75th Annual Vertical Flight Society Forum and Technology Display (FORUM 75)
The Future of Vertical Flight
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 13-16 May 2019
Volume 1 of 5
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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
ACOUSTICS I
AURALIZATION OF UNSTEADY ROTOR NOISE USING A SOLUTION TO THE FFOWCS WILLIAMS- HAWKINGS EQUATION ...... 1 Siddhartha Krishnamurthy, Brian C. Tuttle, Stephen A. Rizzi
DYNAMIC REPLANNING OF LOW NOISE ROTORCRAFT OPERATIONS...... 11 Eric Greenwood
PREDICTION OF ROTORCRAFT BROADBAND TRAILING-EDGE NOISE AND PARAMETER SENSITIVITY STUDY...... 20 Sicheng Li, Seongkyu Lee
IDENTIFICATION AND PREDICTION OF BROADBAND NOISE FOR A SMALL QUADCOPTER ...... 33 Nicole A. Pettingill, Nikolas S. Zawodny
POWERFLOW SIMULATIONS OF HELICOPTERS IN BLADE-VORTEX INTERACTION CONDITIONS ...... 49 Gianluca Romani, Damiano Casalino
IN SITU DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF FLY NEIGHBORLY NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES FOR HELICOPTERS...... 61 Juliet A. Page, Amanda S. Rapoza, Eric W. Jacobs
EXPANDING HELICOPTER NOISE SIMULATION SCOPE, BASED ON HIGH-FIDELITY CFD...... 76 Manuel Keßler
AEROACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF UAV-SCALE CYCLOIDAL ROTOR: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH...... 89 Atanu Halder, Adam Kellen, Moble Benedict
ACOUSTICS II
VALIDATION OF HELICOPTER NOISE PREDICTION SYSTEM WITH FLIGHT DATA...... 109 Mrulani Botre, Kenneth S. Brentner, Joseph F. Horn, Daniel Wachspress
ON THE USE OF CFD FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LOW-FIDELITY BLADE-VORTEX INTERACTION PREDICTION CODE...... 130 Gabriel Reboul, Fabrice Falissard
REGARDING THE PERCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BROADBAND COMPONENTS OF HELICOPTER SOURCE NOISE ...... 140 Andrew Christian, Jarrett Caston, Eric Greenwood
ACOUSTIC TESTING OF THE TILTROTOR TEST RIG IN THE NATIONAL FULL-SCALE AERODYNAMICS COMPLEX 40- BY 80-FOOT WIND TUNNEL...... 156 Natasha L. Schatzman, Carlos Malpica
EFFECT OF PITCH ATTITUDE ON THE PERFORMANCE AND ACOUSTICS OF A LIFT-OFFSET COAXIAL ROTOR BASED ON HIGH-FIDELITY CFD/CSD SIMULATIONS...... 167 Zhongqi Zia, Seongkyu Lee, Kalki Sharma, Kenneth S. Brentner
PERFORMANCE AND ACOUSTICS OF SMALL ROTORS WITH NON-UNIFORM BLADE SPACING ...... 185 Matthew W. Floros
AEROACOUSTIC MODELING OF AN EVTOL SLOWED ROTOR WINGED COMPOUND AIRCRAFT ...... 198 Todd Quackenbush, Daniel Wachspress, Luigi Ricci Moretti, Dinesh Barwey, Robert H. Lewis, Kenneth Brentner
ACOUSTICS III
TONAL NOISE CONTROL USING ROTOR PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION ...... 212 Noah H. Schiller, Kyle A. Pascioni, Nikolas S. Zawodny
HIGH-FIDELITY MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF LOW-NOISE ROTORCRAFT ...... 224 Li Wang, Boris Diskin, Leonard V. Lopes, Eric J. Nielsen, Elizabeth Lee-Rausch, Robert T. Biedron
ACOUSTIC SCALING FOR SMALL ROTORS IN HOVER ...... 237 Charles E. Tinney, John Valdez
ROTOR/AIRFRAME AEROACOUSTIC PREDICTION FOR EVTOL UAM AIRCRAFT...... 248 Daniel A. Wachspress, Michael K. Yu, Kenneth S. Brentner
COMPARISON OF ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS USING DISTRIBUTED AND COMPACT AIRLOADS...... 260 Matthew Misiorowski, Farhan Gandhi, Phuriwat Anusonti-Inthra
AEROACOUSTIC STUDY OF LIFT OFFSET COAXIAL ROTOR USING FREE WAKE ANALYSIS ...... 272 Kalki Sharma, Kenneth S. Brentner, Zhongqi Jia, Seongkyu Lee
NOISE PREDICTION OF MULTI-ROTOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE CONSIDERING WAKE INTERACTION EFFECTS ...... 289 Hakjin Lee, Duck-Joo Lee
ADVANCED VERTICAL FLIGHT I
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A HIGHLY EFFICIENT VTOL SYSTEM BASED ON TETHERED FIXED- WING AIRCRAFT ...... 298 John Bass, Francis Marois, Étienne Demers Bouchard, Andrew Bellocchio, Arthur Murphy, Michel Lacerda, Daniel Schrage, Nicolas Courtois, Dino Mehanovic, Richard-Alexandre Peloquin, David Rancourt
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF VERTICAL LIFTING CAPABILITIES OF CIRCLING TETHERED FIXED WING UAVS ...... 313 Bruno Chapdelaine, Guillaume Ledoux, David Rancourt
CFD VALIDATION OF SMALL QUADROTOR PERFORMANCE USING CREATE™-AV HELIOS...... 323 Austin D. Thai, Rohit Jain, Sheryl M. Grace
DEVELOPMENT OF A GUN-LAUNCHED ROTARY-WING MICRO AIR VEHICLE...... 338 Hunter Denton, Moble Benedict, Hao Kang, Vikram Hrishikeshavan
FLIGHT DYNAMICS IDENTIFICATION, MANEUVERABILITY, AND GUST TOLERANCE OF A ROBOTIC HUMMINGBIRD IN HOVER...... 350 David Coleman, Moble Benedict
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF A ROBOTIC BOOMERANG...... 375 Prashant Singh, Abhishek
CONTROLLING A HIGHLY GYROSCOPIC VTOL MAV...... 389 Lee Whitcher, Manan Gandhi, Eric Johnson, Evangelos Theodorou
ADVANCED VERTICAL FLIGHT II
PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF THE F-HELIX EVTOL CONCEPT ...... 403 Umberto Saetti, Jacob Enciu, Joseph F. Horn
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE SIDE-BY-SIDE URBAN AIR TAXI CONCEPT...... 416 Patricia Ventura Diaz, Wayne Johnson, Jasim Ahmad, Seokkwan Yoon
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL AND BATTERY HYBRID ARCHITECTURE FOR RANGE EXTENSION OF ELECTRIC VTOL (EVTOL) AIRCRAFT...... 435 Wanyi Ng, Mrinalgouda Patil, Anubhav Datta
THE RAPID DESIGN TO PROTOTYPE PROCESS OF THE HUMMINGBUZZ INDIVIDUAL FLYING MACHINE ...... 454 Alistair Sequeira, Zujia Huang, Dongjin Park, Srujal Patel, Daniel Schrage, Michel Lacerda
JAUNT: DESIGN, BUILD, AND TEST OF AN EVTOL AIRCRAFT FOR URBAN AIR MOBILITY...... 478 Kaydon A. Stanzione, Daniel P. Schrage, Apinut Sirirojvisuth
ADVANCED VERTICAL FLIGHT III
THE CHALLENGES FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE DRIVE SHAFT IN THE RACER'S WING CONFIGURATION ...... 485 Martin Blacha, Adrianna Garcia-Rios, Marc Schelcher
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLUIDIC OSCILLATORS FOR FLOW CONTROL ...... 496 Nicholson K. Koukpaizan, Daniel J. Heathcote, Ari Glezer, Marilyn J. Smith
FLIGHT POWER MODELING OF VTOL AIRCRAFT FOR EXPLORATION OF TITAN ...... 512 Daiju Uehara, Jayant Sirohi, Larry Matthies
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF TRAILING EDGE FLUIDIC ACTUATION FOR ROTOR BLADE VIBRATION CONTROL...... 526 Ryan P. Patterson, Peretz P. Friedmann, Yuehan Tan, Ari Glezer
GROUND AND FLIGHT TESTS OF A CABLE-DRIVEN FOUR-BAR LINKAGE ROBOTIC LANDING GEAR FOR ROTORCRAFT (LICHTEN AWARD PAPER)...... 542 Benjamin León, Julian J. Rimoli, Claudio V. Di Leo
A SYSTEMATIC CFD-BASED EXAMINATION OF ROTOR-ROTOR SEPARATION EFFECTS ON INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS FOR LARGE EVTOL AIRCRAFT...... 559 Richard Healy, Matthew Misiorowski, Farhan Gandhi
COMMON RESEARCH CONFIGURATION FOR COLLABORATIVE ADVANCEMENT OF SCALABLE VTOL UAS TECHNOLOGIES...... 569 Rajneesh Singh, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, Jayant Sirohi
AERODYNAMICS I
COMPARISON OF ROTOR - FUSELAGE FLOW FIELDS AND UNSTEADY TAIL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO CFD CODES AND EXPERIMENT...... 580 Peter F. Lorber, Byung-Young Min, Jinggen Zhao
CFD CALCULATIONS OF THE XV-15 TILTROTOR DURING TRANSITION...... 597 Steven Tran, Joon Lim, Gerardo Nunez, Andrew Wissink, Graham Bowen-Davies
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PROPROTOR AND WING INTERACTIONS IN TILTROTOR AIRCRAFT ...... 614 Joon W. Lim
HIGH-FIDELITY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF DUCTED AND COAXIAL ROTORS FOR URBAN AIR MOBILITY ...... 626 Rafael Caracuel Rubio, Patricia Ventura Diaz, Seokkwan Yoon
SIMULATION OF ROTOR–EMPENNAGE INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS IN COMPARISON TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA...... 644 Markus Rinker, Tobias Ries, Martin Embacher, Stefan Platzer, Gregory Uhl, Manfred Hajek
AERODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS ON AIRBUS HELICOPTERS' COMPOUND HELICOPTER RACER IN CRUISE FLIGHT ...... 663 Felix Frey, Jakob Thiemeier, Constantin Öhrle, Manuel Keßler, Ewald Krämer
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ROTOR-BLOWN-WING FOR EVTOL APPLICATIONS...... 682 Matthew Misiorowski, Farhan Gandhi, Phuriwat Anusonti-Inthra
AERODYNAMICS II
INTEGRATION OF FINITE STATE DYNAMIC WAKE MODEL FOR ROTOR INTERFERENCE WITH COMPREHENSIVE ROTORCRAFT ANALYSIS ...... 696 Jeewoong Kim, Chengjian He, Hossein Saberi, David A. Peters
AIRFRAME DRAG COMPUTATION AND VALIDATION OF AN AH-64 ...... 709 Hormoz Tadghighi, Nicholas J. Moffitt
VOLUME 2
EXTRACTION OF DYNAMIC INFLOW MODELS FOR COAXIAL AND TANDEM ROTORS FROM CFD SIMULATIONS...... 719 Po-Wei Chen, Lakshmi N. Sankar, J. V. R. Prasad, Natasha L. Schatzman, R. Ganesh Rajagopalan
ITERATIVE BLADE ELEMENT MOMENTUM THEORY FOR A COAXIAL ROTOR...... 729 Seongkyu Lee, Maxime Dassonville
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ROTOR SLIPSTREAM OSCILLATIONS IN THE GROUND EFFECT ...... 741 Pawel Ruchala, Adam Dziubinski, Wit Stryczniewicz, Malgorzata Wojtas, Kazimierz Szumanski
FULL-CONFIGURATION CFD ANALYSIS OF THE S-97 RAIDER™...... 748 Patrick O. Bowles, Claude Matalanis, Margaret Battisti, Byung-Young Min, Brian E. Wake, Nicholas Tuozzo, Peter F. Lorber
INFLOW SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR COAXIAL-PUSHER ROTORCRAFT IN CRUISING FLIGHT...... 760 Sean Hersey, Roberto Celi, Ondrej Juhasz, Mark B. Tischler
AERODYNAMICS III
HELICOPTER ROTOR BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION MEASUREMENT IN FORWARD FLIGHT USING AN INFRARED CAMERA ...... 779 A. D. Gardner, C. C. Wolf, J. T. Heineck, M. Barnett, M. Raffel
A FULL-SCALE ROTOR-WAKE INVESTIGATION OF A FREE-FLYING HELICOPTER IN GROUND EFFECT USING BOS AND PIV...... 792 Clemens Schwartz, André Bauknecht, C. Christian Wolf, Alexander Coyle, Markus Raffel
BLADE TIP-VORTICES OF A FOUR-BLADED ROTOR WITH AXIAL INFLOW...... 815 Andreas Goerttler, Johannes N. Braukmann, C. Christian Wolf, Anthony D. Gardner, Markus Raffel
SUCTION AND OSCILLATORY BLOWING FLOW CONTROL OF EXTERNAL STORE SUPPORT SYSTEM FLIGHT HARDWARE ...... 828 David Schatzman, Jacob Wilson, Ofek Drori, Avraham Seifert
ROTORWASH CHARACTERIZATION OF A COUNTER-ROTATING CO-AXIAL ROTOR SYSTEM...... 844 Lokesh Silwal, Karlyle Munz, Vrishank Raghav
COAXIAL ROTOR WAKE MEASUREMENTS IN HOVER USING PHASE-RESOLVED AND TIME- RESOLVED PIV ...... 859 Patrick Mortimer, Jayant Sirohi, Stefan Platzer, Jürgen Rauleder
PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF HOVER IN-GROUND-EFFECT OVER SLOPED TERRAIN ...... 872 John K. Tritschler, Joseph I. Milluzzo, John M. Holder
AERODYNAMICS IV
COMPUTATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION FOR A ROTOR IN FORWARD-FLIGHT CONDITIONS...... 891 Jared A. Carnes, James G. Coder
EFFECTS OF TRANSITION MODELING ON THE SIMULATION OF HELICOPTER ROTOR HUBS...... 908 James G. Coder
UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION FOR LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION ON AIRFOIL AND FUSELAGE...... 917 Yong Su Jung, James Baeder
ASSESSMENT OF HPCMP CREATE™-AV HELIOS FOR INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS OF HUB WAKES IMPINGING ON A HORIZONTAL STABILIZER...... 933 Mark Potsdam, Jayanarayanan Sitaraman
VALIDATION OF BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION COMPUTATIONS FOR A ROTOR WITH AXIAL INFLOW...... 950 Kurt Kaufmann, Philip Ströer, François Richez, Caroline Lienard, Patrick Gardarein, Normann Krimmelbein, Anthony D. Gardner
2ND ROTOR HUB FLOW PREDICTION WORKSHOP EXPERIMENTAL DATA CAMPAIGNS & COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSES ...... 966 Sven Schmitz, Charles Tierney, Leonard Metkowski, David Reich, Nicholas Jaffa, Louis R. Centolanza, Mathew L. Thomas
PREDICTION OF ROTOR HUB FLOW USING MERCURY FRAMEWORK ...... 981 Bumseok Lee, Yong Su Jung, Dylan Jude, James Baeder
AERODYNAMICS V
COLLABORATIVE AIRFOIL DESIGN FOR DYNAMIC STALL PERFORMANCE ...... 993 Vineet Ahuja, Stephen Barr, Pourya Nikoueeyan, Tanner Harms, Jonathan Naughton, Mark Potsdam
SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC STALL ON AN ELASTIC ROTOR IN HIGH-SPEED TURN FLIGHT...... 1007 Johannes Letzgus, Manuel Keßler, Ewald Krämer
INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE ROTOR DESIGN AND CONTROL FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT ...... 1020 Dominik Komp, Sumeet Kumar, Amine Abdelmoula, Manfred Hajek, Jürgen Rauleder
ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CFD PERFORMANCE PREDICTION CAPABILITIES FOR NOVEL ROTOR BLADE PLANFORMS...... 1036 Thomas Fitzgibbon, Mark Woodgate, George Barakos
EXPERIMENTS ON FLOW CONTROL OF THE ROTOR VIA SYNTHETIC JETS ...... 1053 Xi Chen, Qijun Zhao, Bo Wang, Yiyang Ma
RACER AERO-ACOUSTIC PROPELLER ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ...... 1062 J. Decours, J. Bailly, B. Ortun, S. Canard-Caruana, Y. Delrieux, R. Fukari, F. Guntzer
DATA-DRIVEN OPTIMAL BASIS CLUSTERING TO CHARACTERIZE CYCLE-TO-CYCLE VARIATIONS IN DYNAMIC STALL MEASUREMENTS ...... 1075 Manikandan Ramasamy, Armaun Sanayei, Jacob S. Wilson, Preston B. Martin, Tanner Harms, Pourya Nikoueeyan, Jonathan Naughton
AIRCRAFT DESIGN I
VTOL CONCEPTS FOR UNMANNED PAYLOAD DELIVERY APPLICATIONS...... 1103 Michael Avera
LINEARLY VARIABLE CHORD-EXTENSION MORPHING FOR HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADES...... 1111 Rohin K. Majeti, Berend G. Van Der Wall, Christoph G. Q Balzarek
DESIGN OF SERVO-FLAP HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADES WITH FORWARD SWEPT WINGTIPS...... 1125 Fu-Shang Wei, David A. Peters
CFD BASED DESIGN OF HELICOPTER TAIL BOOM PROFILE FOR HOVER AND SIDEWARD FLIGHT PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT ...... 1133 Alper Ezertas, Baris Can, Osman Güngör, Yüksel Ortakaya
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE RENSSELAER MULTICOPTER ANALYSIS CODE (RMAC): A PHYSICS-BASED COMPREHENSIVE MODELING TOOL ...... 1147 Robert Niemiec, Farhan Gandhi
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARS HELICOPTER ROTOR SYSTEM ...... 1167 Benjamin T. Pipenberg, Matthew T. Keennon, Sara A. Langberg, Jeremy D. Tyler
AIRCRAFT DESIGN II
ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC PROPULSION VTOL FLYING WING: CONCEPTUALIZATION, DESIGN AND FLIGHT TEST ...... 1177 Keen Ian Chan
BASIC DESIGN LIMITATIONS FOR URBAN ELECTRIC VTOL AIRCRAFT...... 1187 Olivier Cornes
DESIGN-ORIENTED STUDY ON THE PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF CARGO EVTOL AIRCRAFT AS A REVOLUTIONARY VEHICLE CONCEPT...... 1202 Yu Ito, Nanami Furue
AIRCRAFT DESIGN III
FIFTY YEARS OF FENESTRON ® IMPROVEMENT IN THE SERVICE OF SAFETY ...... 1227 Christophe Serr, Vincent Routhieau, German Roth
OPTIMIZED REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION FOR FLEXIBLE DRIVE SHAFTS...... 1235 Raghu Iyer, Joyel Schaefer, Michael King
THE BLUE EDGE™ BLADE CONTINUATION ...... 1245 David Alfano, Paul Cranga, Vincent Gareton, Frédéric Guntzer, Jean-François Hirsch
AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS
POTENTIAL ARMY REPURPOSING OF DIGITAL RADIO FREQUENCY MEMORY PRODUCTS FOR THE ELECTRONIC WARFARE, TACTICAL ENVIRONMENT...... 1255 Brenda L. Menees
ARINC 661 THIRD PARTY TOOLKIT USER EXPERIENCE...... 1258 Jake Weaver, Joel Lam
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, LIGHTWEIGHT, MULTIFUNCTIONAL MICRO-AVIONICS FOR MANNED AND UNMANNED ROTORCRAFT ENHANCE OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF FUTURE VERTICAL LIFT PLATFORMS...... 1269 Richard F. Healing, Ranae Contarino, V. Michael Contarino
AFFORDABLE INTEGRATED ANTENNAS ON HELICOPTERS...... 1279 Hervé Dutruc, François-Xavier Filias
A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO OPEN SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE FOR ARMY AVIATION...... 1283 Leslie Hyatt, John T. Stough, R. Alan Hammond, Chris Kellow, Tom Dubois
CRASH SAFETY
EVALUATION OF COLLISIONS WITH SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES TO ROTORCRAFT ...... 1294 Uli Burger, Florian Franke, Michael Schwab, Alexander Engleder, Ultrich Eberth
THE EVALUATION OF COMPOSITE ENERGY ABSORBERS FOR USE IN UAM EVTOL VEHICLE IMPACT ATTENUATION...... 1305 Justin Littell, Jacob Putnam, Robin Hardy
EVALUATION OF IMPACT ENERGY ATTENUATORS AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL DESIGNS OF A UAM VTOL CONCEPT VEHICLE...... 1320 Jacob Putnam, Justin Littell
AN UPDATE ON AVCP'S ZERO-ZERO SAFETY SYSTEM FOR VTOL AIRCRAFT...... 1331 Roger Sloman
HYDRODYNAMIC RAM COMPLIANT AND SELF-SEALING FUEL CELL STRUCTURES ...... 1339 Dennis K. McCarthy, Lisa M. Chiu, Chris M. Gatley, Clark C. Andrews, James J. Childress, Mark E. Robeson
METHODOLOGIES TO ASSESS THE INFLUENCE AND COST BENEFIT OF TECHNOLOGY ON MILITARY ROTORCRAFT MISHAPS AND FATALITIES...... 1353 Christopher A. Martin, Thomas L. Allen, Mark A. Couch, Jack N. Law, Joshua A. Schwartz, Paul R. Jones
CREW STATIONS
A STRATEGY FOR DETERMINING OPTIMAL CREWING IN FUTURE VERTICAL LIFT: HUMAN- AUTOMATION FUNCTION ALLOCATION...... 1362 Katie Ernst, Emilie Roth, Laura Militello, Christen Sushereba, Julie Diiulio, Scott Wonderly, Scott Scheff, Devorah Klein, Grant Taylor
A COMPARISON OF CONTROL ACTIVITY AND HEART RATE AS MEASURES OF PILOT WORKLOAD IN A HELICOPTER TRACKING TASK...... 1377 Andrew Law, Sion Jennings, Kris Ellis
COMPARISON OF TWO VISUAL SYMBOLOGY SETS IN ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT...... 1386 Kathryn A. Feltman, Kyle Bernhardt, Amanda Hayes
AN ALTERNATIVE FORCING FUNCTION FOR IDENTIFYING PILOT FREQUENCY RESPONSE USING A SERIES OF MESAS...... 1399 Edward Bachelder
AUGMENTED-REALITY MULTIMODAL CUEING FOR OBSTACLE AWARENESS: TOWARDS A NEW TOPOLOGY FOR THREAT-LEVEL PRESENTATION...... 1406 Joel D. Miller, Martine Godfroy-Cooper, Zoltan P. Szoboszlay
ISOMORPHIC SPATIAL VISUAL-AUDITORY DISPLAYS FOR OPERATIONS IN DVE FOR OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE (CHEESEMAN AWARD WINNER)...... 1438 Martine Godfroy-Cooper, Joel D. Miller, Edward Bachelder, Elizabeth M. Wenzel
VOLUME 3
DYNAMICS I
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF RPM EFFECT ON DYNAMIC STALL PHENOMENA ON HELICOPTER ROTOR AT HIGH THRUST FORWARD FLIGHT ...... 1461 Camille Castells, François Richez, Michel Costes
DYNAMIC STALL MODELING USING VISCOUS VORTEX PARTICLE METHOD FOR COAXIAL ROTORS ...... 1479 Puneet Singh, Peretz P. Friedmann
COMPOUND HELICOPTER X3 IN HIGH-SPEED FLIGHT: CORRELATION OF SIMULATION AND FLIGHT TEST ...... 1496 Constantin Öhrle, Felix Frey, Jakob Thiemeier, Manuel Keßler, Ewald Krämer, Martin Embacher, Paul Cranga, Paul Eglin
DYNAMICS II
DRIVETRAIN INFLUENCE ON THE BLADE LOADS OF HINGELESS HELICOPTER ROTORS ...... 1514 Felix Weiss, Christoph Kessler
CORRELATION OF FULL-SCALE ISOLATED PROPROTOR PERFORMANCE AND LOADS ...... 1528 Sesi Kottapalli, C. W. Acree
ADAPTIVE, PARALLEL DISCRETIZATION OF PERIODIC SYSTEMS ...... 1547 Judah Milgram
SIMULATION OF THE FREE FLYING HELICOPTER BY COUPLING OF A NEW COMPREHENSIVE AEROMECHANICS CODE WITH AN ADVANCED FLEXIBLE MULTIBODY MODEL ...... 1561 Maximilian Mindt, Stefan Dietz, Martin Schulze, Herve Mabou
ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT AEROMECHANICS SIMULATIONS USING HPCMP CREATE™-AV HELIOS...... 1572 Beatrice Roget, Jay Sitaraman, Ryan Blumenstein, Mina Taheri, Hossein Saberi
AEROMECHANICS OF A COAXIAL MARS HELICOPTER USING HIGH-FIDELITY CFD/CA ...... 1596 Daniel Escobar, Inderjit Chopra, Anubhav Datta
DYNAMICS III
VIBRATION REDUCTION AND ROTOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSES OF LIFT-OFFSET ROTORS USING INDIVIDUAL BLADE PITCH CONTROLS WITH MULTIPLE HARMONIC INPUTS...... 1619 Jae-Sang Park, Do-Hyung Kim, Sanghyun Chae, Ye-Lin Lee, Young-Min Kwon
ADAPTIVE FRAHM FOR VARIABLE-SPEED ROTOR HELICOPTERS...... 1633 Mark Ott
H160 DYNAMICS DEVELOPMENT: SETTING NEW STANDARDS...... 1639 Yan Skladanek, Julien Hocquette, Paul Cranga
EXPERIMENTAL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS OF HIGHLY-CURVED BLADES...... 1652 Tyler Sinotte, Olivier A. Bauchau
EFFECT OF GROUND PROXIMITY ON THE REGRESSIVE LAG MODE DURING GROUND RESONANCE : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY...... 1666 Salini S. Nair, Akshay Ramachandran, Bittesh Pandey, M. Rohith, Ranjith Mohan
PREDICTION OF AW609 ROTOR LOADS BY MEANS OF NEURAL NETWORKS ...... 1673 Marco Favale, Davide Prederi, Alberto Angelo Trezzini
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL VALIDATION OF ROTOR COMPONENTS STATIC SUBSTANTIATION PROCESS...... 1681 Davide Cuffiani, Piergiorgio Ferro, Fabrizio Petri
DYNAMICS IV
WHIRL FLUTTER INVESTIGATION OF HINGELESS PROPROTORS...... 1702 Hyeonsoo Yeo, Andrew R. Kreshock
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF AN ISOLATED COAXIAL ROTOR SYSTEM WITH LIFT OFFSET ...... 1720 Jimmy C. Ho, Hyeonsoo Yeo
WIND TUNNEL TEST ON A SLOWED MACH-SCALED HINGELESS ROTOR AT HIGH ADVANCE RATIOS...... 1736 Xing Wang, Andre Bauknecht, Shashank Maurya, Inderjit Chopra
INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURAL COUPLING PROBLEMS IN TILTROTOR AIRCRAFT ...... 1746 Vincenzo Muscarello
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF WHIRL FLUTTER IN A NONLINEAR GIMBALLED ROTOR-NACELLE SYSTEM...... 1760 Christopher Mair, Djamel Rezgui, Branislav Titurus
TIME- AND FREQUENCY-DOMAIN WHIRL-FLUTTER ANALYSIS USING A VORTEX PARTICLE METHOD ...... 1776 Ethan Corle, Hao Kang, Matthew Floros, Sven Schmitz
HUMS I
ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINMENT OF NAVY AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES ...... 1788 Roberto Semidey, Mark Glucksman-Glaser, Nam Phan
CH146 STRUCTURAL USAGE MONITORING...... 1803 Adem Turkdogan, Marc Ouellet, Simon Bernier
INTERACTING MULTIPLE MODEL ALGORITHMS FOR ROTORCRAFT REGIME RECOGNITION...... 1811 Dakota Musso, Jonathan Rogers
NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC METRICS FOR REGIME RECOGNITION VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION...... 1823 Jonathan Warner, Jonathan Rogers
DYNAMIC TIME WARPING TO QUANTIFY STRUCTURAL MANEUVER VARIABILITY ...... 1833 Jason Hull, Jeffrey Monaco, Mark Glucksman-Glaser, Roberto Semidey
LOW COMPUTATION, NONLINEAR COMPONENT TREND ANALYSIS ...... 1841 Eric Bechhoefer
REAL TIME ROTOR COMPONENT LOAD LIMITING VIA MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL...... 1847 Chams E. Mballo, J. V. R. Prasad
EVALUATING ANALYSIS METHODS FOR LEGACY HUMS DATA...... 1858 Anthony Edmonds, Aaron Muise, Rowena Glasgow
HUMS II
VIBRATION AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A GEARBOX FOLLOWING LOSS OF LUBRICATION ...... 1870 Brian Dykas, Stephen Berkebile, Jason Hines
PAINT ADDITIVE/NON-DESTRUCTIVE INTERROGATION (PANDI) SYSTEM FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CORROSION...... 1881 Stephen Keller, Alexander Naumov, John Moffatt, Gregory Waligorski, Victor Grubsky, Martin Lopez, Bryan Holloway, Eric Gans, Robert Mino
SPECTRUM RECONSTRUCTION FOR OIL COOLER ON-CONDITION MONITORING...... 1886 Andrew Wilson, Daniel Wade, Daniel Martinez
MODEL-BASED ENGINE HEALTH FOR TURBOSHAFT ENGINES WITH LIMITED INSTRUMENTATION ...... 1895 Daniel Cornelius, Scott Hannula
PROGRESS TOWARDS AUTONOMOUS STRUCTURAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT ...... 1901 Avinash Sarlashkar, Darryl Toni, Matthew Harrigan, Theodore Meyer, Jim Dzakowic, Derrell Lorthridge, Nathaniel Bordick
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES FROM AIRCRAFT PROPULSION BEARINGS IN ACCELERATED AGING EXPERIMENTS...... 1913 Brian Dykas, Adrian A. Hood, Nenad G. Nenadic, Edward Zhu
PROBABILISTIC ACTIVE SENSING ACOUSTO-ULTRASOUND SHM BASED ON NON-PARAMETRIC STOCHASTIC REPRESENTATIONS ...... 1925 Ahmad Amer, Fotis Kopsaftopoulos
UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF GUIDED WAVES PROPAGATION FOR ACTIVE SENSING STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING ...... 1939 Shabbir Ahmed, Fotis Kopsaftopoulos
HANDLING QUALITIES I
THE USE OF THE OPEN-LOOP ONSET POINT (OLOP) TO PREDICT ROTORCRAFT PILOT-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS...... 1952 Michael Jones
ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT CONTROL DESIGN WITH ALLEVIATION OF UNSTEADY ROTOR LOADS ...... 1971 Umberto Saetti, Joseph F. Horn, Tom Berger, Mark B. Tischler
LONGITUDINAL CONTROL STRATEGY INVESTIGATION FOR COAXIAL COMPOUND HELICOPTERS...... 1982 Ye Yuan, Douglas Thomson, Renliang Chen
ROBUST USE OF HORIZONTAL STABILATOR IN FEEDBACK CONTROL ON A UH-60 BLACK HAWK ...... 1989 Praneet Vayalali, Michael McKay, Jayanth Krishnamurthi, Farhan Gandhi
FLIGHT TESTING OF COUPLED FLIGHT CONTROLS TOWARD REDUCING PILOT WORKLOAD DURING LANDING IN DVE...... 1999 Jeff Lusardi, Brian Fujizawa, Mark Cleary
MPPI PARALLEL TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR GUIDANCE IN ROTORCRAFT SHIPBOARD LANDING ...... 2010 Vinodhini Comandur, Robert Walters, J. V. R. Prasad
A QUASI-LINEAR PARAMETER VARYING (QLPV) APPROACH FOR TILTROTOR CONVERSION MODELING AND CONTROL SYNTHESIS...... 2027 Hafiz Noor Nabi, Coen De Visser, Marilena D. Pavel, Giuseppe Quaranta
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIMIT AVOIDANCE FRAMEWORK FOR ACTIVE PILOT CUEING...... 2039 Gonenc Gursoy, Zeynep Unal, Bulut Efe Akmenek, Ilkay Yavrucuk
HANDLING QUALITIES II
FLIGHT TEST EVALUATION OF PROPOSED HIGH-SPEED BREAK TURN MISSION TASK ELEMENT ...... 2048 James C. Bumbaugh, John K. Tritschler, Christopher Mattei, Michael M. Mosher, Robert Barthelmes
FLIGHT CONTROL DESIGN AND SIMULATION HANDLING QUALITIES ASSESSMENT OF HIGH- SPEED ROTORCRAFT...... 2062 Tom Berger, Chris L. Blanken, Mark B. Tischler, Joseph F. Horn
HANDLING QUALITY ANALYSIS AND CONTROL DESIGN USING POLYNOMIAL CHAOS MODEL- BASED UNCERTAINTY METHODS ...... 2097 Jared Cooper, Michael Devore, Adam Reed, David Klyde
AGGREGATE INVESTIGATION OF ROTORCRAFT APPROACH PROFILES AND PILOT CONTROL INPUTS: SHIPBOARD VERSUS SHORE LANDINGS...... 2114 Erica Scates, Phong Nguyen, John Tritschler, Kenneth Cahill, Michael Belyea, Cara Johnson
AGILITY ASSESSMENT OF HELICOPTER MAIN ROTOR DESIGN...... 2126 Arda Yücekayah, Murat Senipek, Yüksel Ortakaya
FLIGHT TEST ASSESSMENT OF THE BREAK TURN AND HIGH-SPEED ACCELERATION/DECELERATION MISSION TASK ELEMENTS USING A UH-60M BLACK HAWK...... 2136 Tom Berger, Carl R. Ott, Jeffrey A. Cox, Paul M. De Cecchis, John A. Wood
FLIGHT TEST VEHICLE FOR DETERMINATION OF MULTI-ROTOR UAV TRIM CONDITIONS ...... 2155 Achal Singhal, Ryan Thorpe, Matthew H. McCrink, James W. Gregory
HISTORY
LUDWIG, RUDOLF AND EMIL RÜB — FORGOTTEN GERMAN AERONAUTICAL AND ROTATING- WING PIONEERS ...... 2167 Berend G. Van Der Wall
VOLUME 4
CATASTROPHE AT FARNBOROUGH: HOW THE DEATH OF JOHN W. C. "PEE WEE" JUDGE ON 11 SEPTEMBER 1970 AT THE SBAC AIR SHOW IN A WALLIS WA-117 AUTOGYRO CHANGED BRITISH POPULAR ROTORCRAFT HISTORY...... 2197 Bruce H. Charnov
THE LOST TREASURES OF MAITLAND BLEECKER: HIS HELICOPTER AND OTHER INNOVATIONS...... 2219 Paul J. Fardink
FRANK PIASECKI'S FIRST PRODUCTION HELICOPTER, THE HRP-1 RESCUER...... 2246 Tommy H. Thomason
HELICOPTERS AND COUNTERINSURGENCY: A DELICATE PAIRING ...... 2261 Robert J. Kodosky
SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ON FAILURES AND SUCCESSES IN ARMY AVIATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS OVER THE PAST FORTY-FIVE YEARS...... 2270 Daniel Schrage
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY I
IN-PROCESS DEFECT MONITORING AND CORRECTION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS ...... 2279 Behrooz Jalalahmadi, Jingfu Liu, Jason Rios, John Slotwinski, Chrstopher Peitsch, Arnold Goldberg, Timothy Montalbano
ARMY AVIATION ADDITIVE REPAIR/MANUFACTURE (AR/M) QUALIFICATION ...... 2293 Wesley Cass
INNOLOT: INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND...... 2310 William C. Harris
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) OF A ROTORCRAFT GEARBOX HOUSING INDEPENDENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (IRAD) PROJECT ...... 2321 Gerald M. Cross, Robert R. Filler
DESIGN AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SHAPED CONNECTION MADE OF CFRP...... 2354 Waldemar Login, Andrzej Dylewski
SELECTING PARTS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN AEROSPACE SECTOR: MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS...... 2361 Aleksander Banas, Michal Olejarczyk, Radoslaw Wojtuszewski
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS BY COLD SPRAYING ONTO AL7075...... 2367 Jaroslaw Sienicki, Wojciech Zórawski
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY II
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF FERRIUM® C64® FOR AEROSPACE GEAR APPLICATIONS...... 2376 Thomas Kozmel, Chris Kantner, Brittany Nez, Jeff Grabowski, Jason Sebastian, Jason Fetty
SELECTIVE LASER MELTING OF ALUMINUM BASED MATERIALS ...... 2383 Radoslaw Wojtuszewski, Aleksander Banas, Mateusz Oliwa
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT JOINING TECHNOLOGY OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES INCLUDING INNOVATIVE FSW AND RFSSW PROCESSES ...... 2392 Grzegorz Luty, Agata Wronska, Jacek Andres, Waldemar Login, Tomasz Galaczynski
MODELING AND SIMULATION I
VPM-DERIVED STATE SPACE INFLOW MODEL FOR MULTI-ROTOR AIR VEHICLE MODELING AND SIMULATION...... 2413 Chengjian He, M. Gladfelter, C. Chang, Mark B. Tischler, Ondrej Juhasz
ENHANCEMENT OF AN ENGINEERING SIMULATION MODEL TO IMPROVE THE CORRELATION WITH FLIGHT TEST DATA IN CLIMB/DESCENT AND AUTOROTATION...... 2432 Hong Xin, Chi Zhang, Joseph T. Driscoll
TANDEM ROTOR INFLOW MODELING AND ITS EFFECT ON VEHICLE DYNAMICS...... 2441 Feyyaz Guner, J. V. R. Prasad, Chengjian He, David G. Miller
BELL 412 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION: COMPARING METHODS AND TOOLS...... 2453 Susanne Seher-Weiß, Steffen Greiser, Johannes Wartmann, Vincent Myrand-Lapierre, Arthur Gubbels, Joseph Ricciardi, Kenneth Hui
ROTORCRAFT MODELING RENOVATION FOR IMPROVED FIDELITY ...... 2470 Neil Cameron, Mark D. White, Gareth D. Padfield, Linghai Lu, Dheeraj Agarwal, Arthur W. Gubbels
LINEARIZED INFLOW AND INTERFERENCE MODELS FROM HIGH FIDELITY FREE WAKE ANALYSIS FOR MODERN ROTORCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS ...... 2495 Jeffrey D. Keller, Robert M. McKillip, Daniel A. Wachspress, Mark B. Tischler, Ondrej Juhasz
MODELING AND SIMULATION II
THE AERODYNAMIC EFFECT OF AN OBLIQUE WIND ON HELICOPTER RECOVERY TO THE QUEEN ELIZABETH CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER ...... 2513 Neale A. Watson, Michael F. Kelly, Ieuan Owen, Mark D. White
TOWARDS A WIND TUNNEL TESTING ENVIRONMENT FOR ROTORCRAFT OPERATIONS CLOSE TO OBSTACLES ...... 2523 Neda Taymourtash, Daniele Zagaglia, Alex Zanotti, Giuseppe Gibertini, Giuseppe Quaranta
MODEL-BASED UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION, PROPAGATION, AND ANALYSIS USING GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS...... 2532 Michael Devore, Jared Cooper, Adam Reed, David Klyde
MULTIROTOR ELECTRIC AERIAL VEHICLE MODEL VALIDATION WITH FLIGHT DATA: PHYSICS- BASED AND SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION MODELS ...... 2545 Christina Ivler, Robert Niemiec, Farhan Gandhi, Frank C. Sanders
FLIGHT SIMULATOR TESTING TO ENHANCE COMPREHENSION AND MODELING OF ROTORCRAFT PILOT COUPLINGS...... 2571 Andrea Zanoni, Matteo Zago, Rita Paolini, Giuseppe Quaranta, Pierangelo Masarati, Manuela Galli, Giorgio Maisano, Lorenzo Frigerio, Michal Murawa
FLIGHT TRAINING SIMULATOR FIDELITY REQUIREMENTS TO ADDRESS `ROTORCRAFT LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT' ...... 2579 Mark D. White, Neil Cameron, Gareth D. Padfield, Linghai Lu, Sunjoo Advani
INTERPLAY BETWEEN OPTIC FLOW, PILOT WORKLOAD AND CONTROL RESPONSE DURING AGGRESSIVE APPROACH TO HOVER MANEUVERS FOR THREE VERTICAL LIFT VEHICLE MODELS...... 2595 E. Bachelder, M. Godfroy-Cooper, Bimal Aponso
MODELING AND SIMULATION III
SIMPLE INFLOW AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF A COAXIAL ROTOR WITH TIME DELAYS AND ADJOINT VARIABLES...... 2625 Corey Seidel, David Peters
A FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING TWO-POINT STATISTICS OF COHERENCE FROM A DATABASE FOR AIRWAKE WITH HELICOPTER DOWNWASH...... 2646 Vaishakh Krishnan, Gopal Gaonkar
MULTIDISCIPLINARY, MULTIOBJECTIVE TRIM OPTIMIZATION FOR A COAXIAL-PUSHER ROTORCRAFT CONFIGURATION ...... 2655 Thomas A. Herrmann, Roberto Celi, James D. Baeder
HELICOPTER SHIP LANDING ENVELOPE FOR MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL ...... 2670 William Greer, Cornel Sultan
MULTI-DOMAIN MODEL FOR ROTORCRAFT COUNTERMEASURE DISPENSING ...... 2678 Robert McKillip, Todd Quackenbush
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATING AIRFOIL ICE SHAPES VIA A FULLY UNSTEADY COLLECTION EFFICIENCY APPROACH...... 2693 Myles Morelli, Beckett Y. Zhou, Alberto Guardone
VALIDATION OF A DYNAMIC STALL MODEL EXTENDED TO PITCHING MOMENT AND DRAG WITH UNSTEADY, YAWED FREE-STREAM ...... 2705 Michael Malick, David Peters
OPERATIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROBABILITY OF HOVER ANALYSIS CAPABILITY TO SUPPORT ROTORCRAFT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN...... 2721 Geoffrey H. Chen
AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR ESTABLISHING POWER TRAIN INSPECTION INTERVALS OF MODERN HELICOPTERS...... 2735 David L. Green, Harrison H. Chin, Abdel Bayoumi, Hamid Nouri
NUMERICAL STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION OF A NOVEL ARCHITECTURE OF VERTIPORT AND VERTISTOP FOR URBAN AIR MOBILITY...... 2743 Edoardo Cacciavillani, Francesco Ielmini
SPEED AND MANEUVERABILITY BENEFITS OF SIKORSKY'S X2 TECHNOLOGY™ VERSUS AIR- DEFENSE ARTILLERY...... 2751 Bjorn C. Foote, Jordan A. Kaye, Alexander Q. Weintraub, Mark E. Robeson, Jay P. Kiser, Daniel V. Camp
NEXGEN UAS IN THE COUNTER INTEGRATED AIR DEFENSE ENVIRONMENT ...... 2757 Scott Swinsick, Hendrik Gideonse
MODELING ICE ACCRETION: FULL INTEGRATION INTO NAVIER-STOKES SOLVER...... 2762 Avani Gupta, Lakshmi N. Sankar, Richard E. Kreeger
HELICOPTER TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION AFTER AERIAL SLUNG LOAD RELEASE...... 2772 Luofeng Wang, Renliang Chen, Xufei Yan
PRODUCT SUPPORT
UPDATING US ARMY AVIATION CRITICAL ITEM MANAGEMENT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY...... 2782 Myung Rhee, Christopher Gray
MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING SUPPORT OF U.S. ARMY AIRCRAFT IN SOUTHWEST ASIA...... 2790 Ronald J. Brychta, Andrew S. Mason-Leister, Nicholas C. Schroeder, Bryan M. Steiner
A MODULAR OPEN SYSTEM APPROACH FOR THE US ARMY'S IMPROVED TURBINE ENGINE ...... 2794 Danielle Dutcher, Casey Carter, Daniel Suggs, Scott Rosengren, Ben Plummer, Matthew Sipe
POST LIGHTNING STRIKE INSPECTION...... 2802 Travis Massa
RFID SOLUTION FOR TRACKING COMPONENTS LIFE FOR ROTOR HEAD ASSEMBLY...... 2806 Maciej Zawodniok, Sohel Patel, Nagaraja Iyyer, Nam D. Phan, Kishan Goel
HELIWISE — TOOL FOR HELICOPTER ADVANCED HUMS DATA ANALYSIS ...... 2816 Valerio Prece
RE-STRATEGIZING ARMY MQ-1C SYSTEM SUSTAINMENT SUPPORT POST - PRODUCTION & DEPLOYMENT PHASE...... 2823 Victoria Ramos, Prasant Chhotu
PROPULSION I
PARAMETRIC INSTABILITY OF PLANETARY GEAR TRANSMISSION WITH ELASTIC RING GEAR DUE TO DISCRETE BOUNDARY STRUT PARAMETER VARIATION...... 2833 Peng Guan, Hans Desmidt
DYNAMIC TESTING OF A HIGH-SPECIFIC-TORQUE CONCENTRIC MAGNETIC GEAR...... 2844 Justin J. Scheidler, Zachary A. Cameron, Thomas Tallerico
PERICYCLIC TRANSMISSION PROTOTYPE: DETAILED COMPONENT DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND FABRICATION...... 2852 Tanmay D. Mathur, Mark A. Stevens, Edward C. Smith, Robert C. Bill
DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IN AN ELECTROMECHANICAL MAIN GEARBOX OF A HIGH-SPEED COAXIAL COMPOUND HELICOPTER ...... 2870 Andreas Schlaich, Youn Park
TURBOSHAFT ENGINE ALTITUDE TESTING FOR ARMY QUALIFICATION...... 2884 George Bobula, Richard Wayne, Charles Watwood
EFFECT OF MANEUVERING AND GUST LOADS ON THE TWO-SPEED SHIFT DYNAMICS OF A HELICOPTER EQUIPPED WITH A DUAL CLUTCH TRANSMISSION ...... 2921 Xiaowen Su, Hans Desmidt, Edward C. Smith, Robert C. Bill
PROPULSION II
HIGH TEMPERATURE THIN-FILM SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADVANCED PROPULSION MATERIALS...... 2933 Yong Mui Wong, Santosh Sahoo, Mike McFarland, Kang N. Lee, Anindya Ghoshal
VOLUME 5
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A HYBRID SPUR GEAR...... 2939 Sean Gauntt, Robert Campbell
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN ROTOR GEARBOX FOR THE SIKORSKY BOEING SB>1 DEFIANT JMR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATOR AIRCRAFT...... 2949 Scott Bouwer, Eric Kaiser
SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELING OF GROUP 1 UAS ELECTRIC POWERTRAINS (LICHTEN AWARD RUNNER-UP) ...... 2958 Farid Saemi, Moble Benedict, Nathan Beals
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF A VARIABLE-VOLTAGE HYBRID-ELECTRIC POWERTRAIN...... 2974 Brent Mills, Anubhav Datta
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF LITHIUM SULFUR BATTERIES FOR EVTOL AIRCRAFT...... 2989 Emily Fisler, Anubhav Datta
GEARBOX PLANETARY BEARING CAGE FAILURE ANALYSIS...... 3000 Bryan Allison, Joshua Fitzgerald, Tom Lunz, Matthew Misiaszek
PROPULSION III
MATERIAL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION FOR LOW PRESSURE CARBURIZATION PROCESS DESIGN USING COMPUTER MODELING...... 3007 Zhichao Li, Justin Sims, B. Lynn Ferguson, Jason Fetty, Treven Baker
SWEPT VOLUME APPROACH FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PUMPING LOSS OF SHROUDED MESHED CYLINDRICAL GEARS ...... 3015 Michael J. Hurrell, Irebert Delgado, Jerzy T. Sawicki
LESSONS LEARNED IN FABRICATION OF A HIGH-SPECIFIC-TORQUE CONCENTRIC MAGNETIC GEAR...... 3025 Zachary A. Cameron, Thomas Tallerico, Justin J. Scheidler
INTELLIGENT PROPULSION MATERIALS FOR ROTORCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT APPLICATIONS...... 3036 Muthuvel Murugan, Anindya Ghoshal, Michael Walock, Daniel De Bouis
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR IMPROVED LOSS-OF-LUBRICATION SURVIVABILITY OF HYBRID ROTORCRAFT GEARS...... 3046 Matthew Waller, Kevin Koudela, Sean McIntyre
MODELING TURBOSHAFT ENGINES FOR THE REVOLUTIONARY VERTICAL LIFT TECHNOLOGY PROJECT...... 3058 Christopher A. Snyder, Michael T. Tong
ADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE PROPULSION MATERIALS RESEARCH PROJECT: AN UPDATE...... 3065 Anindya Ghoshal, Muthuvel Murugan, Michael Walock, Luis Bravo, Clara Hofmeister Mock, Marc Pepi, Andy Nieto, Jeffrey Swab, Samuel Hirsch, Jennifer Sietins, Robert Dowding, Larry Fehrenbacher, Kelvin Wong, Victor Grubsky, Mathew Webster, Nishan Jain, Alison Flatau, Andrew Wright, Jian Luo
SAFETY
FILTER-BASED DETECTION OF THE PROXIMITY TO LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR EFFECTIVENESS WITHIN HELICOPTER FLIGHT DATA MONITORING...... 3078 Paola Zanella, Kyle B. Collins, Charles Johnson, Dimitri N. Mavris
ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT INFORMATION INFERENCE FROM COCKPIT VIDEOS USING DEEP LEARNING...... 3090 Hikmat Khan, Ghulan Rasool, Nidhal Carla Bouaynaya, Charles C. Johnson
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP THE SKYFLIGHT RISK ASSESSMENT...... 3104 Susanna Maria De Bernardi
THE TEST PILOT'S ROLE IN RISK MANAGEMENT OF HELICOPTER DESIGN AND TEST ...... 3110 David I. Blair
SYSTEM SAFETY FOR VERTICAL FLIGHT ...... 3116 John E. Hewitt
A SCORE SYSTEM TO PRIORITIZE DESIGN SAFETY FEATURES...... 3124 Matteo Ragazzi, Giorgio Dossena, Marco Terzi, Barbara Nassi
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS I
THE LOAD CONFLUENCE ALGORITHM APPLIED TO A COMBINED ROTOR/FUSELAGE LOADS MODEL WITH EXTENDED APPLICATION TO STRUCTURAL FATIGUE LIFE TRACKING ...... 3132 Chance McColl, Olivier Bauchau, Valentin Sonneville, Chad Demontfort, Brian Harper, Robert McGinty, Yuri Bazilevs
ON THE INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURAL LOADS ANALYSIS WITH STRUCTURAL FLIGHT TESTING FOR IMPROVED FATIGUE METHODOLOGIES...... 3143 Robert E. Benton
MIL-STD-3063 RSIP A NEW STANDARD PRACTICE FOR U.S. ARMY ROTORCRAFT STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY PROGRAMS...... 3155 Michael Kiser
AN ALTERNATIVE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ROTORCRAFT STRUCTURES ...... 3162 Thomas A. Frewen, Mark R. Gurvich, Bob Labarre
MACHINE LEARNING BASED DIGITAL TWIN SIMULATION AND PREDICTION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENT'S FATIGUE LIFE ...... 3172 Xiang Ren, Alireza Sadeghirad, D. C. Pham, Jim Lua
STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPONENT DAMAGE AND FAILURE PREDICTION ...... 3179 Yuri Nikishkov, Gennadiy Nikishkov, Guillaume Seon, Brian Shonkwiler, Andrew Makeev
INFLUENCE OF CYCLE COUNTING METHODS ON FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF CRITICAL ROTORCRAFT COMPONENTS...... 3196 Aarohi Shah, Massimo Ruzzene, Julian J. Rimoli
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS II
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE ROTORCRAFT MODEL TO STUDY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TEETERING ROTORS TO MAST BUMPING ACCIDENTS...... 3204 Joseph N. Robinson, Kyle B. Collins, Dimitri N. Mavris
HYBRID NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES IN A HELICOPTER CABIN DOOR - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY...... 3218 Katharina Strohrmann, Nicolas André, Manfred Hajek
HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENHANCED FATIGUE LIFE OF ROTORCRAFT COMPONENTS...... 3230 Mithil Kamble, Aniruddha S. Lakhnot, Catalin Picu, Nikhil Koratkar
POST-BUCKLING DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR STIFFENED HELICOPTER FUSELAGE ALUMINUM PANELS ...... 3235 Ismail Cengiz, Faruk Elaldi
PARALLEL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ROTOR BLADE CROSS-SECTIONS ...... 3244 Alfonso Callejo, Olivier A. Bauchau, Boris Diskin
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITE ROTOR BLADE FOR UNMANNED HELICOPTER USING VARIATIONAL ASYMPTOTIC BEAM SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE BAT ALGORITHM ...... 3251 D. R. Abhiram, Ranjan Ganguli, Dineshkumar Narursampath
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS III
AUTONOMOUS CAMBER MORPHING OF A HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADE WITH TEMPERATURE CHANGE USING INTEGRATED SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS ...... 3258 Matthew Dipalma, Farhan Gandhi
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
AN ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION PROCESS TOWARDS THE QUALIFICATION OF AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONS IN ARMY AVIATION...... 3276 Robert R. Copeland
GEOMETRICAL MANAGEMENT LEADING TO MERGE SYSTEM ENGINEERING & APQP ...... 3287 Jean-Loup Gatti, Mathieu Krebs
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TO DEFINE OPTIMUM HUMS ACQUISITION STRATEGY...... 3298 Frederic Champavier, Lucas Macchi, Gianni Naccarato, Nassia Daouayry, Ammar Mechouche, Pierre Bonamour
AUTOMATED CRITERIA EVALUATION IN SAFETY-CRITICAL AVIONIC SYSTEMS ...... 3306 Ramandeep Singh, Analise Giobbi
TAKING A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO ADDRESS SUSTAINABILITY...... 3315 Xiaomei Yu
VERTICAL LIFT AIRCRAFT DESIGN THROUGH THE GEORGIA TECH INTEGRATED PRODUCT AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS ...... 3319 Daniel Schrage
INTELLIGENT BLACK BOX VERIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND ACCREDITATION FOR ROTORCRAFT PERFORMANCE MODELING...... 3324 William B. McCandless, Ian D. Dettwiller
TEST AND EVALUATION I
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ICE ACCRETION ON COAXIAL-ROTOR VEHICLES ...... 3335 Sihong Yan, Shawn Scroger, Jose Palacios
DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF A FLIGHT TEST TO INVESTIGATE HOVER IN-GROUND-EFFECT PERFORMANCE OVER SLOPED TERRAIN ...... 3350 John M. Holder, John K. Tritschler
HIGH-SPEED WIND TUNNEL TESTS OF A FULL-SCALE PROPROTOR ON THE TILTROTOR TEST RIG ...... 3363 C. W. Acree, A. L. Sheikman, T. R. Norman
THE MARYLAND TILTROTOR RIG (MTR): THE BASELINE GIMBALLED HUB ...... 3382 Frederick Tsai, James Sutherland-Foggio, Anubhav Datta, Dave Privett
A RESEARCH ON THE ICING FLIGHT TEST AND COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION FOR THE DESIGN OF ICE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR KUH(KOREAN UTILITY HELICOPTER)...... 3397 Nameun Park, Cheol Hun Woo, Jik Soo Kim, Hyung Sik Kim, Sang Gi Lee, Yoo Sang Hwang
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS ON ROTORS HOVERING ABOVE MOVING SURFACES ...... 3407 Aaron Martinez, Joseph Milluzzo, Scott Drayton, Scott Davids
SCALED MODEL TESTING OF ROTOR HUB ROOT-END AIRFOIL SHAPES...... 3419 Charles Tierney, Jeff Harris, David Reich, Nicholas Jaffa, Sven Schmitz
BELL V-280 VALOR: JMR TD FLIGHT TEST UPDATE - YEAR 2 ...... 3430 Ryan Ehinger, Matt McMenemy, Paul Wilson
TEST AND EVALUATION II
ADVANCED AH-64 COMPOUND WIND TUNNEL TESTING OVERVIEW ...... 3438 Edward Brouwers, Michael Fillman, Richard Deresz
INVESTIGATION OF 3-D STRAINS ON HIGHLY-TWISTED SWEPT TIP COMPOSITE ROTOR BLADES ...... 3457 Cheng Chi, Anubhav Datta, Inderjit Chopra
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AN AIRFOIL OPTIMIZED TO DELAY THE ONSET OF DYNAMIC STALL ...... 3473 Pourya Nikoueeyan, Tanner Harms, Jonathan Naughton, Vineet Ahuja
UNMANNED VTOL I
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A MULTI-SHIP SENSOR-BASED 3D WORLD MODELING ARCHITECTURE...... 3487 Christopher Boggs, Max Taylor, Vladislav Gavrilets
HELICOPTER FORMATION CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR MANNED-UNMANNED TEAMING...... 3503 Alexander Donkels, Andreas E. Voigt
FLIGHT DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROL OF AN UNMANNED HELICOPTER DURING AUTONOMOUS AUTOROTATION...... 3517 Sagar Setu, Abhishek
MANNED-UNMANNED TEAMING COOPERATIVE FORMATION FLIGHT - A PROJECT REVIEW...... 3533 Andreas E. Voigt, Alexander Donkels, Kristian K. Fettig
FLIGHT ENVELOPE DETERMINATION USING PHYSICALLY MOTIVATED MARGIN INDICATORS FOR UNMANNED HELICOPTERS ...... 3544 Andreas E. Voigt, Martin Laubner, Johann C. Dauer
REAL-TIME PATH PLANNING FOR TIME-OPTIMAL HELICOPTER SHIPBOARD LANDING VIA TRAJECTORY PARAMETRIZATION...... 3556 Di Zhao, Sandipan Mishra, Farhan Gandhi
PERFORMANCE AND CONTROL OF VARIABLE PITCH PROPROTORS FOR MULTI-SCALE QUADROTOR BIPLANE TAIL-SITTERS (QBITS) ...... 3568 Brandyn Phillips, Derek Safieh, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, Derrick Yeo, Inderjit Chopra
AUTONOMY EXPERIMENTATION IN AN OPERATIONALLY RELEVANT SCENARIO ...... 3580 Jason Jewell
UNMANNED VTOL II
HANDLING QUALITIES BASED ASSESSMENT OF SCALABILITY FOR VARIABLE-RPM ELECTRIC MULTI-ROTOR AIRCRAFT ...... 3587 Ariel Walter, Michael McKay, Robert Niemiec, Farhan Gandhi, Christina Ivler
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION GUIDANCE FOR MULTIROTOR AIRCRAFT: DYNAMIC SCALING AND TEST TECHNIQUES ...... 3598 Christina Ivler, Elizabeth S. Rowe, James Martin, Mark J. S. Lopez, Mark B. Tischler
HOVER/LOW SPEED DYNAMICS MODEL IDENTIFICATION OF A COAXIAL TRICOPTER IN HOVER USING JOINT INPUT-OUTPUT TECHNIQUE...... 3617 Sung Hyeok Cho, Vanessa D. Gonzalez, Subodh Bhandari, Mark B. Tischler, Kenny K. Cheung
ROTOR FAULT DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION ON A HEXACOPTER BASED ON STATISTICAL TIME SERIES METHODS...... 3627 Airin Dutta, Michael McKay, Fotis Kopsaftopoulos, Farhan Gandhi
FLIGHT TEST COMPARISON OF GUST REJECTION CAPABILITY FOR VARIOUS MULTIROTOR CONFIGURATIONS...... 3641 Mark J. S. Lopez, Mark B. Tischler, Ondrej Juhasz, Anthony Gong, Frank C. Sanders, Jonathan Y. Soong, Samuel J. Nadell
MODELING AND TRAJECTORY CONTROL OF A TRANSITIONING QUADROTOR BIPLANE TAILSITTER...... 3655 Jean-Paul Reddinger, Kristoff McIntosh, Di Zhao, Sandipan Mishra
MISSION BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF FIXED PITCH COAXIAL PROPELLER SYSTEM FOR VTOL UAV ...... 3666 Pankaj Patil, Abhishek
Author Index