ETHIOPIA Solar Report

Written by: Marco Dorothal

THESOLARFUTURE DESERTS OF AFRICA 2-4 JULY 2019 /// , africa.thesolarfuture.com ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Index

P 2. Contact details - Solarplaza team

P 3. 1. Introduction to event and white paper

P 4. 2. Current situation

P 5. 3. Energy sector P 5. 3.1 Regulatory framework P 6. 3.2 Power generation

P 7. 4. Solar energy P 8. 4.1 On-grid ventures P 9. 4.2 Microgrid/mini-grid initiatives P 10. 4.3 Off-grid projects

P 11. 5. General summary

P 12. 6. Sources

2 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Contact details - Solarplaza team

Lydia van Os Irene Rodríguez Martín Project Manager Partnerships Manager [email protected] [email protected] +31 10 3027907 +31 10 302 7912

Edoardo Pulvirenti Marco Dorothal Sales Manager Research Analyst [email protected] [email protected] +31 68 3297 865/ +31 10 3027912 +31 10 3027 906

Design and layout: Charl Visser

Disclaimer: This overview is provided by Solarplaza International BV (“Solarplaza”) as a service to its customers on an “as-is, as-available” basis for informational purposes only. Solarplaza assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions in these materials. Solarplaza makes no commitment to update the information contained herein. This overview is protected by copyright laws, and may only be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast or otherwise exploited in any manner only by accrediting Solarplaza as the source of it and providing a full hyperlink to https://africa.thesolarfuture.com where it was originally published.

Copyright 2018-2019 © Solarplaza International BV. All rights reserved.

3 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

1. Introduction to event and white paper

The aim of this Solar Report is to provide The deserts of Africa boast some of the a comprehensive overview of the solar world’s highest solar irradiation levels energy market in Ethiopia, along with key and offer ample availability of land. insights into its regulatory framework, With a dispersed, but rapidly growing, energy sector, and photovoltaic (PV) solar population, desert countries will need to industry segments. This report is part of tap into a combination of solar solutions the preparation for The Solar Future: like utility-scale power plants, mini-grids Deserts of Africa, hosted by Solarplaza and off-grid applications to create impact on 2-4 July 2019 in Addis Ababa, in regions that are disproportionately Ethiopia. The Solar Future: Deserts of affected by climate change. Fully realizing Africa consists of a two-day trade mission the true solar potential of the deserts focused entirely on the Ethiopian market, of Africa, will require a vast effort, followed by a one-day conference that one that will need to align visionary will take a deep dive into the specifics governments, courageous development surrounding solar project development finance institutions, pioneering investors in Africa’s desert regions, including the and experienced developers. One of the countries that comprise the Sahara and countries in that region which has been Sahel deserts. making significant efforts to bring its solar energy situation to the next level The goal of the two-day trade-mission is to is Ethiopia. The following sections will mobilize a diverse group of governmental take a dive into Ethiopia’s energy sector officials, international developers, in order to explore its solar potential and investors and other stakeholders; and future ambitions. together explore the opportunities in the utility-scale and commercial & industrial (C&I) sectors of the Ethiopian PV market, with the government tender program being one of the main focus points of the mission. Afterwards, during the one-day conference, participants will be given the opportunity to engage in high-level discussions with over 200 developers, financiers, financial institutions and other key players, and gain the latest insights into overcoming hurdles in the space of finance, legislation and technological needs in Africa’s deserts.

4 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

2. Current situation

Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa The development of Ethiopia’s renewable and is among one of the fastest developing energy sector has been one of the nations on the continent. The country leading new drivers of economic growth boasts an impressive average GDP in the country. Its ample resources growth rate between 7 and 10% over the and ambitious electrification targets, past 3 years, making it the fastest growing together with its relatively high-level economy in the region with one of the of industrialisation (compared to highest GDP growth rates in Africa. In other African nations), make it a prime terms of population, the country is home location for investors in renewables. The to over 100 million people, which makes country’s massive industrial complexes it the second most populous country in and agricultural farms create a big Africa (behind Nigeria and just ahead of opportunity for C&I solar systems. The Egypt). As a result of Ethiopia’s rapid GDP government of Ethiopia considers private growth over the past decade, electricity investment in its renewable energy sector demand has also been increasing steadily. as critical to the success of its ambitious Despite Ethiopia’s abundant natural GTP II. This has encouraged foreign resources and huge energy potential, the direct investments and is also especially country is experiencing energy shortages directed towards the development of the as it struggles to meet the growing country’s young solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity demand, which is forecasted to energy sector. grow by approximately 30% annually. The development of Ethiopia’s power sectors is led by the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), which aims to reshape the country into a middle- income state by 2025. The GTP I was established in 2010 and included a goal of quadrupling the country’s energy generation capacity from 2 GW to 8 GW. Although the execution fell short of this target, ambitions remained high. This led the government to launch GTP II in 2016, setting an overall target of 17.3 GW by 2020. All of these ambitions combined resulted in the construction of several massive hydro, wind and solar power projects.

5 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Table 1: Economical figures and key stakeholders in Ethiopia

Economical figures

GDP (2018) $83.84 billion USD GDP per capita (2018, USD) $890.57 USD GDP Growth (‘16, ‘17, ‘18) +7.6%, +10.2%, + 7.5% Population (2018) 110 million Inflation Rate - Consumer Prices (2018) 12.7% Credit Rating (S&P/Moody’s) B / B1 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2018) 34 (0 highly corrupt - 100 very clean) Ease of doing business index (2018) 159 (1 best - 189 worst) Access to electricity (2017) 45% Power consumption per capita in kWh (2017) 77 Total PV capacity (2017) 14 MW Renewable electricity as % of total output (2015) 99.96% Renewable consumption (% of total consumption, 2015) 92.16%

Key Stakeholders

• Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) Energy regulator • Ethiopia Energy Agency (EEA) • Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) Utilities • Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) • Development Bank of Ethiopia (DBE) • Dashen Bank Top Banks • Cooperative Bank of Oromia • Bank of Abyssinia

6 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

3. Energy sector

The Ethiopian government’s GTP II provided $1.7 million USD of support outlines very ambitious targets, such as for the PPP program, including the hiring increasing the energy generation capacity of international consultants for the six from 4.5 GW in 2017 to 17.3 GW by 2020, large-scale solar projects that are set to and getting the country’s electrification be constructed. rate to 100% by 2025. The government acknowledges that private investment One of the most influential legislations will be pivotal to the achievement of in the Ethiopian regulatory framework these goals, and they’ve made significant is the ‘Climate Resilient Green Economy’ progress to encourage foreign direct (CRGE) initiative. This initiative is investment (FDI) in Ethiopia’s renewable compliments the GTP II and is aimed energy sector. at transforming Ethiopia into a middle- income country by 2025, while building 3.1 Regulatory framework an economy that is sustainable and environmentally friendly. The CRGE In 2012, the government amended its foresees a development of up to 25 GW in investment proclamation to include generation potential, mainly through the provisions for the establishment of increase in hydro, geothermal, wind and development zones with tax, investment, solar energy capacity. and infrastructure incentives. In 2014, the government passed ‘Energy The most significant foreign energy Proclamation 810/2013’, a law focusing partner in Ethiopia is the Power Africa extensively on the proliferation initiative. It was launched by the of independent power purchase United States Agency for International agreements (PPAs), the development Development (USAID) in 2013 with the of off-grid systems, and the enactment goal of establishing 30,000 MW of energy of more efficient on-grid management generation capacity across Africa. The policies. In 2018, the government passed initiative aims to add 2,880 MW by 2020, ‘Public–Private Partnership (PPP) and 4,640 MW by 2030, throughout the Proclamation 1076/2018’, which aims to continent. Furthermore, Power Africa facilitate private investment into major aims to add 4 million on-grid and 660,000 infrastructure works, including the power off-grid connections by 2020. Another sector, through a bidding process. It is significant international initiative is the important to note that successful bidders Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP). Based for PPP projects are obliged to establish in Ethiopia, the EAPP facilitates cross- an Ethiopian company as the project border grid connections and mandates vehicle, which may include a public entity the establishment of common codes and as a minority stakeholder. The African standards. Development Bank (AfDB) has recently

7 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Ethiopia is also part of the World Bank Group’s ‘Scaling Solar’ program, which aims to further develop renewable energy sources, mainly solar energy. The Scaling Solar program is part of the newly instituted PPP structure that has been put in place by Ethiopia’s government. Not only does this program seek to diversify the country’s energy mix, but it will also aid Ethiopia in better managing the local water resources in order to minimize the harm caused by recurring droughts. The Scaling Solar program has already Figure 1: Ethiopia’s power generation mix resulted in several large-scale tenders, and has contributed to the government’s plans to prioritize 500 MW of new solar capacity by 2020.

3.2 Power generation government to diversify its power mix. The country is currently overly dependent on Ethiopia’s power generation mix consists hydropower, which is becoming less reliable almost entirely out of renewable energy as droughts intensify. Its hydropower plants will remain the main source of baseload sources. In 2018, the bulk of Ethiopia’s power, however they will need to be 4.5 GW of power generating capacity supported by intermittent sources such as came from 14 hydropower plants, which wind and solar to be able to deal with peak account for 85% (3.8 GW) of the country’s demand. total capacity, making it the main energy source. Several more large hydro plants Around 45% of Ethiopia’s population are currently under development, such currently has access to the electricity grid, as the massive 6.5 GW Great Ethiopian which has improved greatly compared to Renaissance Dam (GERD), the 2.16 GW 42% in 2016 and - more impressively - just Koysha Hydropower project and the 254 5% in 2000. However, only 24% of primary MW Genale Dawa III project. Other than schools and 30% of health clinics having hydropower, the country also has three access to electricity. In order to bridge the gap between plentiful resources and unmet wind farms, collectively generating 324 needs, the Ethiopian government partnered MW, and a few diesel plants, generating up with the World Bank in 2017 to launch the 143 MW, with the rest being generated by country’s National Electrification Program solar power (14 MW), geothermal power (NEP), which outlines a plan to reach universal (7.5 MW) and other renewables. access of electricity by 2025, aiming to reach 35% of the unconnected population with Although Ethiopia is doing very well with off-grid solutions. To do so, it will require an regards to generating electricity through estimated $1.5 billion USD for the first five hydropower, there is an urgency for the years of implementation.

8 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

In March 2018, the Ethiopia Electrification It is clear that Ethiopia is making massive Program (ELEAP) was launched by the efforts to expand its national grid and country’s government, together with the provide power for all its inhabitants. This World Bank, to directly support the NEP. The can be seen through its different initiatives, ELEAP consists of a $375 million loan issued such as the GTP II, NEP, ELEAP, Power Africa, by the World Bank to directly finance new and partnerships with the World Bank, electricity connections for over one million AfDB and GE. Additionally, the country has households and strengthen the planning and also been issuing solar energy tenders for implementation capacity of the country’s large-scale solar part of its ‘Scaling Solar’ energy utility as well as the policy and program. However, progress remains slow, regulatory capacity of its government. as the country continues to be plagued by challenges to its development. The current A few months later in July 2018, GE Power, capacity of 4.5 GW is extremely small for a a subsidiary of General Electric (GE), country with such a vast and ever-increasing announced its partnership with EEP for $40 population. Over the coming years, planning million USD to provide 11 HV substations and procurements for electricity generation that will aid the transmission of additional capacity has to be carefully synchronized bulk power to the southern and southwestern with energy demand to keep up with the parts of the country. According to Lazarus country’s rapidly growing energy needs. Angbazo, Regional Leader for GE’s Grid Solutions Business in Sub-Saharan Africa, the project will significantly reduce high transmission losses while improving system efficiency, stability and reliability.

9 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

4. Solar energy

Considering the high degree of solar PV growth of wind and hydro energy applications. potential in Ethiopia (Figure 3.1.2), the Solar capacity in Ethiopia is expected to soar development of solar PV projects presents an in the near future with several large scale extremely lucrative opportunity for investors. projects under development. The country’s irradiation levels average around 5.2 kWh/m2/day, which provide the perfect conditions for the development of utility-scale PV plants. Since the Ethiopian government wants to have at least 500 MW of installed solar capacity by 2020, it will have to ramp up the development of solar projects if it wants to meet its ambitious target.

Figure 3: Ethiopia’s PV capacity 2013-2017

4.1 On-grid ventures

Currently, there are no utility-scale solar PV projects up and running in Ethiopia. Since an overwhelming part of the country’s power is generated through hydropower plants, the solar energy sector in Ethiopia is still in its earliest stages of development. This status, however, may not last long thanks to the country’s participation in the Scaling Solar program.

In May 2016, the state-owned power Figure 2: Solar PV power potential Ethiopia company Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) launched the country’s first solar tender for Over the past five years, Ethiopia’s solar PV the 100 MW Metahara project located in capacity has almost tripled. However, despite Oromia, central Ethiopia, which was won by the abundant solar resources in the country, Italian energy company Enel. The solar plant as of now, only 14 MW has been installed, is scheduled to come online in 2019 and will representing 0.3% of the country’s total sell power to EEP under a 20-year PPA. energy capacity. Still, it was the only growing category of renewables year-on-year from The second tender was launched in October 2016-2017, when compared to the stagnated 2017 and was intended for the construction of two 125 MW solar facilities, the Scaling Solar Gad Phase I in the and

10 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

the Scaling Solar Dicheto Phase I in the include acquisition of land processes; Afar region. In March 2018, the Ethiopian payment guarantees from EEP for defaults government announced that 12 companies under the PPA; and a lack of know-how in had been pre-qualified for the tender. key government stakeholder departments. Among the pre-qualified parties were prolific Investors have also had trouble securing companies like Access Power, Enel Green competitive financing and acquiring Power, Acciona, Scatec Solar and EDF. licensing/approvals for their projects.

The newest solar tender was launched earlier In order to assist project developers with this year and will tender 750 MW of solar some of these challenges, the government capacity across four states, representing a has decided to provide some aid. For the significant expansion of Ethiopia’s Scaling acquisition of land rights, the government Solar program. According to Teshome will facilitate this on behalf of the projects. Tafesse, State Minister of Finance, the An example of this is the fact that the land tender will focus on the construction of six sites for the Scaling Solar projects have been large-scale solar projects under 20-year identified and the process for the transfer of PPAs in the regions of Afar, Somali, Oromia land use rights has already begun. For PPP and Tigray, and will attract around $795 investors, the government has implemented million of investments. Four of them are some incentives, subject to negotiation being procured under the Scaling Solar and agreement with EEP (and other program, while the other two separate solar government departments). These incentives PV projects are expected to be initiated later include compensation for change of laws this year. He noted that the six solar projects specifically applicable to the infrastructure will be constructed on a PPP basis, together being developed or the service it provides; with seven hydropower projects. For the assignability of the project agreements; four solar projects, the request for proposals certain tax incentives; and a free choice (RFPs) are scheduled to be released in late of dispute resolution mechanism. The April or early May 2019. government also wants to provide economic support and guarantee for the sustainability, The Scaling Solar program has resulted in implementation, and financial viability of an extensive pipeline of large-scale solar projects including the provision of minimum projects, in so much that market players off-take, availability payments, and cash are facing some challenges. Key challenges subsidies.

11 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Table 2: Announced solar PV projects in Ethiopia

4.2 Microgrid/mini-grid a scalable microgrid system powered by a hybrid distributed power unit for Digo Village initiatives in the Oromia region. The microgrid operates by combining solar PV panels, batteries and a Following the guidelines of Climate Resilient diesel generator to provide cheap and reliable Green Economy initiative, the Ministry of power to the 1,500 inhabitants of the village. Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) So far, this microgrid is GE’s third installation has stressed the importance of micro- and in Ethiopia, following the commissioning of mini-grids for rural communities and has two similar units at health centers in Guba and been focusing on expanding the use of these Ashoka in Southern Nations, Nationalities, applications. Thanks to investments in the and Peoples’ Region region. NEP, the feasibility of micro- and mini-grids is extensively being studied, and thus the The system was implemented in partnership uncertainty surrounding their development with Ethiopia’s MoWIE, the Oromia Region is greatly being reduced. Energy bureau and Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) as part of the country’s NEP, which As the foundation for these types of systems seeks to accelerate the scaling up of mini- has already been laid down, the MoWIE is grid solutions in extremely remote areas. planning to commission 350 decentralized The country’s government targets to provide grid systems in the upcoming 4-5 years. access for the remaining 7 million rural Simultaneously, the EEP aims to contribute households without grid connectivity, which to the electrification of rural Ethiopia by is equivalent to about 35% of the population, adding another 200 microgrids. by 2025. According to Dr. Sileshi Bekele, Ethiopia’s Minister of Water, Irrigation and Another interesting microgrid initiative came Electricity, “Electricity access is an essential online last year in July when GE teamed up pillar of economic and social development. with a local entity, Solar Tech, to commission

12 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Localised solutions such as the hybrid 4.3 Off-grid projects distributed power unit provided by GE will be part of the solution to electrify Ethiopia Off-grid solar applications are instrumental going forward.” to the development of rural areas in Ethiopia. However, the relatively large upfront costs associated with it constitute a hurdle that’s hindering progress. In an attempt to overcome this, the Development Bank of Ethiopia (DBE), in partnership with the International Development Association (IDA), is providing working capital loans to private sector household solar providers, as well as micro-finance to households for the purchase of solar lanterns and solar home systems. The funding for this initiative includes a $20 million USD credit line under the Electricity Network Reinforcement and Expansion Project (ENREP); and another $20 million USD by the World Bank Board of Directors as part of $200 million USD in additional financing to ENREP.

As of 2017, 3.7% of total renewable energy capacity in Ethiopia was off-grid. This included 14 MW of solar PV capacity, essentially comprising all solar capacity in the country. Most of this capacity is used to power telecom systems, both landline and mobile network stations. This percentage is expected to increase further, due to the Ethiopian government’s pursuit of universal mobile access throughout the country.

Recently, the Somali region got a big boost in off-grid solar thanks to the HelloSolar project, which installed eighty solar home system kits in several towns including Berket, , and Shilappo. The HelloSolar project is a Pay-As-You-Go pilot project with the main goal of addressing the power demands of the off-grid population while allowing them the possibility of daily, weekly or monthly payments installments from a mobile phone through HelloCash, a mobile & agent banking service. Thanks to a joint effort by HelloSolar, BelCash,

13 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Shell Foundation, USAID, the Department The new regulation has stirred up some for International Development and Power debate among market players. Yeneneh Africa, these towns are now able to use Dawit, managing director of General Power - renewable electricity to power their homes. a 13-year-old company that supplies, installs This project not only provides clean energy and tests electro-mechanical equipment - to these residents but also technical and stated that the regulation will be beneficial informative support for users. in minimizing energy waste. He also notes that the energy sector advances quickly, and Since most of the solar technologies used in the EEA has to take this into consideration. Ethiopia are reported to be imported from Others, such as Tigabu Atalo, a power and Asian countries, the government wants to energy consultant with over a decade of prevent that the market is flooded with experience in the power industry, believes poor quality or sub-standard products, that this could end up being a hurdle. “In which some say is already the case. This led the past, regulatory efforts by the state the government to approve a regulation mainly approached problems just by last December that empowers the Ethiopia imposing restrictions and limitations,” said Energy Agency to set minimum and maximum Tigabu. Nonetheless, he believes that the energy efficiency performance standards new regulation is a step ahead from past for equipment and appliances, such as experiences. Ultimately, the government electric motors, and provides certificates issued this new standard to increase the of efficiency to any manufacturer, importer, use of renewable energy in the country and wholesaler or retailer. The new regulation expects to encourage the private sector to also gives priority to off-grid companies, get more involved in the off-grid sector. which generate and sell power in areas that are not connected to the electricity grid.

14 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

5. General summary

All in all, when it comes to renewables, 1 GW of large-scale solar projects, set to Ethiopia is well ahead of its regional neighbors advance in the near future. Not only does this and is currently one of the most promising program diversify the country’s energy mix, upcoming solar markets in Africa, with a but it will aid Ethiopia in better managing the power mix consisting mostly of clean energy local water resources in order to minimize sources. However, the country’s dependence the harm caused by the recurring droughts. on hydropower could pose a serious challenge in the future, as increasingly heavy The Ethiopian government is also working droughts challenge the region. The Ethiopian hard to provide electricity to all its inhabitants, government has foreseen this issue and has even in remote areas without access to the started to focus their resources on other electricity grid. Through its national growth renewables, such as solar. plan (GTP II) and electrification program (NEP), the country’s government plans As solar currently only takes up a small part to reach universal access of electricity by of Ethiopia’s power mix, the government had 2025, aiming to reach 35% of the population to put in place a regulatory framework that with off-grid solutions. This opens up great would be beneficial for both investors and opportunities for mini-grids and stand- project developers. In 2018, the government alone solar home systems to help make this passed ‘Public–Private Partnership (PPP) ambitious target a reality. Proclamation 1076/2018’, facilitating private investment for major infrastructure works, Since off-grid systems have been the main including the power sector. pillar of solar energy in Ethiopia so far, it is expected that these type of systems This proclamation has made it possible for could bring more immediate solutions for the Scaling Solar program to take off and inhabitants without access to the grid. It still become the main driver for solar installations needs to be seen how successful the large- in the country. The government’s plans to scale projects will prove to be, however hopes use this program to add 500 MW of solar are high, and with big players interested in PV capacity by 2020 has already resulted in the market, such as ENEL and GE, it looks like several large-scale solar tenders. So far, the Ethiopia is well on its way to taking its solar program has led to a pipeline of more than energy sector to the next level.

15 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

6. Sources

Introduction https://newbusinessethiopia.com/the-state-of-ongoing-hydropower-projects-in-ethiopia/ https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/The-politics-of-renewa- ble-energy-in-East-Africa-EL-29.pdf https://www.iea.org/sdg/electricity/ https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/2018-Annual_Report1015_508. pdf

Economic figures https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO https://tradingeconomics.com/ethiopia/rating https://www.transparency.org/cpi2018 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IC.BUS.EASE.XQ?locations=ET https://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=81000 http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/ethiopia-population/

Regulatory framework https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/ethiopia https://www.pv-magazine.com/2019/01/18/ethiopia-launches-a-tender-for-800-mw-of-solar- across-four-states/ http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/03/01/world-bank-supports-ethiopi- as-endeavors-to-provide-all-citizens-with-access-to-electricity https://allafrica.com/stories/201901180465.html

Energy sector https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2018/october/population-without-access-to-electrici- ty-falls-below-1-billion.html https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/08/ethiopias-transformational-ap- proach-to-universal-electrification https://www.iea.org/sdg/electricity/ https://newbusinessethiopia.com/ethiopias-fourth-wind-power-project-in-progress/ https://newbusinessethiopia.com/ethiopia-launches-7-billion-energy-road-projects/ https://www.genewsroom.com/press-releases/ge-partners-ethiopian-electric-power-authori- ty-deliver-11-hv-substations-improve http://www.mondaq.com/x/686868/Government+Contracts+Procurement+PPP/Ethiopia+in- troduces+a+Public+Private+Partnership+Law

16 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

Solar energy https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/ifc-invest-500mw-solar-power https://www.pv-magazine.com/2019/01/18/ethiopia-launches-a-tender-for-800-mw-of-solar- across-four-states/ https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/01/ethiopia-launches-tender-for-construction- of-six-solar-plants/ https://newbusinessethiopia.com/ethiopia-to-launch-800-million-solar-project-bids/ https://www.esi-africa.com/ethiopia-seeks-to-install-four-solar-pv-projects/ https://allafrica.com/stories/201901180465.html https://www.enelgreenpower.com/stories/a/2019/02/ethiopia-renewable-energy-a-sustaina- ble-choice https://www.esi-africa.com/ge-commissions-hybrid-distributed-power-unit-for-ethiopian-vil- lage/ http://mowie.gov.et/rural-electrification-project https://allafrica.com/stories/201808210521.html https://www.esi-africa.com/ethiopia-to-introduce-new-standards-for-the-small-scale-solar- home-system/ https://allafrica.com/stories/201901020450.html http://www.mitigationmomentum.org/downloads/NAMA-proposal-for-Off-grid-Rural-electri- fication-in-Ethiopia_April-2016.pdf http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/08/15/off-grid-solar-lighting-up-ethiopia https://www.pv-magazine.com/2017/10/05/ethiopia-launches-tender-for-two-125-mw-solar- plants/ https://renewablesnow.com/news/a-dozen-bidders-to-proceed-in-250-mw-ethiopian-solar- tender-606388/ https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Ethiopia%20Country%20Fact%20 Sheet_0.pdf

17 ETHIOPIA SOLAR REPORT THE SOLAR FUTURE: DESERTS OF AFRICA

More than 60.000 solar PV professionals and businesses from all over the world rely on Solarplaza’s work every day. Our newsletters, articles, interviews, market and industry reports, combined with our world-class solar events, empower the global transition towards a sustainable energy future, where photovoltaic energy plays a key role.

Since 2004, Solarplaza has organised more than 100 business events in both established and emerging markets across the globe. For more information please visit: HTTPS://AFRICA.THESOLARFUTURE.COM

THESOLARFUTURE DESERTS OF AFRICA 2-4 JULY 2019 /// ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA africa.thesolarfuture.com18