Molecular Identification and Feeding Ecology of Arthropod Generalist Predators Present in Mediterranean Lettuce Crops Priscila Gómez Polo

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Molecular Identification and Feeding Ecology of Arthropod Generalist Predators Present in Mediterranean Lettuce Crops Priscila Gómez Polo Nom/Logotip de la Universitat on s’ha llegit la tesi Molecular identification and feeding ecology of arthropod generalist predators present in Mediterranean lettuce crops Priscila Gómez Polo Dipòsit Legal: L.150-2015 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285489 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PRODUCTION AND FORESTRY PROTECTION UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA Molecular identification and feeding ecology of arthropod generalist predators present in Mediterranean lettuce crops by Priscila Gómez Polo to obtain the degree of Doctor by the University of Lleida Supervisor: Academic supervisor: Dr. Nuria Agustí Abella Dr. Ramon Albajes García IRTA – Cabrils University of Lleida Lleida, September 2014 Para ser grande, sê inteiro: nada Teu exagera ou exclui. Sê todo em cada coisa. Põe quanto és No mínimo que fazes. Assim em cada lago a lua toda Brilha, porque alta vive. Ricardo Reis To be great, be whole; Exclude nothing, exaggerate nothing that is not you. Be whole in everything. Put all you are Into the smallest thing you do. So, in each lake the moon shines with splendor Because it blooms up above. Ricardo Reis A Tata y Teresa porque estáis conmigo siempre siempre, siempre, siempre… y siempre me parece poco. Acknowledgements En primer lugar quisiera dar las gracias a Nuria Agustí, mi directora de tesis, por la oportunidad de trabajar con ella. Has sido una directora de tesis excelente, no podría haber tenido otra mejor. Muchas gracias por enseñarme tantas cosas, por la disponibilidad, paciencia, apoyo y muchas otras cosas…. Y lo mejor ¡siempre con una sonrisa!. Asimismo quisiera agradecer la ayuda y los ánimos a Cristina Castañé y Oscar Alomar, al resto de investigadores del Departamento de Entomología del IRTA de Cabrils (Rosa Gabarra, Judit Arnó y Jordi Riudavets), a Josep Piñol del CREAF y a mi tutor de tesis Ramón Albajes de la UDL por estar siempre accesible con la simpatía que le caracteriza. I am also thankful to the reviewers: Drs Symondson and Hatteland for their valuable comments which helped to improve the manuscript. Mi agradecimiento al antiguo Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación por la financiación de la beca que ha permitido la realización de este trabajo y al IRTA, centro donde se ha desarrollado la misma. A Thaïs por iniciarme en el mundo del “pecerreo” y por otras lecciones vitales valiosas que no tienen precio. A Vane por su super-mega-eficiencia y su gran sentido del humor. Han sido muchas horas en las que hemos trabajado las tres codo con codo incluso cuando estaba fuera de estancia, menudo equipazo.¡Muchísimas gracias!. A mis amigos los caseteros, con los que he compartido comidas, cafés y muchas risas. Marta, Lore, Amaia, Moreno, Carolina, Chelo, Carol, Kathy, Nati, Hermi, Georgina, Manu, Mire. ¡¡Sin vosotros nada habría sido igual!!. A toda la gente del laboratorio y en especial a Tamara Jiménez y Ana Domenech por esos momentos tan cómicos. Gracias también a los visitantes trayendo aire fresco al IRTA (Dani Paredes y Luis Mata mis compis de fatigas y alguna que otra juerga, Yibo, Colmar, Carla, Laia, Molli, Mette, Melanie, Juliana, Khale…). A Jose Aramburu por esos desayunos al sol y a la pandilla gatuna por dejarse acariciar y ser mis pelotitas antiestrés particulares cada mañana. A todo el equipo de campo y administrativo del IRTA y a Sofí y Puri, por su compañía cuando ya no había nadie en el edificio. I would like to thank Dr. Michael Traugott in the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck (Austria) for giving me a chance to work in his lab. I really appreciate having the opportunity to work with him and all his team. I learned a lot, thank you so much Michael and especially thanks to Lorna Raso and Johannes Oehm. I would also like to thank Dr. Jonathan Lundgren in the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory Brookings (South Dakota, US) and his lab. Guys, you absolutely changed my life. Jon, I admire you both as a researcher and as a friend. Janet Fergen, thank you for your help in the lab and your care. The twins Mallory and Megan, you both are gorgeous inside and out. Mike Bredeson and Ryan Schmid the best office mates one could wish for and Beth Choate and Jenna Lundgren for the jazzercise lessons. You absolutely made me feel at home. Thank you to my dear Murray bike and sweet Sebastian for his huge ninja jumps in the corridor even if some people say he is a fat ass. Thank you Dr. James Harwood, and his entire lab from the Invertebrate Ecology Laboratory in the University of Lexington (Kentucky, US). James thanks so much for the chance to work with you and for bringing me to the Queensland. Thank you Kacey Athey for your help, it was a pleasure to work with you. Jason Schmidt, Katelyn Kowles, Hannah Penn, Thomas Whitney, Rebeca Lauren Wente, Eric Chapman and Nuria Macias thanks for your friendship. It was such a happy period in my life; I had so much fun getting to know you all. Mil gracias a dos personas únicas en mi vida: Teresa, mi madre y Tata, mi abuela. A mi madre por su coraje y fuerza, sus valores y todos los sacrificios hechos para darme siempre lo mejor. Por creer siempre en mí y quererme incondicionalmente. Cada día con tu ejemplo son una lección para mí. Y a Tata, que falleció durante el periodo de realización de esta tesis, por su autenticidad y ternura, por conformar la parte más afectiva de mi ser, por enseñarme a sonreír pase lo que pase, porque siempre hay cosas con las que sentirse feliz. A la memoria de mi abuelo por transmitirme el sentido de la responsabilidad y enseñarme cómo hacer un huerto. A mi padrino Rosendo, mi prima Bibi, Keko, y a la pizpireta de la casa Xili. A mis hermanos Sean y Eduardo por hacerme partícipe de sus vidas con tanto cariño. A mi padre Antonio por animarme a estudiar activando mi poder de superación. A Ancor por la paciencia, cariño y apoyo. A toda mi familia de Madrid y de Lleida. A mis amigos de La Coru, neno (Angie, Irene, Ana, María, Fátima, Maura, Pili, Bea, Isa, Fer y Lois ) y mis amigas de Madrid (Cris, Dori y Yolanda). También quisiera expresar mi profundo agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas a las que quizás no haya citado, pero a los que llevo en mi recuerdo. Muchas gracias de corazón a todos…¡¡Valéis un potosí!!. Table of contents Abbreviations 11 Summary 13 Resumen 15 Resum 17 Resumo 19 General introduction 21 Objectives 43 Chapter 1: Identification of the most common predatory hoverfies of Mediterranean vegetable crops and their parasitism by multiplex PCR. 45 Chapter 2: Identification of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in vegetable crops using molecular techniques. 55 Chapter 3: Molecular assessment of predation by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Mediterranean lettuce crops.
Recommended publications
  • The Predatory Mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) Community in Strawberry Agrocenosis
    Acta Universitatis Latviensis, Biology, 2004, Vol. 676, pp. 87–95 The predatory mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) community in strawberry agrocenosis Valentîna Petrova*, Ineta Salmane, Zigrîda Çudare Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Altogether 37 predatory mite species from 14 families (Parasitiformes and Acariformes) were collected using leaf sampling and pit-fall trapping in strawberry fi elds (1997 - 2001). Thirty- six were recorded on strawberries for the fi rst time in Latvia. Two species, Paragarmania mali (Oud.) (Aceosejidae) and Eugamasus crassitarsis (Hal.) (Parasitidae) were new for the fauna of Latvia. The most abundant predatory mite families (species) collected from strawberry leaves were Phytoseiidae (Amblyseius cucumeris Oud., A. aurescens A.-H., A. bicaudus Wainst., A. herbarius Wainst.) and Anystidae (Anystis baccarum L.); from pit-fall traps – Parasitidae (Poecilochirus necrophori Vitz. and Parasitus lunaris Berl.), Aceosejidae (Leioseius semiscissus Berl.) and Macrochelidae (Macrocheles glaber Müll). Key words: agrocenosis, diversity, predatory mites, strawberry. Introduction Predatory mites play an important ecological role in terrestrial ecosystems and they are increasingly being used in management for biocontrol of pest mites, thrips and nematodes (Easterbrook 1992; Wright, Chambers 1994; Croft et al. 1998; Cuthbertson et al. 2003). Many of these mites have a major infl uence on nutrient cycling, as they are predators on other arthropods (Santos 1985; Karg 1993; Koehler 1999). In total, investigations of mite fauna in Latvia were made by Grube (1859), who found 28 species, Eglītis (1954) – 50 species, Kuznetsov and Petrov (1984) – 85 species, Lapiņa (1988) – 207 species, and Salmane (2001) – 247 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Biological Control of Rosy Apple Aphid, Dysaphis Plantaginea (Passerini), in Eastern North America
    COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY Conservation Biological Control of Rosy Apple Aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), in Eastern North America 1 2 M. W. BROWN AND CLARISSA R. MATHEWS Environ. Entomol. 36(5): 1131Ð1139 (2007) ABSTRACT Because of the potentially serious damage rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae), can cause to apple fruit and branch development, prophylactic insecticides are often used for control. If biological control could be relied on, the amount of pesticide applied in orchards could be reduced. This study examined biological control of rosy apple aphid in eastern West Virginia and the potential for enhancement through conservation biological control, in particular, the effect of interplanting extraßoral nectar-bearing peach trees. By 20 d after Þrst bloom, only 2% of fundatrices initially present survived to form colonies based on regression of data from 687 colonies. Exclusion studies showed that many of the early colonies were probably destroyed by predation; the major predator responsible seemed to be adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Mortality before apple bloom was most important in controlling rosy apple aphid population growth but by itself is not sufÞciently reliable to prevent economic injury. Interplanting of extraßoral nectar-bearing trees did not increase biological control, and interplanting with 50% trees with extraßoral nectar glands reduced biological control. The number of leaf curl colonies in the 50% interplanted orchards was lower than in monoculture orchards, suggesting a preference of alate oviparae for more diverse habitats, supporting the resource concentration hypothesis but not at a level sufÞcient to prevent injury. Predation and parasitism after the formation of leaf curl colonies was not adequate to control rosy apple aphid populations.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Large-Scale Geographic Survey Provides Insights Into the Colonization History of a Major
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.11.421644; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-scale geographic survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major 2 aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa 3 4 Olvera-Vazquez S.G.1, Remoué C.1, Venon A.1, Rousselet A.1, Grandcolas O.1, Azrine M.1, 5 Momont L.1, Galan M.2, L. Benoit2, David G.3, Alhmedi A.4, Beliën T.4, Alins G.5, Franck 6 P.6, Haddioui A.7, Jacobsen S.K.8, Andreev R.9, Simon S.10, Sigsgaard L. 8, Guibert E.11, 7 Tournant L.12, Gazel F.13, Mody K.14, Khachtib Y. 7, Roman A.15, Ursu T.M.15, Zakharov I.A. 8 16, Belcram H.1, Harry M.17, Roth M.18, Simon J.C.19, Oram S.20, Ricard J.M.11, Agnello A.21, 9 Beers E. H.22, Engelman J.23, Balti I.24, Salhi-Hannachi A24, Zhang H.25, Tu H. 25, Mottet C.26, 10 Barrès B.26, Degrave A.27, Razmjou J. 28, Giraud T.3, Falque M.1, Dapena E.29, Miñarro, M.29, 11 Jardillier L.3, Deschamps P.3, Jousselin E.2, Cornille, A.1 12 13 1. Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190 14 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 2.
    [Show full text]
  • I Ohten Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Allgemeine Und Angewandte Entomologie E.V., Ulm 6
    i ohten Deutsche Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie e.V., Ulm 6. Jahrgang, Heft 1 ISSN 0931-4873 Februar 1992 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS AUS DEN ARBEITSKREISEN: AK "Nutzarthropoden", S. 2; AK "Dipteren", S. 13; Ankündigungen der AKe "Dipteren", S. 20; Einladung AK "Nutzarthropoden", S. 21; Einladung AK "Epigäische Raubarthropoden", S. 22; ÜBERSICHTEN ÜBER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ARBEITSGRUPPEN: Limnologische Flußstation Schlitz des MPI für Limnologie, S. 23; BITTE UM MITARBEIT (Staphylinidologen), S. 28; TAGUNGEN, S. 30; GESELLSCHAFTSNACHRICHTEN: Meigen-Medaille, S. 32; Neue Mitglieder, S. 37; Ehrenmitglieder, S. 38; Austritte 1991 und in 1991 ver- storbene Mitglieder, S. 38; Spendenbescheinigung, S. 39; Anschriftenänderun- gen; Mitgliedsbeiträge, Konten, Impressum, S. 40. !!! Studentische Mitglieder !!! Bitte unbedingt eine Studienbescheinigung an den Kassenwart senden, sofern nicht bereits im Wintersemester 1991/1992 geschehen. Wenn keine Studienbe- scheinigung vorliegt, muß der volle Mitgliedsbeitrag berechnet werden. Bitte beachten: Neue Anschrift des Kassenwartes: Dr. Paul Bernhard Koch Aligemeine Zoologie (Biologie I) Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 7900 Ulm Tel. 0731/502-2600, FAX 0731/502-2038 AUS DEN ARBEITSKREISEN Arbeitskreis "Nutzarthropoden" Die 10. Tagung des Arbeitskreises "Nutzarthropoden" fand am 18. und 19. Sep- tember 1991 im Landwirtschaftsamt, Karlsruhe-Durlach (Augustenberg) statt. Gastgeber waren Herr Amtsleiter A. BEEG und Herr P. DETZEL, Beratungsdienst "Nützlingseinsatz". Ungefähr 50 Kollegen nahmen Teil. Dabei wurden
    [Show full text]
  • Methyl Salicylate Increases Attraction and Function of Beneficial
    insects Article Methyl Salicylate Increases Attraction and Function of Beneficial Arthropods in Cranberries Jordano Salamanca 1,* , Brígida Souza 2, Vera Kyryczenko-Roth 3 and Cesar Rodriguez-Saona 3 1 Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá 110111, Colombia 2 Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brasil; [email protected]fla.br 3 P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; [email protected] (V.K.-R.); [email protected] (C.R.-S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-3046368906 Received: 29 October 2019; Accepted: 18 November 2019; Published: 25 November 2019 Abstract: Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is an herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) known to attract the natural enemies of herbivores in agro-ecosystems; however, whether this attraction leads to an increase in natural enemy functioning, i.e., predation, remains largely unknown. Here, we monitored for 2 years (2011–2012) the response of herbivores and natural enemies to MeSA lures (PredaLure) by using sticky and pitfall traps in cranberry bogs. In addition, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, egg masses were used to determine whether natural enemy attraction to MeSA leads to higher predation. In both years, MeSA increased adult hoverfly captures on sticky traps and augmented predation of O. nubilalis eggs. However, MeSA also attracted more phytophagous thrips and, in 2012, more plant bugs (Miridae) to sticky traps. Furthermore, we used surveillance cameras to record the identity of natural enemies attracted to MeSA and measure their predation rate.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of Amblyseius Andersoni (Chant) As a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Phytophagous Mites Occurring on Coniferous Plants
    insects Article A Preliminary Assessment of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Phytophagous Mites Occurring on Coniferous Plants Ewa Puchalska 1,* , Stanisław Kamil Zagrodzki 1, Marcin Kozak 2, Brian G. Rector 3 and Anna Mauer 1 1 Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (S.K.Z.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Department of Media, Journalism and Social Communication, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] 3 USDA-ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) is a predatory mite frequently used as a biocontrol agent against phytophagous mites in greenhouses, orchards and vineyards. In Europe, it is an indige- nous species, commonly found on various plants, including conifers. The present study examined whether A. andersoni can develop and reproduce while feeding on two key pests of ornamental coniferous plants, i.e., Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) and Pentamerismus taxi (Haller). Pinus sylvestris L. pollen was also tested as an alternative food source for the predator. Both prey species and pine pollen were suitable food sources for A. andersoni. Although higher values of population parameters Citation: Puchalska, E.; were observed when the predator fed on mites compared to the pollen alternative, we conclude that Zagrodzki, S.K.; Kozak, M.; pine pollen may provide adequate sustenance for A.
    [Show full text]
  • Coccinellidae)
    ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE LADYBIRD BEETLES (COCCINELLIDAE) Edited by I. Hodek, H.E van Emden and A. Honek ©WILEY-BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication CONTENTS Detailed contents, ix 8. NATURAL ENEMIES OF LADYBIRD BEETLES, 375 Contributors, xvii Piotr Ccryngier. Helen E. Roy and Remy L. Poland Preface, xviii 9. COCCINELLIDS AND [ntroduction, xix SEMIOCHEMICALS, 444 ]an Pettcrsson Taxonomic glossary, xx 10. QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF 1. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION, 1 COCCINELLIDS ON THEIR PREY, 465 Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf /. P. Mid'laud and James D. Harwood 2. GENETIC STUDIES, 13 11. COCCINELLIDS IN BIOLOGICAL John J. Sloggett and Alois Honek CONTROL, 488 /. P. Midland 3. LIFE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT, 54 12. RECENT PROGRESS AND POSSIBLE Oldrkli Nedved and Alois Honek FUTURE TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF COCCINELLIDAE, 520 4. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITATS, 110 Helmut /; van Emden and Ivo Hodek Alois Honek Appendix: List of Genera in Tribes and Subfamilies, 526 5. FOOD RELATIONSHIPS, 141 Ivo Hodek and Edward W. Evans Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf Subject index. 532 6. DIAPAUSE/DORMANCY, 275 Ivo Hodek Colour plate pages fall between pp. 250 and pp. 251 7. INTRAGUILD INTERACTIONS, 343 Eric Lucas VII DETAILED CONTENTS Contributors, xvii 1.4.9 Coccidulinae. 8 1.4.10 Scymninae. 9 Preface, xviii 1.5 Future Perspectives, 10 References. 10 Introduction, xix Taxonomic glossary, xx 2. GENETIC STUDIES, 13 John J. Sloggett and Alois Honek 1. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION, 1 2.1 Introduction, 14 Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf 2.2 Genome Size. 14 1.1 Position of the Family. 2 2.3 Chromosomes and Cytology.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Palm Mite, Raoiella Indica Hirst (Arachnida: Acari: Tenuipalpidae)1 Marjorie A
    EENY-397 Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Arachnida: Acari: Tenuipalpidae)1 Marjorie A. Hoy, Jorge Peña, and Ru Nguyen2 Introduction Description and Life Cycle The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst, a pest of several Mites in the family Tenuipalpidae are commonly called important ornamental and fruit-producing palm species, “false spider mites” and are all plant feeders. However, has invaded the Western Hemisphere and is in the process only a few species of tenuipalpids in a few genera are of of colonizing islands in the Caribbean, as well as other areas economic importance. The tenuipalpids have stylet-like on the mainland. mouthparts (a stylophore) similar to that of spider mites (Tetranychidae). The mouthparts are long, U-shaped, with Distribution whiplike chelicerae that are used for piercing plant tissues. Tenuipalpids feed by inserting their chelicerae into plant Until recently, the red palm mite was found in India, Egypt, tissue and removing the cell contents. These mites are small Israel, Mauritius, Reunion, Sudan, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, and flat and usually feed on the under surface of leaves. and the United Arab Emirates. However, in 2004, this pest They are slow moving and do not produce silk, as do many was detected in Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. tetranychid (spider mite) species. Martin, Saint Lucia, Trinidad, and Tobago in the Caribbean. In November 2006, this pest was found in Puerto Rico. Adults: Females of Raoiella indica average 245 microns (0.01 inches) long and 182 microns (0.007 inches) wide, are In 2007, the red palm mite was discovered in Florida. As of oval and reddish in color.
    [Show full text]
  • Rvk-Diss Digi
    University of Groningen Of dwarves and giants van Klink, Roel IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): van Klink, R. (2014). Of dwarves and giants: How large herbivores shape arthropod communities on salt marshes. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 01-10-2021 Of Dwarves and Giants How large herbivores shape arthropod communities on salt marshes Roel van Klink This PhD-project was carried out at the Community and Conservation Ecology group, which is part of the Centre for Ecological and Environmental Studies of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Incremental Increases of the Herbicide Glyphosate Have Indirect Consequences for Spider Communities?
    2002. The Journal of Arachnology 30:288±297 DO INCREMENTAL INCREASES OF THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE HAVE INDIRECT CONSEQUENCES FOR SPIDER COMMUNITIES? James R. Bell: School of Life Sciences, University of Surrey Roehampton, Whitelands College, West Hill, London SW15 3SN, UK Alison J. Haughton1: Crop and Environment Research Centre, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK Nigel D. Boatman2: Allerton Research and Educational Trust, Loddington House, Loddington, Leicestershire, LE7 9XE, UK Andrew Wilcox: Crop and Environment Research Centre, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK ABSTRACT. We examined the indirect effect of the herbicide glyphosate on ®eld margin spider com- munities. Glyphosate was applied to two replicated (n 5 8 per treatment) randomized ®eld experiments over two years in 1997±1998. Spiders were sampled using a modi®ed garden vac monthly from May± October in the following treatments: 1997 comprised 90g, 180g, & 360g active ingredient (a.i.) glyphosate ha21 treatments and an unsprayed control; 1998 comprised 360g, 720g and 1440g a.i. glyphosate ha21 treatments and an unsprayed control. We examined the indirect effect of glyphosate on the spider com- munity using DECORANA (DCA), an indirect form of gradient analysis. We subjected DCA-derived Euclidean distances (one a measure of beta diversity and the other a measure of variability), to the scrutiny of a repeated measures ANOVA design. We found that species turnover and cluster variation did not differ signi®cantly between treatments. We attribute the lack of any effect to a large number of common agricultural species which are never eliminated from a habitat, but are instead signi®cantly reduced.
    [Show full text]
  • 196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 a Revised Checklist of the Spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection Criteria and Lists
    196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection criteria and lists Alastair Lavery The checklist has two main sections; List A contains all Burach, Carnbo, species proved or suspected to be established and List B Kinross, KY13 0NX species recorded only in specific circumstances. email: [email protected] The criterion for inclusion in list A is evidence that self- sustaining populations of the species are established within Great Britain and Ireland. This is taken to include records Abstract from the same site over a number of years or from a number A revised checklist of spider species found in Great Britain and of sites. Species not recorded after 1919, one hundred years Ireland is presented together with their national distributions, before the publication of this list, are not included, though national and international conservation statuses and syn- this has not been applied strictly for Irish species because of onymies. The list allows users to access the sources most often substantially lower recording levels. used in studying spiders on the archipelago. The list does not differentiate between species naturally Keywords: Araneae • Europe occurring and those that have established with human assis- tance; in practice this can be very difficult to determine. Introduction List A: species established in natural or semi-natural A checklist can have multiple purposes. Its primary pur- habitats pose is to provide an up-to-date list of the species found in the geographical area and, as in this case, to major divisions The main species list, List A1, includes all species found within that area.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Syrphidae)
    A revision of Nearctic Dasysyrphus (Diptera: Syrphidae) Michelle Mary Locke A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2012 Michelle Mary Locke Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91543-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91543-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]