Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Published: October 2015 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Introduction...... 1

Mode by Mode Overview...... 2 Trucking in Michigan...... 2 Michigan’s Rail System...... 4 Marine Transportation...... 6 Air Freight...... 8 Pipelines...... 10 Public versus Private Infrastructure...... 11

Freight Definitions and Terminology...... 12 General Terminology...... 12 Trucking Terminology...... 15 Rail Terminology...... 19 Marine Terminology...... 22 Air Terminology...... 26 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

An efficient and well-maintained transportation system serves as the backbone for all economic activity. Efficient transportation systems move goods and people throughout local, regional, state, national and international economies in a safe, timely, and reliable manner. The freight transportation system of Michigan is an important element of economic competitiveness, especially as the state continues to expand its role as a major domestic and global trade partner. Freight is defined as any good, product, or raw material carried by a commercial means of transportation – including air, highway, rail, , and pipeline. The activities involved in the management of how and where freight moves are defined as logistics. This is becoming a significant challenge due to the growing need for freight services resulting from increased consumer demand, congestion, and the ability of the transportation infrastructure to support such demand. In light of existing market forces, rising fuel , and other factors that will increase the cost of moving goods, freight planning is an important component of the statewide and metropolitan planning process. The following summary provides an overview and description of freight modes of transportation found in Michigan, including definitions and terminology that are commonly used in the freight . This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but one tailored to Michigan from a statewide and multi-modal perspective.

1 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan Mode by Mode Overview The following information includes a brief overview of each mode, the major handled, their share of the total tonnage traveling into, out of, within, and through Michigan, as well as a few facts and figures. Data included is from 2013 or 2014, which is the most recent data available. Trucking in Michigan Carrying more than half of the total freight in Michigan, the trucking industry is a large and complex component of the state’s total transportation system and a major contributor to economic activity. In 2013, 338.1 million tons of freight were moved by truck, accounting for 67 percent of the tonnage moved in the state. The value of freight moved by truck was $563.6 billion, accounting for 74 percent of all traffic. Nearly every consumer product is moved by truck at one point en route to the end user. Trucks are a necessary element of all industrial sectors – especially Michigan’s , agriculture, wholesale, , and construction industries. Michigan’s Top 10 Commodities Moved by Truck economy continues to move forward with (Millions of Tons, 2013) noticeable contributions from the commercial 12.3 65.7 Nonmetallic and trucking industry. The 13.0 , 65.7 top 10 commodities 13.8 Farm Products, 39.2 moved by truck are Waste or Materials, 39.1 indicated in the chart below, and account for 20.0 Food Products, 33.5 approximately 39.2 Secondary Traffic, 32.9 20.0 85 percent of the total Primary Metal Products, 20.0 tonnage handled in Clay, Cement, Glass or the state. 32.9 Stone Products, 20.0 39.1 Chemical Products, 13.8 33.5 Transportation Equipment, 13.0 or Products, 12.3

2 Source: IHS Transearch Database Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

State Trunkline System Michigan law allows for heavier overall truck weights than most other states, where the maximum gross vehicle weight adheres to the federal standard of 80,000 pounds. In Michigan, the maximum MARQUETTE SAULT STE. MARIE gross vehicle weight is more than double at 164,000 pounds and remains so due to a grandfather clause. This may seem to have a direct ESCANABA connection to the condition of Michigan roadways, but research has found that ALPENA pavement damage is directly TRAVERSE CITY related to axle load, not gross vehicle weight. To ensure that Michigan’s higher gross vehicle weight inflicts the least possible damage to roadways, the weight-per-axle guidelines SAGINAW require additional axles as gross vehicle weight increases, GRAND RAPIDS FLINT with most trucks carrying LANSING between 13,000 and 16,000 pounds per axle, which is less State Trunkline System JACKSON than the average of 17,000 to KALAMAZOO DETROIT Freeways 20,000 pounds per axle under ANN ARBOR Non-Freeways the federal 80,000 pound gross vehicle weight standard. Source: Michigan Department of Transportation 3 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Michigan’s Rail System The freight railroad industry is almost exclusively privately owned and financed, with railroad companies owning and maintaining a vast majority of the track infrastructure throughout the state. The State of Michigan owns and maintains 665 miles of track throughout the state that were saved from abandonment, and is involved in an ongoing process of divestiture to return commercially viable rail operations to the private sector as market conditions allow. In 2013, 100.4 million tons of freight were moved by rail, accounting for 20 percent of the tonnage moved in the state. The value of freight moved by rail was $160.9 billion, accounting for 21 percent of all traffic. Rail is a cost-effective alternative for heavy and bulk commodities, and is commonly the preferred transport method for hazardous materials. Intermodal rail is growing rapidly within the railroad industry. Container movement between truck and rail offer efficiencies in long-distance freight movements and overseas trade. In 2013, intermodal shipments reached 15.5 million and reached a new high at 4.6 percent above the previous record set for both Canadian and U.S. railroads for domestic and international movements.

Top 10 Commodities Moved by Rail (Millions of Tons, 2013)

17.4 Coal, 17.4 Chemical Products, 13.3 4.1 13.3 Metallic Ores, 12.6 4.5 Transportation Equipment, 8.9 Primary Metal Products, 6.8 4.5 Petroleum or Coal Products, 5.5 4.6 12.6 Farm Products, 4.6 Miscellaneous or 5.5 Mixed Shipments, 4.5 6.8 8.9 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas, 4.5 Paper and Pulp Products, 4.1

4 Source: STB Waybill and MDOT Statistics Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Michigan Railroad System

MARQUETTE SAULT STE. MARIE

ESCANABA

ALPENA TRAVERSE CITY

SAGINAW

GRAND RAPIDS FLINT LANSING Michigan Railroad System Rail Line State Owned KALAMAZOO JACKSON DETROIT Michigan Counties ANN ARBOR

Sources: Center for Shared Solutions and MDOT 5 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Marine Transportation The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway form a maritime transportation system extending 2,300 miles from the gulf of the St. Lawrence on the Atlantic Ocean to the western end of Lake Superior. Michigan’s shoreline contains approximately 40 active ports that ship or receive freight cargoes.

Since the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959, Michigan’s total annual waterborne commerce has ranged from 53 to 114 million tons. The mean annual tonnage during this period is 93 million. In recent years, the volumes have been approximately 70 million tons, which is nearly half the total generated by U.S. Great Lakes ports. In 2013, 66.7 million tons of freight were moved by water, accounting for 13 percent of the tonnage moved in the state. The value of freight moved by water was $5.2 billion, accounting for 1 percent of all traffic. Most of Michigan’s waterborne traffic is generated by the steel and construction industries and is therefore susceptible to variations in the general economy and government policies regarding steel production and importation.

Top 5 Commodities Moved via Water (Millions of Tons, 2013) 1.1

4.5 26.9 Nonmetallic Ores and Minerals, 26.9 Metallic Ores, 17.7 Coal, 15 15 Clay, Cement, Glass or Stone Products, 4.5 Primary Metal Products, 1.1

17.7

6 Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and MDOT Statistics Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Ship owners seek to maximize vessel size within the constraints of the navigation system in order to maximize the efficiency of their operations. In the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System, lock infrastructure provides a specific constraint: St. Lawrence Seaway locks measure 233.5 meters (766 feet) long by 24 meters (80 feet) wide by 9.14 meters (30 feet) deep. Therefore, many vessels have been constructed to “Seawaymax” dimensions. These vessels measure 226 meters (740 feet) in length and 24 meters (78 feet) in width and have a draft of 7.92 meters (26.5 feet).

Michigan Cargo Ports

7 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Air Freight Air transport is essential to managing and controlling the flow of like products, services, and people from the source of production to the marketplace. Although it makes up a small percentage of the total tonnage moved, air freight is undeniably important to the global transportation network. Air cargo services are particularly important for high-value and time-sensitive commodities. In Michigan, the major products that move by air are small package freight, chemical products and automotive parts.

In 2014, 360,808 tons of freight were moved by air. The value of freight moved by air was $31.4 billion, accounting for 4 percent of all traffic. On an annual basis, households, , and governments spend about $7 billion on aviation and aviation-related services. A total of 18 airports offer scheduled services that handle air cargo throughout the state. Local airports continue to serve as strong economic engines for local communities by providing service to airport-dependent businesses to connect to the global marketplace in the quickest way possible.

Top Air Cargo Airports (By Tonnage, 2014) 12,034

22,948 Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County, 222,740 41,043 Ypsilanti Willow Run, 62,043 Grand Rapids 222,740 Gerald R. Ford International, 41,043 62,043 Lansing Capital City, 22,948 Other, 12,034

8 Source: MDOT Airport Statistics Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Scheduled Air Service Airports by Tonnage

HOUGHTON/HANCOCK

IRONWOOD MARQUETTE SAULT STE. MARIE

IRON MOUNTAIN ESCANABA PELLSTON

ALPENA

TRAVERSE CITY

MANISTEE

2014 Total Tons SAGINAW 0 to 499 500 to 2,499 MUSKEGON 2,500 to 49,999 FLINT GRAND RAPIDS 50,000 to 99,000 LANSING

100,000 to 250,000

KALAMAZOO WILLOW RUN Source: MDOT Airport Statistics DETROIT

9 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Pipelines Petroleum Terminals and Refineries in Michigan The pipeline infrastructure network is extensive, and includes natural gas and petroleum pipelines throughout the state, connecting Michigan to the rest of the nation and Marquette nearby countries. Although Sault Ste. Marie MDOT does not oversee pipeline infrastructure, it maintains a list of petroleum pipeline terminals in the state. These sites are major genera- Escanaba tors of petroleum movements, and keeping updated informa- Alpena tion benefits the department’s freight modeling efforts by allowing for the simulation of Traverse City origin/destination patterns on state highway infrastructure. The following map shows pipeline terminal locations.

Saginaw

Grand Rapids Legend Flint County TrunkLine Lansing PETROLEUM TERMINALS Refinery Kalamazoo Jackson Detroit Marine Terminals Ann Pipeline Terminals Arbor

Source: Internal Revenue Service 10 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Public versus Private Infrastructure The decisions about which mode to use are made by the private sector companies that are handling the freight, but the infrastructure on which they travel can be public, private, or a combination of the two as illustrated in the case of marine infrastructure, where the waterways are public and the marine terminals are privately owned. Coordination between the public and private sectors is essential to ensuring optimal productivity and economic activity. Below is a chart summarizing the modes and infrastructure ownership.

Mode Infrastructure Freight Service

Highway Public Private

Rail Public and Private Private

Marine Public and Private Private

Air Public Private

Pipeline Private Private

11 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan FREIGHT DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY The following definitions and terminology are focused on freight modes operating in Michigan and are taken from official freight publications from across the nation, including the Freight-Rail Bottom Line Report, Transportation Research Board circulars, and the Great Lakes by the Great Lakes Dredging Team, the online Freight Glossary and Acronyms index provided by FHWA Freight Management and Operations, as well as internal documentation.

This list is by no means exhaustive, but reflects many of the common freight-related terms used throughout the state of Michigan.

General Terminology

Backhaul The process of returning from the original destination point to the point of origin. Bottleneck A section of infrastructure that experiences operational problems such as congestion.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Breakbulk Cargo Cargo of non-uniform sizes, often transported on pallets, stacks, drums or bags. Labor-intensive loading and unloading required. Examples include coffee beans, logs, and wood pulp. Cargo that is in a loose unpackaged form. Examples include coal, grain, and petroleum products. Carrier A company that transports goods or people via land, sea, or air. An item that is traded in commerce. Michigan’s major commodities by tonnage are: • Rail (coal, chemical products, metallic ores, transportation equipment), • Marine (nonmetallic minerals, coal, metallic ores, clay/concrete/glass/stone), • Truck (nonmetallic ores, farm products, food products, chemical products). 12 Consignee The receiver of a shipment. Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Container A sealed metal box, generally measuring 8 feet (2.4 meters) in height, and with lengths varying from 20 feet to 45 feet (6 meters to 14 meters), used interchangeably among modes for transporting cargoes.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Customs Broker A licensed professional agent for an importer or exporter that prepares and submits all documents for clearing goods through customs. Drayage Transporting of rail or ocean freight by truck to an intermediate or final destination over a short distance (e.g., from marine terminal to warehouse). Free Trade Zone (FTZ) An area or zone set aside at or near a port or airport, under the control of the U.S. Customs Service, for holding goods duty-free pending customs clearance. There are seven Michigan cities that contain FTZs. Freight Any good, product, or raw material carried by a commercial means of transportation, including air, highway, rail, water, and pipeline. Freight Forwarder An individual acting as an agent on behalf of a shipper, involved in consolidations from several shippers and in coordinating booking reservations. Integrated Packages Moved door-to-door by one company, such as UPS or FedEx, using company-owned vehicles or aircraft. A location where links between different Intermodal Terminal transportation modes and networks connect. Source: MDOT Photography Unit

13 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Logistics All activities involved in the management of product movement. Receiving The function encompassing the physical receipt of the material, the inspection of the shipment for conformance with the purchase order, the identification and delivery to destination, and the preparation of receiving reports. Reliability Refers to the degree of certainty and predictability in travel times on the transportation system. Shipper Party that tenders goods for transportation. Supply Chain Suppliers in the manufacturing process. All the manufacturers and suppliers who provide the parts that make up a particular product. The chain begins with unprocessed raw materials and ends with final customer using the finished goods. Third-Party Logistics (3PL) A firm that provides service to its customers of outsourced (or “third party”) logistics services for part or all of their supply chain management functions. Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customers’ needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.

Ton As a unit of cubic capacity, 1 ton equals 100 cubic feet. • Metric Ton - A unit of weight equivalent to 2,204.6 pounds. • Long Ton - A unit of weight equivalent to 2,240 pounds. • Short Ton - A unit of weight equivalent to 2,000 pounds.

Ton-Mile A measure of output for freight transportation; reflects weight of a shipment and the distance hauled; a multiplication of tons hauled by the distance traveled.

Transload To transfer from one mode of transportation to another. Transload facilities may require a storage facility, such as a warehouse or railyard.

Transportation, Distribution, A broad industry sector responsible for managing the flow of goods, information, and people between a point of origin and a point of consumption in order to meet the and Logistics (TDL) requirements of consumers.

Twenty-Foot Equivalent The 8-foot by 8-foot by 20-foot used as a basic measure and is the standard measure for containerized cargo. 14 Unit (TEU) Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Trucking Terminology

Average Annual Daily The total volume of truck traffic on a highway segment for one year, divided by the number of days Truck Traffic (AADTT) in a year. Chassis An undercarriage with wheels constructed to accommodate containers as they move over the road. Commercial Vehicle All motor vehicles used in the transportation of passengers for hire or constructed for transportation of goods, wares, or merchandise.

Gross Vehicle Weight The weight of the vehicle or combination of vehicles, fully equipped for service, plus the weight of the maximum load. Heavy-Duty Truck A motor vehicle or combination of vehicles operated as a unit that has a combined weight that is greater than 26,000 pounds, typically 32,000 pounds in Michigan.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Hours of Service Ruling that stipulates the amount of time that a truck driver is allotted to work. International Fuel Tax An agreement among states and Canadian provinces to simplify the reporting of fuel use taxes by interstate motor carriers, to determine the net tax or refund due and to redistribute taxes from Agreement (IFTA) collecting states to states where the trucks were in operation.

International Registration A registration reciprocity agreement among states of the United States, the District of Columbia and Plan (IRP) provinces of Canada that allows each state to receive a share of the motor vehicle registration fee based on the total distance operated within each respective state or province. 15 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) A container or trailer loaded with cargo from more than one shipper; loads that do not by themselves meet the container load or truckload requirements. Level of Service (LOS) A qualitative assessment of a road’s operating condition that indicates the capacity per unit of demand for each public facility. Longer Combination Truck configurations whose length and width dimensions exceed the size of more conventional Vehicles (LCVs) truck-and-trailer or tractor-semitrailer combinations. Medium-Duty Truck A commercial motor vehicle or combination of vehicles that has a combined weight that is greater than 10,000 pounds but less than or equal to 26,000 pounds. This is the most common type of commercial vehicle in Michigan, with 47,260 registrations in 2013, about 39 percent of all Michigan-registered trucks.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Michigan Weight Law Truck A commercial vehicle capable of carrying between 80,000 and 164,000 pounds on up to 11 axles. There are a total of 12,986 registrations of this vehicle type in Michigan, about 11 percent of all Michigan-registered trucks.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

16 MILEAGE TABLE Approximately 35,000 maps were produced at a cost of $5,746.80 or $0.16 per copy. Approximate Distance via Interstate, U.S. and State Highways Mileage is from Center of City to Center of City © Copyright State of Michigan 2015 All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper

22 26 20 41 Harbor ONTARIO Eagle River Delaware 2 Central MICHIGAN Phoenix 41 7 26 Ahmeek 2 K E W E E N A W Mohawk

Calumet 5 203 Laurium 4

41 Lake 7 Linden 18 12 Ripley 26 WISCONSIN Hancock MICHIGAN 4 Houghton Dollar 5 Bay S U South Range E P 8 K E 8 Y R Toivola Chassell A A B I 8 W L H O U G H T O N A O 41 N 7 E Twin E Lakes 26 R Ontonagon W 8 12 E K 64 9 38 Green 14 12 CENTRAL TIME ZONE Silver City

EASTERN TIME ZONE 5 3 10 45 Mass City 6 8 White 2 38 4 Pine 4 Baraga 26 Nisula L’Anse WHI TEFISH 64 Rockland BAY 13 B A R A G A 41 552 14 O N T O N A G O N 17 H Alberta 58 17 Bergland Grand 12 G O G E B I C 4 Marais Paradise 4 4 15 MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE WELCOME CENTER Bruce 4 77 Thomaston 5 28 Crossing Covington 141 28 41 M A R Q U E T T E (TOLL) 2 28 H 18 Marquette 16 11 L UCE 8 Ewen 5 9 7 13 5 Sidnaw 41 25 169 1 7 2 Wakefield 45 Michigamme 4 MICHIGAN 550 6 9 10 Negaunee 4 28 6 WELCOME CENTER ALGER Bessemer 13 11 28 123 565 122 12 553 15 123 B.R. Kenton 41 5 10 11 2 2 16 Trout 28 B.R. 28 Sault Ste. Marie 3 Sugar Ironwood 9 Creek 28 H 22 2 64 35 58 I Paulding Deerton H MICHIGAN 2 77 Ishpeming 11 37 WELCOME CENTER 12 H 12 Palmer 28 11 7 CANADA Marenisco 6 75

Republic 13' 9" 16 26 13 H Au Train 221 Brimley 129

5 17 11 Skandia 01 H Munising H Raco 7 7 386 51 11 1 03 15 16 10 94 Chatham Newberry 3 2 5 10 Shingleton 28 Dafter 638

141 18 94 19 Seney McMillan 64 94 16 28 13 11

4 5 20 129 553 41 7 H 10 13 548 8 8

3 01 28 H H C H I P P E W A H 546 11 Neebish

Watersmeet H I R O N 13 8 33 63 379 BRIDGE AND 16 12 H I Gwinn H 44 8 W IS C O N S IN 15 9 44 5 80 8 11 Amasa SCH OOLCRAFT 123 Rudyard 378 TUNNEL TOLLS 67 Germfask 4 45 373 ST. JOSEPH 5 H H 117 Trout 3 9 42 48 ISLAND MACKINAC BRIDGE TOLL 12 05 Lake 9 10 48 2 18 95 Trenary H H 40 40 Steuben 10 6 (Mackinaw City to St. Ignace) 35 H Pickford 906-643-7600 McFarland 77 33 Channing Ozark 4 17

15 9 Engadine 75 River 4 Passenger Vehicle ...... $4.00 Crystal Falls Blaney H 11 45 63 2 13 Park 17 6 Passenger Vehicle w/Trailer (per axle) ...... 2.00 17 2 69 35 129 73 Caspian Sagola Rock M A C K I N A C Motor Home (per axle)...... 5.00 8 19 94 Naubinway 22 48

11 8 2 13 359 Semi-Tractor/Trailer (per axle) ...... 5.00 Gaastra 14 9 Goetzville 6 D I C K I N S O N 189 2 8 D E L T A 134 Motorcycle ...... 4.00 19 Brevort Hessel De Tour Drummond 141 12 123 3 Cedarville DRUMMOND 7 6 Village 5 Moran 6 Commuter Card Available 8 134 ISLAND Randville Perkins 41 149 13 134 10 See www.michigan.gov/mba for more information 70 Felch 3 Hardwood Gulliver H 4 8 95 5 H 57 139 Foster 13 11 2 City Rapid 352 6 2 14 69 8 River Manistique COCKBURN 10 20 green and gold have been designated 70 141 8 INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE TOLL Merriman Cooks11 13' 11" ISLAND 13' 6" 6 13 4 5 Mackinac Island (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario) for operation of the following combination: MICHIGAN La Branche 2 Thompson 348 WELCOME CENTER 6 185 G Ensign Garden 2 M-185 NO MOTOR VEHICLES ALLOWED ON MACKINAC ISLAND False Detour Channel 906-635-5255 ext. 0 Iron 69 Isabella 75 10 Corners Gladstone De Noc

Passenger Vehicle ...... $3.50 Mountain 3 9 St. MICHIGAN 8 Kingsford Ignace WELCOME CENTER MAP EXPLANATION Recreational Vehicle (per axle)...... 3.00 NATIONAL TRUCK NETWORK 2 MACKINAC BRIDGE (TOLL) Norway 9 Commercial and Buses (per axle) ...... 4.50 41 183 Mackinac 8 BIG BAY Straits of 6 HIGHWAY MARKERS SPECIAL DESIGNATED HIGHWAYS 141 8 35 tl e Ba y Mackinaw City Commuter Card Available 2 5 5 9 339 Bois Blanc INTERSTATE U.S. ROUTE or B.R. COUNTY 9 Lit DE NOC Garden See www.michigan.gov/iba for details & exceptions Waucedah Cunard 338 Island ROUTE (B.R. - Route) NUMBERED WIDTH 3 15 9 Escanaba St. James ROUTE 2 13 C 102" including load. 4 336 INTERSTATE STATE ROUTE or B.R. (Cross County 41 81 78 AMBASSADOR BRIDGE TOLL Bark River Fayette BUSINESS (B.R. - Business Route) Signing) Powers Harris Carp 23 Cheboygan 6 (Loop or Spur) (Detroit, Michigan to Windsor, Ontario) LENGTH Lake 22 L C 877-680-6446 BEAVER 66 14 Truck tractor, semi-trailer or truck tractor and 2 semi-trailers; no overall length limitation providing the length of C HIGHWAY ROUTES Passenger Vehicle (Incl. Driver and Passengers) ...... $5.00 41 ISLAND 66 326 A each semi-trailer including load does not exceed 28' 6" or the overall length of the semi-trailer and trailer or 18 Cross Village Nadeau 31 C 27 Passenger Vehicle w/Trailer ...... 10.00 64 F ALL SEASON ROUTES G C 05 26

2 10 Commercial Vehicle, Truck, Semi-Tractor/Trailer 18 77 322 K (NO SEASONAL LOAD LIMITATIONS) units are coupled together does not exceed length of 58', including load. Summer I Pellston C 16 (Incl. Driver and Passengers) 27 64

11 OPEN TO LEGAL AXLE LOADS Class A: 0 - 36,000 lbs. (per axle) ...... $3.50 EMMET 27 Aloha (8 ft. or narrower except as provided by MCLA section 257.717) Semi-trailer length 53' when operating in a truck tractor and semi-trailer combination: semi-trailers longer than 35 7 E Class B: 36,001 - 54,000 lbs. (per axle) ...... 4.00 119 50' are limited to 3 axles and shall be 37' to 41', measured from kingpin coupling to a single axle or to the center MENO MINEE 212 23 FOR YEAR-ROUND SERVICE Class C: 54,001 - 145,000 lbs. (per axle) ...... 5.50 Daggett C 13' 11" SB 81 33 of the tandem assembly. 10

Wide Loads: 9 - 14 ft. (plus axle charge) ...... 60.00 4 11 02 (8' 6" width maximum) (EXCEPT AS POSTED) Cedar 313 4 Rogers City

Bus (Incl. Driver and Passengers) ...... 10.00 River 8 Indian 5 Stephenson Alanson 3 Truck and trailer or semi-trailer limited to an overall combination length of 65' including load. G G Harbor Springs River 11 UNSIGNED STATE HIGHWAY* Motorcycle (Incl. Driver and Passengers)...... 5.00 12 12 68 B.R.

211 23 6 Little Traverse Motorcycle w/Trailer ...... 10.00 3 310 68 9 Truck and trailer or semi-trailer: designed and used to transport saw logs, pulpwood, and free length poles. Bay 33 11 SEASONAL ROUTES Commuter Card Available 17 11 8 6 Overall length not to exceed 70' including load. 31 Petoskey 68 Onaway

8 (SPRING LOAD LIMITATIONS) See www.ambassadorbridge.com for details & exceptions Wallace 25 Bay Tower 23 Y Shore C P R E S Q U E In compliance with federal requirements, motor vehicles wholly or partially assembled transported by utilizing 180 Charlevoix 5 RIGID PAVEMENT 71 CHEBOYGAN 11 131 C I S L E 18 (8 ft. or narrower except as provided by MCLA section 257.717) 1 tow bar or 3 saddle mounts with full mount mechanisms and using the motive power of 1 vehicle: not to exceed 41 58 Posen DETROIT-WINDSOR TUNNEL TOLL 42 301 35 CH ARLEVOIX Wolverine (Detroit, Michigan to Windsor, Ontario) a total length of 97'. 15 A F FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT 9 66 75 33 21 4 313-567-4422, ext. 219 N 7 7 75 The total gross weight of any such vehicle or combination of vehicles shall not exceed a ratio of 400 lbs. per 13 Passenger Vehicle ...... $4.75 Boyne COUNTY ROADS City 75 6 C w/Trailer in Tow ...... 7.00 B 31 48 COUNTY NUMBERED ROUTE Boyne Falls 290 Truck (Incl. Driver) and Tractor/Trailer C 28 10 A 7 201 East 48 16 12 Gross weight per 100 lbs. 0.030...... (min.) 4.75 Menominee GRAND 7 C Vanderbilt MONTMORENCY OTHER Jordan 73 65 Northport Eastport 131 Full 140 Partial Bus ...... 8.50 64 57 18 Alpena TABLE OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE GROSS LOADINGS 22 OT SEGO 14 Lachine HIGHWAY ROUTE (With Exit Number) (Detroit to Windsor) 4.75 (Windsor to Detroit) 4.50 TRAVERSE 6 32 Hillman 9 16 Interchanges 41 G Central Lake 13 32 (Entrance and Exit only at Interchanges) Tunnel Bus ...... (each way) 4.00 13 N 12 MICHIGAN 66 Gaylord F 12 Motorcycles ...... Prohibited Normal Loadings when Seasonal Seasonal Load Limitations 88 282 44 Thunder WELCOME CENTER 12 BAY 9 Bay MILEAGE BETWEEN RED DOTS Leland 14 6 10 See www.dwtunnel.com for details & exceptions Load Limitations are Not in Force (Speed Limit 35 mph) 42 C F 32

16 AN TRIM 75 I 42 42 13 Spacing Between E 7 279 5 Vienna Atlanta 65 EXPLANATION OF ROAD TYPES Rigid Flexible 204 Old 15 Johannesburg 23 Axles Vehicles Exceeding +Vehicles 80,000 lbs. Mission Bellaire BLUE WATER BRIDGE TOLL Suttons 10 RIGID PAVEMENTS 80,000 lbs. (Or under) Bridge (25% Reduction) (35% Reduction) F Ossineke (Port Huron, Michigan to Sarnia, Ontario) E Glen 22 Bay 11 Otsego 01 Concrete, Bituminous Concrete, Haven 16 Elk Lake F 33 A L P E N A Gross Weight Formula Gross Weight 37 C 4 810-984-3131 15 38 Brick or other Surfaces on a Concrete Base H Rapids 38 22 Mancelona Passenger Vehicle ...... $3.00 4 270 9' or over 18,000 lbs. 20,000 lbs. 13,500 lbs. 11,700 lbs. 4 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS (Commuter tokens, pkg. of 20, sold on Canadian side only, $45.00) R 109 6

4 16 Bituminous Concrete, Sheet Asphalt or other Trailer (per axle) ...... 3.00 31 23 3 1/2' or more but less 2 LEELANAU 18 131 26 Bituminous Surfaces on a Gravel or similar type base C Empire West Arm Barker C R A W F O R D Commercial tolls will increase as follows: Truck & Bus 13,000 lbs. N/A 9,750 lbs. 8,450 lbs. East Arm G 72 Creek than 9' 57 22 9 Comins

3

(1 ton rating & up, or over 11 passengers) (per axle) ....3.25 5 17 264 F MAP SYMBOLS NOTE: SIDEWALK CURRENTLY CLOSED ...... 00 3 72 66 97 A L C O N A 6 Williamsburg 93 O S C O D A 4 When part of a tandem Traverse City Fairview 8 F OVERHEAD CLEARANCE SCENIC TURNOUT See www.michigan.gov/bluewaterbridge for details & exceptions *16,000 lbs. 34,000 lbs. on tandem **12,000 lbs. ***10,400 lbs. I 259 F Curran 41 13' 11" axle assembly 20 Kalkaska 27 32 72

42 37 4 9 7 5 BRIDGE WITH SPECIAL 22 8 72 1S ROADSIDE PARK BENZIE 31 75 256 Harrisville LOAD LIMITS The Ambassador Bridge and Windsor Tunnel are privately When less than 3 1/2' 9,000 lbs. N/A 6,750 lbs. 5,850 lbs. G RAND F 22 6 13 Interlochen 6 Grayling 15 32 72 owned and operated. Tolls on the Blue Water Bridge are im- Beulah 31 SAFETY TURNOUT REST AREA 14 K ALK ASKA 72 7 Honor TRA VERSE 2 Mio Frankfort 115 254 11 posed by the Canadian government and the state of Michigan. Maximum load on any wheel 3 REST AREA WITH FAMILY M 137 15 COUNTY LINE 5 6 186 93 The above tolls are based on U.S. currency – except where Benzonia F BATHROOM FACILITY Elberta 6 shall not exceed (pounds 700 lbs. 700 lbs. 525 lbs. 450 lbs. 2 Luzerne 12 251 30 otherwise indicated – and are subject to change. Information per inch of tire width) 113 2 Fife Lake 33 RAIL-PASSENGER SERVICE WELCOME CENTER Kingsley 75 18 Glennie 23 & REST AREA**

5 5 on this map is presumed to be accurate at time of printing. 54 8 249 6 10 113 4 27 Thompsonville 6 4 75 OTHER RAIL WELCOME CENTER & REST +Gross vehicle weight may not exceed 80,000 lbs. and the following: An overall gross weight on a group of 206 4 15 P AREA WITH PLAY AREA** 4 244 65 LN Arcadia Buckley 5 Roscommon STATE CAPITOL-LANSING FERRIES THAT ACCOMMODATE two or more consecutive axles equaling: W = 500 ( + 12N + 36) 31 18 MICHIGAN WELCOME CENTERS 6 COMMERCIAL TRUCKS*** 26 N-1 10 23 Copemish B.R. M I S S A U K E E 127 6 8 11 115 Travel directions, information, maps, literature on attractions 131 8 239 CITY 29 COMMERCIAL HARBOR and activities, free telephone reservation service. 6 Oscoda Manton 66 201 F Rose City Where W = overall gross weight on a group of 2 or more consecutive axles to the nearest 500 lbs., 22 Bear Lake 191 18 RESTRICTED Lower Peninsula Upper Peninsula 12 28 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ROUTE US-127 Clare • US-23 Dundee • I-69 Coldwater US-2/141 Iron Mountain • US-2 Ironwood L = distance in feet between the extreme of a group of 2 or more consecutive axles, and N = number of axles Mesick 42 ROUNDABOUT Onekama 12 (For type of restrictions go to: 12 I O S C O 9 www:michigan.gov/truckers) I-75 Detroit • I-75 Mackinaw City • I-75 Monroe US-41 Marquette • US-41 Menominee in the group under consideration except the 2 consecutive sets of tandem axles may carry a gross load of 42 B O G E M A W 15 20 227 I-94 New Buffalo • I-69 Port Huron/Capac I-75 Sault Ste. Marie • I-75 St. Ignace 115 55 9 ' 37 18 Houghton 157 222 (See MDOT Form T-1 for other allowable truck loading and dimensions.) 11 Brethren Lake City A 194 Lake 12 East Tawas 8 B.R. 55 West Branch 15 apart, and the gross vehicle weight does not exceed 80,000 lbs. including all enforcement tolerances. Except *Unsigned state highways are under MDOT jurisdiction. Their original statewide purpose CENTRAL TIME ZONE 183 5 16 15 131 5 7 8 55 EASTERN TIME ZONE 55 is now served by alternate MDOT routes. MDOT intends to transfer the routes to local 3 Prudenville Tawas for 5-axle truck tractor, semi-trailer combinations having 2 consecutive sets of tandem axles, vehicles having a MANIS TEE 8 215 agencies at the appropriate time. For more information, please contact an 147 55 189 2 City Manistee Eastlake WEXF ORD 3 75 Whittemore MDOT Transportation Service Center. gross weight in excess of 80,000 lbs. or in excess of the vehicle gross weight determined by application of the 26 180 23 43 55 18 3 **Accessible to people with disabilities 212 10 55 R O S C O M M O N 11 65 177Cadillac 19 ***Please see www.michigan.gov/ferries for more information regarding specific companies. Wellston 176 Alabaster 7 28 4 F 30 33

when Limitations are Not in Force). McBain 18 18 310 H

16 A vehicle or combination of vehicles when operating within 5 miles from a “Special Designated Highway” for 66 F 202 Alger 127 97 115 Marion Twining 27 31 Tustin 32 12 168 18 B.R. A R E N A C Limits” table above when the route being traveled is under seasonal load limitations. 151 Manitowoc 127 18 16 16 23 176 75 23 Sterling U 30 Au Gres Port 131 19 7 6 17

*On any legal combination of vehicles, only 1 tandem axle assembly shall be permitted at the gross weight of 116 61 195 9 Austin 7 9 MASON 16,000 lbs. per axle and no other tandem axle assembly in such combination of vehicles should exceed a gross 42 LAKE 162 Harrison 170 25 OSCEOLA 15 6 18 190 3 Standish 53 17 61 Kinde Port Hope weight of 13,000 lbs. per axle. On a combination of truck tractor and semi-trailer not having more than 5 axles, Custer 159 29 2 5 10 4 5 C L A R E Gladwin 4 10 9 load, 2 tandem axle assemblies shall be permitted at a gross weight of 16,000 lbs. per axle, if there is no other E Ludington 31 188 Caseville R 170 10 10 Scottville Walhalla 8 8

axle within 9' feet of any axle of the assembly. Branch 3 B.R. 6 115 166 Baldwin 11 Reed Evart MICHIGAN 8 10 G L A D W I N 31 10 9 WELCOME CENTER City 27 Harbor Beach **On any legal combination of vehicles, only 1 tandem axle assembly shall be permitted at the gross weight of 31 14 13 7 85 168 Pinconning H U R O N Chase 10 Beaverton 22 153 4 181 Bay Port Pigeon 11 89 142 13 6 21 K B.R. 12,000 lbs. per axle and no other tandem axle assembly in such combination of vehicles shall exceed a gross 82 160 95 62 15 O 9 5 3 B.R. 10 18 142 weight of 9,750 lbs. per axle. On a combination of truck tractor and semi-trailer not having more than 5 axles, 42 31 115 158 23 S A G I N A W Elkton 37 15 53 Bad

158 7 4 Clare 103 7 BAY Axe 2 consecutive tandem axle assemblies shall be permitted at a gross weight of 12,000 lbs. per axle, if there is no 98 18 B A Y 25 5 B.R. B.R. 156 25 Pentwater Lilley 4 15 other axle within 9' of any axle of the assembly. 154 131 Barryton 127 Sebewaing 13 173 A B 142 ADDITIONAL TRUCKING INFORMATION AND RESOURCES: Coleman Ubly N 96 I S A B E L L A 13 17 OCEANA 4 7

***On any legal combination of vehicles, only 1 tandem axle assembly shall be permitted at the gross weight of Hart 109 10 4 Michigan Trucking Michigan Center 18 Rosebush 114 75 43 Big Rapids 149 247 10,400 lbs. per axle and no other tandem axle assembly in such combination of vehicles shall exceed a gross 149 3 11 7 19 Forestville 139 Association for Truck Safety NEWAYGO 127 Sanford 116 119 Unionville weight of 8,450 lbs. per axle. On a combination of truck tractor and semi-trailer not having more than 5 axles, 20 66 30 6 168 L B.R. Mount 75

1131 Centennial Way 1131 Centennial Way, Suite 2 15 144

3 10 12 31 7 24 122 Essexville 2 consecutive tandem axle assemblies shall be permitted at a gross weight of 10,400 lbs. per axle, if there is no MICHI GAN Auburn 164 WISCONSIN Pleasant 26 128 12 20 4 14 Lansing, MI 48917 Lansing, MI 48917 131 19 130 11 162 6 81 Cass Argyle other axle within 9' of any axle of the assembly. 144 Mecosta 143 10 25 Akron 20 5 10 B 3 Midland 129 134 City 517-321-1951 800-682-4682 6 B.R. 132 137 BAY Quanicassee 18 15 14 Remus 12 18 7 20 13 131 139 10 CITY 24 13 www.mitrucking.org www.truckingsafety.org 140 Hesperia 20 13' 7" B.R. 19 20 S A N I L A C New White Cloud 135 155 138 8 MECOSTA 127 8 31 Era M I D L A N D Fairgrove Forester 5

13 10 120 13 15 6 10

9 Shepherd 12 Caro Hemans

TABLE OF BRIDGES WITH SPECIAL LOAD LIMITS 125 47 84 13

136 7 153 Reese 16 7 Port Sanilac B 5 Fremont 10 Sandusky 8 46 86 81 6 5 Gross Weight B.R. 131 15 Kingston 8 www.michigan.gov/drive 3 58 Carsonville 31 3 12 Lakeview 6 149 26 Map on which B 10 46 4 B St. Louis 9 3 46 (in Tons) 23 Newaygo 120 21 127 27 46 46 128 11 Information regarding oversize/overweight active Map 5 17 82 2 53

Montague 16 Vassar 12 Bridge No. Trunkline Location they can 5 Merrill Lakewood A B.R. Breckenridge SAGINAW 13 83 T U S C O L A construction restrictions: No. Whitehall 120 B 82 Howard Edmore 124 52 Watertown 1* 2** 3*** 126 Club 35 118 123 127 be found B 37 City 25 Marlette www.michigan.gov/truckers 46 MONTC ALM Alma 144 14 Units Units Units 10 31 B.R. Fran kenmuth Mayville 17 19

Grant 114 91 127 Croswell 121 23 14 119 16 Lexington The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration prohibits 8 8 13 83 24 14 1S 82073-S01 M-85 Fort Street 38 47 52 Detroit (see reverse) MUSKEGON Stanton St. Charles 54 Peck 90 14 Ithaca commercial truck and bus drivers from texting with any hand- 117 Millington North Langston 16

118 7 North Muskegon 110 S A G I N A W 136 2 15 12 Branch 3 held cell phone or other device that takes a driver’s attention 2S 82073-S02 M-85 Fort Street 38 47 52 Detroit (see reverse) 116 B 6 66 GRATIOT 17 8 35 Birch 90 90

114 22 Cedar 19 6 Run off the road. Any truck or bus driver cited for violating this 46 131 75 5 Brown

MUSKEGON B.R. Kent City 15 Springs 18 6

Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan 5 Sheridan 127 City Maximum number of position of trucks allowed on bridge at any time as indicated 31 113 Casnovia 46 Ashley 10 3 Chesaning 10 Otisville federal regulation is subject to a penalty of up to $2,750. 104 10 8 131 3 57 112 B 2 L A P E E R Roosevelt Park 3 11 9 6 4 6 57 BLUE WATER

72 17 14 For more information, go to www.fmcsa.dot.gov; click on the *Single truck or bus 7 31 101 9 57 Montrose Clio Yale 25 BRIDGE (TOLL)

Muskegon Heights B Sparta 57 Perrinton 109 Oakley

15 1 10 **Truck and trailer or tractor and semi-trailer 110 9 72 Carson 5 11 “Rules & Regulations” link. Norton Shores Greenville 4 G E N E S E E 4 19 6 City 109 Fruitport Rockford 7 126 16 13 ***Tractor, semi-trailer and trailer 107 5 13 54

13 S T C L A I R Parking on limited access highway shoulders and ramps is 97 125 13' 8" 13' 7" 18 7 136

12 Port 105 37 95 15 3 Belding 12 Ferrysburg 7 44 10 13 Lapeer Huron dangerous and illegal. 104 Coopersville Imlay 6 2 122 155 104B 6 S H I A W A S S E E For current seasonal weight restriction information, please call the Michigan Department of Transportation A 14 4 Davison City MICHIGAN 96 15 FLINT 14 Capac Grand Haven Spring 10 91 KENT 13 23 7 69 10 Emmett WELCOME CENTER Freeway rest areas, carpool parking lots, and roadside parks Lake 16 99 153 at 800-787-8960 or visit the Web at: www.michigan.gov/truckers 6 4 4 69 8 19 9 163 4 7 96 Ovid 13 143 145 149 159 16 15 5 St. Johns 21 7 168 were not designed for long-term or overnight stopovers. Please 23 44 Muir 27 Pewamo 17 176 69 194 24 26 28 3 13' 6" WB Ionia 21 Burton 184 21 3 2 Corunna 128 131 475 24 53 180 189 5 Fowler

Walker 5 6 Owosso 15 5 17 make arrangements for long stops at a more appropriate 6 5 123 54 8 21 13' 8" EB 71 10 10 Grand 10 19 45 Lyons Marysville 5 B.R. 5 Blanc 10 off-highway location. 4 196 E. Metamora 266 TABLE OF STRUCTURES WITH OVERHEAD CLEARANCES 21 28 127 Swartz 90 Almont Memphis Grand 44 5 Lowell IO NIA Goodrich 11 91 Vernon 118 Creek 88 Grandville 12 Rapids 43 8 113 262

For use in accordance with the provisions of Michigan highway Saranac 12 13 109 11 C L I N T O N 27 3 66 127 13 Durand 106 94 laws governing vehicle size, weight and load. LESS THAN 14' 0" (LEGAL HEIGHT 13' 6") OTTAWA Kentwood GRAND RAPIDS 64 Portland 84 Ortonville 5 Wyoming MACOMB 94 7 52 15 67 19 73 121 64 67 37 96 86 69 Armada St.

DeWitt 8

5 75 31 9 8 7 4 59 105 23 15 Clair 196 6 101 257 (See Reverse for Detroit and Vicinity) 196 76 77 B 82A 11 17 INFORMATION SUBJECT TO CHANGE 62 77 6 96 87 Lake Richmond Zeeland 50 84 7 98 Perry 79 Holly O A K L A N D Orion 76 Lake 86 84 92 Romeo 35 23 4 89 69 6 78 98 Holland 5 74 Odessa 85 Marine Structure Overhead 55 Eagle 69 Fenton 91 Clarkston 52 Caledonia Mulliken 5 90 96 7 127 94 77 New Haven City Trunkline Location 72 18 24 69 5 6 248 Number Clearance 13' 11" NB 43 4 8 East 13 75 93 89 7 93 75 84 6 Sunfield Lansing 52 83 15 18 Grand Rochester 4 49 4 5 43 496 43 24 Macomb 247 29 13' 9" NB 68 Ledge 95 Williamston 13'L I11" V I N EB G S T O N 81 44 13 Woodland 50 97 76 143 16 79 New M-51 S01-11101 Under US-12, 0.8 Mi. S. of Niles 196 131 20Middleville 72 150 100 7 Webberville Baltimore 13' 8" SB A 66 Fowlerville 70 75 3 Algonac 41 Wayland 4 101 5 106 Utica 37 64 37 Saugatuck 2 E A T O N 19 8 70 98 96 11 59 40 Hastings 110 117 122 96 13 59 Auburn

11 PONTIAC 11 61 67 Milford Mount US-12 S05-81063 Ford Dr. 0.5 Mi. W. of Wayne Co. Line 13' 8" Douglas 17 179 Potterville Dimondale 70 6 LANSING 52 24 Hills 31 A 129 Howell Union Sterling Clemens 42 13 133 8 36 6 7 Lake Heights Fennville 7 43 79 66 West 154 14 Nashville 13' 11" 96 8 89 Charlotte Mason 137 8 53 US-12 S04-81063 Wiard Rd. 1.4 Mi. W. of Wayne Co. Line 13' 10" 34 59 66 Bloomfield 75 16 61 15 Dansville 140 7 97 79 12 36 141 Walled 24 1 ALLEGAN 9 Eaton 64 151 WARREN 10 50 145 60 5 Lake Department of Transportation 69 Rapids 3 D Royal L A K E 222 22 60 10 696 13' 10" NB Martin I N G H A M 8 19 Brighton 96 Wixom Oak A publication managed by MDOT that includes US-23 S10-81075 8 Mile @ Livingston Co. Line WISCONSIN 55 61 S. Lyon 696 S T . C L A I R 30 Allegan 57 13' 9" SB 12 9 36 6 58 3 6 B ARRY Roseville 21 32 Novi Southfield St. Clair ILLINOIS 102 26 89 Otsego 69 99 5 36 19 55 13' 10" NB SEE REVERSE FOR DETROIT 50 15 Leslie Northville 5 Shores 16 106 US-23 S05-81075 Warren Rd. US-23 0.5 Mi. S. of M-14 13' 10" Plainwell Bellevue 51 188 Stockbridge 54 1 METRO AREA MAP AND Michigan Truck 14 56 Pinckney Hamtramck 94 37 50 13' 9" SB 10 OVERHEAD CLEARANCES 49 78 Olivet 53 22 89 48 LIVONIA 5 8 40 12 Plymouth 131 19 14 9 50 75 US-23 S09-81103 Over US-23 SB @ W. Split of US-23 & M-14 13' 11" NB South Haven 20 20 127 13' 10" NB 96 AMBASSADOR BRIDGE/

3 Springport D 49 196 8 B.R. 66 50 15 14 96 DETROIT DETROIT-WINDSOR TUNNEL (TOLL) 16 10 24 32 24 39 4 44 131 Richland 89 13' 11" NB 23 275 Westland 7 Battle 42 3 42 10 153 I-94 S09-38101 Elm Rd. 1.0 Mi. E. of M-106 in Jackson 13' 10" WB Gobles 43 13' 10" WB 45 2 18 Parchment Augusta Springfield 3 99 106 Chelsea 153 43 21 41 Creek 14 Inkster 11 153 156 12 4 41 DEARBORN information pertaining to operating a truck in the KALAMAZOO 10 96 147 16 157 22 13 Glendale 3 94 110 94 2 38 13' 8" WB 2015 23 94 46 8 39 13' 10" 12 I-94 S08-38101 M-106 and Cooper St. in Jackson 13' 7" EB 43 11 4 Galesburg 96 4 115 167 Covert Bangor 18 94 119 3 121 4 150 159 162 75 196 194 108 130 13315 136 169 35 401 104 2 128 145 94 Allen

VA N BUREN 94 10 112 127 94 17 7 98 10 140 7 94 88 92 95 36 9 180 190 Park 7 78 199 ANN ARBOR Lincoln I-94 S07-38101 Lansing Rd. 0.6 Mi. E. of M-50 in Jackson 13' 8" WB 31 74 75 85 Marshall 124 Parma 94 Taylor

14 Lawrence Paw Paw 66 80 5 7 52 3 77 66 311 Albion 177 187 Romulus Park 7 Hartford 13 72 34 76 69 227 94 36 34 Ypsilanti 56 4 7 60 94 13' 7" EB M-52/M-43 S01-33085 Under I-96, near Webberville 13' 11" EB Coloma 15 Mattawan 31 32 17 23 W A Y N E 11 4 99 Concord 15 Saline 34 Operators Map 17 60 Portage 34 13' 8" 85 Wyandotte MICHIGAN 94 52 15 31 741 46 3 JACKSON Flat 32 3 10 63 7 Lawton 20 I-96 BL B04-33045 Under I-496, Lansing 13' 11" 7 Watervliet C A L H O U N 275 Rock CANADA Benton Harbor 15 10 50 Manchester Truck Operator’s Map 39 51 13 Homer J A C K S O N W A S H T E N A W 27

15 27 state of Michigan, including maximum allowable axle 7 34 Schoolcraft Brooklyn 34 Burlington 25 60 31 33 9 40 12 Milan 20 I-96 S04-19022 Under M-100 @ I-96, W. of Lansing 13' 11" EB St. Joseph 140 127 124 24 139 30 24 8 152 Decatur KAL AMAZOO Athens 11 13 25 94 99 5 75 5 29 7 Clinton 23 4 MICHIGAN Shoreham 13 Union Litchfield 17 22 US-131 S01-41131 100th St. 1.0 Mi. N. of Allegan Co. Line 13' 11" 10 28 22 66 50 12 WELCOME CENTER 12 2 27 5 9 60 City 15 12 Tecumseh 216 Mendon 10 19 23 Marcellus 16 49 M O N R O E 20 Stevensville Eau 12 18 Dowagiac Addison 18 Estral RR between Kalamazoo Ave. and 13' 6" WB 6 223 52 18 22 139 Claire 8 B.R. 16 21 17 Dundee Beach 15 Britton M-11 X02-41063 41 62 131 66 5 14 Breton Rd. in Grand Rapids 13’ 8” EB 15 Three Colon Allen L E N A W E E 50 125 94 Quincy 8 C ASS 20 Coldwater 4 11 Jonesville Brest Bay 140 Rivers 6 B.R. 9 Berrien 14 9 15 94 14 Centreville 86 223 13 Bridgman Sprgs. 13 12 Vandalia Monroe loadings; highway routes designated as Gold M-54 X01-25072 RR over M-54 0.2 Mi. S. of Court St. in Flint 13' 8" 10 13 14 13 16 8 86 69 49 Hillsdale Cassopolis 60 23 3 11 51 10 34 12 MICHIGAN ONTARIO 20 BERRIEN 131 10 WELCOME CENTER 60 8 Clayton 9 MICHIGAN Toledo 290 15 S T. 34 11 12 21 WELCOME CENTER 125 M-53 X01-44031 RR in Imlay City 13' 7" 12 BRA N C H 19 7 Niles 40 Adrian Blissfield 9 Beach 13 62 Bronson Reading 23 B.R. J OSEPH 10 OHIO MICHIGAN Hudson 13 15 75 60 7 Constantine B.R. 12 6 Buchanan 8 6 5 2 Sturgis WELCOME CENTER M-20 X01-37021 RR in Mt. Pleasant 13' 7" Galien 131 69 13 156 223 Luna 55 New Buffalo 20 Edwardsburg 7 5 Pier 12 12 3 10 24 90 Grand Beach 3 4 10 12 52 2 ILLINOIS MICHIGAN Michiana 4 Three Oaks 12 16 H I L L S D A L E 3 M-27 S04-16091 Under I-75, N. of Indian River 13' 11" SB 1 31 51 62 103 White Pigeon 66 127 5 80 217 80 Camden 99 1 E R I E INDIANA INDIANA 239 MICHIGAN 90 23 90 Morenci 184 L A K E (National Truck Network) or Green (Special Desig- WELCOME CENTER 933 212 39 120 120 M-134 X01-49041 RR 2.3 Mi. W. of Chippewa Co. Line 13' 11" 13' 9" NB 120 108 64 75 327 57 20 20 13' 8" SB 13 827 576 20 20 120 280 2 9 23 25 2 M-28 X01-52081 RR and M-28 BR in Negaunee 13' 9" 933 69 ALT 94 421 2 20 20 294 94 20 31 15 20 108 109 2 80 OHIO 80 75 579 20 90 90 M-35 X01-21032 RR in Gladstone 13' 6" 12 31 20 33 1 ALT 80 INDIANA 23 ALT 90 149 2 331 19 4 5 3 107 20 795 590 19 2 80 6 80 20 64 nated State Highways); All-Season routes and routes 90 35 119 427 576 15 127 66 295 51 MDOT ROUNDABOUTS

 Slow down as you approach the roundabout.  Use the guide signs and lane designation Left Turn Thru Traffic markers to choose the appropriate lane for DETROIT AREA District 2 Headquarters SAFETY BELTS the approach from either direction of an emergency vehicle with WEIGHT RESTRICTIONS the intended destination. MICHIGAN STATE POLICE Taylor ...... 734-287-5000 MICHIGAN LAWS Drivers, front-seat passengers regardless of age, and lights activated. MDOT’s Mi Drive website has vital information for truckers, includ- with seasonal weight restrictions; Michigan laws  Department Headquarters all passengers ages 8 through 15 are required to wear Upon approaching a stationary emergency vehicle with lights acti- ing construction restrictions, permits, and rules and guidelines. Visit Roundabouts are designed to accommodate E. MICHIGAN District 3 Headquarters visit: www.michigan.gov/msp 333 South Grand Ave., Lansing, MI 48933 properly adjusted safety belts. www.michigan.gov/drive and click on the “Truckers” link. trucks and other large vehicles. Flint ...... 810-733-9380 This summary is for general information only. Consult the Michigan vated, drivers shall cautiously move over one or more lanes if safe Telephone/TDD: 517-241-8000 LITTERING IS AGAINST THE LAW  Trucks require more room to turn and may S. MICHIGAN District 1 Headquarters safely, drivers shall maintain a safe speed and proceed with due TEXTING WHILE DRIVING CentraI 800-525-5555 Michigan’s anti-litter law provides that the “DRIVER of a vehicle or A person shall not read, type, or send a text mes- use the mountable truck apron, the raised Lansing ...... 517-322-1912 SPEED LIMITS care and caution. Island Non-freeway statewide speed limit unless otherwise posted ...... 55 mph vessel is PRESUMED RESPONSIBLE FOR LITTER that is thrown, sage while operating a motor vehicle. pavement around the centralized island, District 5 Headquarters dropped, dumped, deposited, placed or left from the vehicle or vessel on Mountable Paw Paw ...... 269-657-6081 Limited access freeway speed limit unless otherwise posted ...... 70 mph WORK ZONE SPEED LIMITS for additional space. Emergencies Only, call 911 Freeway truck and school bus speed limit ...... 60 mph public or private property, or ...”. Watch for signs in work zones: “Where Workers SHARE THE ROAD WITH BICYCLES Truck Apron or the nearest post (on cellular phones call 911) Motorists are reminded that bicyclists are permit-  W. MICHIGAN District 6 Headquarters (if speed limit is 70, otherwise 55) RAILROAD CROSSINGS Present 45.” (In order to be considered “present,” pertaining to trucking; tolling rates and locations; Drivers should be aware of large vehicles Rockford ...... 616-866-6666 Minimum freeway speed...... 55 mph ted to ride on most roadways in Michigan. Bicyclists workers must be protected only by cones or bar- on the approach and within the roundabout. Right Turn Michigan State Police Winter Travel Towing speed for passenger vehicles is the posted speed limit. rels. If they are on the other side of a guardrail, are reminded that, as legal roadway users, they are N. MICHIGAN District 7 Headquarters gates are activated at a railroad crossing, and are prohibited from driving Advisory Network Hotline: 800-381-8477 Drivers also are required to be able to maintain control of their vehicles concrete barrier, or median, the message would  Do not drive next to a truck or try to pass Gaylord ...... 989-705-3800 around crossing gates when they are lowered. and stop within an assured clear distance ahead regardless of the posted not apply.) The speed reduction applies to the im- a bicycle upon a highway or street at less than the existing speed of a truck on the approach or while traveling At all entrances Drive UPPER PENINSULA District 8 Headquarters speed limit. This may mean driving well below the posted limit in inclem- YIELDING TO EMERGENCY VEHICLES mediate vicinity of the worker, not to the entire work overhead clearance; and pavement information. in a roundabout. www.michigan.gov/drive *Information accurate at time of printing Marquette...... 906-225-7030 Drivers are required to immediately pull over to the right and stop upon of the roadway. Owner-Operator Trucking operation in which the owner of the truck is also the driver. Portable Intermittent Truck PITWS are indentations in the pavement, of sufficient size and depth, for which portable scales may be temporarily placed. The PITWS allow CVE officers to weigh trucks on the same plane without Weigh Station (PITWS) elevating the truck through the use of blocking, a very labor-intensive method of weighing trucks. Essentially, scales are placed in the PITWS (cutout), flush with the surrounding pavement, allowing officers to weigh the vehicle by merely having the truck move forward over the scales, thereby weighing each axle efficiently. Private Carrier A carrier that provides transportation service to the firm that owns or leases the vehicles and does not charge a fee. Refrigerated Trailer Designed to control the temperature of perishable freight, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, frozen food and more.

Source: Fleet Equipment

Semi-Trailer A large commercial vehicle that consists of a detachable trailer for hauling freight, with wheels at the rear end, the forward end being supported by the rear of a truck tractor when attached. Also called a tractor-trailer, semi, big rig, or 18-wheeler in the U.S.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit 17 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Standard Interstate A commercial vehicle that adheres to the federal allowable maximum of 80,000 pounds on five axles, Semi-Trailer with four of the axles carrying 17,000 pounds. These vehicles are usable on the All-Season roads on the National Truck Network (also called Gold Routes on the Truck Operators Map).

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Straight Truck Single-unit vehicle containing both the power unit and the trailer. Strategic Highway Network A network of highways that are important to the U.S. strategic defense policy and that provide (STRAHNET) access, continuity, and emergency capabilities for defense purposes. Tractor A large vehicle, or the front section of a truck used to haul heavy loads, with a driving cab, engine, and coupling for trailers.

Source: MDOT

Truck Any of various forms of vehicle for carrying goods and materials, usually consisting of a single self-propelled unit but also often composed of a trailer hauled by a tractor. Truckload (TL) Quantity of freight required to fill a truck, or at a minimum, the amount required to qualify for a truckload rate. Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) Devices that are designed to capture and record axle weights and gross vehicle weights as vehicles drive over a measurement site, and are capable of measuring vehicles traveling at a reduced or 18 normal traffic speed and do not require the vehicle to come to a stop. Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Rail Terminology

Automotive Rack Designed to ship domestic and imported automo- biles, trucks, SUVs and mini-vans.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Boxcar Designed to transport crated or palletized freight of all kinds. are the most common type of rail cars, with a variety of sizes and features.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Bulk Unit Train One of three types of rail service that typically moves very high volumes of a single commodity, such as coal, grain, minerals, or waste. Loaded from shipper to receiver and returned empty. Carload Quantity of freight (in tons) required to fill a railcar; amount normally required for a carload rate. Centerbeam Designed to transport bundled building supplies, a center partition secures the product in place. Class I Railroad A railroad having annual carrier operating revenues of $433.2 million or more. Coil Car Designed for products such as coiled steel, steel plate or high grade ores.

Containers are placed directly on standard . Container-on- (COFC) 19 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Covered Hopper Designed to handle shipments of free-flowing dry bulk commodities. Cars are loaded from the top and product is discharged from the bottom.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Divestiture The sale of property. In Michigan, the State Transportation Preservation Act of 1976 (Act 295 of 1976) created a mechanism to preserve critical rail corridors, including rail rights of way. The objective of this legislation was to return commercially viable rail operations to the private sector, thus minimizing state involvement where not necessary to support the state’s transportation goals. Double-Stack Containers are placed two-high in a special low-profile “.” Flatcar Designs come in a variety of lengths, tonnage and capacities for specialized commodities that are not subject to damage from the elements. Designed to ship heavy bulk commodities that includes scrap metal, aggregates, logs, lumber, etc. Grade Crossing Railroad crossing level with road: a place where a road crosses a railroad or two rail lines cross at the same level. Intermodal Rail service that typically moves truck trailers or containerized goods, including finished consumer goods, refrigerated foods, parts, etc. Roadrailer A highway trailer, or semi-trailer, that is equipped for use in railroad intermodal service.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Interstate Commerce Original federal oversight agency established in 1887 and abolished in 1995. Remaining functions were transferred to the Surface Transportation Board. 20 Commission (ICC) Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Mixed Carload Rail service that typically moves a diverse range of commodities and equipment, including liquid-bulk tank cars, open flatcars, hopper cars, and traditional boxcars. Open Top Hopper Designed to handle heavy dry bulk commodities that are not affected by weather conditions and will flow or discharge through the bottom gates into storage pits. Positive Train Control (PTC) Technologies designed to automatically stop or slow a train before certain crashes caused by human error occur. Refrigerated Designed to control the temperature of perishable freight, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, frozen food and more. Regional Railroad Railroad defined as line-haul railroad operating at least 350 miles of track and/or earns revenue between $40 million and $433.2 million per year. Short Line Railroad Freight railroads that operate less than 350 miles of track and earn less than $40 million per year in revenue. Siding A very short branch off a main railway line with only one point leading onto it. Sidings are used to allow trains to pass one another, to conduct maintenance, or to connect to a single warehouse or loading site. Strategic Rail Corridor An interconnected and continuous rail line network consisting of more than 38,000 miles of track Network (STRACNET) serving more than 170 defense installations. Switching and Provides pick-up and delivery services to line-haul carriers. Terminal Railroad Used to ship compressed or liquid commodities, the majority of tank cars are owned by non-railroad companies.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Trailer-on-Flatcar (TOFC) Over-the-road trailers or containers mounted on truck chassis are placed directly on flatcars. 21 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Marine Terminology

1,000-footer Largest of the ships on the Great Lakes that are only able to operate in the four upper Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie) as they are too large to fit through the St. Lawrence Seaway locks. The largest “1,000-footer” is 1,013 feet in length and 105 feet in width.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Ballast Stone, rock, water, or other material placed in an empty or lightly loaded ship for the purpose of steadying it in rough waters. Barge Unpowered vessel that needs to be towed or pushed by tugboats. Since the 1970s, the U.S. Coast Guard has allowed limited river barge operations in southern Lake Michigan. The U.S. inland river navigation system connects to the Great Lakes navigation system at Chicago. Through this gateway, river barge activity has developed into a significant trade serving in that region.

Source: MDOT

Beneficial Use A general term used to describe alternatives for managing dredged material by focusing on its value as a and not as a waste. Breakwater Structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defense or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather and littoral drift. Cabotage Refers to the Jones Act, also known as the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, section 27, which requires that freight originating at one port in the U.S. and terminating in another port in the U.S. must travel in vessels built in the U.S., owned by U.S. citizens, registered in the U.S., and manned by U.S. citizens.

The buoyed, dredged, and policed fairway through which ships pass. 22 Channel Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Confined Disposal Facility An engineered structure designed to provide the required storage volume for dredged material and to (CDF) meet the required suspended solids in effluent released from the facility. Deep Draft A navigable waterway used by merchant ships with loaded drafts of 14 to 60-plus feet. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway “deep draft” is 26 feet, 6 inches, while ocean “deep draft” is typically 50-plus feet. Dredging Involves periodic removal of accumulated bottom sediments from waterways to maintain adequate depth for safe and efficient vessel operations. It also is used as a way to replenish sand on some public beaches, where sand has been lost because of coastal erosion. Great Lakes St. Lawrence A deep draft waterway extending 2,340 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the head of the Great Lakes, Seaway System in the heart of North America. Includes 13 Canadian and two U.S. locks. Laker Vessel designed to transport dry bulk cargo in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System. Constructed to withstand weather, wave action and ice conditions unique to the Great Lakes.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Littoral Drift Consists of the movement of sediments along a coast at an angle to the shoreline, which is dependent on prevailing wind direction and swash. This process occurs in the littoral zone, and in or close to the surf zone. Lock A channel where the water is raised or lowered to allow boats to travel between water bodies with different elevations.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

23 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Marine Terminals Parcels of land, generally adjacent to the waterway, that have adequate structures and equipment to load, unload, or store marine cargoes or passengers. Navigation Channel A deeper channel cut into the lake or river bed to enable larger ships to pass through to a port. Ocean-Going (“Saltie”) Designed to handle either dry bulk or breakbulk cargo, and might carry a cargo of steel products into the Great Lakes and export a cargo of bulk grain. Salties are designed to handle both lake and ocean conditions and may operate almost anywhere in the world.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Port Generally a harbor and terminal facilities. A location on a navigable body of water where commodities are shipped and received by water vessels. Seawaymax Vessels constructed to take advantage of the maximum capacity of the entire St. Lawrence Seaway. These vessels measure 740 feet in length and 78 feet in width, and have a draft of 26.5 feet. Sedimentation Process by which any particulate matter is transported by fluid flow and deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. Self-Unloaders A type of Laker equipped with technology that enables the crew to unload the vessel without the need for shore-side personnel or equipment. Self- unloading vessels are distinctive in appearance and feature a large steel boom extending down the deck from the ship’s superstructure. When unloading, cargo is released through gates at the bottom of the cargo hold onto conveyor belts running below. Bulk material is carried along the conveyor belts and lifted or “gearless” up and out onto the adjacent dock via the pivoting boom.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Short-Sea Shipping Describes operations between ports along a single coast or involving a short sea crossing also 24 referred to as “marine highway.” Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Soo Locks A series of locks located between Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario (hence the nickname “Soo”). The largest lock chamber is 1,200 feet long by 110 feet wide by 32 feet deep. Several ships have been constructed to take full advantage of these dimensions (see “1,000-footer”).

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Straight-Deckers A handful of Lakers do not feature self-unloading technology and are referred to as “straight deckers” or “bulkers.” These vessels require shore-side equipment, such as a gantry to unload cargo. Tankers Designed to carry liquid bulk cargo, such as petroleum products. Most tankers operating on the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System are designed exclusively for Great Lakes service; however, several have the capability to operate overseas.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

Truck Ferry The Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry is one of the few ferry services of its kind, and is a crossing primarily for hazardous materials (HAZMAT) or oversize/ overweight (OS/OW) trucks between Windsor and La Salle in Ontario, and Detroit and the Downriver communities in Michigan.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

U.S. Army Corps of Federal agency responsible for operations and maintenance work within the federal harbor system, including the navigation channels, breakwaters, and locks. Engineers 25 Freight Primer: An Introduction to Freight Modes in Michigan

Air Terminology

Belly Cargo Air freight carried in the belly below the main deck of a passenger aircraft. Cargo Service Airports Airports that, in addition to any other air transportation services that may be available, are served by aircraft providing air transportation of only cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds. Commercial Service Airport Publicly owned airports that have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year and receive scheduled passenger service.

Source: MDOT Photography Unit

26

For More Information

Michigan Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Planning 425 W. Ottawa St. P.O. Box 30050 Lansing, MI 48909

517-241-4819