Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology

Yiguo Deng1, Yuan Zhang1*, Lijiao Wei1, Yeqin Wang1, Zhiyang Zhang2,3, Shengli Liu4, Ming Li1, Xuehu Dong1 and Jianhua Cao2 1Tropical Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, , 2Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China 3Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. of YIWU, Zhanjiang,China 4The Center of CangLong Agricultural Technology Service for Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang,China {dyg7810}@21cn.com,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],105156 [email protected]

Keywords: Rubber, fertilization, visual monitoring, research and development.

Abstract: This article describes in detail the integration of a set of functional, agricultural machinery management agencies, service agencies, and users composed of three linkage management technology. The technology will be fixed-point positioning of agricultural tools, job trajectory, image acquisition, workload calculation, index detection, agricultural management and other functions close in the management of agricultural operations management environment, the macro-management of agricultural machinery, command and control scheduling, operational statistics, development decisions and individual management play a positive role in promoting. Test: Based on the visual monitoring technology, the rubber plant ditching and fertilizing combined operation machine can finish the joint operation of ditching, fertilizing and earthing at one time to achieve the purpose of avoiding the volatilization and loss of the limited water in the soil, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate, efficiency, and lowing cost. The machine is equipped with Dongfanghong 804 tractor, ditching depth up to 45cm, productivity 1.63hm2/h, fuel consumption 3.4Kg/hm2, fertilization uniformity 92.3%, the coverage rate is up to 96.9%.

1 INTRODUCTION In the natural rubber production cycle need to rubber tree ditching, fertilization and other Natural rubber is an important strategic material. It management operations to meet the needs of the is also one of the important cash crops, unique growth of natural rubber. Fertilization is one of the resources and pillar industries in the tropics in our important measures of rapid growth and high yield country. It plays an important role in promoting the of rubber trees. Rubber trees that have already adjustment of agricultural structure in the hot zone started to cut rubber need to be pressed and fertilized and increasing farmers' income. In order to every year. After they stop cutting, they dig the encourage the development of the natural rubber green ditch (about 40cm in depth), press and spread industry, the state started the seedling subsidy the green, and then cover the soil. General project of natural rubber seed. The Ministry of fertilization per acre 250 ~ 300kg, during the cut cut, 2 Agriculture also formulated and promulgated the you need to top-dressing 750kg/hm . At present, the "Regional Layout for the Advantages of Natural basic fertilization of rubber plantations use special Rubber", clarifying the advantages of the three organic fertilizer, the main fertilizer to powder, but major natural rubber planting areas in Hainan, also granular. The late 90s of last century, the Yunnan and . In recent years, it is Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute actively rehabilitating the natural rubber plantation of Agricultural Machinery and Qujie area with a planting area of more than 1800 mu and friendly farm tools factory cooperation on the rubber is one of the major One of the agricultural industries forest fertilizer machine, ditching and plow furrow (ZHANG Yuan, 2016). plow was studied, developed a plastic ditching plow,

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Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Wei, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Li, M., Dong, X. and Cao, J. Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology. In 3rd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT 2018), pages 621-626 ISBN: 978-989-758-312-4 Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

ICECTT 2018 - 3rd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation fertilization Machine and pressed green plow were 2 DESIGN OF WHOLE applied in small scale in Qujie Town, Xuwen STRUCTURE AND County, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province (Figure 1), and achieved good economic and social MONITORING SYSTEM OF benefits (ZHANG Yuan, 2016). However, there FERTILIZER APPLICATION were still some problems that affected their further promotion application. Such as fertilization machine 2.1 Structural features with two rows of operations, the rubber tree root damage more serious, only 20 ~ 30cm depth of Based on the visual monitoring technology, the ditching, reducing fertilizer efficiency, and fertilizer rubber plant ditching and fertilization combined is not uniform. However, ditching and pressing are operation machine is designed with the technical all single tasks with low efficiency and labor ideas of combination of functions, comprehensive intensity, and there are many problems such as performance and remote management. The standard stealing, leakage and acceptance difficulties in the three-point rear suspension mainly includes the management process. Abroad on the plastic garden frame, suspension system, ditching system, ditching, fertilizer and other management machinery Transmission system, remote monitoring system, research is rare, rare reports. etc., among which the fertilizer device includes a worm gear transmission, a main transmission shaft, a fertilizer tank, a disc, a scraper, a fertilizer hopper, a transmission shaft, a drainage pipe and a connecting frame. The whole machine should be able to complete a one-time rubber plant ditching, fertilizing, earthwork and other joint operations and remote office management functions. Machine structure shown in Figure 2. Figure 1: Double row fertilizers for rubber.

At the same time, as the economy continues to develop, the labor force continues to move to the cities (WANG Yeqin, 2016; Shi Yinyan, 2017; Li Hongjun, 2017). There are fewer and fewer workers willing to engage in rubber plantation management and the rubber plantation faces no one's control. Therefore, in order to reduce the labor intensity of rubber-field management workers, improve work efficiency, and strengthen the long-term monitoring Figure 2: The main structure for rubber fertilizer machine. and management of agricultural implements and agricultural materials to further reduce the cost of Machine has the following characteristics: production management, develop a tractor First, the whole machine is designed according to supporting plasticized ditching and fertilizing the technical ideas of function combination, combined operation machine , To replace the structure combination and performance manual fertilization operation will be the inevitable comprehensiveness, and the matching power is trend of the future development of rubber plant moderate. Compared with the present management ditching fertilization equipment. status, the machine can complete the ditching, fertilizing and earthworking together at one time to avoid the limited Volatilization and loss of moisture, thereby increasing fertilizer efficiency, high efficiency and low cost (ZHANG Yuan, 2017). Second is the use of frame-type rack structure, open plow, soil cover and fertilization mechanism and the use of bolting connection with the rack bolting method, fertilizer institutions do not work, the dynamic match only to achieve trenching operations; such as the bolt disassembled after

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Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology

matching other components , To meet the other c.Acceleration sensor: obtain real-time machine rack use, to achieve the rack of versatility. acceleration of agricultural machinery, when the Third, the installation of fertilizer monitoring and agricultural machinery complex operating conditions, alarm system, through four high-definition camera the "turbulent forward" acceleration inevitably monitoring system, the driver can observe the status changes rapidly, the statistical variance is much of fertilization and soil cultivation effect through the larger than other operations display at any time during the work process. The use d.Image Sensor: Obtain agricultural work images, of wireless voice alarm system real-time monitoring using image processing algorithms to extract of fertilizer use, the alarm host number 1.2.3.4, when relevant information. the fertilizer exhausted or can not be smooth e.plow body identification sensor: to obtain the fertilizer, will monitor the changes in the amount of type of agricultural machinery. fat will be no fat alarm number transmitted to the The specific core components of the installation bee Alarm and alarm, cab staff through the alarm to location shown in Figure 3. monitor fertilizer operation or stop operations to ensure fertilization continuity, to solve the original drivers need to often look back and highly nervous, prone to fatigue and other issues (Zhu Yongren, 2017; Xie Jingfen, 2017; Yang Cheng, 2017).

2.2 working principle

As the tractor moves forward, the ditching plow begins to dig in and ditches. At the same time, the tractor power is transmitted to the power transmission shaft through the power output shaft, the universal transmission assembly is transmitted to the gearbox of the implement, the speed is reduced Figure 3: Remote monitoring system installation of the main parts. by a pair of bevel gears and the direction is changed, Until the worm gear decelerates and changes the direction of transmission to drive the disk in the fertilizer application device to rotate (Liu Jinbao, 3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 2017; Wu Yujuan, 2017). As the mixed fertilizer passes through the conical hopper and falls onto the Based on the visual monitoring technology, the disk, the rotating disk moves the mixed fertilizer rubber plant ditching and fertilization combined along the scraper and in the lateral direction Offset operation machine was tested in the field of rubber and along the edge of the disk down to the next mechanization demonstration base of Guangdong fertilizer funnel, and then by the next fertilizer, so as Friendly Farm in Xuwen County, Zhanjiang, to directly and quantitatively directly drop the ditch Guangdong Province. The field test was flat with an to open a good furrow ditch, at the same time, ditch area of 0.67hm2 and rubber planting distance of 4.8- plow side of the soil and continuous friction soil 5.8m. Rubber density of 25 to 33 plants / mu. self-coverage Fertilizers to complete the ditching, Dongfanghong 804 tractor matching machine, the fertilization and earthwork and other operations. main test results in Table 1:

2.3 Monitoring system components and installation location

Remote monitoring system's core components include: mainframe, camera, digital display, GPS antenna, sensor groups and ancillary components. Which sensors are: a.Power Sensor: measure real-time power of agricultural machinery b.Speed sensor: measure the real-time speed of agricultural machinery

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Table 1: This caption has one line so it is centered. index result Pure working hours productivity 1.63 (hm2/h) Operating hours productivity 1.21 (hm2 / h) Fuel consumption per unit area 3.4 ( kg / hm2) Figure 5: Agricultural machine trajectory query map The amount of fertilizer per unit 2 1206 area(kg/ hm ) C.Image information collection function Ditch depth( cm)45Description: When the farm machinery is Ditch depth stability(%) 88.7 activated, the platform operator can take pictures in Fertilizer uniformity(%) 92.3 Fertilizer coverag(%) 96.9 real time through the camera module of the remote Fertilizer breaking rate(%) 0 monitoring equipment terminal. The image is The whole machine is working properly, remote transmitted to the image server by using the network monitoring system better play a monitoring role, the of the device. If the signal is unstable, the image operator of agricultural machinery with the fails to be transmitted, and the device automatically corresponding guidance. Specific functions are as stores the image, and sends the image to the image follows: server when the signal is in a pause. The image A.Automatic positioning of agricultural server will store every image uploaded by each machinery agricultural machine for customers to invoke Description: Machine through the remote viewing and other functions (job statistics, etc.) of monitoring of agricultural machinery installed on the the call. terminal equipment, the agricultural machinery of Application examples shown in Figure 6: the geographical location, driving status, speed, direction and other data transmitted to the server, and then through the background data calibration system check, put these data to the platform and in The map depicts the real-time location of the farm machinery. Application examples shown in Figure 4: Figure 6: Agricultural machinery image acquisition map

D.Agricultural machinery area calculation function Description: The system analyzes the agricultural locomotive locating data, farm machinery image information and time-series statistical data, and calculates the farmwork area using the unit Figure 4: Agricultural machinery positioning map integration approximation algorithm. Its working principle is similar to measuring acres instrument, B.Agricultural track query function taking into account the disturbing factors of Description: The system will be agricultural agricultural non-farming tracks (Song Xuefeng, positioning data to describe the formation of 2017). trajectory. The trajectory can be depicted at once so Application examples shown in Figure 7: as to show the overall driving situation. The trajectory can also be simulated point-by-point and point-by-point. Application examples shown in Figure 5:

Figure 7: Agricultural machinery summary map

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Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology

E.Agricultural operation indicators detection ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Description: According to the multi-sensor on the remote monitoring equipment of agricultural This work was financially supported by the Central machinery, the relevant data of agricultural Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research machinery torque are uploaded to the server, and the Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural system judges whether the agricultural machinery is Sciences(1630132016015&1630022015018);2017 in working status according to the above data and provincial agricultural development and rural work the occurrence time of the operation. Such as special "natural rubber processing of key agricultural machinery ongoing operation will technologies in Thailand application"(Yue Nongji automatically open the image acquisition function, [2017] No.39);Public Welfare Research and the system based on intelligent image recognition Capacity Building of Guangdong Province system, combined with soil conditions set by the (2017A02028012);Collaborative innovation and calculation of indicators. platform environment construction special of Application examples shown in Figure 8: Guangdong Province (2017A040406003);Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Provincial(20155204); Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630132017003)and Science and Technology Program special of Zhanjiang City(2015A03023) . I would like to thank the members of the research group for their selfless help, especially the communication author Zhang Yuan,and the friendly Figure 8: Agricultural machinery data analysis farms in Guangdong Province for the project test of strong support. 4 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES a.The basic successful application of a set of functions set of agricultural machinery management ZHANG Yuan,DENG Yiguo,WEI Lijiao,etc.Development agencies, service agencies, users composed of three and Experimental Analysis of Ditching Fertilizer linkage management technology, the positioning of Application in Rubber[J].Modern Agricultural the farm tools, job trajectory, image acquisition, Equipment,2016.224（5）:50-54. workload calculation, index detection, agricultural ZHANG Yuan,DENG Yiguo,WEI Lijiao,etc.Development management and other functions close Combining and Experimental Analysis of Ditching Fertilizer and serving the management environment of Application in Rubber[J].Modern Agricultural agricultural machinery, it plays a positive role in Equipment,2016.224（5）:50-54. promoting the macro management, command and WANG Yeqin,DENG Yiguo,ZHANG Yuan,etc.Design of dispatch, operation statistics, development decision- natural rubber precision ditch fertilization making and individual management of agricultural machine[J].Advances in Intelligent Systems machinery. Research,2016.vol.154:719-724. Shi Yinyan,Chen Man,Wang Xiaoyue,etc.Analysis and b.The rubber plantation ditching and fertilization Experiment of Fertilizing Performance for Precision combined operation machine based on visual Fertilizer Applicator in Rice and Wheat monitoring technology basically fulfilled the Fields[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for requirement of synchronous dredging and fertilizing Agricultural Machinery,2017,(8): 97-103. agronomy in rubber plantation field, in line with the Li Hongjun,Jia Rongcong.Intelligent fertilization machine development direction of modern agricultural design[J].Electronics World,2017,(17): 187. machinery. Equipped with Dongfanghong 804 ZHANG Yuan,WEI Lijiao,DENG Yiguo,etc.Test and tractor, the machine can reach a depth of 45cm, a Effect Evaluation of 3XSP-1 Rubber production rate of 1.63hm2 / h, an oil consumption Fertilizer[J].Modern Agricultural Equipment,2017.226 （1）:37-41. of 3.4kg / hm2, a uniform fertilizer rate of 92.3% Zhu Yongren.Design of Orchard's Machine Structure with and a coverage rate of 96.9%, which can effectively Ditching and Deep Fertilizing[J].Journal of increase production efficiency and reduce Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,(12): 102- production costs. 106.

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