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Production Handbook of Florida

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Production Handbook of Florida Vegetableof PRODUCTION HANDBOOK FLORIDA 2015-2016 — editors — DR. PETER J. DITTMAR DR. JOSHUA H. FREEMAN DR. GARY E. VALLAD Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology, Horticultural Sciences Department, North Florida REC, IFAS, University of Florida Gulf Coast REC, IFAS, University of Florida IFAS, University of Florida Authors Shinsuke Agehara, Assistant Professor, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center Nathan S. Boyd, Assistant Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Wimauma Peter J. Dittmar, Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Department - Gainesville Nicholas S. Dufault, Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology Department - Gainesville Michael D. Dukes, Associate Professor, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department - Gainesville Joshua H. Freeman, Assistant Professor, North Florida Research and Education Center - Quincy Guodong Liu, Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Department - Gainesville Eugene McAvoy, Extension Agent IV, Hendry County, Labelle Christian F. Miller, Extension Agent I, Palm Beach County, Palm Beach Kelly T. Morgan, Associate Professor, Southwest Florida Research & Education Center Joseph W. Noling, Professor, Citrus Research and Education Center - Lake Alfred Monica Ozores-Hampton, Assistant Professor, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center – Immokalee Mathews Paret, Assistant Professor, North Florida Research and Education Center - Quincy Natalia Peres, Associate Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Wimauma Richard N. Raid, Professor, Everglades Research and Education Center - Belle Glade Pamela D. Roberts, Professor, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center - Immokalee Eric H. Simonne, Professor, Office of District Extension Directors - Gainesville Hugh A. Smith, Assistant Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Wimauma Crystal A. Snodgrass, Extension Agent I, Manatee County - Palmetto Phil Stansley, Professor, Southwest Florida Research & Education Center Gary E. Vallad, Associate Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Wimauma Qingren Wang, Extension Agent I, Miami-Dade County - Homestead Susan E. Webb, Associate Professor, Entomology and Nematology Department - Gainesville Alicia J. Whidden, Extension Agent II, Hillsborough County, Seffner Vance M. Whitaker, Assistant Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center – Wimauma Shouan Zhang, Assistant Professor, Tropical Research and Education Center - Homestead Lincoln Zotarelli, Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Department - Gainesville Cover Photo: Florida potato production Chapter Formatting and Composition Cover photo: Peter J. Dittmar Ai-vy T. Riniker Acknowledgements The purpose of this book is to provide the best and most up-to-date information available to the primary users of this book - the Florida vegetable industry. This is possible because of the efforts of many University of Florida faculty in several locations around the state. The editors gratefully acknowledge their contributions. The editors also wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following faculty who have retired or are no longer involved in extension: Richard P. Cromwell, Kent E. Cushman, Craig K. Chandler, James P. Gilreath, George Hochmuth, Chad Hutchin- son, Freddie Johnson, Thomas A. Kucharek, Mary L. Lamberts, Andrew MacRae, Donald N. Maynard, O.N. Nesheim, Stephen M. Olson, Kenneth Pernezny, James Price, Kenneth D. Shuler, Allen G. Smajstrla, William M. Stall, Bielinski M. Santos, David Sui, Charles Vavrina. ii 2015 Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida Contents CHAPTER 1. COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA ......................................................PAGE 1 Josh H. Freeman, Peter J. Dittmar, and Gary E. Vallad CHAPTER 2. FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA ......................................PAGE 3 G. D. Liu, E. H. Simonne, K. T. Morgan, G. J. Hochmuth, Monica Ozores-Hampton, and Shinsuke Ageharas CHAPTER 3. PRINCIPLES AND PRacTICES OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLES ..............................PAGE 11 L. Zotarelli, M.D. Dukes, G.D. Liu, E.H. Simonne, S. Agehara CHAPTER 4. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT .....................................................................PAGE 19 Peter J. Dittmar, Nicholas S. Dufault, Joseph W. Noling, Philip Stansly, Nathan Boyd, Matthews L. Paret, and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 5. COLE CROP PRODUCTION ............................................................................PAGE 31 Lincoln Zotarelli, Peter J. Dittmar, Monica Ozares-Hampton, Nicholas S. Dufault, Susan E. Webb, Qingren Wang, and Christian Miller CHAPTER 6. CUCURBIT PRODUCTION ..............................................................................PAGE 45 Josh H. Freeman, Eugene J. McAvoy, Peter J. Dittmar, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Mathews Paret, Qingren Wang, Christian F. Miller, and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 7. EGGPLANT PRODUCTION .............................................................................PAGE 67 Eugene J. McAvoy, Nathan S. Boyd, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Pamela D. Roberts and Hugh A. Smith CHAPTER 8. LEAFY VEGETABLE PRODUCTION .......................................................................PAGE 79 Monica Ozores-Hampton, Peter J. Dittmar, Richard N. Raid, and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 9. LEGUME PRODUCTION ...............................................................................PAGE 97 Monica Ozores-Hampton, Peter J. Dittmar, Eugene J. McAvoy, Susan E. Webb, Shouan Zhang, Josh H. Freeman, and Qingren Wang CHAPTER 10. MINOR VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION ..............................................................PAGE 111 Christian F. Miller, Qingren Wang, Peter J. Dittmar, Eugene J. McAvoy, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Richard N. Raid, Crystal A. Snodgrass, Susan E. Webb, Alicia J. Whidden, and Shouan Zhang CHAPTER 11. ONION, LEEK, AND CHIVE PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA ....................................................PAGE 133 Peter J. Dittmar, Eugene J. McAvoy, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Richard N. Raid, Susan E. Webb, and Lincoln Zotarelli CHAPTER 12. PEPPER PRODUCTION ..............................................................................PAGE 145 Monica Ozores-Hampton, Nathan S. Boyd, Eugene J. McAvoy, Hugh A. Smith and Gary E. Vallad CHAPTER 13. POTATO PRODUCTION ..............................................................................PAGE 161 Lincoln Zotarelli, Peter J. Dittmar, Pamela D. Roberts, and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 14. ROOT CROP PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA ...............................................................PAGE 173 Peter J. Dittmar, Eugene J. McAvoy, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Richard Raid, Susan E. Webb, Lincoln Zotarelli, Shouan Zhang, Christian F. Miller, and Qingren Wang CHAPTER 15. STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION ........................................................................PAGE 189 Vance M. Whitaker, Nathan S. Boyd, Natalia A. Peres and Hugh A. Smith CHAPTER 16. SWEET CORN PRODUCTION .........................................................................PAGE 201 Monica Ozores-Hampton, Peter J. Dittmar, Eugene J. McAvoy, Richard N. Raid and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 17. TOMATO PRODUCTION .............................................................................PAGE 211 Josh H. Freeman, Eugene J. McAvoy, Nathan S. Boyd, Peter J. Dittmar, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Hugh A. Smith, Gary E. Vallad, and Susan E. Webb CHAPTER 18. BIOPESTICIDES AND ALTERNATIVE DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS .........................PAGE 235 Hugh A. Smith, Gary E. Vallad and Susan E. Webb Crop Index Crop Pages Crop Pages Crop Pages Crop Pages Asian vegetables 32 Tropical root crops 174 Lima bean 97 - 109 Southernpea 97 - 109 Bean 97 - 109 Chive 133 - 143 Mustard 31 - 43 Spinach 79 - 96 Beet 173 - 188 Collards 31 - 43 Okra 111 - 131 Squash 45 - 65 Broccoli 31 - 43 Cucumber 45 - 65 Onion 133 - 143 Strawberry 189 - 199 Cabbage 31 - 43 Eggplant 67 - 77 Parsley 111 - 131 Sweet corn 201 - 209 Cantaloupe 45 - 65 Endive, Escarole 79 - 96 Pepper 145 - 159 Sweet potato 173 - 188 Carrot 173 - 188 Kale 31 - 43 Potato 161 - 172 Tomato 211 -234 Cauliflower 31 - 43 Leek 133 - 143 Radish 173 - 188 Turnip 31 - 43 Celery 111 - 131 Lettuce 79 - 96 Snowpea 97 - 109 Watermelon 45 - 65 2015 Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida iii IFAS info The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race, color, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. For information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office, Florida Cooperative Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida (Nick Place, Dean). See our web sites with electronic extension publications at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu and for more information visit “Solutions for Your Life” at http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu. Florida County Cooperative Extension Offices ALACHUA COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE CALHOUN COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE DESOSTO COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE 2800 NE 39th Avenue 20816 Central Ave. East Suite1 2150 Northeast Roan Street Gainesville, Florida 32609-2658 Blountstown, Florida 32424-2292 Arcadia, Florida 34266-5025 PH: (352) 955-2402 PH: (850) 674-8323 PH: (863) 993-4846 FAX: (352) 334-0122 FAX: (850) 674-8353 FAX: (863) 993-4849 E-MAIL: [email protected] EMAIL: [email protected] EMAIL: [email protected]
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