Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications

From Technologies to Markets

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications

Market and Technology Report 2020

Sample

Glossary and definition 2 Context 43 • Scope of the report Table of contents 4 • Historical perspective • What’s new? Products launch, collaboration, Report scope 6 fundraising Report methodology 8 Market forecasts 61 • LiDAR volume and market forecast About the authors 9 • Automotive LiDAR market and volume forecast Companies cited in this report 10 • Industrial LiDAR market and volume forecast • Alternative scenario What we got right, What we got wrong 11 Market trends 96 Yole Group related reports 13 • Automotive applications Executive Summary 15 • Industrial applications • Defense, space and scientific applications

Market shares and supply chain 140 Outlooks 253 • Players and market shares About Velodyne 257 • M&A and investments • Company profile • Partnerships and supply chain • Analysis • LiDAR in automotive development process • Chinese landscape How to use our data? 280 Technology trends 185 About Yole Développement 281 • Image formation • Components • Products • Integration in ADAS vehicles • Novel technologies • Technology roadmaps Teardowns 241

Out of scope In scope

Defense & Consumer Automotive Industrial aerospace LiDAR consumer applications are covered in Yole Construction 3D Imaging & AR/VR ADAS Planets Sensing report. Logistics

Atmosphere Factory automation Robotic cars Yours needs are Energy out of the report’ scope? Smart buildings Logistics Contact us for a custom: Security

Smart agriculture

ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems AR: Augmented Reality VR: Virtual Reality LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020 4 METHODOLOGIES & DEFINITIONS Yole’s market forecast model is based on the matching of several sources:

Preexisting information

Market Volume (in Munits) ASP (in $) Revenue (in $M)

Information Aggregation

ABAX, Aeva, AEye , AGC, Airbus, ams AG, AOET , Argo AI, ASC, ASE Technology, Audi, Aurora Innovation, Ball Aerospace, Baraja, BEA , BEAMAGINE, Beijing SurestarTechnology, Benewake, Blickfeld, BMW, Bosch, Bridger Photonics, Broadcom, Carnavicom , Cepton Technologies , Continental, CoreDAR, Cosworth, Delphi, Denso, Draper, Eblana photonics, Eckhardt Optics, EOLOS, Eonite Perception, Epistar, Epsiline, Excelitas Technologies, Faro, Fastree3D, Ficontec, Finisar, First Sensor AG, Fujitsu, GeoSLAM, Guangshao Technology, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hesai Photonics Technologies, Hexagon AB, Hitronics Technologies, Hokuyo Automatic, Huawei, Huyndai, Hybo , Hybrid LiDAR Systems, Hypersen Technologies, Hyundai Mobis, Ibeo Automotive Systems, II-VI, Imuzak, Infineon Technologies AG, INFOWORKS, Innoluce BV, Innoviz Technologies, Innovusion, Insight LiDAR, Iridian Spectral Technologies, Irvine Sensors Corp., Jabil, Jaguar, Kaarta, Koito, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Laser Components, LeddarTech, Leica Geosystems, LeiShen Intelligent System, Leonardo, Leosphere, Lexus, LG, Livox, Lumentum, Lumibird, Luminar Technologies, Lumotive, Magna, Marelli, Meller Optics, Mercedes-Benz, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Micralyne, Micro Photon Devices, Microvision, Mirada Technologies, Mirrorcle, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Neophotonics, Neptec Design Group Ltd. , Neptec Technologies, Neuvition, Newsight Imaging , Nextcore, Ocular Robotics, OEwaves, OLEI LiDAR, Ommatidia, Omron, ONSemi, Ophir, Oplatek, Oqmented, Osram, OURS Technology, Ouster , Panasonic, Phantom Intelligence, Phoenix LiDAR Systems, Pioneer Smart Sensing Innovations Corporation, PSSI, pmdtechnologies AG, Preciseley Microtechnology Corp., Princeton Optronics, Quanergy Systems, Quantel laser , Quantum Semiconductor International (QSI), Redtail Lidar, Renault, Renesas, Riegl, RoboSense, Rockley photonics, Scantinel Photonics, Sense Photonics, Sick AG, SiLC Technologies, STMicroelectronics, Teledyne Optech, TeraXion, TetraVue, Topcon, Trimble, Valeo, Velodyne LiDAR, Veoneer, Volkswagen, Volvo, Waymo, Webasto, XenomatiX, Z+F Laser , ZF Friedrichshafen AG, and more.

Pierrick BOULAY, Market & Technology Analyst Pierrick Boulay works as a Market and Technology Analyst in the fields of LED, OLED and lighting systems. He performs technical, economic, and market analyses at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company. He has industry experience in LED lighting, including general and automotive lighting, and OLED lighting. Prior to Yole, Pierrick worked in several R&D departments on LED lighting applications. He holds a master’s degree in Electronics from ESEO in France. Contact: [email protected]

Alexis DEBRAY, Market & Technology Analyst Alexis Debray is a Technology & Market Analyst in the MEMS and Sensors team at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company. Alexis spent 17 years in Japan, including 2 years at the University of Tokyo where he studied MEMS technologies, and 15 years at Canon Inc. where he was a research engineer. There he contributed to works on MEMS devices, lingual prehension, and terahertz imaging devices. He is the author of various scientific publications and patents. Alexis graduated from ENSICAEN and holds a PhD in applied acoustics. Contact: [email protected]

Consumer optics Space $10 000 $1 000 000

MEMS Topography Optical packaging scanner Fiber-optic $30 000 communication $500 000

Wind Laser diode

$2 000 VCSEL LiDAR $100 000 Logistics/Industry

SiPM PET $500 Image processing Mobility $75 000

Robots Cloud data Consumer $1000 Automatic $1 Geographic $10 Information target System recognition OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier PET: Positron Emission Tomography VCSEL: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020 8 HISTORY OF LiDAR

University of Texas at Austin team led by James Gibeaut Columbia University create the first team led by Charles Milton Huffaker lidar-based digital Townes build the first York University founds Coherent elevation model of maser (microwave (Canada) physicist Technologies to The Hughes Mark George D. an archaeological amplification by II Colidar is the Hickman flies the Allan Carswell commercialize In the 1930, EH site, at Copan, stimulated emission of first commercial first bathymetric and his wife Helen lidar wind- Synge conceived Honduras. radiation) LiDAR. LiDAR. found Optech. detection systems the LiDAR.

1930 1939 1953 1960 1962 1963 1968 1969 1974 1978 1984 1998 2000 2004

Ellis A. Johnson, a In 1960, TH Maiman SRI build the SRI Carnegie Institution conceived the first Mark I lidar for Apollo Lunar Johannes Riegl Cyra Technologies DARPA Grand Scientist, uses a laser. atmospheric Ranging founds Riegl. introduces the Challenge in the searchlight to studies. Experiment (LURE) Cyrax 2400, the Mojave Desert ends capture signals up lands on the moon first tripod- with no to 40 km. with Apollo 11. mounted, finishers. SICK line commercial 3D scanners are a scanner. popular sensor among teams.

Pulsed Time of Flight Phase Shift Frequency Modulation

There are three LiDAR ranging methods: pulsed time of Pulsed Time of Flight (ToF) is a direct In phase shift time of flight, continuous In frequency modulation, a continuous flight, phase measurement of the time of flight of light waves are used and the time of flight is wave is modulated in frequency and the shift, and from the emitter to the scene and then to measured as a phase difference. time of flight is measured as a frequency frequency the photodetector. difference. The use of continuous waves allows for modulation. This technique allows measurement of heterodyne detection which is much As with phase shift, continuous waves several reflections. more sensitive than direct detection. allow for heterodyne detection. Moreover, radial velocity can be easily measured. It relies heavily on Time to Digital However, the maximum range is limited converters (TDC) which transform the by phase wrapping. However, a highly coherent source is pulse arrival timing into digital signals. needed to use heterodyne detection.

LiDAR

• 1D LiDAR include rangefinders and speedometers. They are used in 1D 2D/3D construction and law enforcement, and out of the scope of this report. Beam Fixed • New technologies have been recently steering beams developed to achieve 3D LiDAR images. Mechanical Optical Flash • In sequential flash, an array of lasers in sequentially activated in order to Macro- Optical-phased Sequential partially illuminate the scene. mechanical MEMS SLAM array flash • DMD has been recently used to scan a Micro- Liquid laser beam in LiDAR. Turntable mirror crystal • In wavelength sweeping, a laser beam passes through a prism. By changing Galvano Wavelength the wavelength of the laser, the scanner DMD sweeping deflection of the beam is changed. • Electro-optic method, such as the Kerr Risley Electro- effect, have only been reported in prisms optic academics. Voice-coil

DMD: Digital Micromirror Device MEMS: Micro-Electro Mechanical System SLAM: Simultaneous Localization And Mapping LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020 11 EVOLUTION OF LiDAR USED BY ROBOTIC CARS

From 2017 to 2020, the LiDAR technology used by robotic cars have evolved drastically. The Velodyne HDL-64E integrated 64 lasers and 64 photodetectors assembled on several boards. On the other hand, Ouster uses up to 128 lasers (VCSEL) and up to 128 photodetectors (SPAD) on two single chips assembled on a single board. The weight is decreased from 12.7 kg to 930 g.

Courtesy of Velodyne Up to 128 lasers and 128 Courtesy of Ouster Reference HDL-64E photodetectors on two chips. OS2-64

Number of channels 64 64

Range / m 120 240

Point per second 1,300,000 1,310,720

Power consumption / W 60 14- 20 64 lasers and 64 Weight / kg 12.7 0.93 photodetectors assembled Price / $ 70,000 est. on several boards. 20,000 est.

At CES 2020, SiLC partnered with Varroc Lighting Systems to integrate its Also at CES 2020, SiLC demonstrated FMCW LiDAR into a headlamp. the operation of its FMCW above 200m, capable of measuring crosswalks at 220m and 2-inch objects at 190m.

Recently, silicon photonics Courtesy of SiLC Courtesy of SiLC In March 2020, the new iPad LiDAR has included a LiDAR scanner. performed The silicon photonics LiDAR from Baba Lab/Yokohama University integrates OPA scanning, This could be a great opportunity impressively in lasers, a modulator, and photodetectors on a single chip. for silicon photonics LiDAR. small packages.

2000 2012 2017 2020+ 2030+

No LiDAR No LiDAR Long range LiDAR + Short-/mid range LiDAR + Short range LiDAR

Some cars integrate non scanning laser ranger for AEB with short range (15 m)

Audi integrates the Valeo Scala with mechanical scanning and long-range performances (80 m).

Flash LiDAR using VCSEL arrives for Short/Mid range (below 80 m).

• MEMS technology is integrated in long-range LiDAR (> 80 m). • Fiber laser is introduced in long-range LiDAR. • SPAD array are used for flash LiDAR.

• SiPM is integrated in long range LiDAR. • FMCW is mature for long range LiDAR.

Total market Topography 2025 Robotic vehicles Wind $3.8B ADAS vehicles Industry A 18% CAGR is expected in 2019 $1.7B $1.3B the next 5 $1.6B CAGR 114% CAGR 6% years with $19M automotive as the main $1.0B $180M $44M driver. $87M CAGR 2% CAGR 12% $40M $567M CAGR 5% $390M

Note: ADAS vehicles do not include non scanning LiDAR used in ADAS levels 1 and 2. ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance System CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020 15 LiDAR MARKET SHARE 2019 Market share by revenue

Total market: $1,598M 2019 LiDAR market share

• The LiDAR market is dominated by Company name LiDAR revenue/MUSD traditional companies in topography Trimble 333 RoboSense (Trimble, Hexagon, Topcon) and 1% factory automation (Sick AG, BEA Hexagon AB 304 LeddarTech Sensors). Sick AG 202 1% Hokuyo Hesai Advanced Scientific Topcon 150 1% Concepts • Velodyne has seen its revenue Leosphere 1% 1% 2% decline in 2019 due to unit price Velodyne LiDAR 100 Waymo Others 5% reducing. It is a strategy of the Riegl 85 Ouster 1% company. 2% Trimble Faro 72 21% • New comers like Valeo and Ouster BEA Sensors 45 Valeo 2% are starting to have LiDAR revenues. Teledyne Optech 42 Teledyne Optech 3% • We estimate that Waymo produces Valeo 32 BEA Sensors 3% LiDAR for its own robotaxis. The Ouster 29 Faro “market” for Waymo corresponds Leosphere 28 to the market price of the LiDAR. 5% Waymo 18 Riegl Hexagon AB • Chinese LiDAR companies like Hokuyo 18 5% 19% Hesai, RoboSense and Surestar, have an established business. Because a LeddarTech 15 Velodyne LiDAR RoboSense 14 6% smaller unit price, their market Topcon share in dollars is modest. Hesai 13 9% Sick AG 13% Advanced Scientific Concepts 12 Others 81

China Europe

Guangshao Technology Canada

Japan

USA South Korea

Israel

Australia

Photodetectors LiDAR Systems Laser Sources

EEL VCSEL PD/APD SPAD/SiPM

Guangshao Technology Fiber laser

IC SoC Optical Elements ADC MEMS Optical filters

FPGA Amplifier Optical systems

ADC: Analog Digital Converter IC: Integrated Circuit SoC: System on a Chip APD: Avalanche Photodiode MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical System SPAD: Single-Photon Avalanche Diode EEL: Edge-Emitting Laser PD: Photodiode VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020 18 YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS Yole Développement Sensing and Computing for Status of the MEMS Industry 3D Imaging & Sensing 2020 ADAS vehicles 2020

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Sensors for Robotic Mobility Artificial Intelligence 2020 Computing for Automotive

Livox Horizon LIDAR Valeo SCALA Laser Scanner Teardown

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Hamamatsu Photodiode and LeddarVu8: The first off-the-shelf solid state high- Laser in Livox’s Horizon LiDAR definition LiDAR module from LeddarTech

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