Jakub Przybyl Phd Thesis to Be Submitted 28-8

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Jakub Przybyl Phd Thesis to Be Submitted 28-8 Jakub Przybył 120909 Investigating the relationship between personality factors and the use of language learning strategies by Polish university students Badanie związku między czynnikami osobowościowymi a użyciem strategii uczenia się języków obcych przez polskich studentów Praca doktorska napisana na Wydziale Anglistyki Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu pod kierunkiem prof. zw. dr. hab. Mirosława Pawlaka Poznań, 2019 SUMMARY The present dissertation explores the relationships between the personality traits of Polish university students learning English as a foreign language and their use of language learn- ing strategies. It consists of three theoretical chapters, a chapter dedicated to the method- ology of the research project, and one presenting the results and implications of the main study. The chapters are accompanied by a brief introduction and a section offering some final conclusions. Chapter One presents multiple perspectives on the investigation of human person- ality, relating to the assumptions of psychodynamic theories, the behaviourist approach and the social learning outlook, the phenomenological viewpoint, the cognitive stance, and, finally, the trait approach. Since the last-mentioned approach constitutes the theoret- ical framework for the methodology employed in the main study described in the present thesis, particular attention is dedicated to the Five-Factor Model of personality and the description of the ‘big’ five personality traits (Costa and McCrae 1992). Chapter One closes with a review of studies into the role of personality-related variables in foreign language development and aims to define the status quo. Chapters Two and Three address language learning strategies (LLS) as a scientific notion. Chapter Two provides a historical background and chronicles the essential land- marks on the map of strategy investigations. This is followed by a review of definitions of the strategy construct and an attempt to define the thematic scope of referring to LLS in the 21st century. Afterwards, various categorisations, classifications, and taxonomies of strategies are discussed. Particular emphasis is laid on Oxford’s (1990, 2011, 2017) classification systems of LLS as they explain the theoretical foundations of the adaptation of the research instrument for the measurement of strategy application, that is the SILL ver. 7.0 (Oxford 1990). The subsequent sections focus on linking the LLS concept to that of self-regulated language learning by providing a theoretical structure for the latter one, analysing relevant studies, and pointing to conclusions which legitimise the co-existence of the two constructs. The aspects of self-regulation under consideration correspond to the recognised strategy dimensions, that is learners’ motivation and goal orientation, af- fect, cognitive resources, and the interpersonal sphere. ii Chapter Three is dedicated to the relationships between LLS and other learner characteristics. A number of variables mediating strategy use are discussed, including the foreign language itself along with cultural variables along and instructional settings as well as learner-specific attributes, such as language learning experience, gender, age, be- liefs, aptitude, and motivation. Also, the nature of the complex relationship between LLS and foreign language proficiency is considered. The final section of Chapter Two offers reflection on the role of the language task and its impact on learners’ strategic choices, and thus concentrates on the microcontext of strategy use. Chapter Four sets the methodological framework and describes the rationale for conducting the main study. First, it presents the design and briefly discusses the results of two pilot studies. Capitalising on these results, it introduces a number of implications for the main study including the choice of the research instruments. Second, it provides a thorough description of the participants of the Main Study and the sampling scheme. This involves discussing the representativeness of the sample and the legitimacy of generalis- ing research findings over the entire populations of students of Adam Mickiewicz Uni- versity in Poznań and WSB University in Poznań. Third, research questions are formu- lated and finally, the analytical procedures employed in order to provide relevant answers are elaborated on following the order of the research questions. Chapter Five presents the results of the main study. It addresses the four research questions framed in Chapter Four, and thus reports and reviews findings concerning the relationships between LLS and university students’ personality traits, links both con- structs to the level of linguistic proficiency, and analyses clusters of learners in terms of their strategic and personality features. The outcomes are then referred to the results of earlier studies investigating LLS and personality traits in foreign language development. Also, an attempt is made to draw conclusions resulting from the revealed links between students’ personality traits and their strategy repertoire. Moreover, Chapter Five also dis- cusses the limitations of the main study. The concluding part of the present dissertation addresses potential pedagogical implications as suggests directions for future research. iii STRESZCZENIE Niniejsza dysertacja poświęcona jest badaniu związków między cechami osobowości stu- dentów polskich uczelni, uczestniczących w zajęciach lektoratowych z języka angiel- skiego, a stosowaniem przez nich strategii uczenia się. W jej skład wchodzą trzy rozdziały teoretyczne, rozdział poświęcony metodologii projektu badawczego oraz ostatni, prezen- tujący wyniki i implikacje badania głównego. Towarzyszy im krótkie wprowadzenie oraz podsumowanie w postaci końcowych wniosków. W rozdziale pierwszym omówiono różne koncepcje osobowości, odnosząc się do założeń teorii psychodynamicznych, podejścia behawioralnego i teorii społecznego ucze- nia się, koncepcji fenomenologicznej, stanowiska kognitywistów oraz podejścia cecho- wego. Temu ostatniemu poświęcono szczególnie dużo uwagi, ponieważ postulowane przezeń Pięcioczynnikowy Model Osobowości oraz inwentarz pomiaru osobowości NEO-FFI (Costa i McCrae 1992) wykorzystano do pomiaru osobowości w badaniu głów- nym. Końcowa część rozdziału zawiera przegląd badań na temat roli zmiennych osobo- wościowych w procesie rozwoju języka obcego oraz próbę ustalenia status quo. W rozdziałach drugim i trzecim przedstawiona zostaje charakterystyka konceptu strategii uczenia się języków obcych. Przedstawiony rys historyczny uwzględnia przeło- mowe odkrycia i koncepcje w badaniach nad strategiami. Kolejne sekcje obejmują prze- gląd definicji oraz próbę zdefiniowania współczesnego rozumienia zakresu tematycznego pojęcia "strategie uczenia się języków obcych". W dalszej części rozdziału przedstawione zostały kategoryzacje, klasyfikacje i taksonomie strategii ze szczególnym uwzględnie- niem tych autorstwa Oxford (1990, 2011, 2017), stanowiących teoretyczne podwaliny dla narzędzia badawczego wykorzystanego w niniejszej pracy do pomiaru częstotliwości ko- rzystania ze strategii, tj. SILL ver. 7.0 (Oxford 1990). Kolejne sekcje skupiają się na po- wiązaniu konceptu strategii z modelem samoregulacji w nauce języka obcego poprzez przybliżenie założeń dotyczących tego ostatniego, analizę poświęconych mu badań oraz uzasadnienie, dlaczego oba konstrukty można pojmować jako komplementarne, a nie - substytucyjne. Omawiane aspekty samoregulacji korespondują z powszechnie uznanymi wymiarami strategii, tj. motywacyjnym i zorientowanym na cel, afektywnym, dotyczą- cym zasobów poznawczych oraz sfery interpersonalnej. Rozdział trzeci poświęcony jest kontekstowi, w jakim ma miejsce korzystanie ze strategii uczenia się języków obcych. Opisane są interakcje strategii z szeregiem iv zmiennych mediujących ich użycie, począwszy od samego języka obcego oraz jego sze- roko pojętej kultury i tendencji w dydaktyce na terenie danego kraju, a skończywszy na atrybutach nierozerwalnie związanych z samym uczącym się, tj. doświadczeniem w na- uce języka obcego, płcią, wiekiem, przekonaniami dotyczącymi uczenia się języka ob- cego oraz motywacją do nauki. W następnej części rozdziału znajdują się rozważania na temat skomplikowanego związku strategii uczenia się z poziomem opanowania języka obcego. Rozdział zamyka sekcja poświęcona wpływowi specyficznego zadania języko- wego na wybór strategii uczenia się, a więc skoncentrowana na mikrokontekście funk- cjonowania strategii. Rozdział czwarty ma charakter metodologiczny i stanowi swoistego rodzaju opis wykorzystanych w pracy procedur badawczych wraz z uzasadnieniem ich zastosowania. Po przedstawieniu założeń i, pokrótce, wyników dwóch badań pilotażowych, omawia szereg implikacji płynących z nich dla badania głównego. Rozdział zawiera również szczegółowy opis uczestników badania oraz doboru próby, odnosząc się przy tym do kwestii reprezentatywności próby badawczej i zasadności dokonywania generalizacji wy- ników na populacje studentów, uczących się języka angielskiego na lektoratach na Uni- wersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu oraz na Wyższej Szkole Bankowej w Poznaniu. W dalszej części sformułowane zostają pytania badawcze oraz opisane proce- dury analityczne, mające na celu udzielenie na nie odpowiedzi, w kolejności odpowiada- jącej pytaniom badawczym. W rozdziale piątym przedstawiono wyniki badania głównego. W oparciu o dane empiryczne odpowiedziano na cztery postawione w poprzednim rozdziale pytania ba- dawcze, dotyczące związku strategii
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