The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2020 Fall Term (DRAFT COURSE OUTLINE, CONTENT SUBJECT to MODIFICATION)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2020 Fall Term (DRAFT COURSE OUTLINE, CONTENT SUBJECT TO MODIFICATION)

Instructor: Douglas M. Gildow Class Location: Online, or when conditions allow, in Yasumoto International Academic Park, Room 405 (YIA 405) (Mondays)

Course Code BUDS 5004

Course Title Special Topics in Chinese Buddhist Studies: Topics in Modern Buddhist History 中國佛教專題: 近代中國佛教史專題

Course Description The focus in this course is late imperial and modern Chinese Buddhism, with an emphasis on monastic Buddhism before 1950. 本課程的重點是晚期的中國佛教和現代佛教，強調在 1950 年之前的僧侣佛教。

Course Syllabus I. Introduction II. Historical Evolution 1. Ming Buddhism 2. Qing Buddhism 3. Late Qing Buddhism 4. Early Republican Buddhism III. Ritual Studies 1. Overview 2. Daily Liturgy 3. Monastic Ordination 4. Ghost Feeding Rituals 5. Chan Meditation as/against Ritual IV. Conclusion and Student Presentations

Learning Outcomes 1) Knowledge To enable students to obtain a broad knowledge of Buddhist Studies as a discipline and a more specialized knowledge in a particular sub-field of concentration. 2) Skills To help the students develop research skills in Buddhist Studies, including their competence in academic writing and presentation in order to prepare them for further academic research in Buddhist Studies. 3) Attitude To develop a reflective and empathetic attitude in understanding Buddhism.

Assessment Scheme Participation 20%

In-Class (or Online) Presentation 20% Term Paper 60% (or 50%, if mid-term quiz is held)*

*Only if conditions allow (see below): Mid-Term Quiz 10%

Course Requirements Students will be required to complete the following: 1) Regular participation. Participate in class discussions, and complete the required readings each week. On occasion, short assignments may be given. A note on attendance: you will not gain any points simply for attending class. You are expected to attend each class. But you will lose five points from your final grade for each unexcused absence beyond three. Excused absences include documented medical emergencies, attending a funeral, etc. 2) In-class presentations. Each student will make two presentations. One, which might be done along with another classmate, is to introduce and briefly critique class readings, and to raise discussion questions. The second presentation, in week 12, will be related to the student’s term paper. More details (i.e., length of presentation, credit for each, etc.) will be given during class. 3) Term paper. Each student will submit a term paper (4000-6000 words). Term paper topics should be related to the course theme and should be discussed with the instructor. Term papers can be either synthetic (i.e., integrative review of secondary research on a certain topic), or research-oriented (i.e., based on original research, using primary source documents, interviews, participant observation, etc.). The term paper is due at 7pm on December 7, and should be submitted to VeriGuide. 4) TENTATIVE: Mid-term quiz. A quiz on course content will be given in class, IF we are all able to meet in the classroom by week 7.

Class Format and Contingencies This course will be held online at the beginning of the term, but it will be held in the classroom (i.e., face-to-face) instruction as soon as conditions allow. Class format will be the same whether it is held online or in the classroom, with one exception: if we are able to meet in the classroom, there will be one mid-term quiz; otherwise, no quiz will be held.

A Note on Language The primary medium of instruction for this course will be English. Most required readings are also in English. However, Mandarin Chinese will be a secondary class language. Some readings, particularly primary source materials, will be in Chinese. Some class discussion may be conducted in Mandarin, especially if initiated by students. In addition, course assignments may be written in standard, modern, Mandarin Chinese.

Office Hours I am usually available to meet in my office on Fridays between 3pm and 5pm. But you need to make an appointment with me at least twenty-four hours in advance. Some weeks I may be fully booked, and some weeks I might be away from my office at that time. Meetings immediately before class (or briefly after class) are also possible.

Required Readings and Purchases All of the required readings will be provided as pdf documents or are accessible online. In addition, students are welcome to consult Chinese-language translations of the English readings, when available. In particular, students may wish to acquire the Chinese translation of Holmes Welch’s The Practice of Chinese Buddhism, 1900-1950 (1967): Welch, Holmes. 2010 [1967]. 近代中國的佛教制度. 包可華, 李阿含譯. 新編世界佛學名著譯叢; 80-81. 北京市 : 中國書店.

Class Schedule

Week 1 (Sept. 7): Course Introduction No required readings

Recommended readings • Turabian, Kate L. 2018. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. 9th ed., chapters 1-2. • Firestein, Stuart. 2012. Ignorance: How it Drives Science, chapters 1-2. • Yü, Chün-fang. 2020. Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History, pages 97-143 (sections on rituals, festivals, and monasticism).

Week 2 (Sept. 14): Ming Buddhism, Overview • Yü, Chün-fang. 1998. “Ming Buddhism.” In Cambridge History of China: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part 2, edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote, 8: 893- 952. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Selection, 憨山老人夢遊集.

Recommended readings • Zhang, Dewei. 2011. “A Fragile Revival: Chinese Buddhism Under the Political Shadow, 1522-1620.” PhD Diss., McMaster University. • Eichman, Jennifer Lynn. 2016. A Late Sixteenth-Century Chinese Buddhist Fellowship: Spiritual Ambitions, Intellectual Debates, and Epistolary Connections. Boston: Brill. (note on chapters 3 and 4: on vegetarianism and releasing-life rituals). • T. 1714, Heart Sutra commentary with 御製心經序.

Week 3 (Sept. 21): Qing Buddhism, Overview and Pilgrimage • Qiu Gaoxing 邱高興. 2003. “Qingdai fojiao yanjiu xiankuang 清代佛教研究現況.” Pumen Xuebao 普門學報 16: 311-322. • Bingenheimer, Marcus. 2016. “Knowing the Paths of Pilgrimage: The Network of Pilgrimage Routes in Nineteenth-Century China.” Review of Religion and Chinese Society 3: 189-222.

• Selection, 參學知津. (In the pdf provided, read the section titled “北京由上方山至五臺山從真定府回京都陸路,” from page 23 to 26. It begins with the characters “京都順天府” and concludes with “彰儀門.”)

Recommended readings • Wu, Jiang. 2008. Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China. • Berger, Patricia Ann. 2003. Empire of Emptiness: Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. • Zhou Qi 周齐. 2015. Qingdai fojiao yu zhengzhi wenhua 清代佛教與政治文化. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe. • Ter Haar, Barend J. 2016. “State and Sangha in the Qing Period: A New Look at Old Figures.” In The Middle Kingdom and the Dharma Wheel: Aspects of the Relationship between the Buddhist Saṃgha and the State in Chinese History, edited by Thomas Jülch, 379-408. • Lo, Yuet Keung. 2013. “Indeterminacy in Meaning: Religious Syncretism and Dynastic Historiography in the Shannüren Zhuan.” Gender & History 25 (3): 461-476. • Yu Lingbo 于凌波. 1995.中国近现代佛教人物志.

Week 4 (Sept. 28): Modernist Buddhism and Liang Qichao (1873-1929) • Lai Yonghai. 2010. Zhongguo fojiao tongshi 中国佛教通史, vol. 14, pp. 102-125 (“梁启超的佛学思想”). • Liang Qichao 梁啟超. Selection of writings on Buddhism (packet to be provided).

Recommended readings • Chan, Sin-wai. 1985. Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. • Ni Guanning 倪管嬣. 2015 (June). “Yong fojiao lai jiu guo: Liang Qichao foxue zhengzhi linian de jiangou 用佛教來救國: 梁啟超佛學政治理念的建構.” Zhengda Shicui 政大史粹 28: 39-68.

Week 5 (Oct. 5): Late Qing and Early Republican Buddhism (Japan, Statecraft Buddhist Learning, and Cai Yuanpei [1868-1940]) • Ge Zhaoguang 葛兆光. 2006. “西潮却自东瀛来－－日本东本愿寺与中国近代佛学的因缘.” In Xichao you dongfeng: Wan Qing Min chu sixiang, zongjiao yu xueshu shi jiang 西潮与东风: 晚清民初思想、宗教与学术十讲, 47-66. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. • Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培. 1984 [1900]. “Fojiao huguo lun 佛教护国论.” In Cai Yuanpei Quanji 蔡元培全集, 1: 104-108. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. • ———. 1984 [1917]. “Yi meiyu dai zongjiao shuo 以美育代宗教说.” In Cai Yuanpei Quanji 蔡元培全集, edited by Gao Pingshu 高平叔, 3: 30-34.

• ———. 1984 [1927]. “Foxue yu fojiao jin hou zhi gaige 佛学与佛教及今后之改革.” In Cai Yuanpei Quanji 蔡元培全集, edited by Gao Pingshu 高平叔, 5:118-120.

Recommended readings • Chen, Jidong. 2017. "The Dawn of Modern Buddhism: Contacts between Chinese and Japanese Buddhism in the Late Nineteenth Century." Studies in Chinese Religions 3 (1): 1-25. • Jiang Hainu 蒋海怒. 2012. Wan Qing zhengzhi yu foxue 晚清政治与佛学. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.

Week 6 (Oct. 12) Republican Buddhism (Revival, and Engagements with Science) • Welch, Holmes. 1968. The Buddhist Revival in China, pp. 1-22. • Hammerstrom, Erik J. 2014. “A Buddhist Critique of Scientism.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 27: 35-57.

Recommended readings • Welch, Holmes. 1967. The Practice of Chinese Buddhism, 1900-1950. • Hammerstrom, Erik J. 2014. “Yogacara and Science in the 1920s: The Wuchang School’s Approach to Modern Mind Science.” In Transforming Consciousness: Yogacara Thought in Modern China, edited by John Makeham, 170-200. New York: Oxford University Press. • Prip-Møller, Johannes. 1967. Chinese Buddhist Monasteries: Their Plan and its Function as a Setting for Buddhist Monastic Life. 2nd ed. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Week 7 (Oct 19): Ritual: Overview • Welch, Holmes. 1967. The Practice of Chinese Buddhism, pp. 179-205 (rites for the dead). • Gildow, Douglas M. 2014. “The Chinese Buddhist Ritual Field.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 27: 59-127. • A mid-term quiz will be given in class today. It will include content from all readings thus far, including those for today (week 7).

Recommended readings • Sharf, Robert H. 2005. “Ritual.” In Critical Terms for the Study of Buddhism, edited by Donald S. Lopez Jr., 245-270. • Hureau, Sylvie. 2009. “Buddhist Rituals.” In Early Chinese Religion, edited by John Lagerwey and Marc Kalinowski, 1207-1244. • Lewis, Todd. 2016. “A History of Buddhist Ritual.” In The Buddhist World, edited by John Powers, 318-337.

(26 Oct.: No Class. Happy Chung Yeung Festival!)

Week 8 (Nov. 2): Ritual: Daily Liturgy [This week’s class content may be changed] • Chen, Pi-yen. 1999. “Morning and Evening Service: The Practice of Ritual, Music, and Doctrine in the Chinese Buddhist Monastic Community.” PhD Diss., University of Chicago, pp. 79-115 and 129-130. • Selections, Chanmen risong 禪門日誦 (Daily Chanting of the Chan Gate). 1900 (Guangxu 26) (reprinted undated, but from post-1980 PRC). Edition of Tianning Monastery 天寧寺 ed. Changzhou 常州 (reprinted in 莆田市南山): Reprint by Putian Guanghua Monastery 莆田广化寺. Scan through and read parts helpful for understanding the reading by Chen, above.

Recommended readings • Günzel, Marcus. 1994. Die Morgen- Und Abendliturgie Der Chinesischen Buddhisten. Güttingen: Seminar für Indologie und Buddhismuskunde. • Chen, Pi-yen. 2005. “Buddhist Chant, Devotional Song, and Commercial Popular Music: From Ritual to Rock Mantra.” Ethnomusicology 49 (2): 266-286.

Week 9 (Nov. 9): Ritual: Monastic Ordination • Shi Guodeng 釋果燈. 2004. Mingmo Qingchu lüzong qianhuapai zhi xingqi 明末清初律宗千華派之興起. Taipei 台北: Fagu wenhua 法鼓文化, pp. 121-151 (on the monk Jianyue). • Prip-Møller, Johannes. 1967. Chinese Buddhist Monasteries: Their Plan and its Function as a Setting for Buddhist Monastic Life. 2nd ed. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp. 297-352 (chapter 5: The Ordination Unit, Its Ceremonies and Its Development). • Selection, 三壇傳戒正範, X. 1128, available online (http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/X60n1128_001). Try to read through the following sections: 卷四, 二壇傳授比丘戒正範: 第十一明授戒體法, 第十二正授戒體法, and 第十三次說四墮法.

Recommended readings • Zongxing 宗性. 2010. “《三坛传戒正范》版本综述.” 佛学研究 19: 131-160. • Schopen, Gregory. 2014. “Making Men into Monks.” In Buddhist Nuns, Monks, and Other Worldly Matters: Recent Papers on Monastic Buddhism in India, 175-193. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. (Translation of ordination procedures for monks in the Mula-sarvastivada vinaya, based on Tibetan text, consulting Sanskrit extracts). • Chen-hua, Chün-fang Yü, and Denis C. Mair. 1992. In Search of the Dharma: Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim. [translation of Can xue suo tan 參學瑣談], pp. 45-75 (esp. chapters 2 and 3, ordination and seminary preparation).

Week 10 (Nov. 16): Ritual: Releasing Flaming Mouths • Lye, Hun Yeow. 2011. “Yuqie Yankou in the Ming-Qing China.” In Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, edited by Charles D. Orzech, Henrik Hjort Sorensen and Richard Karl Payne, 561-567. Boston: Brill. • Lye, Hun Yeow. 2003. “Feeding Ghosts: A Study of the Yuqie Yankou Rite.” PhD Diss., University of Virginia, pp. 224-235 and 417-425. • Selections, X 1080, 瑜伽集要施食儀軌; and X 1081, 修設瑜伽集要施食壇儀. Read through the selections provided as best you can and try to understand the logic of the ritual.

Recommended readings • Lye, Hun Yeow. 2003. “Feeding Ghosts: A Study of the Yuqie Yankou Rite.” PhD Diss., University of Virginia. • Sik, Hung Hin and Fa Ren Sik. 2016. “A Case Study of the Decline of the Buddhist Funeral Ritual, the Guangdong Yuqie Yankou.” Contemporary Buddhism 17 (1): 116- 137.

Week 11 (Nov. 23): Meditation: Chan Practice and Chan Masters [Note that if this teaching unit might have to be shortened, eliminated, or switched with another unit, in order to accommodate the total number of student presentations scheduled to begin next week. They might have to begin this week. It depends on how many students are enrolled in the course, as well as student interests.]

• Welch, Holmes. 1967. The Practice of Chinese Buddhism, 1900-1950, pp. 47-88 (chapter 2, “The Meditation Hall”). • Xu Yun. 1988. Empty Cloud: The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master, Xu-Yun. Translated by Charles Luk. Revised and edited by Richard Hunn, pp. 63-74 (or the corresponding pages in Chinese version, which are pp. 23-29 in the edition provided).

Recommended readings • Aviv, Eyal. “Religion, Historiography, and Cultural Identity in the Debate Over Xuyun’s Biography.” Unpublished Manuscript. • Campo, Daniela. 2013. La Construction De La Sainteté Dans La Chine Moderne: La Vie De Maître Bouddhiste Xuyun. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.

Week 12 (Nov. 30): Student presentations and discussion of term papers.

Contact Details of Teacher Professor/Lecturer/Instructor: Professor Name: Prof. Douglas Gildow Office Location: Room 312, 3/F, Leung Kau Kui Building Telephone: 3943-4390 Email: [email protected]

Feedback for Evaluation  End-of-term university course evaluation will be conducted in class.  Students’ comments and feedback on the course through e-mails or personal meeting with the instructor are always welcomed.

Academic honesty and plagiarism Attention is drawn to University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and to the disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations. Details may be found at http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/. With each assignment, students will be required to submit a signed declaration that they are aware of these policies, regulations, guidelines and procedures. For group projects, all students of the same group should be asked to sign the declaration. For assignments in the form of a computer-generated document that is principally text-based and submitted via VeriGuide, the statement, in the form of a receipt, will be issued by the system upon students’ uploading of the soft copy of the assignment. Assignments without the receipt will not be graded by teachers. Only the final version of the assignment should be submitted via VeriGuide.

Grade Descriptor A Outstanding performance on all learning outcomes. A- Generally outstanding performance on all (or almost all) learning outcomes. B Substantial performance on all learning outcomes, OR high performance on some learning outcomes which compensates for less satisfactory performance on others, resulting in overall substantial performance. C Satisfactory performance on the majority of learning outcomes, possibly with a few weaknesses. D Barely satisfactory performance on a number of learning outcomes F Unsatisfactory performance on a number of learning outcomes, OR failure to meet specified assessment requirements.