluntary re­ entitled to a similar. privilege. quota class and permit his immediate return. patriation as an alien who had fallen into dis­ Accordingly, father, mother and one daugh­ Then Congress passed the Deportation Act tress within three years of entry. Naturally, ter came to the United States to reside per­ of March 4, 1929, which perpetually banished they wished to go together, and the N. C. manently, leaving the t~o other girls at school from the United States any alien who had W. C. Bureau succeeded in having the de­ in Spain. The latter were to join their family ever been deported for any reason whatever. cision in the wife's case expedited in order here as soon as the parents had become set­ The N. C. W. C. Bureau could only counsel that her departure on the same boat with tled in their new home. The father died, the desperately worried woman to hope that her husband might be arranged. however, before the daughters could be sent Congress would see fit to incorporate a change The day before that on which the couple for, and immediately upon his death the in the drastic deportation act which might were scheduled to sail the wife received in­ daughters automatically lost the non-quota make it possible for her husband to come structions at Ellis Island to present herself at status which had been theirs as the minor back. The very modified amendment which the pier the following morning where her children of a native of Cuba. They can now followed after three months fortunately did ticket would be given her-her husband to only come to this country, therefore, when affect the man's case favorably as he was be put on board at the same time as a de­ they are able to obtain second preference among the limited number who had received portee. Shortly before the sailing hour, thirty visas under the Spanish quota, which will permission to reapply prior to March 4, 1931. deportees arrived from Ellis Island, among not be for a long time due to the smallness The Bureau hastened to inform the wife and which, however, the N. C. W. C. representa­ of the quota for Spain and the large demand to offer assistance in filing an application for tive failed to locate the husband. A tele­ against it, or through the mother's pos ible a non-quota visa as soon as she should have phone inquiry to the Island revealed the fact naturalization two years hence. ------+------September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 21 N. Co. C. W. Convention Program Visions Current Problems Moral Factors in Industry Subjects of Some of Principal Addresses OMPLETING THE ELEVENTH year of its exist­ international messages are to be the topic. Miss Bresette ence, the National Council of Catholic Women holds will discuss the Encyclical "Forty Years After" and Dr. C its annual convention in Washington, D. C., October Fenwick will talk on "Christian Principles and the Inter­ 4-7, in accordance with its established custom to meet in national Organization." the national capital every other year. The session Tuesday evening will again reflect interest in Current problems of religion, of industry, of international questions and problems of current importance. The general relations, and several aspects of Catholic Action will be the topic at this session will be "Social Justice." Speakers are themes of speakers and the topics 6f general meetings on the to be Rev. John La Farge, S.J., who will discuss "Interracial last three days of the convention. The economic depression, Justice, a Field of Catholic Action;" and Rt. Rev. Msgr. with the moral and social questions it connotes, has been William Hughes, director, Bureau of Catholic Indian Mis­ given its proper emphasis in the program. sions, who will have for his subject "Opportunities for Lay­ His Excellency, Most Rev. Pietro Fumasoni-Biondi, Apos­ women for Service Among American Indians." "Catholic tolic Delegate to the United States, and four bishops are to Action in a Rural Diocese" will also be discussed at this have part in the exercises of the convention. Most Rev. session. Archbishop Fumasoni-Biondi will celebrate the pontifical It was deemed advisable this year to change the plan with high Mass which is to be the opening function of the gather­ regard to the pre-convention meeting on Saturday. Because ing. This Mass will be celebrated at the National Shrine of the importance of the discussion of diocesan problems of of the Immaculate Conception on the grounds of the Cath­ organization, it was decided to devote one full session of the olic University of America, on Sunday, October 4. The regular convention to that particular phase of the work. sermon, which is expected to be also the inspiration of the Saturday will be given to meetings of the national commit­ convention, will be delivered by His Excellency, Rt. Rev. tees with their chairmen and consultants, in order to have Francis C. Kelley, Bishop of Oklahoma City and Tulsa. opportunity for discussion of their reports, and will also pro­ His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Joseph F. Rummel, Bishop of vide opportunity for informal conferences between diocesan Omaha, is to addresf3 the mass meeting in the ballroom of presidents or representatives of national organizations with the Hotel Mayflower, headquarters of the convention, Sun­ mem bers of the board of directors. An informal reception day evening; Rt. Rev. Joseph Schrembs, Bishop of Cleve­ will be held Saturday evening in the ballroom of the May­ land, will greet the delegates at the first business session of flower. the convention, Monday forenoon, October 5; Rt. Rev. The importance of this coming together of Catholic women Karl J. Alter, Bishop of Toledo, will be one of the speakers from all parts of the country to discuss their interests and the afternoon of Tuesday, October 6, when several hours problems cannot be overestimated, and a large attendance will be given to a discussion of the National Catholic School is hoped for and anticipated. Full information, including of Social Service and its needs and opportunities. delegates' credential cards, has been mailed to each affiliated Miss Linna E. Bresette, of the N. C. W. C. Social Action organization and hotel rates may be secured on request to Department, and Dr. Charles G. Fenwick, of Bryn Mawr N. C. C. W. headquarters. The tentative program for the College, will appear in the program Monday evening when convention proper follows:

Tentative Program of Convention

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1931 Greetings from Washington Women.

Morning Addresses: ((Darkness or Light"-His Excellency, the Rt. Rev. Joseph F. Rummel, D.D., Bishop of Omaha. "Women in Cath­ 11:00 A. M.-Pontifical High Mass-National Shrine of the Immacu­ olic Action"-Mary G. Hawks. late Conception-His Excellency, the Most Reverend Pietro Fumasoni-Biondi, D.D., Apostolic Delegate to the United States, celebrant. MONDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1931 Sermon: His Excellency, the Rt. Rev. Francis C. Kelley, D.D., Morning Bishop of Oklahoma City and Tulsa. 8:00 A. M.-Mass at St. Matthew's Church. Afternoon For the Intention of the Holy Father. Reception at National Catholic School of Social Service. Benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrament. 10:00 A. M.-Regular business meeting. Greetings of the Episcopal Chairman-His Excellency, the Rt. Evening Rev. Joseph Schrembs, D.D., Bishop of Cleveland.' 8:00 P. M.-Mass Meeting, Ballroom, Hotel Mayflower. Report of Secretary. Music. R:eport of Treasurer. Civic Welcome-Dr. Luther Reichelderfer. Address of President. 22 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931

Afternoon Information for Delegates and Visitors to 2:00 P. M.-Report of Executive Secretary. N. C. C. W. Convention Interpretation of Federation-Presidents of National Organiza­ REPRESENTATION-In accordance with the constitution of the tions. N. C. C. W., each local organization whose dues are paid is en­ Report of Finance Committee. titled to send one voting delegate to the convention; the national or­ Evening ganizations and the diocesan and state councils are entitled to two 8:00 P. M.-Music. delegates. International Messages: CREDENTIALS-Credential-Registration card for official dele­ "Forty Years After," Linna E. Bresette. gates have been sent to each organization whose dues are paid. This "Christian Principles and the International Organization," card should be filled out completely, signed by the president of the Charles G. Fenwick, Ph.D. organization, the credential car.d returned to Washington promptly, and the registration card retained by delegate and presented at the registra­ TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1931 tion Desk. Morning · (Avoid delay at registration desk by mailing credential to head­ quarters and by bringing registration card with you.) 8:00 A. M.-Mass at St. Matthew's Church-For living and deceased members of N. C. C. W. REGISTRATION-Registration fee: Organizations $1.00; Indi­ 9:30 A. M.-Diocesan Organization: dividuals 50c. Hours for registration 8:00 A. M. to 8:00 P. M. each day of the convention. The Purpose of Diocesan Councils-Anne M. Nicholson, Ph.D. Discussion led by Presidents of Diocesan and State Councils. RESOLUTIONS-Suggestions for resolutions may be mailed to 12:30 P. M.-Peace Luncheon. the executive secretary, Washington, D. C., not later than September Address: "Peace Trends"-Anna Dill Gamble. 15.

Afternoon RAILROAD CERTIFICATES-If 150 certificates are filed, a re­ 2:30 P . M.-Reports of Committees. duction of 50 per cent on return fares can be secured. Your coopera­ tion in this matter is urgently requested. Be sure to secure a certificate Program devoted to National Catholic School of Social Service. (not a receipt) when purchasing your railroad ticket. Speakers: His Excellency, the Right Rev. Karl J. Alter, D.D., Secure your certificate going to Washington, no matter what your Bishop of Toledo; Rev. Francis .r. Haas, Ph.D.; and members plans are after the convention. of Alumnae. Tickets for the going journey may be purchased on any of the fol- Evening lowing dates (but not on any other date): 8:00 P. M.-Music. September 26-0ctober 2-0regon (via California). General Topic: "Social Justice." September 27-0ctober 3-California. "Interracial Justice, a Field of Catholic Action"-Rev. John September 28-0ctober 4-Arizona, British Columbia, Nevada, LaFarge, S.J. Northern Idaho, Oregon (except via California). "Opportuni~ies for Laywomen for Service Among American September 29-October 5-Montana, Southern Idaho, Utah, Colo­ Indians"-Rt. Rev. Msgr. William Hughes. rado (except Julesburg), Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas and . "Catholic Action in a Rural Diocese." Wyoming. October 1-6 incl.-From all points not otherwise specified. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1931 If the 150 certificates are filed, you will be entitled to a return ticket via the same route as the going journey, at one-half the normal fare, up Morning to and including October 10, 1931. 8:00 A. M.-Mass at St. Matthew's Church-In Thanksgiving. No refunds will be made by Railroad Companies to those who fail to 9:30 A.M.-Business Meeting. secure certificates. Reports of National Committees. Franciscan Study Club of Cleveland Reports Converts 11:30 A. M.-The Youth Movement. Discussion by ]:epre~entatives of organizations working with A REPORT of the activities of the Franciscan Study Club of Cleve- . Catholic Youth. land, Ohio, which has just reached headquarters is of particular Afternoon interest at this time, following so closely upon the national convention of the Third Order of St. Francis recently held in San Francisco. The 2:00 P. M.-Business Meeting. club is composed of young men and young women, many of whom are Evening non-Catholic, and has been in existence only a year. Two conversions have already resulted from the carefully planned study of the Catholic 7:00 P. M.-Banquet-Hotel Mayflower. religion. General Topic: Geo~ge Washington Bicentennial. A course in apologetics, by the Most Rev. M. Sheehan, D.D., was Addresses: "Catholic Participation in the Formation of Our followed by a study of the Holy Father's encyclical on "Marriage." Country." Rev. Francis R. Rochtman, O.F.M., director of the Third Order of St. "The Mother of Washington." Francis and pastor of St. Joseph's parish, is director of the club and "Catholic Women and the Demands of Om Heritage." opens the meeting with an explanation of the material to be studied. "The Response of Youth." A portion of each meeting is given to questions and discussion, the Benediction: His Excellency, the Most Reverend Pietro Fuma­ "Question Box" being a very popular featme. A social program is soni-Biondi, D.D. also provided which enables the members to become better acquainted. ------+------September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 23 Reports of Women's Meetings to be Heard by N. C. C. W. Convention REPORTS TO BE PRESENTED at the Eleventh Annual Conven- Mrs. A. S. Musant.e, member of the board of directors of the national tion of the National Council of Catholic Women will include ac­ council and president of the archdiocesan council, presided. Rev. counts of the many interesting meetings and conferences attended by Richard Gleeson, S.J., told of the campaign for funds for San Francisco officers and members of headquarters staff. However, a mere listing University. Splendid reports were given by the chairmen of special of those participated in during the past several weeks will be of interest committees. to members at this time. Miss Regan was guest of honor at a luncheon which preceded the The meeting of the Bureau of the International Union of Catholic business session. Women's Leagues, held in Warsaw, Poland, June 1 to 4, which was attended by Miss Mary G. Hawks, president of the National Council Enroute from San Francisco, to lecture at the Summer School of of Catholic Women and a member of the bureau of the Union, will be Catholic Action held at St. Louis University under the direction of treated thoroughly at the coming convention. A report of the meeting Rev. Daniel A. Lord, S.J., Miss Regan held conferences in the interest as well as an interpretation of the general program for united Catholic of the council in Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, Denver, Kansas City, Action will be given by Miss Hawks. Mo., St. Louis, East St. Louis, Chicago, Dubuque and Milwaukee. In addressing a special meeting of the San Francisco Archdiocesan Dr. Anne M. Nicholson, field representative of the National Council Council of Catholic Women in the Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, of Catholic Women, has returned to headquarters to aid in prepara­ August 15, Miss Agnes G. Regan, executive secretary of the National tions for the coming national convention following an extended tour Council of Catholic Women, pointed out the need and value () concerted of the West. It is impossible to give, in limited space, a comprehensive action among the Catholic Women of the United States and expressed idea of the vast number of meetings; large and small, at which she repre­ the' view that a Catholic renaissance has begun. Slie stressed the need sented the national council during what was termed a "vacation." for leadership and told of the splendid work accomplished by the young She spoke at the annual meetings of the San Francisco Archdiocesan women graduates of the National Catholic School of Social Service at Council and the Monterey-Fresno Diocesan Council, the quarterly Washington, D. C. meeting of the Santa Fe Archdiocesan Council, and attended smaller Legislative matters, both state and federal, the unemployment situ­ meetings in Los Angeles, Houston, San Antonio, El Paso, Natchez, ation and the many problems presented by it, were instanced by Miss St. Louis, and Cleveland. Dr. Nicholson brings to headquarters her Regan as some justifying study by the members of the council. She steadfast faith in the progress of the N. C. C. W.-her tribute to the de­ urged the attendance of as many Catholic women as possible at the na­ voted women whose faith, self-sacrifice, and inspired leadership are ti)nal convention to be held in Washington, in October. building the Council of Catholic Women throughout the country. -----+----- National Catholic School of Social Service Enters Its Second Decade SEPTEMBER 21 WILL SEE THE commencement of the eleventh have been awarded to first year students for 1931-32: Miss Adelaide year of the National Catholic School of Social Service, under its Murphy, St. Louis, Mo., graduate of Webster College, Webster Grove, new director, Rev. Francis J. Haas, Ph.D., and with the largest enrol­ Mo., awarded the Glennon cholarship given by the St. Louis Council ment in its history. Announcement of Dr. Haas' appointment was made of Catholic Women; Miss Margaret Ellen Whelan, Detroit, Mich., in last month's issue of the N. C. W. C. REVIEW. Marygrove College, Detroit, Mich., awarded the Scholarship given by The advance enrolment of the school has reached fifty-five students the Michigan State Circle, Daughters of Isabella; Miss Sylvia Batdorf~ and includes in the number three sisters-two from Canisius College, Berkeley, Calif., University of California, Berkeley, Calif., awarded the Buffalo, and one from Ursuline College, Cleveland-and three non­ Scholarship given by the California State Court, Catholic Daughters resident students, two of whom are non-Catholics. Twelve students are of America; Miss Helen Hynes, Cleveland, 0., Ursuline College, Cleve­ returning for their second year at the school. The geographical repre­ land, 0., awarded the Daly Scholarship given by Mrs. M. B. Daly, sentation in the 1931-32 student body is as follows: United States­ Cleveland. California, 6; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky Examinations for the award of scholarships given by the National 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 3; Missouri, 2; New York, 7; Ohio, 7; Circle, Daughters of Isabella, and the Pennsylvania State Court, Rhode Island, 1; Washington, D. C., 3; Wisconsin, 5. Foreign Countries Catholic Daughters of America, are being held as the N. C. W. C. -Austria, 1; China, 1; Guatemala, 1; Nova Scotia, 1; Philippine REVIEW goes to press. At the annual convention of the Daughters Islands, 1; Porto Rico, 4; Scandanavia, 1. ' of Isabella an additional scholarship to the N. C. S. S. S. from the Na­ As the result of competitive examinations the following scholarships tional Circle was voted. -----+----- Benson Study Club, Grand Rapids, Complete Four and a Half Years Loyola Guild, :M:iami, Fla., Affiliates With N. C. C. W. ORGANIZED in January, 1927, the Benson Study Club of Grand WITH the organization of a diocesan council in the St. Augustine Rapids, Michigan, has completed four and a half years of worth­ Diocese, a number of new organizations were formed in order that while endeavor. Among the subjects which the club has studied are: there might be local units in the various parishes to cooperate with the The Irish Free State; The Religious Situation in Mexico; The Holy diocesan body. An interesting letter has been received at headquarter Sacrifice of the Mass; American Democracy; the History of the Cath­ telling of the organization of the Loyola Guild at Miami. The writer olic Church; and the Life of Robert Hugh Benson. The outlines and sta tes: "The first official act of the organization was our affiliation with publications of the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the the National Council of Catholic Women." National Council of Catholic Women, have been Hsed advantageously N. C. C. W. Convention Speaker Aids Old Age Pension Bill in arranging the yearly program. An interesting echo of the Denver Convention is recorded in pl,tssage Through the Extension Committee, one of the club's standing com­ of an old age pension bill by the Denver Legislature. A letter received mittees, a second club in honor of "The Little Flower" was organized. at headquarters recently from a member of the Denver Council states This group is studying "The Mass and Catholic Action." that the address of William L. Coffey, manager, Milwaukee County Mrs. William C. Pfeiffer, president, writes that the members of both Institutions, 'who spoke on "Old Age Pensions" at the convention, was dubs are enthusiastic workers and most faithful in attendance. inval uable to the proponents. 24 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 Cardinal and Governor Address Meeting of Daughters of Isabella DDRESSING THE DAUGHTERS of Isabella at their Ninth After complimenting the organization on its splendid work in behalf Annual and Eighth Biennial Convention in Boston, July 15 of charity, Msgr. Roche said: "Your good example has brought unity, A to 18, His Eminence, William Cardinal O'Connell, Archbishop fraternity and true Christian charity wherever you exist." of Boston, held up to the delegates the ideal of true Catholic womanhood In his sermon at the Mass with which the convention opened,Rt. and warned against present-day indulgence in vices and fashions and Rev. Msgr. Michael J. Splaine reviewed the history of the organization the insatiable pursuit of pleasure. and gave a general survey of its activities in the fields of charity and "As Catholic women you have as your ideal of womanhood, the education. Referring to his listeners as "valiant women" to which the Blessed Mother of God," said His Eminence. "Upon that ideal Chris­ Holy Prophet in the Book of Proverbs referred, he exhorted them to tian womanhood is founded. The Church provides the most beautiful "set out courageously and confidently to meet and solve the grave exemplification or that ideal in the sisterhoods, with their lives of occu­ problems that confront you." "May you proceed prosperously, har­ pation and prayer, their wonderful heroism and their self-mortification. moniously and effectively," he continued, "and may the Daughters of "Women of the world are not called to that life of sacrifice. Yet they Isabella finally triumph and reign as valiant Catholic women, worthy have an ideal which they strive to realize in their homes-the ideal of to be called blessed by God among the children of men." true Catholic womanhood. . . . Your order is based on the Catholic Mrs. Boyd was reelected national regent for a third term. Other ideal of womanhood. Your aim is to do good, especially to your women officers are: Mrs. Carolyn B. Manning, New Bedford, nati~nal vice­ folk, your friends, relatives and neighbors. regent; Miss Mary F. Riley, New Haven, national secretary; Mrs. "It is remarkable what you have been able to do in a short time. Mary F. Davitt, Longmeadow, Mass., national treasurer; Mrs. Mary You have dispensed a million dollars for the benefit of the poor and for E. Booth, New Haven, past national regent; Miss Elizabeth 0. Moran, worthy causes. What a noble work that is! Ware, Mass., national advocate; Miss Mary C. Phelan: Fort Madison, "Your example is a steadying influence for the world. You are willing Iowa, national chancellor; Miss Helene Steffen, Milwaukee, national to forget yourselves for the moment to think of your obligations to monitor; Mrs. Nellie Conrad, Pittsburgh, Kansas, national outside God and to your neighbors. That is the reason your order is develop­ guard; Miss Gertrude A. Whitney, Covington, Ky., national inside ing so rapidly. Keep that ever before your minds. Stand for what guard; and Mrs. Marie Klotz, Fort Wayne, Mrs. Katherine Voll, St. you know is the true ideal of Christian womanhood." Louis, Mrs. Ellen Lemm, Chicago, and Mrs. Alice Bicksler, Washington, Over one thousand delegates and guests attended the formal banquet D. c., national directors. Rev. Henry J. Coleman of Beacon Falls, held Thursday evening, when the speakers included His Eminence, Conn., remains as national chaplain. Cardinal O'Connell, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Ambrose Roche, chaplain-general The convention voted the immediate erection of a memoriaJ to of the order in Massachusetts, Senator Marcus A. Coolidge, Governor Queen Isabella, patroness of the order, at a cost of not less than $100,000. .Joseph B. Ely, Mayor .James J. Curley, Supreme Director John E. The memorial will be erected in Washington, D. C. One additional Swift of the Knights of Columbus, State Deputy Joseph A. Kirby of the scholarship in the National Catholic School of Social S2rvice was voted Knights of Columbus and the Nati0nal Regent, Mrs. Minerva C. Boyd. hy the organizati')n. Thousands Attend Convention of Catholic Daughters of America "A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE Catholic Church, one that fun- D.D., Bishop of Newark, N. J.; Rt. Rev. Msgr. Be.mard A. McKenna, damentally differentiates it from humanly founded Christian director of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception which sects of recent centuries, is that it does not limit religion to the indi­ is being erected on the campus of the Catholic University of America; vidual's relations with Christ," said His Excellency, the Rt. Rev. Wil­ Rev. Francis P. Lyons, C.S.P., of Chicago, spiritual director of the liam Joseph Hafey, D.D.,· Bishop of Raleigh, in addressing the Four­ Converts' League of the Catholic Daughters of America; and John F. teenth Biennial Supreme International Convention of the Catholic O'Neill of Jersey City, N. J., a member of the supreme board of direc­ Daughters of America, held in Atlantic City, July 6-10, "On the prin­ tors of the Knights of Columbus. ciple that man is a social being, a member of society," continued the More than three thousand delegates and members were registered. Bishop, "it postulates religion as the salvation of society as well as of Reports submitted by the 45 state regents and those of Canada, Pana­ the individual. Hence, Catholic Action has an objective, besides .per­ ma, Cuba and Porto Rico revealed a large increase in the organization's sonal holiness-the purification, the elevation and sanctification of the membership since its last biennial convention. tate or the society in which men live their earthly days. Two pa.geants, one commemorating the 500th anniversary of the "The relationship between government and citizens, between em­ death of St. Joan of Arc and the other a /lC. D. of A. Junior Pageant," ployer and employee, between neighbor and neighbor, must be regu­ with a thousand or more young girls participating, were among the lated by principles of justice deriving their sanction from the Source of impressive features of the convention. Miss Mazie V. Scanlon, national all order and authority.... In our own America, Catholic Action, director of Juniors' Activities of the Catholic Daughters of America, in the wide domain of society, may well become its outstanding charac­ personally directed the second pageant. She also reported to the con­ teristic in the twentieth century.' . . . vention body a total of 212 chapters of juniors with a membership of "The future points to a Catholic Renaissance within the confines of 15,000. the lusty Republic of the West. Her growing and intensifying educa­ Another interesting feature of the meeting was the broadcasting over tional system from kindergarten to university, will lead the way. Cath­ a nationwide hook-up of the Monday evening program which included olic Action, the participation of the Catholic laity; under the leadership addresses by Bishop Hafey, Miss Mary C. Duffy, supreme regent of of the hierarchy and devoted religious, may well be the force under the organization, and John B. Kennedy, associate editor of Collier's. God to insure the new birth of society in America to Christian ideals All of the supreme officers were reelected. They include: Miss Mary of obedience to God and God's ,immutable laws, to fullest liberty of C. Duffy, South Orange, N. J., supreme regent; Mrs. Jennie B. Greene individual action without license, to sincere respect for civil authority, of Baltimore, Md., vice-supreme regent; Miss Katherine Rosney of to the high planes of culture and refinement where Christian fellowship Poughkeepsie, N. Y., national secretary; Mrs. Elizabeth Ahern of New is the bond of peace and the assurance of good-will, where 'charity may Haven, Conn., national treasurer; and Mrs. Leonore Z. Meder of Chi­ more and more abound in knowledge, and in all undertaking.' " cago, Ill., national councillor. Bishop Hafey was again asked to serve Bishop Hafey also addressed the delegates during a business session as national chaplain. of the convention emphasizing the need to offset the 'Imorally, socially Miss Duffy will head a pilgrimage of Catholic Daughters to the Inter­ and physically destructive" propaganda of birth control. national Eucharsitic Congress in Dublin, Ireland, next summer, and Other prominent speakers were the Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, will also visit Rome. I} September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIE'V 25 Monterey-Fresno Diocesan Council Holds -First Convention EVOTING THEIR BEST EFFORTS to the work of organi­ National Catholic Welfare Conference and at present professor of edu­ zation, the wo~en of the. Monterey-Fresno Diocese. have suc­ cation at St. Louis University, has long been acquainted with the work D ceeded in reaching practIcally every part of the dIocese dur­ of the council and is one of its most understanding friends. ing the first year of the existence of the organization. The reports given The election of officers, which was held the second day of the con­ at the recent annual convention of the group at Santa Cruz, June 18-20, vention, resulted as follows: Mrs. Clara Leonard, president; Mrs. J . indicated the untiring efforts of the individual members as well as of F. Cullom, Mrs. Fred Trine, Mrs. Anna Baker, Mrs. A. Brother, vice­ the leaders in the movement. presidents; Mrs. E. C. Trask, recording secretary; Mrs. W. W. Zabala, The large number of clergy in attendance at the sessions gave evi­ treasurer; and Mrs. Nell Leddy, auditor. dence of their approval and hearty support of the program of the council. Rev. John Harnett of East Bakersfield was the principal speaker at The convention opened with a solemn high Mass at Holy Cross the morning session, which was devoted to a discussion of the problems Church, Very Rev. Msgr. J. J. Crowley, chancellor of the diocese, of parent-teacher organizations in parochial schools. celebrant. Rev. P. J. McGrath of Santa Cruz, who preached the ser­ A luncheon at Big Basin Inn followed and in the evening a card mon, paid a glowing tribute to the work of the Na:tional Catholic Wel­ party in charge of the Watsonville women, was held to defray the cost fare Conference and the National Council of Catholic Women. He ex­ of the convention. pressed appreciation for the inauguration of the work in the Monterey­ Mrs. Angelo Coelho of Fresno, retiring president of the organization, Fresno Diocese and the hope that the women would continue their active gave an impressive talk at the installation of the new officers, which interest in and support of it. took place on the last day of the convention. Mrs. Coelho's work as Mrs. Clara Leonard of Santa Cruz greeted the delegates and visitnrs the first president of the diocesan council was highly commended by all. in behalf of the local women. Rev. Richard A. Gleeson, S.J., of San Francisco, was guest speaker The program of the National Council of Catholic Women was out­ at the luncheon which was in charge of the Salinias members of the lined by Dr. Anne M. Nicholson, field representative. She compli­ council. mented the women on the systematic way in which they had accom­ plished the organization of the council in their diocese. Dr. Nicholson The formation of study clubs and promotion of parental education gave several informal talks during the course of the convention. were advocated in the resolutions adopted by the convention. The luncheon program was in charge of the Hollister women and Mrs. The closing banquet, at which t,he Santa Cruz members were hostesses, William Lewis of that city acted as toastmistress. Because of the fact was a brilliant affair. Mrs. A. S. Musante of San Francisco, member of that the meeting was held in Santa Cruz, which means "Holy Cross," the board of directors of the National Council of Catholic Women, was Monsignor Crowley, who spoke at the luncheon, took as his subject the principal speaker. "At the foot of the Cross," tracing the important part played by The fact that three full days were allotted to the meeting is note­ women down through the centuries in the upholding of Christian prin­ worthy. This allowed ample time for discussion and careful considera­ ciples and Christian ideals. Msgr. Crowley, who is a brother of Dr. tion of the many problems confronting the organization, and might Francis Crowley, former director of the Bureau of Education of the well be emulated by similar groups.

Connecticut Council of Catholic Women Reviews Work of Year THE OUTSTANDING WORK accomplished by the committees "Girlology" was suggested and Mrs. McElroy and Miss Kelly were on Religious Education, Girls' Welfare, Study Clubs and Educa­ requested to confer as to a possible program. tion Problems, Immigration, International Relations, Industrial Prob­ During the afternoon session, Miss Boylan read a message from na­ lems, and Parent-Teacher Associations was discussed at round table tional headquarters which pointed out the achievements as well as the conferences which made up the program of the annual meeting of the problems and needs of the national organization. The importance of Connecticut Council of Catholic Women, held at Lakeville Manor, the increasing organization memberships in order to adequately support vacation house of the Council in the beautiful Berkshire Hills, June 28 the national program, which includes maintenance of the National to 30. Catholic School of Social Service, was stressed. Miss Maud Bailey of The Committee on a Permanent Scholarship in the National Cath­ Thomaston, Connecticut, present holder of the Connecticut Council olic School of Social Service, under the chairmanship of Mrs. Herbert scholarship in the National Catholic School of Social Service gave an F. Fisher was in charge of the program for the luncheon on Monday. interesting description of the school and of her year of study there. On Tuesday "Institutional Visiting" was discussed by representatives Miss Bailey was also in charge of a literature table at the conference, of the local councils led hy Mrs. George B. Newton, chairman of this having made a study of pamphlets displayed prior to the conference committee. in order that she might be conversant with the contents of each. Rev. Matthew J. Judge, diocesan director of charities, opened the In the absence of Miss Mary P. O'Flaherty, state-wide chairman on conference with a short talk on the modern need of spiritual training. Education and Legislatio~, Miss Anne F. Gilligan presided at the ses­ The session devoted to religious education was in charge of Miss sion which was given chiefly to discussion and report of study club ac­ Jane Dargan, LL.D., state-wide chairman, who explained the project tivities. The encyclical of Pope Pius XI on "Christian Marriage" was of religious vacation schools, the aim of which is to provide instruction reviewed by Mrs. Thomas Horrigan. Notable among the reports were in religion to children in rural or congested city districts. Miss Kather­ those of the Calvert Club of Norwalk and the Meriden Study Club. ine Kenney, Miss Anne Wiedekor and Miss Mary V. Bolton outlined the plans for their respective districts. Miss Marguerite T. Boylan, The work of education among the immigrants was described by Miss chairman of the Connecticut Council of Catholic Women, reviewed the Marguerite Hennessey of the Bureau of Adult Education, Hartford. accomplishrrlents of the various local councils in the field of religious The program of investigation and follow-up of newly arrived Catholic education. immigrants as carried on by the Bureau of Immigration of the National Various problems of girls work including Scouting, Big Sister and Catholic Welfare Conference was explained by Miss Boylan, no chair-. other community groups were discussed at the session in charge of Mrs. man having been appointed for this committee. Joseph McElroy. Mrs. John Toomey, Mrs. George Heroux, Mrs. George The recent meeting of the Connecticut Conference on International Sokel, Miss Maud Baily and Miss Margaret Kelly discussed the work Relations was reported by Mrs. Witter K. Tingly who presided at the being done in the communities which they represented. A course in round table on International Relations in the absence of Mrs. Howard 26 N. C. W. C. RE\TIE'V September, 1931

E. Critchfield, state chairman. The formation of study clubs· on inter­ The need for parent-teacher associations in connection with the paj national relations was discussed and it was voted that a summary of rochial schools throughout the state was stressed at the session devoted the suggestions resulting from the discussion be sent local councils to to that work. Mrs. Michael J. Morrissey, chairman, described the plan assist in preparation of study club programs. of organization and expressed her willingness to address meetings of The problems of women in industry were discussed and the formation local councils, giving them the benefit of her experience in this field. of study clubs in connection with the study of these problems was In her closing address, Miss Boylan commended the splendid work of urged dUTing the session devoted to industrial problems. Prominent the loc~l councils on which, she said, the national organization rests among those taking part in the program were Miss Alicia Fitzgerald, as a building does upon its foundation. She urged that the suggestions Miss Agnes Fitzpatrick, Miss Mary Hennessey, Miss Nora O'Brien, gleaned from the conference be employed in the work throughout the and Miss Boylan, who presided. state. -----+----- Idaho Council of Catholic . Women Holds Twelfth Meeting A PPROXIMATELY 100 DELEGATES representing the 22 units mel; Civics, l'vIrs. F. Daley; Orphanage, Mrs. Gieseker; Education, of the Idaho Council of Catholic Women attended the' 12th lVII'S. C. W. Hickman. Annual Convention of the Idaho Council which was held in Nampa, Mrs. Hummel's report included a recommendation that an effort be June 9 and 10. made in the next state legislature to secure support for Indians at Rev. J. P. Ries, of Nampa, preached the sermon at the solemn high the Slickpoo orphanage near Lewiston. Mass with which the convention opened. The address of His Excellency, the Right Reverend Edward Joseph The regular business session which followed included the address of Kelly, D.D., Bishop of Boise, was the outstanding feature of the second the president, Mrs. E. O. Hibbard, of Lewiston. She expressed her day of the convention. It is to be regretted th-n,t a copy of his inspiring appreciation of the splendid cooperation of the various units during the talk is not available. His Lordship complimented the women on the past year and urged their active interest in the progress of the organiza­ splendid efforts they have put forth in behalf of the council and urged tion in order that Idaho might take its part in the world-wide program their continued interest in its fmther development. for united Catholic Action. Ml·s. Harry A. LaBerge of Yakima, Washington, member of the board Opposition to birth control legislation and to any modification of of directors of the National Council of Catholic Women, gave a very the divorce laws was voted at the closing session. interesting and informative address. She urged care in organization Election of officers resulted as follows: Mrs. Hubbard, re-elected ,,,ith a view to presenting a solid opposition to 'unfavorable trends in president; Mrs. George Kellogg, Mrs. S. E. Ragan, Mrs. Henry Stewart, legislation or social welfare. Mrs. F. B. Costello, and Mrs. James Foley, vice-presidents; Mrs. C. The reports of standing committees and their chairmen incl uded: J. O'Neil, financial secretary; Mrs. E. J. Anderson, recording secretary; Americanization, Mrs. J. R. Middleton; Legislation, Mrs. F. C. Hum- Mrs. R. J. McCabe, treasurer; and Mrs. J. C. Hamilton, auditor.

-----~----- Cincinnati Federation's Annual Conference Hears Archbishop A NOTE OF SADNESS WAS added to the annual conference of "The Committee that I am suggesting to study the question of the Cincinnati Archdiocesan Federation by the departure of the taxes should seek the best possible adviee in our community. There Rt. Rev. Msgr. Urban J. Vehr, D.D., who hlrS been the spiritual director are legal counsellors in our city and diocese who can and who will be of the federation since its organization and who was recently appointed anxious to be helpful. Economists who have studied profoundly Chris­ Bishop of the Diocese of Denver. In addressing the meeting, His Ex­ tian principles will advise. Moralists can likewise pass judgment on cellency, the Most Reverend John T. McNicholas, D.D., Archbishop conclusions before they are published. Such a study will be invaluable of Cincinnati, said: "I know it is with great regret that you bid faJ'ewell to you as citizens, to all the Catholic women of the archdiocese and to Bishop Vehr. We must remind him that however absorbed he is likewise to thoughtful citizens who appreciate the dangers we are ap­ in his new duties he cannot forget old friends nor break absol utely all proaching. " the old ties. We hope, by some mathematical process, it can be proved Bishop-elect Vehr was celebrant at the Mass at St. Francis de Sales that the distance from Denver to Cincinnati is less than that from Cin­ Church which officially opened the meeting, and gave his parting mes­ cinnati to Denver." sage. A brief resume of the year's work was given by Mrs. R. ·K. In announcing the appointment of His Excellency, the Right Rev­ LeBlond, president, and the executive secretary, Mrs. John E. Westen­ erend Joseph H. Albers, D.D., Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati, as dorf, reported fully the activities for that period. Regional chairmen spiritual director of the federation, to succeed Bishop Vehr, the Arch­ called upon to present reports were: Miss Cecelia Hellmuth of Chilli­ bishop urged the cooperation of every member of the organization. cothe; Mrs. John Westendorf of Dayton; Mrs. John A Wulftange, "Already tens of thousands of women are united in your federation," Hamilton; Ml's. Katherine D. Gebhardt, Marion; Mrs. Bryan Sharkey, he said. "The archdiocese makes you the medium of uniting all Cath­ Middletown; Mrs. George Fischer, Piqua; Mrs. Alice Costolo, Sidney; olic women within it. ' You are to be the organization to which all and Miss Mary Gore, Springfield. Other reports were given by Miss societies shall turn for guidance in Catholic Action." He urged the Sara Grogan on Legislation; Mrs. Henry Fletcher Kenney, treasurer study of the documents of the Holy See on Catholic Action and stated of the organization; and Miss Mary Walsh, auditor. that Bishop Albers would appoint one of the professors of the seminary to explain the principles of Catholic Action and interpret papal pro­ The guest speaker, the Very Reverend Monsignor Francis J. Macel­ nouncements. wane, superintendent of schools in the Toledo Diocese, spoke on "The The duty of every Catholic woman to exercise the right of franchise Mission of the Modern Catholic Woman." and the need for thorough study of the tax question were pointed out In point of interest, attendance and enthusiasm, despite a very torrid by the Archbishop. He expressed the wish that a committee be ap­ day, the conference was a most successful one. The national conven­ pointed to study the question of taxes as it applies to the poot and tion in Washington in October was announced and all were invited and laboring classes, and said: urged to attend. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 27 Mid-Year Conference of Arizona Council of Catholic Women Held OPENING WITH MASS at the Church of the Nativity and closing concept of the diocesan council-this is. my concept of the national with a banquet at which His Excellency, Rt. Rev. Daniel J. council, and after having read the various promulgations of our Holy Gercke, Bishop of Tucson, was the principal speaker, the mid-year Father, and after having perused the speeches of various bishops, and conference of the Arizona Council of Catholic Women was held at after having studied the reports of various diocesan conventions, I can Flagsta.ff, June 10. Meetings were held in St. Anthony Hall with Mrs. come to no other conclusion. Officers and members alike must get this R. E. Moore, state president, and Mrs. Agnes Pouthie, president of concept and make it their practical guide. If on the other hand, the the Northern Arizona Deanery, presiding. Representatives from the official personnel of the organization appreciates this concept of the four Arizona deaneries-Phoenix, Tucson, Globe and Flagstaff, were diocesan council, and leaves the internal conduct of the individual in attendance. constituent organizations to duly elected officers of the constituent or­ Following the reports of officers and chairmen of special committees, ganizations, peace and harmony will prevail, Catholic Action will go Bishop Gercke addressed the delegates briefly, asking their continued forward, the will of the Holy Father will be attained, the Catholic interest and cooperation in the growing program of the council. Church will spread, God's glory will be achieved in Arizona as else­ Rev. Joseph A. Vaughan, in a very masterful address on "Coopera­ where." tion and Enthusiasm," defined "cooperation" as the relation between Other prominent speakers were: Rev. Edward Albouy of Flagstaff, activities that promote the same result, or the "merging and COOl'dina­ Rev. Hootsman of Kingman; Rev. F. Martin of Phoenix, Dr. C. W. tion of activities of two or more individual organizations toward the Sult of Phoenix, E. A. McNamara of Flagstaff, Mrs. Jack Butler of achievement of a desirable object otherwise impossible." He explained Williams, Mrs. Gr~dy Gammage of Flagstaff and Mrs. P. J. Linde­ at length the purpose of the diocesan council in bringing together all mann of Flagstaff. of the existing organizations of Catholic women in the diocese without More than one hundred attended the banquet at Hotel Monte effecting the autonomy or identity of any. This diocesan organization Vista. Mr". Moore presided and Mrs. Pouthie was toastmistress. exists and is physically cOJ:1Stituted by the individual organizations that go to make it up," he said. "Each of these retains its separate identity, and all of them bound together constitute the diocesan council. The year book of the Arizona Council of Catholic Women, a copy Apart from then the council is inconceivable; if these separate units of which has been received at headquarters, gives a very comprehensive melt away the council by the very fact will cease to exist. This is my summary of the activities of this council since its organization.

.----~----- EI Paso Diocesan Council Holds Varied Addresses Feature Sante Fe Quarterly Meeting Archdiocesan Gathering RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOLS, parent-teacher associations DELEGATES FROM CLAYTON, Clovis, Las Vegas, Belen, Cer- for parochial schools, and study clubs, and a social gathering, rillos, Santa Fe and Albuquerque and many visitors from Colo­ rado and Oklahoma were in attendance at the quarterly meeting of the made up the program at the quarterly meeting of th~ El Paso Diocesan Council of Catholic Women held at Carlsbad, New Mexico, recently. Santa Fe Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women held in Albu­ querque, July 25. Under the title of "Catholic Women-the torchbearers of Civili­ Miss Clara Berchtold, president of the Archdiocesan Council, ex­ zation," Mrs. W. L. Brown, diocesan president, traced the origin and tended greetings to the delegates and visitors and reports were presented. history of the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the National Pointing out the need of leaders among our Catholic women, Rev. Council of Catholic Women. "Our beloved Bishop Schuler has expres­ Thomas H. Bortell, S. J., gave an inspiring and informative talk urging sed a sincere wish that our diocesan council devote itself to the work of his hearers to take an active part in the program of the council. He Catholic education as one of its chief activities," she said. "The Holy outlined many ways in which the women might make their influence Father in his encyclical of 1929 stresses the need of concentration on felt in OUT national life, emphasizing the value of the press and stressing this subject, especially by the Catholic parentI and in his latest ency­ the adoption of resolutions as one of the most effective methods of put­ clical again commands attention to this subject by all Catholic lay ting before the world at large the Catholic position on vital questions organizations. The prevalence of atheism and the fact that many of of the day. our modern universities are turning out hundreds of youthful unbe­ Over one hundred attended the luncheon which followed. Dr. Anne lievers annually, must stimulate us to our obligation to support Catholic M. Nicholson, field representative of the National Council of Catholic institutions of learning, to organize Catholic parent-teacher associa­ Women, outlined the work of the national organization. She extended tions. Youthful suicide statistics, houses of correction filled to over­ an urgent invitation to all to attend the national convention in Wash­ flowing-all bring home the facts that we must face if we are to be real ington in October. torchbearers of our d3Y." Francis E. Wood, prominent attorney of Albuquerque, spoke at the The success of the religious vacation school work under the chair­ afternoon session calling attention to the duty of every Catholic to manship of Mrs. C. E. Kelly, the value of the study club program, the assume his or her responsibility in upholding the doctrines taught by need for dissemination of Catholic literature, and legislation of interest the Church and in being thoroughly conversant with its teachings. to Catholic women, were touched upon in Mrs. Brown's splendid talk. "The Retreat Movement" was the subject of a very interesting talk "Like the torchbearers that we know Catholic womanhood to be," she by Rev. J. J. Wallace. As a result, the archdiocesan president appointed said in closing, "let us stand on the mountain top bathed in the light of a committee on retreats to include a member from each district whose certainty of a true faith whilst a troubled doubting world looks hope­ duty it would be to study the movement and be responsible for its in­ fully towards us for guidance and Christian courage." auguration in her respective district. The early part of the afternoon was given to open discussion of the A comprehensive review of the purposes and work of the catechists projects in which the council is interested, after which an illustrated was given by one of four catechists who attended the sessions. The Jecture on "The History of the Missions in the Southwest" was given need for a community center in Cerrillos, which is a mining community, by Miss Emma Giddings. The visitors were entertained in the evening was brought to the attention of the group and it was reported that one by St. Edward's Altar Society. In addition to Mrs. Brown, the officers half of the fund necessary for the establishmeut of such a center had been in attendance were: Mrs. Dan Burns, vice-president; Mrs. W. A. Welsh, secured. The members of the council present resolved to direct atten­ secretary; and Mrs. Hugo Briesh, treasurE}r. The next meeting will be tion to the needs of this very worthwhile work and to cooperate as fully held in EI Paso in October. as possible in the program for its development. -----~----- 28 N. C. W. C. REVIEW Septembel', 1931

O~tline Aids Study of Encyclical on Industrial Problems N A PERIOD OF UNIVERSAL economic depression that involves moral and social issues of transcendent importance, the Encyclical of Pope Pius XI, "Forty Years After-Reconstructing the Social Order," offers I a pertinent and practical subject for study by groups of Catholic men and women. To facilitate such study-and this in response to many calls for information concerning the encyclical-the Study Club Committee of the National Catholic Welfare Conference has prepared the outline presented on this and the following page. In addition to this outline the Social Action Department of the N. C. W. C. is sending to the Catholic press a series of expositions of certain aspects of the encyclical-the new socia.l order, key quotations, the living wage, wages, unemployment, labor unions, occupational organizations, government, labor legislation, economic dictator­ ship, the dispossessed, the ruin of souls, social charity, etc. These are available in mimeographed form.

Text-THE ENCYCLICAL OF PIUS XI, "FORTY YEARS AFTER-RE­ questions. Aim of moral law. CONSTRUCTING THE SOCIAL ORDER" (Paging follows National ·Catholic B. Ownership is both individual and social. Purpose of ownership. Welfare Conference edition). Each 'member should carefully read the Danger of denying or lessening twofold character. Distinction whole encyclical at the very beginning. The summary. of it, N. C. W. C. between ownership itself and its duties. Function of government REVIEW, June, 1931, obtainable in reprints, is also helpful. relating to duties of owners. Various kinds of ownership. Need Subordinate texts-Pope Leo's ENCYCLICAL ON THE CONDITION OF of government regulation of ownership. Duty of almsgiving. LABOR (RERUM NOVARUM), the BISHOPS' PROGRAM OF SOCIAL RECON­ And unemployment. Titles of ownership. STRUCTION and the INDUSTRIAL QUESTION AND THE BISHOPS' PASTORAL Papers LETTER. . These subordinate texts along with Pope Pius' encyclical and three 1. A Review of Chapter V on "Property" in Bede Jarrett's Social Theories of the Middle Ages (Little, Brown and Co., Boston); or other pamphlets from the HALF-INCH LABOR BOOK SHELF-N. C. W. C. Headqua1·ters. (Price 50c). Dr. John A. Ryan's A Christian Doctrine of Property, (in Half­ Inch Labor Book Shelf). 2. Public Works and Unemployment. (Dr. John A. Ryan's Unem­ I. INTRODUCTION. WORK OF CHURCH (to p. 9) ployment-What Can Be Done About It?-N. C. W. C.) Discussion Topics A. Labor problem as problem in human solidarity. Formation of the IV. LABOR (pp. 18-22) problem. Attitude of the two classes. Attitude of Catholics. Source of encyclical "Condition of Labor." Its double recep­ Discussion Topics tion. Occasion of present encyclical. Parts of present encyclical. A. Importance of labor. Cooperation of work and resources of nature. B. As examples of Catholic work in the United States have members Meaning of capital and labor. of the group report briefly on as many of these subjects as possi­ B. Right of neither capital nor labor to all the profits. Taking by ble: The N. C. W. C. Social Action Department; the Industrial capital of excessive amounts. Claim made for labor of all but Committee, National Council of Catholic Women; the Catholic repair and replacement money. . Conference on Industrial Problems; the Central Bureau of the C. Naturalness and importance of ownership. Yet not every kind of Central Verein; Catholics in the iabor movement; the Bishops' distribution of ownership serves the purpose of prosperity. Dis­ Program of Social Reconstruction; The Labor Problem and the tribution of wealth for the common good. Distribution of profits. Bishops' Pastoral Letter; the second part of "Catholics and Evil of excessive wealth and poverty. the Labor Problem" (in Official Catholic Year Book (P. J. Kenedy D. Growth of proletariat. Difference between proletariat and pauper. & Sons, New York), reprints available at N. C. W. C.); the Propertyless masses and wealthy few prove inequitable distri­ Catholic press's consideration of the labor problem; Catholic bution of great returns of industrial system. Wage-earner owner­ books on the labor problem; or a similar topic of local interest. ship. One way of obtaining it. Papers II. GOVERNMENT AND PARTIES CONCERNED (pp. 9-13) 1. Wage earner ownership as advocated in the Bishops' Program of Discussion Topics Social Reconstruction and the Industrial Question and the Bishops' A. Government-Idea of Liberalism. "Condition of Labor"-and gov­ Pastoral Letter. ernment action; and individual freedom. Argument for Labor 2. Distribution of Wealth in the United States. (Write N. C. W. C. legislation. Effect of encyclical upon labor legislation. Social Action Department for references). B. Parties Concerned-"Condition of Labor" and unions. Situation at that time. Effect of encyclical. Christian unions. Condi­ V. WAGES (pp. 22-25) tions for "neutral" unions. American situation in this matter. Discussion Topics Religious and moral training. Farmers', etc., organizations. Employers' associations. A. Wage-worker-ownership and a just wage. Working for others not Papers essentially unjust. Advisability of partnership. B. Wage justice not decided by one rule. Labor both individual and 1. The Program of Labor Legislation in the Bishops' Program of Social social. Family living wage. Social justice and reforms to make Reconstruction. (Half-Inch Labor Book Shelf). living wage universal. Ability to pay and the living wage. 2. An account of a labor union in your locality. Ability to pay and managerial inefficiency. Ability to pay and 3. An account of an employers' association in your locality. outside injustices. Ability to pay and cooperation with em­ ployers by labor and action of government. Ability to pay and III. FUNCTION OF CHURCH. OWNERSHIP (pp. 14-18) continuance of the business. Discontinuance of business and Discussion . Topics provision for workers. A. Double reason for present encyclical. Function of Church in the C. Unemployment. Social justice and unemployment. Wage scale economic sphere. Distinction between moral and technical and unemployment. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 29

D. Harmony among different wages and different prices. Welfare of mitting conditions which lead to communism. each and 'all. Purpose of material welfare. B. Socialism-Changing from class hatred to cooperation. Also from abolition of private ownership to abolition of financial dictator­ Papers ship. Changing further in these respects may mean a Socialist 1. Review of Democratic Industry by Rev. Joseph C. Husslein, S.J. program identical with Catholic program. Public ownership (P. J. Kenedy and Sons, New York). of some industries and Catholic program. 2. An account of what the Bishops' Program of Social Reconstr'uction C. Socialism and Catholicism. Advocate whole Catholic program. says on wages. Contrast between the two on nature of societYi-on purpose of 3. An account of Rev. R. A. McGowan's A Study of Unemployment material goods;-on human dignity i-on compulsion;-on liberty (N. C. W. C.) and authority. D. Socialist culture. Contrast with Catholic culture and education. VI. RECONSTRUCTING THE SOCIAL ORDER (pp. 25, 26-29 and 31) E. Catholics who have become Socialists. Some convinced Socialists. Discussion Topics Some not so. F. Charge of Catholic favor to rich. Actual Catholic oppressors. A. Liberalism and destruction of guilds in an organic society. Indi­ Their giving Church a bad name. The facts. Appeal. vidual and government. Burdened governments. B. Occupational Organization-Meaning. Sound social life requiring Papers multitude of organizations to perform special functions. Gov­ 1. A Review of The Last Stand by Rev. Edmund A. Walsh, S.J. ernment in relation to these. (Little, Brown and Co., Boston). C. Occupational Organization and Class Conjt.ict-Meaning of class 2. A Review of Chapter XXII of Rev. John A. Ryan's Declininq conflict. Occupational organization and class conflict. N atural­ L1berty (Macmillan, New York). ness of occupation~l organization. Solidarity of society through linked occupational organizations. Occupational organization IX. RUIN OF SOULS (pp. 40-44) and the separate organization of labor and employers. Right of association. Discussion Topics D. Economic Order Through Occupational Organization-Failure of A. Necessity of moral and spiritual renewal for social reconstruction. unlimited competition to bring economic order. Impossibility Original sin, greed, preference for earthly goods is ultimate' of present financial dictatorship doing so. Social justice and source of evil. Eponomic uncertainty magnifies present evil.. charity, the soul of economic life. Government help toward Engrossed in money. Speculation. Corporation abuses. Un­ this. International pacts. Comparison with Mystical Body of known owners and directors and limited legal liability. Arous­ Christ. ing of passions. E. Reform of morals. Guild failure through decline of morals. B. Rationalisitic economics. Selfishness. Imitation of "successful.n Papers . Labor's acceptance of same code. Moral effects of oppression. Degradation of work. 1. Steps toward the occupational organization of (for example) the C. Necessity of return to Gospel for social reconstruction. Subordina­ building indllstry in your city, or the railroad industry nation­ tion of material goods and work. No reflection upon wOl'k or ally. (For references, etc., write the N. C. W. C. Social Action increase of fortune. But the source of right distribution and use' Department.) of goods and work. D. Will destroy selfishness. Role of charity. Union of minds and VII. PRESENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM (pp. 31-33) hearts. Principle of stability. Source of social reconstruction. Discussion Topics Papers A. Capital owners and workers being different persons not of its na­ 1. A Review of Chaps. IV and XI-The Labor Problem in the Half­ ture unjust. Unjust through its effects. Inch Labor Book Shelf. B. Owners domineer for own advantage. Regardless of dignity of 2. The Role of Charity in the Encyclical Forty Years After-Recon­ workers, social character of economic life, etc. System not sole structing the Social Order. one, e.g., working farm owners. Yet worldwide e}.1;ension of capitalism. Effort on others not in the system. X. CATHOLIC ACTION (pp. 44-48, p. 12, pp. 30-31) C. Concentration of power even greater than concentration of wealth. Control through control of credit. Normal result of free com­ Discussion of Topics petition. A. Extension of faith. Charity. Emphasis upon eternal salvation D. Threefold Struggle-For economic dictatorship. For control of and social reconstruction. Labor leaders. Social study. government. Between states through economic nationalism and B. Social study and organization in countries where economic organi­ economic power in international disputes. zations are not Catholic (p. 12). Function of Catholic Action E. Desire to dominate. Cruelty of economic life. Enslavement of in relation to whole program (pp. 30-31). governments. C. Lay Apostolate. Priesthood and 'social question. Lay retreats. Papers Danger to souls. 1. A Revie v of Simon A. Baldus' The New Capital1:sm, Part I (The D. Training of people in Catholic social teaching. Unity of effort. O'Donnell Press, Chicago). 2. A Review of The Labor Problem, Section I, in the Half-Inch Labor Papers Book Shelf. 1. What a Catholic Workingman (or woman) Should Do To Recon­ 3. A Review of Rev. Patrick Casey's The Distributive State (Kaufer ' struct the Social Order. Co., Seattle). 2. What a Catholic Employer Should Do To Reconstruct the Sociall Order. VIII. SOCIALI. M AND COMMU ISM (pp. 34-40) 3. What a Catholic Professional Man (or woman) Should Do To Re­ construct the Social Order. Disc'U.ssion Topics A. Communism-Class conflict. Abolition of private ownership. Evil (Each paper would be a summary of methods to be followed to make the of methods. Enmity to religion. Its danger. Danger of per- program effective in the United ~tate's.) -----+----- 30 N. C. W. C. REVIEW September, 1931 Child to Preoccupy Rural Life Conference Meeting In Wichita, Kansas ERHAPS AT NO 1'1 ME IN THE nine years of its existence has "Teaching Religion by Correspondence," by the Right Reverend Vic­ the Catholic Rural Life Conference found a more appropriate tor Day, V.G., diocesan director, Propagation of the Faith, Helena. P setting for its conference than this year, when it meets in Kansas, Montana, and the Reverend George M. Nell, director, Co-op Parish a state where rural life may be considered from all angles and where · Activities Service, Effingham, Illinois. Catholic rural life has great opportunity for development. The general session on the second day of the conference will deal Reverend W. Howard Bishop, the president of the conference, states with "Parent Education." The training of the pre-school child in the that there is much interest in this forthco.ming conference. He antici­ home will be emphasized. Authorities in the field will present such pates a large attendance from the clergy and lay group. topics as ('The Pre-School Child and the Normal Home," "The Re­ A casual study of the program as announced by the president re­ ligious Training of the Pre-School Child," "The Health of the Pre­ veals that the subjects under discllssion are not all technical subjects· School Child," and "The Psychology of the Pre-.'3chool Child." but are those which cover a wide range, dealing with all that makes for One speaker not heretofore announced who will find a hearty wel­ the building, conservation and development of the rural home-the come at the conference will be the Hon. Francis J. Sheed, master of the relation of the home to education, to character building, to community Westminster Catholic Evidence Guild, London, England, who will life, to citizenship. It is no surprise then that a further announcement speak at the sectional meeting on "Rural Religious Misunderstandings." comes that Catholic women and leaders of child welfare will come in large numbers to this conference from the neighboring dioceses to learn Reverend Edgar Schmiedeler, O.S.B., the new director of the Rural how best to promote a healthy life for children in the rural districts Life Bureau of the Social Action Department of the N ationaI Catholic and to assist in the upbuilding of the farm home. Welfare Conference, successor to the Right Reverend Edwin V. 0' Rara, The first general session of the conference will be devoted to a con­ Bishop of Great Falls, will participate in the program of the conference. sideration of "Catholic Rural EducatiQn." Father Leon A. McNeill, This will be his first appearance in the capacity of director of the Rural superintendent of schools of the Diocese of Wichita, who will preside, Life Bureau. has arranged the following program for this session: "The Rural School Father Leon A. McNeill, of Wichita, Kans!l.S, is in charge of local Curriculum," by Reverend Felix N. Pitt, M.A., secretary of the school arrangements and is being assisted by the Social Action Committee of board, Diocese of Louisville, Kentucky; "Library Service in the Rural the Knights of Columbus and the Social Action Committee of the Cath­ Communities," by Carl H. Milam, executive secretary, American olic women of Wichita. Library Association; "The Pittsburgh Missionary Confraternity of The Rural Life Conference opens on Tuesday, October 20, and close Christian Doctrine," by Reverend Paul E. Campbell, A.M., Litt.D., on Thursday, the 22nd. The entire program will be published in the LL.D., superintendent of parish schools, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and October number of the N. C. W. C. REVIEW.

Negro in Industry Theme at Catholic Meeting Conference of Catholic Charities to Meet A CONFERENCE on the Negro in Industry will be held in St. WITH THE CELEBRATION of a Pontifical High _Mass at St. Louis on September 5 under the joint auspices of the Inter-racial Mary'S Church by the Right Reverend Thomas C. O'Reilly, Committee of the Federated Colored Catholics of America and the Bishop of Scranton, the National Conference of Catholic Charities Social Action Department of the National Catholic Welfare Conference. will open its seventeenth annual meeting at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., on This conference, held annually, precedes the convention of the Fed­ Sunday, September 27. erated Catholics and has come to be looked upon as an important The conference program covers the timely topics of the day so vital feature of their annual meeting. Previous meetings have been held to the interests of Catholic welfare. The present relief situation will under the same auspices in Cincinnati, Baltimore, and Detroit. be discussed, to learn what Catholic organizations are doing and how well they are meeting the opportunities it presents. The program on this occasion holds much of interest for the dele­ There is a special effort to shape the entire Catholic Charities pro­ gates and for all persons interested in social justice and in the solution gram along the lines of Catholic Social Action presented in the Holy of industrial problems, particularly as they affect the Negro. Father's recent Encyclical, "Forty Years After." Two whole meetings Dr. Thomas W. Turner, president of the Federated Colored Cath­ are given over to discussion of the Encyclical. olics, will open the conference. The first address will be by the Rev. Special interest is shown in mental hygiene as a factor in American Francis J. Gilligan, S.T.D., of St. Paul Seminary, St. Paul, Minn., on social work, particularly in the work with children who come to-the "The Teaching of the Encyclical." James A. Jackson of the United child guidance clinics. The ethical aspects of mental hygiene will re­ States Department · of Commerce,' Washington, D. C., will deliver an ceive special consideration at this meeting of the Conference. address on "Industrial Education as a Basis for Commercial Progress." The functions of the parish and parochial school in a Catholic pro­ John T. Clark, secretary of the St. Louis Urban League, St. Louis, Mis­ gram for the prevention of juvenile delinquency and a program of cor­ souri, has as his subject "The Economic Status of the Negro." "The rective treatment of the delinquent will interest several meetings. The Wages of the American Negro" will be discussed by Donald Marshall, conference has placed special emphasis on the religious approach this director, Personnel Division, Ford Plant, Detroit, Michigan. "The year. This extends itself into the work of adult delinquents with a Parish Credit Union as an Aid to the Worker" will be handled by W. F . special session for the chaplains of penal institutions. It is hoped to Rohman, an authority on credit unions and treasurer of St. Andrew's develop the content of an adequate program to be followed in the care Credit Union, St. Louis, Missouri. Rev. Joseph Husslein, S.J., will of delinquents. act as chairman at the afternoon session. The work of lay organizations will be represented at a meeting at The evening session, presided over by the Rev. John J. LaFarge, which several papers on the growth of women's organizations, their s'J., will be addressed by the Rev. R. A. McGowan, assistant director changing programs, the change from the old order to the new where of the Social Action Department of the National Catholic Welfare Con­ their work must be divided with the professional worker, and their ference, Washington, D. C., whose subject will be "Social Reconstruc­ new interests, will be read and discussed. tion and the Encyclical." The two days preceding the conference will be given over to meetings Rev. William J. Markoe; S.J., pastor of St. Elizabeth's colored of the diocesan directors of charity, the t. Vincent de Paul Roriety, and church in St. Louis, is in charge of the local arrangements. the conference of religious. September, 1931 N. C. W. C. REVIEW 31 Regional Meetings of Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems Scheduled THE CATHOLIC CONFERENCE on Industrial Problems has consecutive year Denver will hold its annual regional meeting in May. announced a very auspicious program for the remaining months of Fom other conferences are being planned-two in the New England 1931 and the first half of 1932. According to the secretary, Reverend States and two in the Middle West. R. A. McGowan, the conference this year will continue the plan of hold­ Much of the effort of the conference this year will be directed toward ing regional meetings and will meet, wherever possible, with other or­ making known the Quadmgesimo Anno Encyclical and spreading the ganizations, a custom already established in connection with the Fed­ Catholic .teaching which that pre-eminent document so strikingly erated Colored Catholics of the United States, with which group it is emphasizes. to hold a one day conference on The Negro in Industry, September 5, "With continued emphasis placed upon the principles of the Rerum in St. Louis. NovaTum Encyclical and the stimulating inspiration of Quadmgesimo A second meeting of the Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems Anno," said Dr. J. E. Hagerty, the president of the conference, "we which promises much of interest will be held in Rochester, T ew York, have faith that the Catholic Conference on Industrial Problem has on October 14 under the auspices of His Excellency, Right Reverend great opportunity for progress and effective work." .T. F. O'Hern, Bishop of Rochester, and the National Council of Cath­ DlU'ing the past year Dr. Hagerty appointed a committee of three, olic Men. A half day session of the conference is scheduled for Wichita, made up of one representative of labor, Leo E. Keller, stati tician, Kansas, October 21, in conj unction with the meeting of the Catholic Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes, Detroit; one repre­ R ural Life Conference. This program will deal entirely with the rela­ sentative of employers, E. F. Du Brul, manager, National Machine tion and application to rural life of the labor encyclicals of Popes Tool Builders' Association, Cincinnati; and one person not identified Leo XIII and Pius XI. ith either group, Reverend John P. Boland, pastor of St. Columba's By invitation of His Excellency, Right Reverend John J. Cantwell, ChlU'ch, Buffalo, to interest employers, labor m~n, and others in the Bi hop of Los Angeles and San Diego, a second regional meeting of the work of the conference, which, according to Dr. Hagerty, has received conference will be held in Lo Angeles in March, 1932, and for the third great encouragement from both Catholic and non-Catholic source.

------~------Denver and Rochester Diocesan Councils of Catholic Women Hold Enthusiastic Meetings DENVER, COLORADO ers to be spiritually alert and mentally alive and to take advantage of all opportunities to advance the causes of good citizenship and of reli­ The Denver Diocesan Council of Catholic Women held its quarterly conference at Sterling on August 5. Following mass in St. Anthony's gion. Miss Cecilia Yawman, president of the Diocesan Council, and Mis Church, at which Rev. Charles Hagus was celebrant, the business ses­ Margaret T. Lynch, assistant executive secretary of the National Coun­ sion convened in the school hall. In the absence of the president, Mrs. T. A. Cosgriff, Mrs. Thomas cil of Catholic Women, were speakers at the afternoon session. Miss Lynch also spoke at the luncheon. Garrison first vice-president, presided. The message of the national president, Miss Mary G. Hawks, following her return from the meeting Over one hundred were in attendance at the meeting. The first an­ of the Bureau of the International Union of Catholic Women's Leagues nual convention will be held in Rochester. October 14 and 15. in Warsaw, Poland, was read. -----+----- Resumes of the work of the Denver and Pueblo Deaneries for the past Speakers in The Catholic Hour Till Next March three months were submitted by their respective presidents, Mrs. Gar­ ri on and Mrs. George Shearer: The two clinics conducted by the Den­ Announced ver Deanery have been unusually active, the report showing 506 cases REV. JOHN A. McCLOREY, S.J., who began on August 2 a serie cared for. Little Flower Center, a Denver Deanery activity, reported of eleven addresses in the Catholic Hour, sponsored by the Na­ a total attendance of 1,379. At this center much is being done spiritu­ tional Council of Catholic Men, will continue until and including Oc­ ally and materially for the Mexican children. tober 11. Father McClorey's general subject is "The Parables." The Other reports were given by the treasurer, Mrs. Thomas Kerrigan; addresses in the course are "The Talents-Activity and Cheer," August by Mrs. Samuel J. Lewis, on ways and means; Mrs. John Mueller, legis­ 2; "The Talents-Passivity and Pain," August 9; "The Woman of the lation; Miss Margaret Fallon, Catholic alumnae; Miss Catherine Byrn Apocalypse," August 16; "The Sower and the Seed-Is Christianity and Mrs. Joseph C. Hagus, Catholic Daughters of America. a Failure?" August 23; "The Parable of the Warring King-The Great Among the speakers were Dean Froegel of Greeley, Rev. F. Gregory Adventure," August 30; "The Great Supper-the Eucharistic Sacrifice," ~mith, Miss Mary Coughlin, Father Hagus, Dean Wolohan, Rev. John September 6; "The Great Supper-the Eucharistic Sacrament," Sep­ R. l\lulroy, spiritual director of the diocesan council, W. Gordon Ward, tember 13; "Dives and Lazarus," September 20; "Lazarus and Dives," Rev. J. P. Trudel of Fort Collins, and Mrs. M. J. O'Fallon, member of September 27; "The House Built on the Rock," October 4; "The Sheep the board of directors of the National Council of Catholic Women. and the Goats," October 11. Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P.., will succeed Father McClorey, and on October 18 will initiate ten addresses on Christ in the daily life. His ROCHESTER, N. Y. course will be concluded on December 20. Following Father Gillis, The Very Rev. Walter Lee, pastor of St. Francis de Sales Church, Rev. Dr. Fulton J. Sheen will be the speaker for fourteen weeks-from Geneva, N. Y., was speaker at the luncheon held in connection with a December 27 to March 27. deanery meeting of the newly formed Rochester Diocesan Council of All of these speakers appeared in the Catholic Hour in 1930. Doctor Catholic Women in Geneva, July 16. He made a stirring plea for women Sheen gave the first series of addresses in March and April; Father to take a more active part in public affairs, and to give their whole­ McClorey spoke in September, October and part of November, and hearted support to the organization. It is a sad commentary, Father Father Gillis from November 9 to and including December 28. Lee said, that Catholics do not take the place in the world's affairs that Requests for copies of the addresses delivered in the Catholic Hour they should. A lack of leadership is responsible, he thought. The have been received by the National Council of Catholic Men from priests Catholics have not today a proportionate leadership or strength in those and laymen in England and Ireland, where the programs are heard things that influence life and home, he said. He urged a unified effort through the short-wave station of the General Electric Company at to overcome these deficiencies. The speaker closed by urging his listen- Schenectady, N. Y. ---,---+----- 32 N. C. "\\'. C. REVIEW September, 1931

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