DOCSLIB.ORG

William Clark in Louisville to Join Him As Expedi­ Missouri

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
William Clark in Louisville to Join Him As Expedi­ Missouri == · THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL MESSAGE FROM HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. PRESIDENT JIM FAZIO Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS OUR FOUNDATION­ Exemption Certificate No. 501(C)(3)-ldentlflcation No. 51-0187715 MORE THAN A CUJB I was warned that as President of our OFFICERS-EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Foundation I would spend a lot of even­ President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President ings and Saturday mornings chained to James R. Fazio Stuart E. Knapp Robert Gatten 9201 s. 66th St. 1317 S. Black St. 3507 Smoketree Dr. my desk shuffling paper. I found it to Yankee llidge Bozeman, MT 59715 Greensboro, NC 27410 be all too true, as I do today looking out Lincoln, NE 68516 at a clear, sunny sky and the first spring Barbara Kubik, Secretary H. John Montague, 'Jl'easurer wannth of the year. Time is so precious. 1712 S. Perry Ct. 2928 N .W. Verde Vista Turrace While still a vice president of the Kennewick, WA 99337 Portland, OR 97210-3356 Foundation I wrestled with the Lewis and Clark '!\'ail Heritage Foundation, Inc. question- ls this really worth it? Instead Membership Secretary P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 of serving as an officer of the Founda­ tion, should I be spending the time on DIRECTORS my profession or my family? Not being Max Lippman Patti Thomsen Ella Mae Howard a 'joiner' by nature, I could never St. Louis, MO Brookfield, Wl Great Falls, MT understand people going to stamp club Ann Johnston Bob Gatten Oarold Jackson meetings or getting worked up over the Evergreen, CO Greensboro, NC St. Charles, MO politics of Garden Club administration. Winifred C. George, Immediate Past President I concluded early on that I simply wouldn't do that with the time allocated ABOUT THE FOUNDATION to me in life. And I still won't. But I have The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., Is to stimulate public Interest in also concluded that the Lewis & Clark matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, the contributions to American history made by the Expedition members, and events of time and place concerning the expedition which are of historical 'frail Heritage Foundation is more than Import to our nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriented programs, and supports activities which enhance the enjoyment and understanding of the Lewis and Clark story. The scope of a club. It is an opportunity for service the activities of the Foundation is broad and diverse, and Includes involvement in pursuits which, In the Judgment of the directors, are of historical worth or contemporary social value, and commensurate to the nation I love and for promoting with the heritage of Lewis and Clark. The activities of the National Foundation are intended to comple­ values that I believe are essential to the ment and supplement those of state and local Lewis and Clark Interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately recognize and honor Individuals or groups for art works of distinction, achievement in the survival of our way of life. The study broad field of Lewis and Clark historical research, writing, or deeds which promote the general purpose and scope of activities of the Foundation. Membership in the organization comprises a broad spectrum of history, and the preservation of sites of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts Including Federal, State, and local government officials, historians, scholars and others of wide-ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected related to it, are far more important from the membership. The annual meeting of the Foundation Is traditionally held during August, the birth month of both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The meeting place Is rotated among the states, (Continued on page 30) and tours generally are arranged to visit sites In the area of the annual meeting which have historic associa­ tion with the Lewis and Clark Expedition. MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION Membership In the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Fo undation, Inc. Is open to the general public. In­ formation and an application are available by sen· ding a request to: Membership Secretary; Lewis and C lark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc.; P.O. Box 3434; Great Falls, MT 59403. We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Clark '!\'ail Heritage Foundation, We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine of the Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective Foundation, is mailed to current members during journals of the famous Expedition. the months of February, May, August, and November. E.G. CHUINARD, M.0., FOUNDER ISSN 0275-6706 ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES• Martin L. Erickson, Editor 1203 28th Street South #82 General: $20.00 (3 years: $55.00) Great Falls, MT 59405 Sustaining: $ 30.00 Supporting: $ 60.00 EDITORIAL BOARD Contributing: $150.00 Robert C. Carriker; Spokane, WA Editorial Consultant: Arlen J. Large; Washington, D.C. Vivian A. Paladin • For foreign memberships add: $5/year in Gary E. Moulton; Lincoln, NE Helena, MT Canada; $10/year in Eu ro pe; and $15/year In Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Rook Review Editor: Harry Fritz, Missoula, MT 2 WE PROCEEDED ON From the Editor's Desk The Idaho chapter sent me a calendar of upcom­ meeting and we take a look at the Cahokia ing events and it is a fine example of what I have Mounds. been asking for so that we can run a calendar of Whoever said we don't have variety in WPO? events. Note, if you would, that the calendar lists One of the truly great leaders of the Foundation, the date, the event and the location along with Dr. E.G. "Frenchy" Chuinard, has passed on. His where to write for more information. Also note that passing leaves us with a gap of huge proportions the events are listed far enough in advance so that in our ranks. We will miss Frenchy and Hazel you can make arrangements to attend if you so Bain, Dick Clifton and Dr. Fred Shelton. They all desire. The calendar is on page 11. contributed in their own way to the success of our Bob Gatten has put another piece into the puzzle ''long, thin museum'' that stretches from the east of the life of William Clark. His description of what to the west coast of our country. he has discovered begins on page 6. Jim Large takes a close look at the intriguing events sur­ rounding the Louisiana Purchase and its relation­ ship to the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Joe Hill brings us up to date on the upcoming annual LETTER TO THE EDITOR Dear Mr. Erickson: Upon traveling in recent years with IllY wife the in monumental architecture prevailing in the time plains, canyons, and deserts of the West, and hav­ of construction of the monuments (and the limita­ ing read a couple of books (Dayton Duncan's Out tions on funding) dictate that we who view them West and James Ronda's superb and revelatory decades later must be faced with such aesthetically Lewis and Clark Among the Indians) that hooked hideous tributes to Lewis and Clark as the tawdry me on the subject, I became a Lewis and Clark art deco mural-in-relief standing above Council aficionado, reading voraciously among the Bluffs, the institutional stonehenge at Site #1 numerous titles available on different aspects (again, see your Feb. cover), or various styles of (geographical, medical, scientifical, etc.) of that goofy signage and statuary along the length of the excellent expedition, joining the Lewis and Clark 'D:ail. 'D:ail Heritage Foundation, and, when able, mak­ Recently, I drove a portion of the Natchez 'D:ace ing pilgrimages to the significant sites and points Parkway in Mississippi, Alabama, and Tunnessee. of interest along the 'frail. It is (bis latter activity Although I had a larger interest in seeing the 'frace that has inspired me to write to regale you and itself, my ultimate goal was to complete a the readers of your journal with the' general obser­ pilgrimage to the gravesite of Meriwether Lewis vation that seemingly all Lewis and Clark in southcentral Tunnessee. Tu anyone who has monuments are ugly. (The cover of the February never driven the Natchez 'frace, I recommend it 1993 issue of We Proceeded On is a case in point.) highly, as it is indeed a parkway in the finest In most instances, these monuments have been sense, a beautifully graded roadway of peach­ erected by local.ities, the residents of which hav­ colored asphalt with a scrupulously maintained ing been motivated to recognize the role in local shoulder of close-cropped grass. The parkway car- history played by the Corps of Discovery; the tastes ' (LETIERS-Continued on page 30) ON THE COVER-Equinox sunrise at Woodhenge-Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (see article page 6 and 20). Photo courtesy Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site MAY 1993 ----- --- -------------- --------WE PROCEEDED ON 3 ARE YOU READY TO RETURN TO THE BEGINNING IN 1993? LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION SITE #1 BY M. JOSEPH HILL GENERAL CHAIRMAN, 1993 MEETING In the November 1992 issue of WPO, we pro­ will enhance our Annual Meeting and will give mised more about the 1993 Annual Meeting and another boost to the Interpretive Center project. followed through in the February issue with detail­ Don't forget to make plans to stay overnight on ed registration materials. Since February, registra­ Saturday, July 31, 1993. The stay-over should tion requests have been arriving daily in our significantly reduce travel cost and you will be able mailbox, and things are falling into place. Don't to enjoy the get-acquainted mixer on Saturday delay.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medallic History of the War of 1812: Catalyst for Destruction of the American Indian Nations by Benjamin Weiss Published By
    Medallic History of the War of 1812: Catalyst for Destruction of the American Indian Nations by Benjamin Weiss Published by Kunstpedia Foundation Haansberg 19 4874NJ Etten-Leur the Netherlands t. +31-(0)76-50 32 797 f. +31-(0)76-50 32 540 w. www.kunstpedia.org Text : Benjamin Weiss Design : Kunstpedia Foundation & Rifai Publication : 2013 Copyright Benjamin Weiss. Medallic History of the War of 1812: Catalyst for Destruction of the American Indian Nations by Benjamin Weiss is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://www.kunstpedia.org. “Brothers, we all belong to one family; we are all children of the Great Spirit; we walk in the same path; slake our thirst at the same spring; and now affairs of the greatest concern lead us to smoke the pipe around the same council fire!” Tecumseh, in a speech to the Osages in 1811, urging the Indian nations to unite and to forewarn them of the calamities that were to come (As told by John Dunn Hunter). Historical and commemorative medals can often be used to help illustrate the plight of a People. Such is the case with medals issued during the period of the War of 1812. As wars go, this war was fairly short and had relatively few casualties1, but it had enormous impact on the future of the countries and inhabitants of the Northern Hemisphere. At the conclusion of this conflict, the geography, destiny and social structure of the newly-formed United States of America and Canada were forever and irrevocably altered.
    [Show full text]
  • CKR Dissertation for Proquest
    NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY The Awakening: Rhetoric and the Rise of New Women in the New Northwest, 1868-1912 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Communication Studies By Cindy Koenig Richards EVANSTON, ILLINOIS June 2008 2 © Copyright 2008 by Cindy Koenig Richards All Rights Reserved 3 ABSTRACT The Awakening: Rhetoric and the Rise of New Women in the New Northwest, 1868-1912 Cindy Koenig Richards This study examines rhetorical practices through which disenfranchised women developed tenable political identities and integrated themselves into the public realm in the Pacific Northwest between 1868 and 1912. Through close analysis of rhetorical activities in which thousands of women participated—including club discourse, public commemoration, legal advocacy, petition work, and publication—it illuminates how these activities reconciled femininity and political involvement in an era and place that categorically denied women the right to self-government. Specifically, this dissertation argues that collective rhetorical practices made available rather than merely expressed new identities and skills among women in Oregon and Washington. As they engaged in symbolic action, together, women bridged the divide between their conventional roles in the private realm and leadership in public life, thereby changing themselves and their communities. In addition to expanding interdisciplinary understanding of woman’s rights and suffrage activism in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century United States, this study provides insight into modes of communication that construct public identities, cultivate new ways of thinking and acting politically, and create grounds for public reform. 4 Acknowledgments I am grateful to The Graduate School and the Department of Communication Studies at Northwestern University as well as the Alumnae of Northwestern University for providing the money and time that enabled me to complete this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Medallic History of the War of 1812 John W
    MMCCAA AAddvviiss rryy The Journal of the Medal Collectors of America Volume 15 ∙ Number 5 September ∙ October 2012 Special Edition Editor Medallic History of the War of 1812 John W. Adams [email protected] Consequences to the American Producer : Tony Lopez Indian Nations Photography by Benjamin Weiss Bob Williams Member Contacts Barry Tayman, Treasurer 3115 Nestling Pine Court Ellicott City, MD 21042 [email protected] Benjamin Weiss, Webmaster [email protected] MCA Officers David Menchell, President [email protected] Skyler Liechty, Vice President [email protected] Anne E. Bentley, Secretary [email protected] Annual Membership Dues: $55 w/Hard Copy Edition $25 w/Electronic Edition Check out our MCA Website: www.medalcollectors.org Introduction to the War of 1812 Special Edition his issue is our “War of 1812 Special”. The length of our only article has crowded out a rich menu of correspondence, announcement of the Club Medal for 2013, the President’s Message and ye Editor’s Notes. We have all of these items PLUS an especially rich and varied backlog to which to look forward. We hope to Tpublish another issue soon after this one and yet another before year end. Turning to the War of 1812, our webmaster Ben Weiss has crafted an outstanding analysis of the subject. He covers all of the many venues of the War – the battles on our Northern frontier, on the East Coast, on the Great Lakes, the epic confrontations at sea and the final chapter featuring Andrew Jackson at New Orleans. These are the stuff of history books and will be familiar to all readers familiar with the past and with the traditions of our nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Issue
    Your Treasures are in Good Hands with us First established as a numismatic trading company in 1971, today we have achieved a solid reputation among the leading coin and medal auction houses of Europe. More than 10,000 clients worldwide place their trust China. Auction 180 in us. Our company’s fi rst auction was held Hsuan Tung, 1908 – 1911. Dollar n. d. (1911), Tientsin. Pattern with GIORGI. in 1985, and we can look back on a positive Estimate: € 10,000. Price realized: € 460,000. track record of over 190 auctions since that time. Four times a year, the Künker auction gallery becomes a major rendezvous for friends of numismatics. This is where several thousand bidders regularly participate in our auctions. • We buy your gold assets at a fair, daily market price • International customer care • Yearly over 20,000 objects in our auctions • Large selection of gold coins • Top quality color printed catalogues Russian Empire. Auction 135 Alexander I., 1801-1825. Gold medal of 48 Ducats, 1814, by tsarina M. Feodorovna for Alexander I. Estimate: € 30,000. Price realized: € 220,000. Profi t from our Experience of more than 190 successful Auctions – Consign your Coins and Medals! scaled down Tel.: +49 541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 541 96 20 222 Roman Empire. Auction 158 Email: [email protected] Valens, 364-378. Medaillon 375/378, Rome. Probably unique. Visit us online: www.kuenker.com Estimate: € 200,000. Price realized: € 360,000. Meet us at our Winter Auction, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstr. 23 · 49076 Osnabrück · Germany December 13 – 14, 2011 in Osnabrück www.kuenker.com · [email protected] Osnabrück · Berlin · Munich · Zurich · Moscow DEPARTMENTS FEATURES 7 From the Deputy Director Andrew Meadows 26 Ancient Coins and the Cultural Property Debate Rick Witschonke Peter K.
    [Show full text]
  • 200 Books, 200 Years a Lewis and Clark Expedition Bibliography in Honor of the Bicentennial
    200 Books, 200 Years A Lewis and Clark Expedition Bibliography In Honor of the Bicentennial A joint project of the Washington Lewis and Clark Trail Committee the Washington State Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation and the Washington State Library, Office of the Secretary of State August 2008 Over the last six years the Governor-appointed Washington Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, the Washington Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, and the Washington State Library, a division of the Office of the Secretary of State, partnered to produce this bibliography. This is the final bibliography the three partners produced in honor of the Lewis and Clark bicentennial. Previously issued bibliographies in this series are: The Corps 33 issued in January 2005. This bibliography represents the essential core books about the Expedition. Thirty-three members of the Corps of Discovery, the official name for the Lewis and Clark Expedition, made the journey from Fort Mandan to the Pacific and back; thus the title The Corps 33. Titles from The Corps 33 are indicated with an *. 100 Books, 200 Years issued in February 2007. 150 books, 200 Years issued in March 2008. The goal of this partnership was to produce a bibliography of 200 books that encompassed the most significant and influential books published about the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Books about Thomas Jefferson and Native Americans are included; they provide context for fully understanding the significance of the Expedition. As might be expected, the bibliography has a Pacific Northwest emphasis. Because numerous books were published during the 2003-2006 bicentennial, the partners waited until the end of the bicentennial to select the books and issue this final bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Negotiations: Native Diplomats in the American Capital, 1789-1837
    CAPITAL NEGOTIATIONS: NATIVE DIPLOMATS IN THE AMERICAN CAPITAL, 1789-1837 by Stephanie L. Gamble A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October 2014 © 2014 Stephanie L. Gamble All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT “Capital Negotiations: Native Diplomats in the American Capital, 1789-1837,” examines the culture of diplomacy created by Native delegates and American officials as they negotiated in the seat of federal power. Between 1789 and 1837, more than 170 delegations of Native peoples from more than forty nations arrived in the national capital to engage in diplomacy with the United States government. Deputations ranged in size from a single diplomat to several dozen. The majority of delegations consisted of members of only one nation, though a notable minority was comprised of individuals from multiple nations. With many of these visits overlapping, Indian ambassadors were visible, nearly ever-present figures in the capital’s streets, theatres, hotels, and federal offices, as well as on the roads and waterways leading to and from the capital. Examining speeches, government records, newspapers, guidebooks, and personal letters, this dissertation uncovers the evolving expectations and strategies of Native diplomats as well as federal officials’ attempts to control Native visits. This project demonstrates the myriad ways in which Natives and federal officials performed diplomatic identities not just for one another but also for a wider American public, through extensive newspaper reporting and public displays of Native culture and American progress. Further, it establishes the importance of the American capital as a physical and ideological space for Native leaders and diplomats.
    [Show full text]
  • Shapers of America Shapers of America
    Shapers of America Shapers of America michael T. Crosby Frontispiece: Although no images of Sacagawea were made in her lifetime, she has been depicted in more statues than any other woman in American history. This 1980 painted bronze statue by Harry Jackson can be found at the TABLE OF CONTENTS Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming. OTTN Publishing Introduction by Dr. Roger G. Kennedy 7 16 Risler Street Stockton, NJ 08859 1 Who Was Sacagawea? 10 www.ottnpublishing.com 2 A Shoshone Girl 18 Copyright © 2008 by OTTN Publishing. All rights reserved. 3 The Lewis and Clark Expedition 29 Printed and bound in the United States of America. Map: Louisiana Purchase Territory 34 Map: From St. Louis to the Knife River Villages 38 First printing 4 The Shoshone “Interpretress” 41 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 5 Seeking the Headwaters of the Missouri 51 6 Finding Sacagawea’s People 61 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Map: From the Knife River Villages Crosby, Michael T. to Camp Fortunate 68 Sacagawea : Shoshone Explorer / Michael T. Crosby. 7 On to the Pacific 70 p. cm. — (Shapers of America) Includes bibliographical references and index. Map: From Camp Fortunate to Canoe Camp 76 ISBN-13: 978-1-59556-026-1 8 Waiting Out the Winter 82 ISBN-10: 1-59556-026-2 Map: From Canoe Camp to the Pacific 88 1. Sacagawea—Juvenile literature. 2. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)—Juvenile literature. 3. Shoshoni 9 “A Pilot Through This Country” 94 women—Biography—Juvenile literature. 4. Shoshoni Map: The Expedition Returns 100–101 Indians—Biography—Juvenile literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Ode to Sacajawea (Sacagawea) by Bert Huffman Click Here for Transcript
    Ode to Sacajawea (Sacagawea) By Bert Huffman Click here for transcript. This poem, by Bert Huffman of Pendleton, was probably written in commemoration of a bronze statue of Sacagawea (Agaideka Shoshones spell it "Sacajawea"; the hard "g" comes from the Hidatsa spelling) and her son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. The statue, which is now located in Portland’s Washington Park, was created by artist Alice Cooper for the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition. Sacagawea (Agaideka [Lemhi] Shoshone) was the only woman on the Expedition, and Cooper portrayed her as a guide and a pathbreaker who led the “conquering captains” westward to the Pacific. Huffman writes that she was the first to chart “the trails that led the hosts across yon mountain crests,” and the poem emphasizes her role in bringing to fruition America’s “manifest destiny.” Early and mid-nineteenth century accounts of the Corps of Discovery rarely paid much attention to Sacagawea. That began to change in the 1890s, when interest in the Lewis and Clark Expedition increased because of the upcoming Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition. Also during this period, the role of women in American society was undergoing a change, and Sacagawea was transformed from a little-known Shoshone woman into an American heroine, an “Indian princess,” who led a party of intrepid adventurers to the Pacific Ocean set an example for emancipated women everywhere. Women’s rights advocates such as Susan B. Anthony and Eva Emery Dye (author of the popular novel The Conquest) characterized Sacagawea as a model of an independent woman. Such characterizations tended to distort Sacagawea’s role in the Expedition as well as her own life story—she had been taken as a slave at the age of twelve or thirteen and sold to a man more than twice her age—but the stereotype of Sacagawea as a “good Indian” who eagerly worked on behalf of American expansionism took root in the popular imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • York of the Corps of Discovery Interpretations of York’S Character and His Role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition
    Darrell M. Millner York of the Corps of Discovery Interpretations of York’s Character and His Role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition n 1803, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark assembled a diverse company to accomplish a task set for them by President Thomas Jefferson and authorized by Congress — to travel from the Missis- sippi Valley to the Pacific Coast, crossing outside the borders of the IUnited States to describe an unfamiliar landscape, to find a viable com- mercial route across the continent, and to establish relations with un- known Native peoples. Joining the two captains and the soldiers they had recruited for the expedition was York, Clark’s black slave. By winter, the Corps of Discovery had been joined by a French Canadian, Toussaint Charbonneau, who would serve as an interpreter, and a young Indian woman called Sacagawea. The western frontier has always been notable for its interracial and intercultural complexity, and the Corps of Discov- ery reflected that reality. The diversity of the Corps, according to histo- rian James P. Ronda, is one of the reasons the expedition has such appeal for modern Americans. “[I]t’s not just a white man’s army,” Ronda writes, “but rather a group of people from many different racial, ethnic, cultural and social backgrounds. This is a crazy quilt that was and is America.” One of the most interesting and useful stories to emerge about the members of the Lewis and Clark expedition is that of York, who partici- pated fully in the journey and contributed in significant ways to its suc- cess.
    [Show full text]
  • Dux Femina Facti "
    ''Dux Femina Facti " Sacajawea Statue Association Oregon, Washing'ton, Idaho, Mon• tana, Dakota, Nebraska, UtaH, Colorado "Dux Femina Facti" TEN REASONS WHY THE WOMEN OP ( "A woman led the deed"—VIRGIL) THE NORTHWEST SHOULD ERECT A STATUE TO SAC A J AWE A: Sacajawea Statue Association 1. Sacajawea was the only woman to ac• OFFICERS. company the Lewis and Clark expedition. President—Mrs. Eva Emery Dye, Oregon 2. She was their guide and interpreter. City. First Vice-President—Mrs. C. M. Cart- 3. She protected them when threatened by wright, Portland. hostile Indians. Second Vice-President—Mrs. M. A. Dalton, 4. She procured for them food and horses Portland. when destitute of both. Third Vice-President—Mrs. J. B. Mont• 5. She saved their journals and valuables gomery, Portland. papers at the risk of her own life. Secretary—Mrs. Sarah A. Evans, Oswego, 6. She was the only one of the party who Oregon. received no pecuniary compensation for her Treasurer—Mrs. A. H. Breyman, Portland. services. 7. While enduring hardships and suffer• Honorary President—Mrs. S. A. Duniway. ing, she administered to the necessities of Honorary Vice-Pr -sident—Mrs. A. C. Gibbs. others. DIRECTORS. 8. She welcomed with intelligent appreci• ation the civilization of the white race. Mrs. E. W. Bingnam, Portland; Mrs. H. McArthur, Portland; Mrs. Jno. McRoberts, 9. Over a million dollars will be spent in Portland, Mrs. S. L. M. Farmer, Portland; honoring the memory of the heroes of the Mrs. Geo. Harding, Oregon City. Lewis and Clark party and not a cent of it has been appropriated to the only heroine.
    [Show full text]
  • Coining Scientific Discoveries Middle School
    Coining Scientific Discoveries Middle School OBJECTIVES Students will be able to explain the objectives of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the relationship of those objectives to the designs od the Westward Journey Nickel Series™ . The students will use primary documents and the Internet to conduct independent research about some of the scientific artifacts that Lewis and Clark examined on their Expedition. Students will prepare presentations of their materials and incorporate their new knowledge into an original coin design to give their classmates a better understanding of the role that scientific exploration played in Lewis and Clark’s journey. CLASS TIME Four or five 45- to 60-minute sessions NATIONAL STANDARDS This lesson plan reflects some of the national standards of learning as defined by the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), the National Council for Teachers of English (NCTE), the National Research Council, and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). These standards are listed below: • Social Studies: Time, Continuity, and Change • Social Studies: People, Places, and Environments • Social Studies: Science, Technology, and Society • Language Arts: Students employ a wide range of strategies as they write and use different writing process elements appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes. • Language Arts: Students conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems. They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and non-print texts, artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries in ways that suit their purpose and audience. • Language Arts: Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Medals Box: 32
    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Blackwell, Morton: Files Folder Title: Peace Medals Box: 32 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ INDIAN PEACE MEDALS IN AMERICAN HISTORY FRANCIS PAUL PRUCHA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN MADISON MCMLXXI ------ PHEFACE Thr,iugh the ages, medals have heen among the This hook, therefore, has two distind but related i::· ,-t lll! riguing of historical artifacts. There is some­ parts. Part One presents the history of the use of r h?ng in their solidity and permanence, in the tight the medals in American dealings with the Indians, :,::'.:t:t1 ion.,; placed hy their very nature upon the including enough indication of previous European ., r· :,tic· de,;igns they can bear, and in the beauty practice to set American usage in proper perspec­ , r the metals from which they are struck that make tive. Part Two is a catalog of the individual medals, r:i,-dal,; ideal vehicles for the symbols of a culture or with a brief history of the designing and manufac­ .rn ;ig,:. When in my studies of American Indian­ turing of each. I have documented both parts ex­ ,d11te relations I came upon the silver medals pre­ tensively, for materials on the medals are often •t·nt(•d by the United States government to the elusive and buried deep in other records, and the ! ndinn chiefs, I was at once caught by a strange footnotes will supply a sure g-uide for persons who Li 0 ci1rntion.
    [Show full text]